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Journal articles on the topic 'Parastic infection'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Mohammed, Wahaj M., and Mohammed Ismail Garbi. "A Prevalence Study of Intestinal Parastic Infections in Patient Attend to Elajcentre." Journal of Parasite Research 1, no. 1 (2019): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2690-6759.jpar-19-3085.

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Among 500 persons referred to laboratories for performing stool examinations samples (51.43%) were male and (48.57%) were female, all this personshad Abdominal pain and Diarrhea and 39% had a blood in their stool Among these numbers, 298 (59.6%) were positive for parasitic infections 90 (30.2%) Giardia lamblia and 208 (69.8%) Entamoeba histolytica .Also the higher infection rates were recorded in the age 10-19 the infection was (42 % Based on the reliable answers obtained from the interviewed patients or guardians using the pre-formatted questionnaires.The prevalence of intestinal protozoan ac

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Mehru Nisha, Nurul Nadiah Ab Talib, Naim Khir, Intan Sufinaz Daud, and Fabian Davamani. "Knowledge, awareness, and practice (KAP) level of parasite infection among adults in Selangor, Malaysia." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 2 (2021): 1632–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i2.4753.

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Parasites are live organism that lives in a host to obtain the nutrients for their survival. Parasitic infections are commonly as seen in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. These parasitic infections can be caused by protozoa, helminths and ectoparasites. However, the knowledge of parasitic infections could vary among the adults in urban or semi urban areas where parasitic infections are rare among them. This study was conducted to detect the level of knowledge, awareness and practice of parasite infection among adults in Selangor. The study was conducted using an online questionna

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LLOYD-SMITH, JAMES O., MARY POSS, and BRYAN T. GRENFELL. "HIV-1/parasite co-infection and the emergence of new parasite strains." Parasitology 135, no. 7 (2008): 795–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182008000292.

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SUMMARYHIV-1 and parasitic infections co-circulate in many populations, and in a few well-studied examples HIV-1 co-infection is known to amplify parasite transmission. There are indications that HIV-1 interacts significantly with many other parasitic infections within individual hosts, but the population-level impacts of co-infection are not well-characterized. Here we consider how alteration of host immune status due to HIV-1 infection may influence the emergence of novel parasite strains. We review clinical and epidemiological evidence from five parasitic diseases (malaria, leishmaniasis, s

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Belete, Yohannes Alemu, Tilahun Yemane Kassa, and Minale Fekadie Baye. "Prevalence of intestinal parasite infections and associated risk factors among patients of Jimma health center requested for stool examination, Jimma, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (2021): e0247063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247063.

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Background Intestinal parasitic infections are still a serious public health problem in poor and developing countries like Ethiopia. Local epidemiological data is crucial to design and monitor prevention and control strategies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections and associated risk factors among patients requested for stool examination at Jimma health center, Southwest, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 384 patients in Jimma health center, Southwest, Ethiopia. Stool samples were collected and examined using dire

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Al-Saeedi, Khulood Abdulmuttaleb, and Fatima Shihab Al-Nasiri. "Diagnosis of parasitic infections in vermiform appendix in patients with appendicitis in Kirkuk city, Iraq." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 24, no. 7 (2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/j.v24i7.905.

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The present study is conducted in Kirkuk city, Iraq; between July to December 2018. Within this period 197 resected appendix are examined to investigate the parasitic infections that may associated with appendicitis. Direct with concentrated methods are used in luminal content examinations. Also, histological examination of haematoxylin and eosin stained tissue sections is performed to diagnose the parasitic infections in the lumen and within the appendix tissue. The parasitic infection reported in 12.69% cases included four species, as well as a mixed infection. Entamoeba histolytica (trophoz

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Filip-Hutsch, Katarzyna, Michał Czopowicz, Agnieszka Barc, and Aleksander W. Demiaszkiewicz. "Gastrointestinal Helminths of a European Moose Population in Poland." Pathogens 10, no. 4 (2021): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040456.

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Parasitic infections have a negative impact on the fecundity and survival of wild ruminants, particularly moose; however, despite being more susceptible to parasitic diseases than other wild cervids, they remain poorly examined in this regard. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify gastrointestinal and liver helminth species of the moose population in central Europe, assess the factors contributing to infection intensities and examine their impact on moose health. Abomasum, small intestine, caecum and liver samples were collected from 46 moose in Poland and evaluated for helmi

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Ayu, Sherlina Rintik Tirta, Sri Haryati, Yulia Sari, and Sutartinah Handayani. "Relationship of Personal Hygiene and Nutritional Status to Intestinal Parasitic Infection in Simo, Boyolali." Journal of Biodiversity and Biotechnology 1, no. 1 (2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jbb.v1i1.50237.

