Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Paratuberculosi'
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Chastel, Michaël Foucras Gilles. "Épidémiologie de la paratuberculose des ruminants conséquences sur les mesures de contrôle et de prévention /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/2081/1/debouch_2081.pdf.
Full textMarcé, Clara. "Modelling the transmission of and effectiveness of control measures for Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis in dairy herds." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S047.
Full textLa paratuberculose est une maladie incurable des ruminants entraînant une diminution de la production laitière et de la valeur de carcasse des animaux infectés. L'objectif de ma thèse est d'évaluer l'efficacité épidémiologique et économique d'actions de maîtrise en troupeaux bovins laitiers infectés. Un modèle de simulation stochastique représentant la dynamique de population d'un troupeau bovin laitier et la transmission indirecte de Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis (Map) a été, élaboré puis couplé à un simulateur bioéconomique existant. L'évolution spontanée de l'infection après I'introduction d'un animal infecté dans un troupeau initialement sensible est étudiée en l'absence d'action de maîtrise. L'effet de la structure de contact sur la transmission de Map est exploré. La rentabilité de stratégies de maîtrise de l'infection est évaluée. Une extinction de l'infection peut survenir lorsque moins de deux animaux cliniquement infectés sont présents en cinq ans, en l'absence d'action de maîtrise. Dans les troupeaux infectés persistants, la transmission in utero et via l'environnement contaminé sont les deux principales voies de transmission. Empêcher le contact précoce entre veaux n'a pas d'impact sur la transmission de Map. Il est recommandé de limiter ou retarder l'exposition des veaux aux fèces des adultes et de réformer rapidement les animaux cliniquement infectés pour réduire la prévalence de l'infection. L'utilisation de tests suivis de réformes mis en place systématiquement dès l'introduction d'un animal infecté semble rentable. L'outil développé ici est flexible et permettra d'étudier d'autres actions de maîtrise en troupeau laitier
Matado, André Filipe Fernandes. "Seroprevalência de paratuberculose em ovinos e caprinos na região do Baixo Alentejo." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15722.
Full textPIGOLI, CLAUDIO. "MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES IN VETERINARY MEDICINE: MORPHOPATHOLOGY AND MYCOBACTERIAL PHENOTYPES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/843675.
Full textGomes, Marcos José Pereira. "Aspectos epidemiológicos da paratuberculose bovina no Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/3448.
Full textThe clinical and pathological aspects of bovine paratuberculosis in a dairy herd in the county of Capela de Santana, Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil are described. Clinical signs in eight cows out 345 cattle included chronic diarrhea refractory to treatment, progressive emaciation and decreased milk production. Necropsy findings included severe and diffuse thickening of the mucosa of the small intestine with exaggerated reticular pattern, reflected in the serosal surface, similar to cerebral gyri. Intestinal loops were filled with whitish watery contents. The lymphatic vessels of the intestinal serosa and of the mesentery were thickened and tortuous. The mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged and, on cut surface, there were oozing of milky fluid. Plaques of mineralization were evident in the intima of larger arteries, in the endocardium of the heart valves and in the ruminal serosa. There was also edema of abomasal folds and atrophy of caudate lobe of the liver. The main histopathological findings were granulomatous enteritis, lymphadenitis and lymphangitis. The inflammatory infiltrate was composed of macrophages, epithelioid cells and Langhan`s giant cells containing large numbers of acid-fast bacilli. Vascular lesions included degeneration, calcification and collagen proliferation of the intima and media of larger arteries. Other microscopic lesions included calcification of the ruminal serosa, diffuse hepatocellular atrophy and multifocal granulomatous hepatitis. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) was isolated from intestines and lymph nodes samples obtained from 8 Holstein cows (3.5%) with Johne’s Disease among 229 inoculated samples from a unique dairy herd in Rio Grande do Sul State, South Brazil. Cultures on HEYM supplemented with mycobactin yielded colonies identified like Map by phenotypic properties: Slow growth, acid-fast stain and mycobactin dependency. OIE Reference Laboratory in Argentine confirmed the strain like Map. The attempts to isolate the agent from 221 intestinal samples processed after 2 years were unsuccessful. The AGIDT applied as a screening test detected 26 positive cows (11.4%) among 228 tested animals at slaughterhouse. The absorbed ELISA test using PPA-3 antigen detected 125 positive animals (39.8%) and 47 (14.9%) suspect samples among 314 animals tested. Nonabsorbed ELISA test detected more 32 (10.1%) positive animals and 18 (5.7%) suspect samples than absorbed ELISA test. The prevalence of infection caused by Map was estimated in 35 bovine dairy herds in Rio Grande do Sul State by absorbed ELISA using PPA-3 commercial antigen. The ELISA test identified 558 positive (44.6%) animals among 1316 samples tested. The infection was detected in 35 dairy herds (97.2%) among 36 tested and was present in all 25 countries performed. The infection by Map was disseminated in dairy herds in Rio Grande do Sul State. It’ s emphasized the occurrence of clinical and subclinical forms of Johne’ s disease in Rio Grande do Sul and should be necessity the adoption of control measures in the protection of National dairy herds.
Mathevon, Yoann. "Utilisation des analyses en mélanges pour l'évaluation et le suivi du statut sanitaire des troupeaux : application à la paratuberculose des ovins." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30044/document.
Full textParatuberculosis is a contagious enzootic disease in ruminants caused byMycobacteriumavium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map). The long incubation period and the low informative values of antemortem diagnostic tests limit the effectiveness of control plans. In large sheep flocks, exhaustive individual testing is unfeasible and control plansmainly focus on vaccination, the effects of which have not yet been evaluated in French flocks. Using blood and feces samples from nearly 4000 ewes in 30 sheep flocks from the French department of Lot, the diagnostic performances of two serum ELISA and one fecal qPCR kits were estimated using bayesian and frequentist latent class modeling. Our results confirm the low sensitivity and non-perfect specificity of serum ELISA for the detection of subclinically infected animals, while the diagnostic performances of fecal qPCR were better. We also evaluated the relative diagnostic performances of pooled-sample analysis for both tests. Highly qPCR/ELISA positive samples were invariously detected while low positive ones were associated with lower detection rates. The flock-level epidemiological performances of screening strategies based on pooled-sample analysis were evaluated by simulation studies. Pooled serum ELISA appeared lowly specific. Conversely, pooled fecal qPCR appeared promising, allowing the detection of low infection prevalence. Finally, the work carried out in the vaccinated flocks made it possible to better know their epidemiological status and to specify to what extent it could be approached using pooled-sample analysis
Dudemaine, Pier-Luc. "Étude de l'état immunitaire des vaches laitière atteintes de la paratuberculose bovine." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6298.
