Journal articles on the topic 'Parasitic component'
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Vasjanov, Aleksandr, and Vaidotas Barzdenas. "A Methodology Improving Off-Chip, Lumped RF Impedance Matching Network Response Accuracy." Electronics 7, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7090188.
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Impedance matching is concurrent with any radio frequency (RF) circuit design and is essential for maximizing the gain and efficiency while minimizing the noise of high-frequency amplifiers as well as some mixer topologies. The main impedance matching network components are capacitors, inductors, and RF transformers all of which contain parasitic parameters that influence the matching response S11 curve. After calculating matching network component values using classical matching techniques, the measured and simulated response curves differ depending on the target frequency. This results in multiple calculations and measurement cycles in order to precisely match the source and load at the desired frequency. This article proposes an algorithm and methodology of estimating component parasitic parameters and taking them into account when calculating the main component parameters (capacitance and inductance). The proposed algorithm has been implemented as a toolbox in Cadence Virtuoso and verified through simulation and measurements. Measurement results show, that at 500 MHz 10% tolerance components with parasitics included and values based on classical theory provide a 3.2–9.8% offset from the target frequency. In the same conditions, matching networks with compensated (according to the proposed algorithm) values provide 0.1–8.8% target frequency offset. At 1500 MHz 10% components provided 4–12.3% (non-compensated) and 1–8.7% (compensated) target frequency offset ranges. At 3000 MHz. The frequency offset range of using compensated matching network component values is reduced from 5.5–15.1% to 1.3–8.1%.
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Tritten, Lucienne, Cristina Ballesteros, Robin Beech, Timothy G. Geary, and Yovany Moreno. "Mining nematode protein secretomes to explain lifestyle and host specificity." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 9 (September 29, 2021): e0009828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009828.
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Parasitic nematodes are highly successful pathogens, inflicting disease on humans, animals and plants. Despite great differences in their life cycles, host preference and transmission modes, these parasites share a common capacity to manipulate their host’s immune system. This is at least partly achieved through the release of excretory/secretory proteins, the most well-characterized component of nematode secretomes, that are comprised of functionally diverse molecules. In this work, we analyzed published protein secretomes of parasitic nematodes to identify common patterns as well as species-specific traits. The 20 selected organisms span 4 nematode clades, including plant pathogens, animal parasites, and the free-living species Caenorhabditis elegans. Transthyretin-like proteins were the only component common to all adult secretomes; many other protein classes overlapped across multiple datasets. The glycolytic enzymes aldolase and enolase were present in all parasitic species, but missing from C. elegans. Secretomes from larval stages showed less overlap between species. Although comparison of secretome composition across species and life-cycle stages is challenged by the use of different methods and depths of sequencing among studies, our workflow enabled the identification of conserved protein families and pinpointed elements that may have evolved as to enable parasitism. This strategy, extended to more secretomes, may be exploited to prioritize therapeutic targets in the future.
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Lee, Hyeonjin, and Tae-Hong Kim. "Wideband Square Loop Antenna with Parasitic Loop Component." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 55, no. 10 (July 26, 2013): 2302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.27826.
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Fadeeva, Galina Anatolievna, and Elena Evgenievna Boryakova. "Assessment of the stability of bat ectoparasite communities using a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method." Samara Journal of Science 8, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201981121.