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<p>Intestinal parasitic infections are caused by protozoa, STH and non-STH worms. Immunity, which can be determined by measuring nutritional status, and personal hygiene can affect the occurrence of intestinal parasite infections. This study aims to determine the relationship between personal hygiene and nutritional status against intestinal parasite infections in elementary school students in Simo Boyolali. This type of analytic observational research with a cross sectional approach. Total sampling was taken at elementary school of Wates, Talakbroto 1, and Kedunglengkong 1 Simo, Boyolal

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Shaw, D. J., and A. P. Dobson. "Patterns of macroparasite abundance and aggregation in wildlife populations: a quantitative review." Parasitology 111, S1 (1995): S111—S133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000075855.

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SUMMARYIn this paper we review the published literature on patterns of abundance and aggregation of macroparasites in wildlife host populations. We base this survey on quantitative analyses of mean burden and a number of measures of the degree of aggregation of parasite burdens between hosts. All major parasite and vertebrate host taxa were represented in the database. Mean parasite burden was found to be log-normally distributed, indicating that all parasite burdens are regulated to some degree. In addition, all but one of the parasitic infections were aggregated with respect to their hosts,

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Nyundo, Azan A., David Z. Munisi, and Ainory P. Gesase. "Prevalence and Correlates of Intestinal Parasites among Patients Admitted to Mirembe National Mental Health Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania." Journal of Parasitology Research 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5651717.

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Background. Neglected tropical diseases continue to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Psychiatric patients are among groups at risk for parasitic infection although control and monitoring programs largely overlook this population. This study aimed at determining prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection among patients admitted to a psychiatric facility.Method. The study followed cross-sectional design; all the residing patients that met the inclusion criteria were included in the survey. Stool samples were collected and

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Asires, Azmeraw, Moges Wubie, and Alemayehu Reta. "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Food Handlers at Prison, East and West Gojjam, Ethiopia." Advances in Medicine 2019 (January 6, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2101089.

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Introduction. One of the top ten major public health problems in developing countries including Ethiopia is the intestinal parasitic infection. Most of the time, intestinal parasitic infections do not show clinical signs and symptoms and also have a number of potential carriers, such as food handlers, which makes it too difficult to eradicate and control. Objective. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitic infection among food handlers at prison, East and West Gojjam, Ethiopia, 2017. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study des

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Gleason, Frank H., Maitreyi Nagarkar, Aurélie Chambouvet, and Laure Guillou. "A review of the characteristics of the dinoflagellate parasite Ichthyodinium chabelardi and its potential effect on fin fish populations." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 9 (2019): 1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18207.

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This paper focuses on the biology and ecological impacts of Ichthyodinium chabelardi (phylum Dinophyta, class Syndiniophyceae, order Syndiniales), a virulent endobiotic parasite of yolk sacs and young larvae of many species of marine fin fish. Its infections have been observed in warm and temperate open oceanic environments and crowded marine fish tanks. The prevalence of I. chabelardi and the range of its host fishes is not well studied, and our understanding of its life cycle is incomplete. Here, we describe what is known about I. chabelardi infections in fish and we compare this with severa

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Randall, J., J. Cable, I. A. Guschina, J. L. Harwood, and J. Lello. "Endemic infection reduces transmission potential of an epidemic parasite during co-infection." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1769 (2013): 20131500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1500.

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Endemic, low-virulence parasitic infections are common in nature. Such infections may deplete host resources, which in turn could affect the reproduction of other parasites during co-infection. We aimed to determine whether the reproduction, and therefore transmission potential, of an epidemic parasite was limited by energy costs imposed on the host by an endemic infection. Total lipids, triacylglycerols (TAG) and polar lipids were measured in cockroaches ( Blattella germanica ) that were fed ad libitum, starved or infected with an endemic parasite, Gregarina blattarum. Reproductive output of

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Benesh, Daniel P. "Tapeworm manipulation of copepod behaviour: parasite genotype has a larger effect than host genotype." Biology Letters 15, no. 9 (2019): 20190495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0495.