Full textCruz, Catarina Lourenço da. "Paratuberculose: associação dos dados clínicos com os dados de rejeição de carcaças de bovino no matadouro por caquexia." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14002.
Full textCreignou-Mercier, Pascale. "Bases épidémiologiques pour la maîtrise de la paratuberculose caprine." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S110.
Full textThis study aimed at providing descriptive epidemiological knowledge about the infection of goats by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, in order to design control schemes. A serological study confirmed that Map infection was widespread in goat herds in France (true prevalence estimated to 63%). Detection of infected animals can be made by ELISA, with a sensitivity of 53% and a specificity of 100%. Best values for ELISA tests were obtained for goats aged 2-3 years. For detection of infectious animals, PCR was the earliest test (from 8 months of age). With PCR as reference test, sensitivities for IFNγ test and ELISA test were estimated to 49 and 29%, respectively. Specificities for the 2 tests were estimated to 100%. Lastly, results are discussed in the perspective of the implementation of infection control schemes and further research topics are proposed
Lefrançois, Louise. "Etude des adhésines HBHA et LBP impliquées dans l'interaction de Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis avec les cellules épithéliales intestinales, cibles privilégiées de la bactérie in vivo." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR4020/document.
Full textMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), the etiological agent of paratuberculosis, has evolved into two types called, S for "Sheep" and C for "Cattle." The small intestine is the primary site of Map infection but the molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment of bacilli are still unknown. The aim of my thesis was to identify and characterize the adhesins expressed by Map by genetic and biochemical approaches. I purified HBHA and LBP by affinity chromatography then identified them by mass spectrometry. The originality of this work is based on the polymorphism of these adhesins observed between strains of type C and S. This variability has been demonstrated in the binding domain involved in interaction with sulfated sugars of host cell influences adhesins affinity for heparin. This thesis has characterized for the first time these two adhesins produced by Map. Specific polymorphism highlighted related to the evolution of the species avium, opens large number questions on their role on the pathogenesis of Map including the cellular tropism, host preference or interest of these antigens to improve diagnostic
Dalto, André Gustavo Cabrera. "Achados clínicos e patológicos de paratuberculose em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) no Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/32134.
Full textIt´s described the epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic aspects of paratuberculosis in a bubaline herd in Guaiba city, southern Brazil. The property had one hundred and ninety animals for milk and meet production. Six adults Mediterranean breed bubalines showed chronic intermittent diarrhea, lost of weight and normal appetite. At necropsy, the lymphatic vessels were prominent in the serosa, the mesenteric lymphnodes were slightly enlarged with dark areas interwoven by multinodular white spots mainly in the cortical region. The intestine mucosa were thickened and of corrugated aspect. The microscopic exam revealed severe diffuse granulomatous inflammation, marked dilatation of the lymphatic vessels, granulomatous lymphangitis and lymphangioectasia from the duodenum to the large bowl. The mesenteric lymphnodes showed similar histological lesions. Acid-fast bacilli in macrophages, in Langhans giant cells and freely in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine and lymphnodes were shown at Ziehl-Neelsen staining and immunohistochemistry. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was isolated through bacterial cultivation of samples taken from feces, intestinal mucosa, mesenteric lymphnodes, and identified through IS900 PCR. In addition, a serologic survey was performed in the property by ELISA test. 15.45 percent of the animals reacted positive to the test. The diagnosis of paratuberculosis was based on clinical, pathological and epidemiological data, serology exam, bacterial isolation and identification of the agent.
Braga, Isis de Freitas Espeschit. "Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP): Identificação água e fatores de risco para a presença em amostras de biópsias intestinais." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2015. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/6739.
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Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) é o agente etiológico da doença de Johne ou paratuberculose, enterite granulomatosa crônica caracterizada por diarreia persistente e perda de peso progressiva que acomete ruminantes. Pode também ser isolado a partir de amostras intestinais de pacientes humanos, com doenças intestinais, principalmente portadores da doença de Crohn. Essa é uma doença de etiologia desconhecida, que se caracteriza por inflamação crônica, focal, assimétrica transmural e ocasionalmente granuloma- tosa, que pode acometer qualquer segmento do tubo digestivo. O isolamento de MAP e as semelhanças entre os processos clínicos e histopatológicos da paratuberculose e da doença de Crohn são algumas das razões pelas quais se investiga o potencial zoonótico da bactéria. As principais vias de eliminação do agente são através do leite e das fezes que contaminam os pastos e, direta ou indiretamente os cursos d’agua podendo dessa forma infectar humanos pela ingestão de água contendo o micro-organismo viável. MAP é uma bactéria resistente e responsável por grandes prejuízos econômicos e produtivos, sendo demonstrada sua sobrevivência no ambiente por longos períodos, além da resistência a pasteurização e à agentes de desinfecção aplicados ao tratamento da água para consumo humano. Diante disso, o estudo teve como objetivos: - identificar fatores de risco envolvidos com a presença de MAP em amostras de intestino humano, através da aplicação de questionário, em conjunto com da- dos prévios sobre a presença da bactéria em amostras de biópsias intestinais de pacientes portadores de Doença de Crohn, retocolite ulcerativa e portadores de doenças intestinais não inflamatórias, -verificar a presença do agente na água para consumo humano e animal através de PCR convencional e do cultivo microbiológico de amostras coletados em 10 propriedades de caprinocultura leiteira da Zona da Mata Mineira e realizar uma revisão bibliográfica dos estudos sobre a paratuberculose na América Latina. Quanto às amostras de água, MAP foi identificado viável em quatro (40%) das amostras de consumo animal, e identificado por PCR em três (30%) das de consumo humano além de uma quinta amostra de consumo animal (10%). Esse resultado demonstra o papel da água como reservatório do agente, mantendo o ciclo de infecção ativo e servindo de amostra confiável para o diagnóstico da presença do agente no rebanho já que, aparentemente não está condicionada a eliminação intermitente, como ocorre com as fezes desses animais. Nesse estudo também puderam ser identificados fatores de risco para a ocorrência do agente na água e em biópsias intestinais humanas, como o consumo de leite e derivados informais, assim como histórico familiar de agravos intestinais. Na América Latina MAP foi pesquisado em 10 países e identificado em nove, infectando, bovinos, caprinos e animais silvestres. Os resultados desse estudo contribuem para a identificação de fatores de risco envolvidos na transmissão de MAP para humanos, permitindo a sugestão de medidas que previnam ou reduzam a exposição ao agente. Esses fatores de risco identificados também demonstram a importância do leite na veiculação do agente por leite e produtos lácteos, com destaque para aqueles que não passaram pela pasteurização. Além disso, os estudos sobre água auxiliaram a elucidação do papel da ingestão da água na transmissão do agente, que não é pesquisado na rotina de tratamento, indicando exposição ao agente para humanos pode ser dar através do consumo de água contaminada por fezes de animais com paratuberculose. Esse estudo foi o primeiro sobre o agente na água no Brasil, e um dos poucos no mundo.
Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiologic agent of Johne's disease or paratuberculosis, a chronic granulomatous enteritis characterized by persistent diarrhea and progressive weight loss that may affects ruminants. MAP is also be isolated from intestinal samples from human patients with intestinal diseases, particularly Crohn's disease patients. This is a disease of unknown etiology that is characterized by chronic inflammation, focal, transmural asymmetric and occasionally granulomatous lesions, which can affect any segment of the digestive tract. The isolation of MAP and the similarities between the clinical and pathologic processes of paratuberculosis and Crohn's disease are some of the reasons for investigating the zoonotic potential of bacteria. The main agent’s disposal routes are through feces and milk that contaminate pastures and directly or indirectly the watercourses and can thus infect humans by drinking water containing viable microorganism. MAP is a resistant bacteria and responsible for significant economic and productive loss, and demonstrated its survival in the environment for long periods, in addition to the resistance to pasteurization and disinfection agents applied to water treatment for human consumption. Thus, the study aimed to: - identify risk factors involved with the presence of MAP in human gut samples, through the questionnaire, together with previous data on the presence of bacteria in samples of intestinal biopsies of patients Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and patients with non- inflammatory intestinal diseases, -check the agent's presence in the water for human and animal consumption by conventional PCR and microbiological culture samples collected in 10 properties of dairy goat of the Zona da Mata Mineira and,- conduct a literature review of the studies on paratuberculosis in Latin America. As for the water samples, MAP was identified feasible in four (40%) of the samples of animal feed, and identified by PCR in three (30%) of human consumption as well as a fifth sample of animal consumption (10%). This result demonstrates the role of water as an agent of the reservoir, keeping the active infection cycle and serving as a reliable sample for the diagnosis of the agent's presence in the herd since apparently is not subject to intermittent shedding, as with the feces of these animals. In this study could also be identified risk factors for the occurrence of the agent in in human intestinal biopsies, as the consumption of unpasteurized milk and informal derivatives as well as family history of bowel diseases. In Latin America MAP was investigated in 10 countries and identified in nine, infecting, cattle, goats and wild animals. The results of this study contribute to the identification of risk factors involved in the MAP transmission to humans, allowing the suggestion of measures to prevent or reduce exposure. These identified risk factors also demonstrate the importance of milk in placement agent for milk and milk products, especially those who have not gone through the pasteurization. Furthermore, studies on water helped to elucidate the role of water ingestion in the transmission of the agent, which is not searched in routine treatment, indicating exposure to the agent for humans can occur through the consumption of water contaminated by faeces of animals carrying paratuberculosis. This study was the first about the agent in water in Brazil, and one of the few in the world.
ALBUQUERQUE, Pedro Paulo Feitosa de. "Detecção do Mycobacterium avium subespécie paratuberculosis em amostras de leite de bovinos na microrregião de Garanhuns, Pernambuco." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2014. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5062.
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The aim of the present study was to detect the IS900 region of MAP in bovine milk samples using the Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and conventional PCR, as well as to study the agreement between the tests used. In total, 121 bovine milk samples were collected from properties considered as a focus of MAP in the micro-region of Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil. Of the 121 milk samples analyzed, it was possible to detect the DNA of MAP in 20 samples (16.52%) using conventional PCR and in 34 samples (28.09%) using qPCR. The DNA of the agent was detected on all of the six properties studied, ranging from 10.00% to 23.81% in the conventional PCR and from 10.00% to 36.84% in the qPCR. The agreement between qPCR and conventional PCR was moderate (Kappa =0.53; χ2 = 38.08; p<0.000). The sensitivity and specificity of conventional PCR in relation to qPCR was 50% and 96.6%, respectively. Based on these results, it was possible to conclude that the IS900 region of MAP is present in bovine milk in the micro-region of Garanhuns, Pernambuco. It was also possible to conclude that the qPCR technique used in the present study was more sensitive than conventional PCR in terms of detecting these bacteria in milk samples.
Objetivou-se com este estudo detectar a região IS900 do MAP em amostras de leite bovino utilizando-se as técnicas de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real (qPCR) e a PCR convencional, e realizar um estudo de concordância entre os testes utilizados. Foram coletadas 121 amostras de leite bovino de propriedades consideradas foco para o MAP pertencentes à microrregião de Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brasil. Das 121 amostras de leite analisadas foi possível detectar o DNA do MAP em 20 (16,52%) amostras na PCR convencional e em 34 (28,09%) na qPCR. O DNA do agente foi detectado em todas as seis propriedades estudadas, variando de 10,00% a 23,81% na PCR convencional e de 10,00% a 36,84% na qPCR. A concordância entre a qPCR e PCR foi moderada (Kappa =0,53; χ2 = 38,08; p<0,000) e a sensibilidade e especificidade da PCR convencional com relação a qPCR foi de 50% e 96,6%, respectivamente. Conclui-se que o DNA da região IS900 do MAP está presente no leite bovino na região estudada e que a qPCR é uma técnica sensível e rápida para detecção desse agente em amostras de leite.
Sergeant, Evan Stuart George. "Surveillance and risk assessment for ovine Johne's disease in Australia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17427.pdf.
Full textOkafor, Chika Chukwunonso. "Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis IgG by a conductometric biosensor an aid in diagnosis of Johne's disease /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
Find full textBeard, Philippa M. "Epidemiology and pathogenesis of paratuberculosis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29893.
Full textPietralonga, Pricila Aparecida Grasse. "Expressão de citocinas padrão Th1 e Th2 em camundongos C57BL/6 durante infecção de Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2012. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5165.