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The paper deals with a research of epiparasite communities in native karst caves in the South of Nizhny Novgorod Region. Six species of bats such as Daubentons water bat, Brandts bat, whiskered bat, pond bat, northern bat and long-eared bat were examined. A Principal Component Analysis was used to identify factors influencing the composition of ectoparasites as well as the number and distribution of mites in mixed colonies of bats. As the cave and its inhabitants can be considered as a microbiotope, it is obvious that there are specific relations between inhabitants in caves. Special habitat conditions indirectly influence the parasitic systems developing there which are characterized by certain stability. Mann-Whitney U-test was used to estimate the difference between samples of animals from different habitats. Methods of nonparametric statistics didnt find significant distinctions by the hosts, years and biotopes, the bat colony and their ectoparasites can be estimated as a single complexly organized system, existing long in space and time. From all possible factorial space four factors have significant effect on systems. The contribution of the first and second factors is equal to 65% of variance (specificity of parasites to hosts and a factor of dominant species presence). In parasite communities of bats interrelations which cause successful existence of all types without the expressed competition are observed. Our results indicate a complex relationship between the parasites in the community on the one hand, and long-term existence of the community on the other hand. Each member of parasitic system has a position in factorial space. In parasite communities of bats we met only one factor-dependent species ( Spinturnix acuminatus, Sp. plecotinus, Leptotrombidium russicum ). Species that show moderate and positive, moderate and negative correlation dependence with several factors are found. For example, Spinturnix myoti , Sp. kolenatii , Macronyssus heteromorphus , etc. Heterogeneity of environmental impact on the parasitic systems which are formed in natural caves provides stability of bat parasite communities in general.
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Short, Erica E., Cyril Caminade, and Bolaji N. Thomas. "Climate Change Contribution to the Emergence or Re-Emergence of Parasitic Diseases." Infectious Diseases: Research and Treatment 10 (January 1, 2017): 117863361773229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178633617732296.
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The connection between our environment and parasitic diseases may not always be straightforward, but it exists nonetheless. This article highlights how climate as a component of our environment, or more specifically climate change, has the capability to drive parasitic disease incidence and prevalence worldwide. There are both direct and indirect implications of climate change on the scope and distribution of parasitic organisms and their associated vectors and host species. We aim to encompass a large body of literature to demonstrate how a changing climate will perpetuate, or perhaps exacerbate, public health issues and economic stagnation due to parasitic diseases. The diseases examined include those caused by ingested protozoa and soil helminths, malaria, lymphatic filariasis, Chagas disease, human African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, babesiosis, schistosomiasis, and echinococcus, as well as parasites affecting livestock. It is our goal to impress on the scientific community the magnitude a changing climate can have on public health in relation to parasitic disease burden. Once impending climate changes are now upon us, and as we see these events unfold, it is critical to create management plans that will protect the health and quality of life of the people living in the communities that will be significantly affected.
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Kwon, Hyuk Min, Sung Kyu Kwon, Woon Il Choi, Seung Yong Sung, Jong Kwan Shin, Chang Yong Kang, Raj Jammy, and Hi Deok Lee. "RF Characteristics of SiO2/HfO2/SiO2 MIM Capacitor." Advanced Materials Research 658 (January 2013): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.658.112.
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RF characteristics of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors with SiO2/HfO2/SiO2 (SHS) were investigated using an equivalent circuit model that is associated with the main impedance ZMIM.cap and the substrate-related conductance Ysub. However, the parasitic capacitance in Ysub was lower than that of another element component in ZMIM.cap, which makes difficult for accurate RF modeling because the parasitic component was dominant at high frequency regions. As low parasitic component is eliminated from the modeling, the extracted capacitance for SHS MIM capacitor was stable up to 20 GHz. The Q-factor and resonant frequency (fr) point of SHS structure are 23.9 at 1 GHz and 9.76 GHz, respectively.
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Betantya Nugroho, Azli Yahya, Abd Rahim Mat Sidek, and Trias Andromeda. "MATLAB Modeling of Component in Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) Pulses." Media Journal of General Computer Science 1, no. 1 (December 9, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.62205/mjgcs.v1i1.6.
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Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM), is a machining technique for working with conductive materials. During the EDM process, electrical discharge energy is transformed into thermal energy, leading to the erosion of the workpiece. The energy utilized by the EDM process is represented by the time-dependent current, which determines the energy density employed for workpiece erosion. Ideally, during a discharge event, the current pulse should exhibit a square wave shape. However, in practice, EDM circuits often incorporate parasitic components that lead to non-square waveforms or transient currents. In this paper, we describe the simulation of parasitic components using MATLAB, revealing that these components alter the signal waveform and affect the achievement of a square pulse wave in MRR. The presence of parasitic components results in transient current patterns during the discharge phase and, consequently, a reduction in MRR. The implementation of a square wave current, however, enhances the MRR value and increases the efficiency of the EDM process
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Polyaeva, Kseniya Viktorovna, Gennady Nikolaevich Dorovskikh, and Yuliya Konstantinovna Chugunova. "Species composition and structure of parasites component communities of tugun Coregonus tugun (Pallas, 1814) from the Khatanga and Yenisei Rivers." Samara Journal of Science 8, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201983112.