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Compared with uninfected individuals, infected animals can exhibit altered phenotypes. The changes often appear beneficial to parasites, leading to the notion that modified host phenotypes are extended parasite phenotypes, shaped by parasite genes. However, the phenotype of a parasitized individual may reflect parasitic manipulation, host responses to infection or both, and disentangling the contribution of parasite genes versus host genes to these altered phenotypes is challenging. Using a tapeworm ( Schistocephalus solidus ) infecting its copepod first intermediate host, I performed a full-f

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Abate, Abraraw, Biniam Kibret, Eylachew Bekalu, et al. "Cross-Sectional Study on the Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and Associated Risk Factors in Teda Health Centre, Northwest Ethiopia." ISRN Parasitology 2013 (August 12, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/757451.

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Objective. To assess the magnitude of intestinal parasitic infection and associated risk factors in Teda Health Centre, Northwest Ethiopia. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Teda Health Centre from February to April, 2011. Stool samples were collected from 410 study participants and analysed by direct wet mount and formal ether concentration techniques. Furthermore, sociodemographic data were collected by using standardized questionnaire. Result. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in this study was 62.3%. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most predominant parasi

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Spallek, Thomas, Charles W. Melnyk, Takanori Wakatake, et al. "Interspecies hormonal control of host root morphology by parasitic plants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 20 (2017): 5283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619078114.

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Parasitic plants share a common anatomical feature, the haustorium. Haustoria enable both infection and nutrient transfer, which often leads to growth penalties for host plants and yield reduction in crop species. Haustoria also reciprocally transfer substances, such as RNA and proteins, from parasite to host, but the biological relevance for such movement remains unknown. Here, we studied such interspecies transport by using the hemiparasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum during infection of Arabidopsis thaliana. Tracer experiments revealed a rapid and efficient transfer of carboxyfluoresce

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Fekadu, Sintayehu, Kefyalew Taye, Wondu Teshome, and Solomon Asnake. "Prevalence of parasitic infections in HIV-positive patients in southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 7, no. 11 (2013): 868–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.2906.

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Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infectionsare a major public health burden in tropical countries. Although all HIV/AIDS patients are susceptible to parasitic infections, those having lower immune status are at greater risk. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in patients living with HIV/AIDS. Methodology: This was a facility-based cross-sectional study. A total of 343 consecutively sampled HIV/AIDS patients from the HIV care clinic of Hawassa University Referral Hospital were included. Subjects were interviewed for demographic variables a

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Guinder, Valeria A., M. Cecilia Carcedo, Natalia Buzzi, et al. "Ephemeral parasitism on blooming diatoms in a temperate estuary." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 1 (2018): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17062.

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Parasites of phytoplankton influence phytoplankton bloom dynamics and may severely affect the type of food available for higher trophic levels. The incidence of parasitic infections generally is expected to increase across ecosystems worldwide under the scenario of global change. Herein we report on a massive parasite infection on two dominant diatoms of the austral winter bloom, namely Thalassiosira pacifica and Chaetoceros diadema, recorded during an extreme precipitation period in the Bahía Blanca Estuary, Argentina. The parasite infection was concomitant with a marked drop in water salinit

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SCHAUMBURG, F., D. HIPPE, P. VUTOVA, and C. G. K. LÜDER. "Pro- and anti-apoptotic activities of protozoan parasites." Parasitology 132, S1 (2006): S69—S85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182006000874.

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During infection, programmed cell death, i.e. apoptosis, is an important effector mechanism of innate and adaptive host responses to parasites. In addition, it fulfils essential functions in regulating host immunity and tissue homeostasis. Not surprisingly, however, adaptation of parasitic protozoa to their hosts also involves modulation or even exploitation of cell death in order to facilitate parasite survival in a hostile environment. During recent years, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of apoptosis during parasitic infections and there is now convincing evidence th

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Maru Wassie Yenene and Abayneh Unasho Gandile. "Prevalence of the common intestinal parasitic infections and predisposing factors among the asymptomatic primary school children in Finoteselam town, West Gojam Zone, Amhara region (Ethiopia)." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 2 (2020): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.2.0210.

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Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) have been still quite common in developing countries including Ethiopia, particularly in children with low socio-economic and poor living conditions. Previous studies in Ethiopia have shown high burden of intestinal parasitic infections among the primary school children. The effective prevention and control of parasitic infections require research work based on the identification of intestinal parasites including associated predisposing factors. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of common intestinal para

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Louhi, Katja-Riikka, Lotta-Riina Sundberg, Jukka Jokela, and Anssi Karvonen. "Interactions among bacterial strains and fluke genotypes shape virulence of co-infection." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1821 (2015): 20152097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2097.