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Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis, a disease which causes chronic granulomatous enteritis preferably in domestic and wild ruminants. It is considered a disease of economic and social impact, because of losses in livestock and importance in human health, since there is evidence of possible correlation of MAP with Crohn's disease. However, much is still unknown about the developing the pathophysiology and immunopathogenesis this disease, in the sites of infection. Thus, this study has proposed verify the response of cytokines proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory by quantitative PCR and associate the expression of these cytokines with the lesions and the presence of the agent in organs of C57BL/6 mice infected intraperitoneal with strain MAP66115-98. It was applied 250μl of inoculum at 3 x 108 UFC/ml in 20 mice, and it was applied saline phosphate buffers (PBS) in eight control species. The animals were sacrificed at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days post-inoculation. In each period were collected spleen, liver, intestine (ileum and colon) and Peyer's patches of five challenged mice and two controls. It was found in the majority an upregulation in the expression profiles of proinflammatory cytokines IL-2, IFN-, and TNF-α ү, and anti-inflammatory IL-4 and IL-10 analyzed in the organs compared to controls during period of the experiment. It was observed also negative regulations in the fourth week in spleen and colon, twelfth in the spleen, ileum and Peyer's patch and the sixteenth week in the liver, colon and ileum. Statistical differences were only observed at the eighth week after the challenge for IFN-ү in liver, in spleen for expression of IL-2 and IFN-ү and in the ileum for IL-4 and TNF-α. In the fourth week, it was possible to identify increased levels of mRNA transcripts of the cytokines studied. In the liver, ileum and colon IFN-ү showed the highest level of mRNA transcripts compared to the negative control, however at higher levels spleen were observed for IL- 10. Only eight weeks it was possible to observe a statistically significant difference for the cytokine IFN-ү in the liver and spleen samples for TNF-α and IL-4 in the ileum and IL-2 in spleen. The highest levels of mRNA transcript were observed in the liver for IFN- ү, spleen for IL-2, and in the ileum Peyer's patch for IL-4 and colon for IL-10. In the twelfth week, the major mRNA transcript levels were observed in liver for IL-10 in spleen and ileum for IL-2 in colon for TNF-α and Peyer's patch for IL-4. In the sixteenth week, the major mRNA transcript levels were observed in liver and colon for IL-10 in spleen and ileum for IFN-ү and Peyer's patch for TNF-α. The animals showed increased expression of mRNA transcripts of cytokines studied organs after challenge with MAP, although not verified gross and microscopic changes (hematoxylin and eosin staining). However it was possible to observe the presence of alcohol-acid resistant rods in two samples of Peyer's patches (Ziehl-Neelsen) and nested-PCR technique was possible to observe the presence of MAP in every organ analyzed. Thus, these results contribute to a better understanding of the expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory in local infection at different post-inoculation in both organs taken as site specific as MAP intestine (colon and ileum) and Peyer's patch and organs extraintestinal, and thus find a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of infection in the local.
Mycobacterium avium subespécie paratuberculosis (MAP) é o agente etiológico da paratuberculose, uma enfermidade que causa enterite granulomatosa crônica preferencialmente em ruminantes domésticos e silvestres. É considerada uma doença de impacto econômico e social, devido às perdas no rebanho e na saúde humana, uma vez que se têm indícios da possível relação de MAP com a doença de Crohn. Contudo, muito ainda se desconhece sobre o desenvolvimento da patofisiologia e imunopatogênese desta doença, nos locais da infecção. Desse modo, este estudo propôs verificar a resposta de citocinas pró e anti-inflamatórias por meio da técnica de PCR quantitativo e associar a expressão destas citocinas com as lesões e a presença do agente em órgãos de camundongos C57BL/6 infectados por via intraperitoneal com a cepa MAP66115-98. Em 20 camundongos foram aplicados 250μl de inóculo a 3 x 10 8 UFC/ml e, em oito controles foram aplicados PBS. Os animais foram sacrificados aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias pós-inoculação. Em cada período, foram coletado baço, fígado, intestino (cólon e íleo) e placas de Peyer de cinco camundongos desafiados e de dois controles. Verificou-se na maioria, uma regulação positiva nos perfis de expressões das citocinas pró-inflamatórias IL-2, IFN-ү e TNF-α, e anti-inflamatórias IL-4 e IL-10 nos órgãos analisados em relação aos controles durante o período do experimento. Observaram-se também regulações negativas na quarta semana no baço e colón, na décima segunda no baço, íleo e placa de Peyer e na décima sexta semana no fígado, colón e íleo. Diferenças estatísticas foram observadas somente na oitava semana após o desafio no fígado para IFN-ү, no baço para expressão da IL-2 e IFN-ү e no íleo para IL-4 e TNF-α. Na quarta semana, foi possível identificar aumento dos níveis de transcritos de RNAm das citocinas estudadas. No fígado, íleo e colón o IFN-ү apresentou maior nível de transcritos de RNAm em relação ao controle negativo, no entanto no baço os maiores níveis foram observados para a IL-10. Somente na oitava semana foi possível observar diferença estatística significativa para a citocina IFN-ү, em amostras do fígado e baço, para o TNF-α e IL-4 no íleo e para a IL-2 no baço. Os maiores níveis de transcrito de RNAm foram observados no fígado, para o IFN-ү , no baço para a IL-2 , no íleo e placa de Peyer para a IL-4 e no colón para a IL-10. Na décima segunda semana, os maiores níveis de transcrito de RNAm foram observados no fígado para a IL-10, no baço e íleo para a IL-2, no colón para o TNF-α e na placa de Peyer para a IL-4. Na décima sexta semana, os maiores níveis de transcrito de RNAm foram observados no fígado e colón para a IL-10, no baço e íleo para o IFN-ү e na placa de Peyer para o TNF-α. Os animais apresentaram uma maior expressão dos transcritos de RNAm das citocinas estudadas nos órgãos após o desafio com MAP, embora não tenham sido verificadas alterações macro e microscópica (coloração de Hematoxilina e Eosina). No entanto foi possível observar presença de bastonetes álcool ácido resistentes em duas amostras de placas de Peyer, (coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen) e pela técnica de nested-PCR foi possível observar a presença de MAP em todos os órgão analisados. Assim, estes resultados contribuem para a melhor compreensão da expressão de citocinas pró e anti-inflamatória nos locais da infecção em diferentes tempos pós-inoculação tanto em órgãos tidos como sitio específicos de MAP como intestino (colón e íleo) e placa de Peyer e órgãos extra-intestinais, e com isso buscar o melhor entendimento da imunopatogênese nos locais da infecção.
Pillars, Roxanne Bee. "Control strategies for Johne's disease in dairy cattle." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
Find full textTitle from PDF t.p. (viewed on Aug. 28, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 260-281). Also issued in print.