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Tugun Coregonus tugun (Pallas, 1814) is an endemic of Siberia. Information about the species composition and structure of tugun parasite community on the stage of spawning migration is described in this paper. We carried out ichtioparasitologic studies in the Yenisey and the Khatanga Rivers in 2011-2014. Tugun parasite complex from the Khatanga River remains statistically identical in species composition, number of individuals and biomass and differs from those of the Yeniseis tugun over the entire study period. Apparently two different stocks of tugun were investigated in the Yenisei River. One of them lives in the Yeniseis streambed, the other one lives in the Podkamennaya Tunguska River. The composition of the parasitic fauna of tugun from two rivers is formed by generalist species. Tugun parasites component communities from all material collection stations have high values of the Shannon index and two dominant species (by numbers of parasites and by biomass). We found out that the species biomasses differ significantly on the graphic community structure. The description of tugun parasite communities corresponds to characteristic of a climax community on the stage of destruction except the graphic structure. In the analyzed parasitic communities the processes of egg laying and larval appearance, the death of parasites of previous year generation and infection with this year parasites occur simultaneously. The stages of formation and destruction of the community overlap. The described state of tugun parasites communities has an adaptive value. The load on the host body is reduced which ensures the long-term existence of parasites.
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Maruszewska-Cheruiyot, Marta, Katarzyna Donskow-Łysoniewska, and Maria Doligalska. "Helminth therapy – local and systemic activity, on example of inflammatory bowel diseases and multiple sclerosis." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 73 (December 2, 2019): 645–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6092.
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Autoimmunological diseases are an increasing problem nowadays in societies. Due to complex etiology, effective therapy against immune disorders is still needed. A promising alternative for the current methods of treatment can be helminthic therapy. Series of tests on animal models as well as clinical studies indicates that parasitic infection can inhibit inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases and multiple sclerosis. Effectiveness of therapy with helminths, mainly gut nematodes depends on the activity of many compounds released during infection. Despite hopeful results, mechanisms activated by nematodes aren’t explained yet, besides, therapeutically use of live parasites is controversial. Most of studies are focused on searching parasitic factors. The use of this compound in autoimmunological diseases could be an alternative for current medicaments. The aim of current study is summarizing and discussing helminth therapy of autoimmunological disorder on multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel diseases examples as well as using parasitic compounds as a potential pharmaceutical component.
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Lassois, Ludivine, M. Haïssam Jijakli, Marc Chillet, and Luc de Lapeyre de Bellaire. "Crown Rot of Bananas: Preharvest Factors Involved in Postharvest Disease Development and Integrated Control Methods." Plant Disease 94, no. 6 (June 2010): 648–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-6-0648.
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Crown rot is a complex disease that affects export bananas in all banana-producing countries. Usually invisible when the fruits are packed for transportation from tropical countries to distant destinations, disease symptoms occur during shipment, ripening, and storage. This disease, characterized by rot and necrosis, affects tissues joining the fingers with each other, called the crown. It may reach the pedicel and even the banana pulp when crown rot is severe. Losses from 10 to 86% have been recorded for treated and untreated bananas, respectively. In this paper, we summarize the current knowledge on crown rot disease and associated control measures that must be considered throughout the production channel in order to be effective. We suggest a new approach to this postharvest disease of bananas: that of considering fruit quality potential in the field. This new concept of preharvest quality potential is a key factor to understanding crown rot development. Fruit quality potential depends on both a physiological and a parasitic component, both of which depend on agrotechnic and pedoclimatic factors of the crop production area. The physiological component is defined as the sensitivity of the fruits to crown rot, and the parasitic component reflects the capacity of the parasitic complex to induce a level of disease. The content of this review is divided into two parts. First, the fruit quality potential at field level is addressed, with special emphasis on its physiological and parasitic components. Second, the control methods are examined at different steps of the channel, in order to give an overview of a possible integrated control strategy.