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Most studies of virulence of infection focus on pairwise host–parasite interactions. However, hosts are almost universally co-infected by several parasite strains and/or genotypes of the same or different species. While theory predicts that co-infection favours more virulent parasite genotypes through intensified competition for host resources, knowledge of the effects of genotype by genotype (G × G) interactions between unrelated parasite species on virulence of co-infection is limited. Here, we tested such a relationship by challenging rainbow trout with replicated bacterial strains and fluk

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FENTON, ANDY. "Worms and germs: the population dynamic consequences of microparasite-macroparasite co-infection." Parasitology 135, no. 13 (2007): 1545–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200700025x.

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SUMMARYHosts are typically simultaneously co-infected by a variety of microparasites (e.g. viruses and bacteria) and macroparasites (e.g. parasitic helminths). However, the population dynamical consequences of such co-infections and the implications for the effectiveness of imposed control programmes have yet to be fully realised. Mathematical models may provide an important framework for exploring such issues and have proved invaluable in helping to understand the factors affecting the epidemiology of single parasitic infections. Here the first population dynamic model of microparasite-macrop

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Riaz, Muhammad, Nosheen Aslam, Rida Zainab, et al. "Prevalence, risk factors, challenges, and the currently available diagnostic tools for the determination of helminths infections in human." European Journal of Inflammation 18 (January 2020): 205873922095991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2058739220959915.

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Soil transmitted helminthes (STH) are among the major public health issues in tropical and sub-tropical countries infecting more than 2 billion humans worldwide. STH causes considerable morbidity in children, affecting their cognitive development and physical growth. Endemic areas with poor sanitation and limited access to good quality water supply have the highest burden of STH infection. Various approaches to reduce and control the worm infections include the intermittent deworming of children with anti-helminthic drugs. Individual patient management and population based studies can only be

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Sriasih, Made, Oscar Yanuarianto, Dahlanuddin Dahlanuddin, and William Ernest Pomroy. "GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITE INFECTION ON BALI CATTLE RAISED IN SEMI-INTENSIVE FARMING SYSTEM IN DOMPU, SUMBAWA ISLAND: A PRELIMINARY STUDY." International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology 6, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ijbb.2018.v06.i01.p01.

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To date, there are very few studies have been carried out on the effect of parasite infection on Bali cattle, and more importantly, there is no published data on the epidemiology of worm infections on Bali cattle in the island of Sumbawa, Indonesia. This research aimed to undertake a preliminary study on gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infection on Bali cattle raised under semi-intensive farming system in five different sites in district of Dompu, Sumbawa island. Fecal samples of 76 Bali cattle, from three farmer groups namely site number 1, 4 and 5, were collected, processed and examined unde

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Zandman-Goddard, G., and Y. Shoenfeld. "Parasitic infection and autoimmunity." Lupus 18, no. 13 (2009): 1144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203309345735.

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Systemic lupus erythematosus is the prototypic multi-system autoimmune disease characterized by the production of multiple autoantibodies. The development of disease depends on a genetic predisposition and exposure to environmental factors including UV light, drugs, and infections. The association of parasitic infection and the development of autoimmune disease in general and lupus in particular remains elusive. In this paper, we review the recent evidence for protection from autoimmunity by parasites, models of parasite-related autoimmunity, molecular mimicry, the impact of parasitic molecule

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NEJSUM, P., A. ROEPSTORFF, T. J. C. ANDERSON, C. JØRGENSEN, M. FREDHOLM, and S. M. THAMSBORG. "The dynamics of genetically markedAscaris suuminfections in pigs." Parasitology 136, no. 2 (2008): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182008005349.

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SUMMARYThe genotypes of both host and parasite may influence the outcome of parasitic infections, but few attempts have been made to quantify the effect of parasite genotype on macroparasite infections of socio-economic importance. We examined variation in particular traits during the infection in pigs with the parasitic nematodeAscaris suum. We infected 26 pigs with mixtures of equal proportions of embryonated eggs from 4 single female worms each with a unique mtDNA haplotype – the eggs from each female worm were a mixture of siblings and half-siblings. Pigs were necropsied on days 14, 17 and

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von Huth, Sebastian, Louise B. Thingholm, Poul-Erik Kofoed, et al. "Intestinal protozoan infections shape fecal bacterial microbiota in children from Guinea-Bissau." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 3 (2021): e0009232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009232.