Bush, Russell David. "The biological and financial impact of Ovine Johne's disease in Australia." Connect to full text, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/893.
Full textTitle from title screen (viewed 30 May 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Veterinary Science. Degree awarded 2006; thesis submitted 2005. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
Antognoli, Maria Celia. "Screening and diagnosis of paratuberculosis in young and adult dairy cattle." Access citation, abstract and download form; downloadable file 6.78 Mb, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3131653.
Full textVialard, Jacquemine. "Paratuberculose des ruminants : épidémiologie, diagnostic et prophylaxie." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10283.
Full textNyange, John Frederick Charles. "Studies of paratuberculosis of red deer." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30592.
Full textFiss, Letícia. "Paratuberculose em bovinos de corte na região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul: ocorrência e diagnóstico diferencial." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3269.
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Esta tese relata um surto de paratuberculose diagnosticado em bovinos de corte em uma propriedade na região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram descritos os aspectos epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos da doença. Os animais eram criados extensivamente e apresentaram quadro de emagrecimento progressivo e diarreia crônica. O diagnóstico foi realizado pelas lesões macroscópicas e pela histopatologia. Fragmentos dos órgãos foram fixados em formalina 10%, incluídos em parafina, cortados com 5 μm de espessura e corados pela técnica de hematoxilina e eosina (HE) e Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN). Fezes foram encaminhadas ao Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Área de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco para o cultivo de Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis em meio Löwenstein Jensen com micobactina e para realização da PCR. Histologicamente havia enterite granulomatosa principalmente no dudeno, jejuno, íleo, ceco, colon e reto. Havia, ainda, linfangite e linfaadenite granulomatosa. Pela coloração de ZN foram observados numerosos bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes (BAAR) no interior de macrófagos, células gigantes de Langhans e nos linfonodos mesentéricos no duodeno, jejuno, íleo ceco e reto. Não houve crescimento bacteriano nas amostras de fezes e cinco amostras amplificaram a sequência genética IS900 específica do Mycobacterium avium subesp. paratuberculosis. Concluiu-se que a paratuberculose ocorre, também, em bovinos de corte criados extensivamente no sul do Rio Grande do Sul e pode ter uma prevalência maior do que se supõe na região, sendo necessárias medidas efetivas de controle desta doença que, por vezes, ainda é considerada exótica no Brasil. Por ser uma doença ainda pouco diagnosticada e pouco conhecida na região e que apresenta sinais clínicos inespecíficos, um segundo trabalho foi realizado visando determinar as principais doenças que ocorrem na região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, que cursam com diarreia e afetam bovinos de corte maiores de dois anos de idade. Para isso realizou-se um levantamento nos arquivos do Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico identificando-se os protocolos de necropsia nos quais era mencionada a diarreia como um sinal clínico relevante. Observou-se que as causas de diarreia em bovinos com dois anos ou mais de idade são poucas e bem conhecidas na região, sendo de fácil diagnóstico. Destaca-se a intoxicação por Senecio spp., em bovinos maiores de três anos, que causa prejuízos econômicos relevantes devido a sua ampla distribuição na região do estudo e ao seu difícil controle. Com relação aos bovinos entre dois e três anos as parasitoses de modo geral foram as mais importantes causas de diarreia representando 70% dos casos.
This thesis reports an outbreak of paratuberculosis diagnosed in beef cattle at a farm in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul.
Ben, Romdhane Racem. "Évaluation de l'efficacité de stratégies de maîtrise de la paratuberculose bovine : sélection génétique ou diminution de l'exposition dans les troupeaux." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ONIR104F/document.
Full textParatuberculosis (PTB) is an endemic disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map). Current control strategies are not effective enough. The response to Map exposure varies between animals with evidence of a partial genetic determinism. Genetic markers could allow selection. The objective was to assess the potential expected effectiveness of control strategies relying on genetic selection or reduction of exposure in herds, using a modelling approach. We identified four phenotypic traits of resistance mainly influencing the spread of Map at the herd scale and showed the added value of their simultaneous improvement. We evaluated the effect of the herd environment and management on the spread and control of Map. We showed a difference in effectiveness of the most relevant control strategies between two contrasting dairy cattle systems in Europe: western France and Ireland. We evaluated the effectiveness of genomic selection by assessing the time required to reach levels of variation in the selected traits allowing to achieve a good control of infection, assuming that associated genomic markers could be available. Effectiveness of selection was mainly influenced by 2 of the parameters of the developed genomic selection model. Our model allows to account for future knowledge about the genetic determinism of cattle resistance to Map in order to assess the effectiveness of complex control strategies including a genomic selection component
Bulander, Korinna. "Vergleichende Untersuchungen zum Nachweis von Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in Milchrinderbeständen." Giessen VVB Laufersweiler, 2009. http://d-nb.info/995997667/04.
Full textZanella, Ricardo. "Genetic association of tolerance to Johne's disease." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2008/r_zanella_120308.pdf.
Full textTitle from PDF title page (viewed on Feb. 19, 2009). "Department of Animal Sciences." Includes bibliographical references.
Herthnek, David. "Molecular diagnostic methods for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis : more than a gut feeling /." Uppsala : Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/200920.pdf.
Full textElze, Julia. "Nachweis von Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis bei Schlachtrindern." Hannover Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1000021831/34.
Full textSmeed, J. "Molecular definition of paratuberculosis pathologies by functional genomics." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.662050.
Full textMathie, Heather. "Early macrophage response to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31378.
Full textSchulze, Martina. "Untersuchungen zur Stammdifferenzierung von Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis /." Berlin : Mbv, Mensch-und-Buch-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/995894671/04.
Full textBush, Russell David. "The Biological And Financial Impact Of Ovine Johne’s Disease In Australia." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/893.