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Soundarya, Venkatachalam, and Natchimuthu Karmegam. "Pharmacological activities of parasitic plants of Loranthaceae – A review." International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology 10, no. 3 (March 6, 2023): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcrbp.2023.1003.002.
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Medicinal plants are the part of human Society to combat many disorders. The plant derived drugs and other herbal therapeutics are widely used against several malfunctions. Other than medicinal herbs, mistletoe–hemi parasitic plants are also used to treat many diseases. Usually, mistletoe family is recognized based on their host plants. Loranthaceae, the largest family in the order Santalales with 76 genera and more than 1,100 species. Most of the Loranthaceae family members are aerial parasites. Family comprises of 10 genera and 60 species which are found in India. It has been scientifically established that every part of these plants has medicinal properties (flower, stem, leaf, fruits, seed and whole plants). Only a few species are having potential traditional medicinal values and extensively used in several medicinal systems. Dendrophthoe falcata holds the major part in this taxon. This species shows traditional medicinal values in Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine and other systems of natural medicine widely. There are many biologically active components present in the parasitic plants, flavonoid, quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, tannins, β- sitosterol, stigmasterol, β- amyrin and oleanolic acid. Dendrophthoe falcata was rich in flavonoids and quercetin and the major components are reportedly present in the leaves. Quercitrin (quercetin 3-0-α- rhamnoside) has been separately isolated as a major component from the ethanolic extract of Dendrophthoe falcata leaves and this quercitrin phytochemical is highly responsible for antioxidative potency. Nanoparticles phytosynthesized from these plants are also studied for their pharmacological activities. It has been revealed that the medicinal properties of mistletoes based on host plants are scanty.
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KAZIMIERCZUK, MARIAN K., and ROBERT CRAVENS. "OPEN- AND CLOSED-LOOP DC AND SMALL-SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PWM BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER FOR CCM." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 05, no. 03 (September 1995): 261–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126695000187.
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DC and small-signal circuit models of the PWM buck-boost converter for the continuous conduction mode (CCM) are derived. The models take into account parasitic components, such as the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the filter capacitor, the ESR of the inductor, the transistor on-resistance, and the diode forward resistance and offset voltage. The component values and the parasitics were measured for a prototype converter. The dc voltage transfer function and the efficiency of the converter are derived from the dc model. Small-signal open-loop transfer functions are derived from the small-signal model. The derivation of the transfer function for an integral-lead controller with the loading effect of the voltage divider network in the feedback loop is given. Small-signal closed-loop transfer functions are derived. Bode plots are given for various transfer functions of the converter.
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Morris, N., J. Davies, M. Leighton, PD King, and H. Rahnejat. "Oil film separation and drag torque in disengaged wet brakes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 1 (April 24, 2019): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019844358.
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Multi-disc wet brake packs are commonly used for off-highway applications. Unfortunately, when disengaged, these components can generate significant levels of unwanted parasitic losses. This article presents a novel, validated model to predict the parasitic losses in disengaged multi-disc wet brake packs. The model employs pertinent boundary conditions to determine the position of the free boundary created by oil film separation. The experimental and analytical results demonstrate the significance of wet disengaged brake losses at a range of angular velocities, typically found in operation. The improved understanding accrued by the expounded time-efficient methodology presents significant opportunity to develop predictive tools for the whole driveline system efficiency calculations and component design optimisation for off-highway vehicles.
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Kwon, Jaean, and Rae-Young Kim. "High Power Density, High-Voltage Parallel Resonant Converter Using Parasitic Capacitance on the Secondary Side of a Transformer." Electronics 10, no. 14 (July 19, 2021): 1736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141736.