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Intestinal parasitic infections, caused by helminths and protozoa, are globally distributed and major causes of worldwide morbidity. The gut microbiota may modulate parasite virulence and host response upon infection. The complex interplay between parasites and the gut microbiota is poorly understood, partly due to sampling difficulties in remote areas with high parasite burden. In a large study of children in Guinea-Bissau, we found high prevalence of intestinal parasites. By sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes of fecal samples stored on filter paper from a total of 1,204 children, we demonstrat

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Raj Kumari, Sanjana, Damodar Sharma, and Brajesh Jha. "Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites among Patients attending a Tertiary Care Centre in Central Nepal." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 15, no. 3 (2019): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v15i3.25209.

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Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are important public health problem and are globally endemic. These parasites are responsible for the major share of morbidity and mortality in those communities where there is overcrowding, poor environmental sanitation and personal hygienic practices. Intestinal parasitic infection is highly prevalent among the general population in Nepal. This study was aimed to evaluate the burden of the intestinal parasitic infections and the pattern of distributions among patients attending in a tertiary care setting in Bharatpur, Nepal, over a period of one ye

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Idris, Nikmah Salamia, Pramita Gayatri Dwipoerwantoro, Agnes Kurniawan, and Mardjanis Said. "Intestinal parasitic infection of immunocompromised children with diarrhoea: clinical profile and therapeutic response." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 4, no. 05 (2010): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.275.

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Background: Parasitic gastrointestinal infections have been variably reported among immunocompromised adults while data on children have been limited. This prospective cross-sectional study aimed to assess the clinical profile of intestinal parasitic infections among immunocompromised children with diarrhoea and their treatment response. Methodology: Two freshly voided stool samples taken for two consecutive days were examined by direct and formalin-ether concentrated smears. Modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining was used to detect Cryptosporidium, Isospora belli, and Cyclospora cayetanensis. Blasto

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Kumar, Sarvepalli Vijaya, and Krishnan Ramalingam. "Intestinal parasitic infections and prevalence of anaemia among tribal school going children: a one year study." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 5 (2019): 1893. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20193601.

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Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are one of the neglected tropical diseases listed by world health organization. Parasitic infections among school going tribal children cause significant anaemia and malnutrition. Our study mainly focused on estimating the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and focused on iron deficiency anaemia among the tribal school going children.Methods: A prospective study for one year was conducted at a tertiary care hospital and study group was tribal children from hostels and schools. Ethical committee approval was obtained and study included coll

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Dunham, N. R., S. T. Peper, C. Downing, E. Brake, D. Rollins, and R. J. Kendall. "Infection levels of the eyeworm Oxyspirura petrowi and caecal worm Aulonocephalus pennula in the northern bobwhite and scaled quail from the Rolling Plains of Texas." Journal of Helminthology 91, no. 5 (2016): 569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x16000663.

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AbstractNorthern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) have experienced chronic declines within the Rolling Plains ecoregion of Texas. Parasitic infection, which has long been dismissed as a problem in quail, has not been studied thoroughly until recently. A total of 219 northern bobwhite and 101 scaled quail from Mitchell County, Texas were captured and donated from 2014 to 2015, and examined for eyeworm (Oxyspirura petrowi) and caecal worm (Aulonocephalus pennula) infections. In 2014, bobwhites averaged 19.6 ± 1.8 eyeworms and 98.6 ± 8.2 caecal worms, and 23.5

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Agboli, E., S. C. K. Tay, C. Obirikorang, and E. Y. Aidoo. "Malaria and intestinal parasites in pregnant and non-pregnant women: a comparative study at the University Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana." Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences 4, no. 3 (2016): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jmbs.v4i3.5.

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In sub-Sahara African countries, both malaria and intestinal helminth infections are endemic and co-infection commonly occurs. It is estimated that over a third of the world’s population, mainly in the tropics and sub-tropics are infected with parasitic helminths and Plasmodium species thus often leading to co-infections. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of malaria and intestinal parasites in a sample of 760 study participants comprising 380 pregnant women and 380 non-pregnant women attending the University Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana. Blood and stool samples wer

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Childs, Lauren M., and Caroline O. Buckee. "Dissecting the determinants of malaria chronicity: why within-host models struggle to reproduce infection dynamics." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 104 (2015): 20141379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.1379.