Full textThis study was conducted to provide accurate information about the impact of OJD on sheep mortality and financial status on infected farms in Australia. Industry considered this research to be important because little credible information was available regarding the magnitude of the OJD problem and the responses required to control and manage OJD in southern Australia. This 3-year study, conducted on 12 OJD-infected farms in southern NSW, commenced with a 12-month observational study in 2002. During this year OJD mortality estimates were derived from farm records (livestock inventories) and quarterly farm visits (necropsy inspections). Questionnaires, climatic records and pasture samples enabled a detailed description of each farm to be made and a single collection of blood and faecal samples provided OJD prevalence information for specific age cohorts of sheep in each flock. The financial impact of OJD was established using two approaches, a gross margin analysis and the provision of a financial value on the mortalities inspected during the necropsy inspection periods. For a further 2 years, inventory and management information was collected from each of the twelve farms to provide 2003 and 2004 estimates for OJD mortality and financial loss due to OJD based on gross margin analyses. A more detailed gross margin model was developed that has the capacity to compare three disease status scenarios (uninfected, infected and vaccinated) for a number of different sheep production enterprises. These enterprises include fine, medium and strong wool Merino ewes and wethers as well as 1st and 2nd cross lamb production. From the four 5-day necropsy inspections conducted in 2002, a most likely cause of death was determined for 362 necropsied sheep on the basis of findings related to the environment, clinical signs, gross pathology and histopathology. Of these, OJD was most likely to have contributed to the death of 250 sheep, OJD was unlikely to have contributed to the death of 1 sheep and OJD did not contribute to death of 111 sheep. During 2002, across the 12 farms, there were a total of 52,718 wethers and 47,374 ewes at-risk of becoming infected with OJD. The distribution of mortalities in each sex group translates to an OJD mortality rate of 4.3% among wethers and 4.9% among ewes. Distribution across inspection periods showed a trend among OJD-related necropsies and total necropsies with the majority occurring in winter (31%) and spring (35%) and fewer in autumn (18%) and summer (16%). Across the 12 farms, the annual OJD mortality rate ranged from 1.8% to 17.5% during the 3-year study with mean annual figures of 6.2% in 2002, 7.8% in 2003 and 6.4% in 2004. Of concern is the fact that these mean OJD mortality figures were all above the accepted annual mortality rate from all causes for adult sheep of 4-6% (McGregor et al., 2003) for Australian flocks. Gross margins were calculated for each of the 12 farms assuming each farm was free of OJD and then these were compared with the actual farm gross margin. The mean percentage decrease in gross margin due to a farm being infected with OJD was 6.4% in 2002, 8.5% in 2003 and 7.4% in 2004. This equates to a mean reduction in annual income of $15,000 per farm in 2002, $12,154 in 2003 and $13,991 in 2004. Using the necropsy inspection information the mean estimated cost of OJD losses on the 12 farms over 2002 was $60,500 (range $10,978 to $150,836). The estimated cost of OJD losses accounted on average for 69.4% (range 19.4% to 100%) of the estimated total loss related to sheep deaths over the 12-month period. The OJD prevalence in 2-year old sheep in 2002 based on pooled faecal culture (PFC) ranged from 0.7% to > 23% on the 12 farms and was found to be associated with OJD mortality rate (P = 0.02). In contrast, no significant relationship was found between faecal excretion rate of MAP in two-year old sheep based on PFC and OJD mortality rate, or between age-related OJD seroprevalence and OJD mortality rate. The association between various environment, management and disease factors and quarterly OJD mortality rate was analysed and several factors (including flock size, stocking rate, area of improved pasture and weaning age) were identified as being important for further investigation. Definite conclusions based on statistical analysis could not be made due to the small number of farms and use of whole flock data. However, the results provide strong support for an additional study, involving a large number of farms and focusing on a specific sheep cohort, to identify the major risk factors for OJD. The necropsy study in 2002 established 31% of deaths were due to causes other than OJD and could have been prevented in most cases. More than half (63%) of the non-OJD deaths were attributed to malnutrition, with 57% of these deaths occurring on one farm where pregnancy toxaemia resulted from sheep receiving inadequate nutrition in late pregnancy. Many of these deaths could have been prevented with earlier feeding. The occurrence of grain poisoning on some farms reinforces the need for improved strategies when supplementary feeding. Under more favourable seasonal conditions these nutritional syndromes are unlikely to occur. Sporadic drought conditions throughout the 3-year study period, for each of the four study regions, were likely to have a minimal effect on measuring the impact of OJD on the 12 farms. At the end of 2002, following the realisation the drought would likely persist into 2003, the 12 farms on average selectively reduced flock numbers by 25%. However, this reduction is unlikely to have had an adverse effect on establishing the proportion of OJD mortalities as stock reductions occurred mainly towards the end of 2002 and the sheep most likely to be sampled at each necropsy inspection period were unlikely to be sold, as they displayed low body condition score and showed signs of weakness. A gross margin model was developed to provide an estimate of the on-farm cost of OJD. Non-infected, infected (status quo) and infected (vaccination) disease scenario examples were run for 1000 head Merino ewe and wether enterprises as well as first and second cross prime lamb enterprises. The total cost of OJD (relative to an uninfected status) and an avoidable cost of OJD (using GudairTM vaccination) were reported at four investment horizons to illustrate the cost of an OJD infection on a flock as well as the potential cost saving if a control strategy involving vaccination is implemented. Although vaccination reduces OJD mortalities, there is still an unavoidable cost incurred by the producer when compared to an uninfected flock. Results are presented as cumulative gross margin per dry sheep equivalent expressed in net present value terms (GM (NPV)/DSE) at 5, 10, 15 and 20-year intervals to enable a comparison between enterprises. The model suggests a vaccination breakeven point is achieved in two to three years for breeding enterprises if the level of OJD is high. If the level of OJD is low a vaccination breakeven point is achieved in three years for either a 1st cross or 2nd cross enterprise and seven years for a Merino ewe enterprise. The Merino ewe enterprises take the longest time to reach a vaccination breakeven point as more young sheep are retained annually for breeding in addition to the cost involved with vaccinating lambs, which is borne by all three breeding enterprises. The returns to vaccination are greatest for the 1st and 2nd cross lamb enterprises due to the value and number of lambs sold annually. With Merino wethers a vaccination breakeven point is reached in year one for all disease categories due to vaccinated replacement hoggets being introduced to provide an immediate response in reducing OJD mortalities, however as no breeding occurs the ability to increase income is limited. In the absence of OJD mortalities with the at-risk disease category, a vaccination breakeven point is not reached within the model’s 20-year time frame for any of the enterprises. This study provided the first objective data on the true impact of OJD on 12 farms, and the findings are generally applicable to sheep flocks in southern Australia. Industry groups claiming that OJD does not present a threat on-farm can now be provided with accurate figures on direct losses attributable to OJD within the endemic area of NSW. There was a wide range of impacts, with some very high mortality rates. The data can be used to justify vaccination programs, other control options and the general concept of disease control and prevention. The challenge now for industry is the design and implementation of an education and extension package that can incorporate these findings and the gross margin model along with other recent research findings to address issues of misinformation about OJD and inform producer decisions regarding on-farm disease control.
Spangler, Elizabeth. "The diagnosis and epidemiology of paratuberculosis in dairy cattle in Central Ohio /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu14873257407207.