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High-voltage DC power supplies are used in several applications, including X-ray, plasma, electrostatic precipitator, and capacitor charging. However, such a high-voltage power supply has problems, such as a decrease in reliability, owing to an increase in output ripple voltage, and a decrease in power density, owing to an increase in volume. Therefore, this study proposes a method for improving the power density of a parallel resonant converter using the parasitic capacitor of the secondary side of the transformer. Due to the fact that high-voltage power supplies have many turns on the secondary side, a significant number of parasitic capacitors are generated. In addition, in the case of a parallel resonant converter, because the transformer and the primary resonant capacitor are connected in parallel, the parasitic capacitor component generated on the secondary side of the transformer can be equalized and used. A parallel cap-less resonant converter structure developed using the parasitic components of such transformers is proposed. Primary side and secondary side equivalent model analyses are conducted in order to derive new equations and gain waveforms. Finally, the validity of the proposed structure is verified experimentally.
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MADIAWATI, HANNY, RIDWAN RAHMANSYAH, and ASEP BARNAS SIMANJUNTAK. "Antena Mikrostrip Multilayer Parasitik pada Frekuensi C Band Radar Cuaca." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 11, no. 4 (October 24, 2023): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v11i4.933.
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ABSTRAKRadio Detection and Ranging (RADAR) merupakan teknologi yang berfungsi untuk mendeteksi, mengukur jarak dan memetakan objek. Salah satu jenis sistem radar adalah sistem radar cuaca yang mempunyai frekuensi C band dengan rentang 5.250 – 5.725 GHz. Komponen utama dalam sistem radar adalah antena. Antena mikrostrip memiliki ukuran kecil, tipis dan mudah diintegrasikan. Namun memiliki masalah bandwidth yang rendah yaitu sebesar 3-5%. Untuk meningkatkan bandwidth antena mikrostrip ini digunakan metode multilayer parasitik. Pada penelitian ini berhasil diperoleh peningkatan bandwidth pada hasil simulasi sebesar 7.1%. Sedangkan setelah realisasi diperoleh peningkatan bandwidth sebesar 39.6%. Pada hasil realisasi antena mikrostrip multilayer parasitik pada frekuensi C band radar cuaca diperoleh hasil pengukuran band frekuensi 5.187 – 5.912 GHz, bandwidth 725.8 MHz, gain 6.99 dB dan pola radiasi unidireksional.Kata kunci: Antena Mikrostrip, C Band, Multilayer, Parasitik, Radar Cuaca ABSTRACTRadio Detection and Ranging (RADAR) is a technology that functions to detect, measure distance and map objects. One type of radar system is a weather radar system that has a C band frequency with a range of 5,250 - 5,725 GHz. The main component in a radar system is the antenna. Microstrip antennas are small, thin and easy to integrate. However, it has a low bandwidth problem of 3-5%. To increase the bandwidth of this microstrip antenna, the parasitic multilayer method is used. In this study, an increase in bandwidth was successfully obtained in simulation results of 7.1%. Meanwhile, after realization, an increase in bandwidth of 39.6% was obtained. In the realization of the parasitic multilayer microstrip antenna at the C band frequency of the weather radar, the measurement results of the frequency band 5.187 - 5.912 GHz, bandwidth 725.8 MHz, gain 6.99 dB and unidirectional radiation pattern were obtained.Keywords: Microstrip Antenna, C Band, Multilayer, Parasitic, Weather Radar
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Bieliaieva, Olena M., Valentyna Н. Synytsia, Olena V. Myronyk, Yuliia V. Lysanets, Iryna M. Solohor, Halyna Yu Morokhovets, and Svitlana M. Efendiieva. "COGNITIVE AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LATIN TERMS FOR INFECTIOUS AND INVASIVE DISEASES WITH A ZOOMORPHIC COMPONENT." Wiadomości Lekarskie 75, no. 2 (2022): 520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202202135.