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The duration of infection is fundamental to the epidemiological behaviour of any infectious disease, but remains one of the most poorly understood aspects of malaria. In endemic areas, the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum can cause both acute, severe infections and asymptomatic, chronic infections through its interaction with the host immune system. Frequent superinfection and massive parasite genetic diversity make it extremely difficult to accurately measure the distribution of infection lengths, complicating the estimation of basic epidemiological parameters and the prediction of the

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Peña, Jennifer M., Mayra A. Carrillo, and Elissa A. Hallem. "Variation in the Susceptibility of Drosophila to Different Entomopathogenic Nematodes." Infection and Immunity 83, no. 3 (2015): 1130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.02740-14.

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Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the generaHeterorhabditisandSteinernemaare lethal parasites of insects that are of interest as models for understanding parasite-host interactions and as biocontrol agents for insect pests. EPNs harbor a bacterial endosymbiont in their gut that assists in insect killing. EPNs are capable of infecting and killing a wide range of insects, yet how the nematodes and their bacterial endosymbionts interact with the insect immune system is poorly understood. Here, we develop a versatile model system for understanding the insect immune response to parasitic nematod

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Milijasevic, Tanja. "Life cycle of the pathogenic fungus Sphaeropsis sapinea Dyko & Sutton." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 88 (2003): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0388141m.

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The study of the parasitic fungus Sphaeropsis sapinea life cycle shows that the conidia disseminate most massively during the period April-May, i. e. during the critical time of infection, but also during the period June-August. Infection can occur through the buds in the spring, before their flushing, but also in the summer of the year of their development. Infection occurs most frequently through the bark of the young shoots, because of which they die while needle infections mostly lead to the so-called localized infections. Both male and female flowers can be infected, as well as the curren

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Blackie, Seth. "A Review of the Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematode Infections in Sheep and Goats in Ghana." Journal of Agricultural Science 6, no. 4 (2014): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v6n4p109.

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In this paper, the gastrointestinal nematode parasites infecting small ruminants (sheep and goats) in Ghana and the epidemiological factors influencing their prevalence are reviewed and discussed. Twelve nematode species belonging to six families have been reported to infect these livestock in the country with Haemonchus contortus being the most prevalent helminth parasite in both animals. Parasitic gastroenteritis is caused by mixed infection of several nematode species. Management /husbandry practices, climate and host influence are found to be the main factors that affect gastrointestinal n

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Adogo, L. Y., H. D. Yakubu, and J. I. Maikenti. "Parasites on Vegetables Sold at Masaka Market, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 42, no. 1 (2021): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v42i1.16.

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The consumption of fresh vegetables serves as source of important nutrients in the body; however, parasitic infection from the consumption of raw fruits and vegetables is on the increase. This study aimed at identifying the parasitic contamination of Vegetables sold at Masaka market New Karu, Nasarawa State. A total of 240 samples of vegetables were examined by sedimentation concentration after washing using normal saline. The overall prevalence of parasitic contamination was 52.5%. Fluted pumpkin (93.3%) was the most contaminated vegetable while cucumber and apple (16.7%) were the least conta

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Morgan, Douglas R., Matthew Benshoff, Mercedes Cáceres, et al. "Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Gastrointestinal Parasite Infection in a Developing Nation Environment." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/343812.

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Postinfectious IBS is defined in the industrialized world as IBS onset following a sentinel gastrointestinal infection. In developing nations, where repeated bacterial and parasitic gastrointestinal infections are common, the IBS pathophysiology may be altered. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between intestinal parasite infection and IBS in the “nonsterile” developing world environment. IBS subjects were identified from a population-based sample of 1624 participants using the Rome II Modular Questionnaire. Stool samples from cases and randomly selected controls were examined for ov

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Abaka-Yawson, Albert, Solomon Quarshie Sosu, Precious Kwablah Kwadzokpui, Salomey Afari, Samuel Adusei, and John Arko-Mensah. "Prevalence and Determinants of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Pregnant Women Receiving Antenatal Care in Kasoa Polyclinic, Ghana." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (September 8, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9315025.