Full textGutiérrez, Duprat Ximena Alejandra. "Detección de Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis en caprinos de la Región Metropolitana." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/130864.
Full textLa Paratuberculosis es una enfermedad infecto contagiosa crónica con un largo período de incubación causada por Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), que afecta principalmente a los rumiantes, generando diarrea en algunas especies, caquexia y debilitamiento progresivo y como consecuencia, perdidas económicas en los rebaños. También infecta a animales silvestres que actuarían como posibles reservorios y se le asocia un posible potencial zoonótico, habiendo sido aislada la bacteria en algunos pacientes con la Enfermedad de Crohn, siendo el posible vehículo de infección la leche, ya que esta bacteria resistiría la pasteurización. En este estudio se trata de detectar la presencia de Mycobacterium paratuberculosis desde heces de caprinos de la región Metropolitana. Se realizaron cultivos bacteriológicos para M. paratuberculosis según recomendaciones del Australian Standard Diagnostic Techniques (ASDT) y con las modificaciones que permiten una mejor eficiencia en la recuperación de la bacteria. El medio de cultivo para aislamiento primario es el medio de Herrold con yema de huevo (HEYM) más mycobactina J. Se tuvo acceso a 10 rebaños donde se seleccionaron el número de animales en múltiplos de cinco, tratando de abarcar el 25% de la población de cada rebaño. Se recolectaron muestras directamente desde el recto, tomando 1 a 2 heces de cada caprino, que se depositaron en bolsas de plástico estéril agrupándose en “pools” de cinco animales. Para tener una mayor probabilidad de detectar rebaños caprinos infectados con MAP, se consideraron hembras mayores de un año, y en lo posible animales que hayan presentado signos de diarrea, debilitamiento, pérdida de peso progresiva, disminución de la producción láctea, etc. Se comprobó la presencia de MAP desde heces de caprinos de la Región Metropolitana en 3 rebaños de los 10 muestreados, encontrándose un 18% de los “pools” positivos a MAP. El medio HEYM más la adición de mycobactina J demostró claramente ser muy efectiva para el aislamiento del MAP a partir de muestras de heces de animales que ya estaban diseminando el microorganismo
Turenne, Christine. "The evolution of the pathogen «Mycobacterium avium» subsp «paratuberculosis»." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32284.
Full textLe genre Mycobacterium est mieux reconnu pour ses espèces pathogènes M. tuberculosis et M. leprae, les agents étiologiques de la tuberculose et de la lèpre. Le séquençage de leur génome a indiqué un processus évolutionnaire de réduction génomique. Des autres espèces communes, le complexe M. avium (MAC) est composé de souches environnementales qui peuvent causer des infections opportunistes chez l'homme aussi bien que de souches pathogènes qui causent la maladie principalement chez les oiseaux et le bétail. La base de cette variation phénotypique est inconnue. Deux séquences génomiques représentant le pathogène de bétail M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) et un isolat opportuniste d'humain (M. avium subsp. hominissuis) ont servi de base pour la génomique comparative du MAC. Ceci est compliqué par un niveau de variabilité génétique d'un ordre logarithmique plus grand que celui qui se trouve dans le complexe de M. tuberculosis (MTBC), et par l'existence d'autres sous-ensembles de MAC au-delà des deux souches séquençées. Dans cette thèse, je cherche à définir les rapports phylogénétiques des divers membres du MAC et à explorer les processus évolutionnaires qui ont mené à l'apparition de l'espèce pathogène MAP. Une technique d'identification a été développée pour déterminer clairement les sous-ensembles de MAC, un outil dont l'absence par le passé limitait l'analyse des données. La possibilité d'utiliser un système d'analyse par séquençage multi-locus (MLSA) a révélé que le MAC est composé d'un groupe hautement variable avec la plus grande partie des génotypes appartenant à ce que l'on considère comme étant le$
Rumsey, John. "SURVIVAL OF MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM SUBSPECIES PARATUBERCULOSIS IN THE POL." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3554.
Full textM.S.
Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology
Burnett College of Biomedical Sciences
Molecular Biology and Microbiology
Sánchez, Rosales Lilian Giovanna. "Paratuberculosis bovina: diagnóstico, prevención y control en hatos lecheros." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/11299.
Full textTrabajo de suficiencia profesional
Heaslip, Darragh G. "Studies on a 34kDa protein of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, a putative virulence factor." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247997.
Full textCHARLES, JEAN-DOMINIQUE. "Mycobacterium paratuberculosis et maladie de crohn : a propos d'une observation." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1M245.
Full textBegg, Douglas, and n/a. "Immune profiles in sheep following experimental infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis." University of Otago. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070427.142318.
Full textLei, Liying. "Role of dendritic cells in Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
Find full textElze, Julia [Verfasser]. "Nachweis von Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis bei Schlachtrindern / Julia Elze." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1000021831/34.
Full textSchulze, Martina [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zur Stammdifferenzierung von Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis / Martina Schulze." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2009. http://d-nb.info/102370840X/34.
Full textLalande, Jean-Daniel. "NOD2 mediates innate and adaptive immunity to «Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis»." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106471.