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The aim was to analyze the morphological, structural and lexico-semantic presentation of the Latin terms denoting the infectious and parasitic diseases, part of which is a zoonymic component. Materials and methods: The presentation sample was made by the method of continuous sampling based on textbooks, manuals, including the three-volume edition “Infectious and parasitic diseases”, and a number of modern dictionaries. Structural, semantic and descriptive methods were used to address the aim of the research. Results: Monolexemic composites with a zoomorphic component are formed in a suffixal way. In multi-word phrases, syntactic constructions of mixed type, are usually used and they are characterized by the combination of words of Greek and Latin origin, but these formations are few. The eponymous and toponymic formations to denote specific nosological forms in helminthology are not typical. The data on the first contribution of a researcher to the description of the disease in the name of the term is not displayed, preference is still given to the name of the pathogen, rather than the name of the researcher. The prefix-suffix-based method of formation of terms denoting infectious and parasitic diseases with a zoonymic component is observed sporadically. Conclusions: The comparison of the above-analyzed terms with the corresponding terminological units of the English medical terminology indicates the predominant use of Latin terminological units. In contrast to many clinical terms with a zoomorphic component, where certain associative moments are taken into account.
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Liang, Zhen Guang, and Xue Gu. "Waveform Analysis of a Transmission Line Pulse Generator by Use of Wavelet Transform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 1166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.1166.
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With good repeatability and simple structure, transmission line pulse (TLP) has been used in immunity test of integrated circuit and printed circuit board. A TLP generator is first manufactured and its output waveform is presented. By using wavelet transform, the waveform is denoised and discriminated to components inherent to system function and parasitic parameters. Frequency spectrum changed with time is also obtained by continuous wavelet transform of complex morlet. Decomposed damping oscillation component and high frequency component in instant frequency spectrum show influence of inductance in circuit on the waveform. Improvement of rising time and overshoot is achieved by change of probe connection with shorter grounding line.
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Kovalenko, S. "Distribution and features of сhorioptosis of cattle as part of mixinvasions in farms of Poltava region." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 23, no. 104 (December 23, 2021): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet10420.
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Among ectoparasites that infect cattle, parasitic arthropods are the most common pathogens. These include acariform mites of the Chorioptes Bovis, which cause сhorioptosis in ruminants. Parasitization of these permanent ectoparasites leads to significant losses in livestock due to reduced volumes and quality of industrial products. The study aimed to study the degree of infestation of cattle of different ages with the causative agent of сhorioptosis in farms of Poltava region (Ukraine) and establish the features of acarosis in mixed invasions. Studies have shown that the average extent of сhorioptosic invasion of cattle in the surveyed region was 16.80 %, and the moderate intensity of the invasion – 53.81 specimens of ticks on the body area of 4 cm2. It is proved that the indicators of infection of cattle Ch. Bovis grow with age. In calves, up to 6 months of age, young animals aged 6 to 12 months, heifers older than 12 months, and cows, the intensity of invasion was 9.40, 15.24, 21.84, and 25 %, respectively, and the intensity of invasion was 16.73, 45, 38, 58.89 and 78.61 specimens/4 cm2. It was found that сhorioptosis in cattle more often (68.75 %) occurs in the form of mixinvasions, where co-members of Chorioptes Bovis are parasitic insects (bovicols), cestodes (moniesies), trematodes (paramphistomes), nematodes (strongyloides, trichurises, strongylides of digestive organs) and coccidies (eimeries). Two-component mixinvasions were found in 65.91 % of chorioptosis patients and three-component – in 25 % of infected animals. Four- and five-component mixed invasions were less common (6.82 % and 2.27 %, respectively). A total of 19 species of mixed invasions were identified, 7 of which were two-component, 8 three-component, 3 four-component, and 1 five-component. Simultaneous parasitization of Chorioptes Bovis and strongylide of digestive organs (25 %), bovicoles (15.91 %) in two-component mixinvasions was most often found. Other combinations of parasites were diagnosed less frequently (2.27–6.82 %). The research results expand the already existing scientific data on the peculiarities of the chorioptosis of cattle and will allow us to take them into account when carrying out diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic measures for this invasion.