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Background. Intestinal parasitic infections affect pregnant women worldwide. The infection has been implicated in causing life-threatening conditions in both gravid women and their developing foetus. Sub-Saharan Africa is known to harbor the greatest proportion of intestinal parasitic infections largely due to socioeconomic and environmental factors. In Kasoa, Southern Ghana, there is paucity of data on the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitic infections among pregnant women. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections

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Kobbekaduwa, Vishvapali, Caroline Fillieux, Ashan Thududgala, R. P. V. Jayantha Rajapakse, and Rupika Subashini Rajakaruna. "First record of tapeworm Moniezia (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) infections in Leopards: Coprological survey of gastrointestinal parasites of wild and captive cats in Sri Lanka." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 3 (2017): 9956. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2926.9.3.9956-9961.

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Sri Lanka is home to four species of wildcats: Leopard, Fishing Cat, Rusty-spotted Cat and Jungle Cat. All four, except the Jungle Cat, are listed threatened. A coprological survey was carried out in 2014 to determine the gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of wild and captive cats in Sri Lanka. Parasite eggs and cysts were isolated and morphologically identified using iodine smears and a modified salt flotation. The intensity of infection was quantified using a McMaster counting technique. A total of 45 fecal samples were analyzed. Except for the six captive Rusty-spotted Cats, all cats were infe

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Al-Abd, Nazeh, Talal Alharazi, and Omar A. A. Bamaga. "CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTIONS AMONG DISPLACED PERSONS IN YEMEN." Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Basic and Applied Sciences 2, no. 1 (2021): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47372/ejua-ba.2021.1.88.

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Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are considered major health concerns in developing countries especially among economically disadvantaged communities. Currently, there is a lack of information on the prevalence of IPIs among internally displaced persons in Yemen. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of IPIs among internally displaced person in Saber camp, Lahaj governorate, Yemen during May- November 2019. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among internally displaced person from the Saber camp. samples of fresh stool were collected from the particip

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Bakhraibah, Areej O. "A Comparison Study Between External Parasites that Infect Scarus Fish (Osteichthyes) and Carcharhinus melanopterus Fish (Chondrichthyes) in Red Sea Coast of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 15, no. 4 (2018): 881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2698.

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The type of hosts that parasites choose is an interesting topic of study. The harmful diseases that infect marine animals are mostly known to be parasitic, such as monogeneans, Copepods and Isopods infections. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the parasitic infections of shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus) and of Scarus fish in the Red Sea located in Jeddah City of Saudi Arabia. For this purpose, 33 Carcharhinus melanopterus and 30 Scarus fish were examined for ectoparasites using wet mount under a light microscope. Collected parasites were identified as, monogenea (Dactylogyrus

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Motomura, Yasuaki, Waliul I. Khan, Rami T. El-Sharkawy, Monica Verma-Gandhu, Richard K. Grencis, and Stephen M. Collins. "Mechanisms underlying gut dysfunction in a murine model of chronic parasitic infection." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 299, no. 6 (2010): G1354—G1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00324.2010.

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common in countries where chronic parasitic infestations are endemic. However, the relationship between parasitic infection and IBS is not clear. The aim of this study was to examine whether chronic parasitic infection is accompanied by gut dysfunction and whether the continued presence of the parasite is required for the maintenance of the dysfunction. We used chronic Trichuris muris infection in Th1-biased susceptible AKR mice to evaluate this relationship. AKR mice were infected with T. muris and were euthanized on various days postinfection (pi) to examine

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Duneau, David, and Dieter Ebert. "The role of moulting in parasite defence." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1740 (2012): 3049–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.0407.

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Parasitic infections consist of a succession of steps during which hosts and parasites interact in specific manners. At each step, hosts can use diverse defence mechanisms to counteract the parasite's attempts to invade and exploit them. Of these steps, the penetration of parasites into the host is a key step for a successful infection and the epithelium is the first line of host defence. The shedding of this protective layer (moulting) is a crucial feature in the life cycle of several invertebrate and vertebrate taxa, and is generally considered to make hosts vulnerable to parasites and preda

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PULLAN, R., and S. BROOKER. "The health impact of polyparasitism in humans: are we under-estimating the burden of parasitic diseases?" Parasitology 135, no. 7 (2008): 783–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182008000346.