Full textMycobactérium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) est l'agent causal de la paratuberculose, une entérite granulomateuse chronique chez les ruminants. MAP a été spécifiquement et significativement associé à la maladie de Crohn, une entérite chez les humains qui est semblable à la paratuberculose. Alors que ces observations ne prouvent pas une causalité entre la bactérie MAP et la maladie de Crohn, elles ont potentialisé des investigations dans le but de déterminer si les gènes reliés à la maladie de Crohn jouent un rôle lors d'une infection à MAP. Spécifiquement, nous sommes intéressés au gène NOD2. NOD2 fait partie de la famille des récepteurs NOD-like et est impliqué dans la reconnaissance innée de muramyl dipeptide (MDP), un composant de la peptidoglycane bactérienne. Il est intéressant de noter que les mutations au gène NOD2 qui sont associées à la maladie de Crohn abolissent cette réponse. De plus, il a été démontré que NOD2 est extrêmement sensible au MDP mycobactérien; ainsi nous avons fait l'hypothèse que NOD2 joue un rôle dans le contrôle d'une infection à MAP. En utilisant une souche de souris Nod2-/- comme modèle pour la déficience de NOD2 chez les humains, nous avons évalué les phénotypes bactériens, immunologiques et pathologiques ex vivo et in vivo, par rapport aux infections à MAP. La stimulation de macrophages péritonéales provenant de souris Nod2-/- a révélé une déficience dans la reconnaissance innée de MAP, un phénotype qui n'était pas présent lors de stimulation avec Escherichia coli. En plus, nous avons constamment observé un taux de MAP plus élevé (~0.3 log) dans les cultures de macrophages Nod2-/- 5 jours après l'infection; la croissance intracellulaire de E. coli était indépendant de NOD2. Quatre semaines suivant une infection intrapéritonéale de MAP, la perturbation de NOD2 a affaibli les réponses immunitaires adaptatives envers l'infection de MAP. Ceci était caractérisé par une réduction de cellules spécifique à MAP produisant de l'IFN-γ. Aussi, les splénocytes de génotype Nod2-/- n'ont fourni aucun avantage anti-mycobactérienne lors de co-culture avec des macrophages infectés avec MAP. Au contraire, les splénocytes Nod2+/+ étaient directement responsable d'une réduction de ~0.5 log de MAP. Ces observations nous ont mené à poursuivre des investigations de pathologie d'infection de MAP à long-terme. Malheureusement, nous n'avons pas observé de pathologie touchant les intestins de souris infectés chroniquement à MAP pendant 1 ans, malgré l'isolation d'organismes dans les ganglions mésentériques. De façons similaires, les souris Cybb-/- ont développé une adénite mésentérique chronique, avec pathologie intestinale mineure, lors d'une infection de 6 mois de MAP. Par contre, l'infection de souris Irf-1-/- a révélé une déficience dans le contrôle d'infection à MAP. Pris dans leur ensemble, NOD2 est impliqué dans le contrôle de la croissance intracellulaire de MAP et sa perturbation mène à la déficience de réponses innées et adaptatives envers MAP. La nature subtile de ce pathogène nous a révélé que les souris Nod2-/-et Cybb-/- ont peu de chance de servir de modèle utile de la paratuberculose chez les souris, mais la perturbation de Irf-1 à causé une augmentation dans la persistance de MAP.
Kreitmann, Louis. "Investigations of Irgm1 during experimental infections with «Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis»." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121520.
Full textTitre du mémoire : Etude du rôle d'Irgm1 au cours d'infections expérimentales par Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis Introduction : Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) est responsable d'une entérite chronique granulomateuse chez les ruminants, la maladie de Johne (ou paratuberculose). La maladie de Crohn est une maladie inflammatoire chronique du tube digestif d'étiologie indéterminée qui affecte les humains. Du fait de similarités histologiques entre les deux conditions, il a été suggéré que MAP pouvait être responsable de certains cas de maladie de Crohn. Irgm1 (orthologue murin de IRGM, un gène de susceptibilité à la maladie de Crohn), a été impliqué dans la réponse immunitaire contre les mycobactéries. Méthodes : Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous avons étudié la réponse immunitaire de la souris Irgm1-/- au cours d'une infection systémique par MAP. Dans la second partie, nous avons cherché à utiliser la souris Irgm1-/- pour induire des lésions histologiques après infection intra-intestinale par MAP (réalisant un modèle murin de maladie de Johne), et avons documenté la réponse de ce modèle à des traitements utilisés chez les patients atteints de maladie de Crohn. Résultats : Nous avons montré que la souris Irgm1-/- présente une susceptibilité majeure à une infection systémique par MAP, avec mortalité accélérée et réplication bactérienne incontrôlée. Nous avons identifié un défaut des macrophages Irgm1-/- à contrôler la croissance intra-cellulaire de MAP. Nous avons aussi identifié des anomalies hématologiques expliquant leur mortalité accélérée. Dans un second temps, nous avons conçu un protocole consistant en l'injection par voie chirurgicale de ~ 109 unités formant colonies (UFC) de MAP au sein de la lumière du jéjunum de souris Irgm1-/-. Nous avons observé qu'à 1 et 2 mois post-infection, nous avions induit des lésions histologiques ressemblant à celles rencontrées dans la maladie de Johne, notamment des infiltrats lympho-histiocytiques focaux et transmuraux et une lymphadénopathie mésenterique. Des souries infectées selon ce protocole ont été soumises à: 1) un traitement systémique par methylprednilosone, qui n'a pas entrainé une augmentation de la mortalité; et 2) un traitement par anticorps anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), qui n'a pas provoqué une réplication bactérienne incontrôlée. Conclusion : Les souris Irgm1-/- sont susceptibles à une infection systémique par MAP. Après inoculation par voie chirurgicale de ~ 109 UFC de MAP, elles développent des lésions histologiques stables analogues à celles de la maladie de Johne. Des traitements utilisés pour traiter la maladie de Crohn n'ont pas entrainé d'effet délétère. Des travaux supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour évaluer l'utilité de ce modèle dans les recherches sur la maladie de Johne et sur la maladie de Crohn.
Safavi-Khasraghi, Mitra. "EXPRESSION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM PARATUBERCULOSIS 19KDA WITH POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3080.
Full textM.S.
Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology
Burnett College of Biomedical Sciences
Molecular Biology and Microbiology
Millar, Douglas Spencer. "Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, mycobacteria and chronic enteritis in humans and animals." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308932.
Full textMartinho, António Pedro Alegre. "Rastreio de mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis na doença de Crohn." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/3571.
Full textO possível envolvimento de Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) na etiologia da doença de Crohn tem gerado muita controvérsia ao longo dos anos. A utilização de métodos de identificação por PCR reportou a detecção de MAP em pacientes com doença de Crohn, mas também em indivíduos sem doença. Outros estudos reportam resultados negativos para ambos os grupos. O objectivo deste trabalho foi verificar se na população de doentes estudada se encontrava uma associação entre presença de MAP e DC. Efectuou-se detecção de MAP em 29 amostras de sangue periférico: 11 amostras de pacientes com doença de Crohn e 18 amostras de indivíduos controlos. As amostras foram analisadas por desagregação das células e extracção do DNA tendo sido, de seguida, utilizada a técnica de PCR-nested para amplificação de parte da sequência de inserção IS900, específica do MAP e presente em elevado número de cópias. A análise dos produtos amplificados foi efectuada por electroforese em gel de agarose. DNA de MAP foi detectado em 9 dos 11 pacientes (82%) e 4 dos 18 controlos (22%), o que sugere uma associação entre MAP e DC na população estudada.
Little, David. "The pathology and immunology of paratuberculosis in sheep and goats." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29852.
Full textGhadiali, Alifiya H. "Studies on Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genotypic and phenotypic variations /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1110229469.
Full textDocument formatted into pages; contains xxi, 216 p. Includes bibliographical references. Abstract available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2006 March 9.