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Chen, Hua-Pin. "High-Input Impedance Voltage-Mode Multifunction Filter with Four Grounded Components and Only Two Plus-Type DDCCs." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2010 (2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/362516.
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This paper introduces a novel voltage-mode multifunction biquadratic filter with single input and four outputs using two plus-type differential difference current conveyors (DDCCs) and four grounded passive components. The filter can realize inverting highpass, inverting bandpass, noninverting lowpass, and noninverting bandpass filter responses, simultaneously. It still maintains the following advantages: (i) using grounded capacitors attractive for integration and absorbing shunt parasitic capacitance, (ii) using grounded resistors at allXterminals of DDCCs suitable for the variations of filter parameters and absorbing series parasitic resistances at allXterminals of DDCCs, (iii) high-input impedance good for cascadability, (iv) no need to change the filter topology, (v) no need to component-matching conditions, (vi) low active and passive sensitivity performances, and (vii) simpler configuration due to the use of plus-type DDCCs only. HSPICE and MATLAB simulations results are provided to demonstrate the theoretical analysis.
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Chugunova, Yu K., and N. M. Pronin. "Component communities of parasites and interaction of the parasitic faunas of noncommercial fishes in the Kacha River (Yenisei Basin)." Contemporary Problems of Ecology 4, no. 1 (February 2011): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995425511010097.
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Palomares-Rius, Juan E., Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, and Pablo Castillo. "Cryptic species in plant-parasitic nematodes." Nematology 16, no. 10 (2014): 1105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00002831.
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This paper summarises the current knowledge concerning cryptic species of plant-parasitic nematode and briefly reviews the different methods available for their detection and characterisation. Cryptic species represent an important component of biodiversity, such speciation being common among plant-parasitic nematodes and occurring in diverse groups with different life history traits, including the spiral, virus vector, root-lesion and false root-knot nematodes. Cryptic species are important for a number of reasons, including food security, quarantine, non-chemical management technologies and species conservation, and should not be ignored. The magnitude of the phenomenon is largely unknown, but the available data on plant-parasitic nematodes demonstrate that reliance on morphology alone for species delimitation seriously underestimates the total number of taxa. Future research should focus on appropriately designed case studies using combined approaches, including large-scale, whole sample analyses by next-generation sequencing or proteomics in order to be able to answer the many questions that still remain.
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Fernández-Aparicio, Mónica, Philippe Delavault, and Michael P. Timko. "Management of Infection by Parasitic Weeds: A Review." Plants 9, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9091184.
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Parasitic plants rely on neighboring host plants to complete their life cycle, forming vascular connections through which they withdraw needed nutritive resources. In natural ecosystems, parasitic plants form one component of the plant community and parasitism contributes to overall community balance. In contrast, when parasitic plants become established in low biodiversified agroecosystems, their persistence causes tremendous yield losses rendering agricultural lands uncultivable. The control of parasitic weeds is challenging because there are few sources of crop resistance and it is difficult to apply controlling methods selective enough to kill the weeds without damaging the crop to which they are physically and biochemically attached. The management of parasitic weeds is also hindered by their high fecundity, dispersal efficiency, persistent seedbank, and rapid responses to changes in agricultural practices, which allow them to adapt to new hosts and manifest increased aggressiveness against new resistant cultivars. New understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms behind the processes of germination and haustorium development, and behind the crop resistant response, in addition to the discovery of new targets for herbicides and bioherbicides will guide researchers on the design of modern agricultural strategies for more effective, durable, and health compatible parasitic weed control.
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Chunchukova, M., D. Kirin, and D. Kuzmanova. "Gastrointestinal helminth fauna and helminth communities of bleak (Alburnus alburnus, L. 1758) from lower section of Danube River." BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 22, no. 3 (September 2019): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2082.