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SUMMARYParasitic infections are widespread throughout the tropics and sub-tropics, and infection with multiple parasite species is the norm rather than the exception. Despite the ubiquity of polyparasitism, its public health significance has been inadequately studied. Here we review available studies investigating the nutritional and pathological consequences of multiple infections with Plasmodium and helminth infection and, in doing so, encourage a reassessment of the disease burden caused by polyparasitism. The available evidence is conspicuously sparse but is suggestive that multiple human

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BOURKE, C. D., R. M. MAIZELS, and F. MUTAPI. "Acquired immune heterogeneity and its sources in human helminth infection." Parasitology 138, no. 2 (2010): 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182010001216.

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SUMMARYSimilarities in the immunobiology of different parasitic worm infections indicate that co-evolution of humans and helminths has shaped a common anti-helminth immune response. However, recentin vitroand immuno-epidemiological studies highlight fundamental differences and plasticity within host-helminth interactions. The ‘trade-off’ between immunity and immunopathology inherent in host immune responses occurs on a background of genetic polymorphism, variable exposure patterns and infection history. For the parasite, variation in life-cycle and antigen expression can influence the effector

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Ramadan, Manar, and Nagwa El-Sayed. "The Impact of Intestinal Parasitic Infections on the Health Status of Children: An Overview." Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases 12, no. 04 (2017): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1603576.

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AbstractIntestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) represent a major public health problem in children worldwide, especially in the developing countries. The impact of these infections on the health status of children depends on the parasite species, the intensity and course of infection, and nutritional and immunological status of the children. Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum, Enterobius vermicularis, Hymenolepis nana, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Ancylostoma duodenale are the most frequent intestinal parasites found among children. This review discussed the main conse

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Woolhouse, Mark E. J., Samuel M. Thumbi, Amy Jennings, et al. "Co-infections determine patterns of mortality in a population exposed to parasite infection." Science Advances 1, no. 2 (2015): e1400026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400026.

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Many individual hosts are infected with multiple parasite species, and this may increase or decrease the pathogenicity of the infections. This phenomenon is termed heterologous reactivity and is potentially an important determinant of both patterns of morbidity and mortality and of the impact of disease control measures at the population level. Using infections withTheileria parva(a tick-borne protozoan, related toPlasmodium) in indigenous African cattle [where it causes East Coast fever (ECF)] as a model system, we obtain the first quantitative estimate of the effects of heterologous reactivi

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El-Ashram, Saeed, Shawky M. Aboelhadid, Asmaa A. Kamel, Lilian N. Mahrous, and Khatib H. Abdelwahab. "Diversity of Parasitic Diarrhea Associated with Buxtonella Sulcata in Cattle and Buffalo Calves with Control of Buxtonellosis." Animals 9, no. 5 (2019): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9050259.

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The association between parasite isolates, including Buxtonella sulcata, in suckling and post-weaning calves and diarrhea was studied with the aim to control diarrhea caused by B. sulcata. A total of 1100 diarrheic fecal samples were collected from 609 suckling calves and 491 post-weaning calves with diarrhea. Salt floatation and modified Ziehl–Neelsen techniques were applied for the microscopic examination of the presence or absence of parasite eggs and oocysts/cysts. The microscopic findings revealed that 20.36% of the calves had parasitic diarrhea, with a prevalence rate of 19.54% in suckli

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Adhikari, Srijana. "Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and Associated Risk Factors in Chepang Community of Saktikhor Area, Chitwan, Nepal." National Journal of Health Sciences 5, no. 4 (2021): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21089/njhs.54.0150.

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Abstract: Objective: Pathogenic species of protozoa and helminth cause intestinal parasitosis, which continues to be a significant community well-being issue in many regions of the world, especially in pastoral regions of developing countries like Nepal. The study focused on determining the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and the associated risk factors among the people of the Chepang community of the Saktikhor area in the Chitwan district. Materials and Methods: A transversal study was conducted between May 2017 and October 2017, with a total of 125 participants. The fecal sampl

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Salazar-Castañon, Víctor H., Martha Legorreta-Herrera, and Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa. "Helminth Parasites Alter Protection againstPlasmodiumInfection." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/913696.

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More than one-third of the world’s population is infected with one or more helminthic parasites. Helminth infections are prevalent throughout tropical and subtropical regions where malaria pathogens are transmitted. Malaria is the most widespread and deadliest parasitic disease. The severity of the disease is strongly related to parasite density and the host’s immune responses. Furthermore, coinfections between both parasites occur frequently. However, little is known regarding how concomitant infection with helminths andPlasmodiumaffects the host’s immune response. Helminthic infections are f

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