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The present study presents the results from examinations of bleak’s endohelminth species and structure of helminth communities from the Bulgarian part of the Lower Danube River. In 2015 and 2016, on a seasonal manner, 91 specimens of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (bleak) were examined with standard techniques for parasites. Five species of parasites: Nicolla skrjabini (Ivanitzky, 1928), Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758), Acanthocephalus lucii (Müller, 1776), Pomphorhynchus laevis (Müller, 1776) and Contracoecum microcephalum (Stossich, 1890), larvae were identified. The analysis of the dominant structure of the found parasite species is presented to the component and infracommunities levels. All parasite species were accidental for the parasitic communities of examined fish with the exception of P. laevis and N. skrjabini. P. laevis was a core parasite species and N. skrjabini was a component parasite species for the helminth communities of bleak. The parasite communities of A. alburnus were discussed and compared with previous research data on parasite communities of bleak from River Danube in Bulgaria. New data for helminths and helminth communities of A. alburnus from Danube River (biotope Vetren) and their seasonal occurrence are presented.
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Leonard, Rachel A., Yuan Tian, Feng Tan, Giel G. van Dooren, and Jenni A. Hayward. "An essential role for an Fe-S cluster protein in the cytochrome c oxidase complex of Toxoplasma parasites." PLOS Pathogens 19, no. 6 (June 1, 2023): e1011430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011430.
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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) of apicomplexan parasites differs considerably from the ETC of the animals that these parasites infect, and is the target of numerous anti-parasitic drugs. The cytochrome c oxidase complex (Complex IV) of the apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii ETC is more than twice the mass and contains subunits not found in human Complex IV, including a 13 kDa protein termed TgApiCox13. TgApiCox13 is homologous to a human iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster-containing protein called the mitochondrial inner NEET protein (HsMiNT) which is not a component of Complex IV in humans. Here, we establish that TgApiCox13 is a critical component of Complex IV in T. gondii, required for complex activity and stability. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TgApiCox13, like its human homolog, binds two Fe-S clusters. We show that the Fe-S clusters of TgApiCox13 are critical for ETC function, having an essential role in mediating Complex IV integrity. Our study provides the first functional characterisation of an Fe-S protein in Complex IV.
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Su, Bo, Xue Yang, Hailin Cui, and David R. Jones. "How to maximize the bandwidth without increasing the noise in op-amp-based transimpedance amplifiers using positive feedback." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 043004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0079747.
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The bandwidth of very high gain (≥100 MV/A) transimpedance amplifiers is restricted to below 100 kHz, unless measures are employed to mitigate the effect of circuit parasitic capacitances. Current approaches involve significantly increased circuit complexity and component count. They may suffer unwanted noise pickup or destructive capacitive coupling to ground, the latter restricting the available bandwidth. We demonstrate that combining a positive feedback circuit with a low-pass filter network extends the bandwidth of a transimpedance amplifier out to the limit of gain peaking (>1 MHz) without increasing the noise signal. The circuit uses a single inverting amplifier and very large feedback-resistance to provide a canceling parasitic-capacitance positive feedback signal. This can negate both the negative feedback-resistor parasitic-capacitance and the input/output pin parasitic-capacitance of the transimpedance amplifier. The circuit solves the problem of destructive distributed-capacitive coupling to ground along the feedback resistor.
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Bobita Bordoloi and Arup Kumar Hazarika. "Incidence of Clinostomum complanatum (Trematoda: Clinostomidae) in Trichogaster fasciata (Actinopterygii: Osphronemidae), the first report from Deepor Beel, Assam, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 15, no. 1 (January 26, 2023): 22533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.8046.15.1.22533-22537.
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Fish constitute a major component of diet for the people of northeastern India and one of the main food items for most people in Assam. But fishes are facing serious risks due to parasitic infestations which deteriorate the food value and also leads to fish mortality. The present study aims to investigate the occurrence of helminth parasites in some selected fishes of the species Mystus tengara, Channa punctata, and Trichogaster fasciata collected from Deepor Beel, Guwahati, Assam. Trematode parasite species have been recorded from Trichogaster fasciata. The recovered trematode is Clinostomum complanatum belonging to the family Clinostomatidae. The present study incorporates the morphological, morphometric, and scanning electron microscopy studies of the prevailing parasite. This study is the first report on the occurrence of helminth parasites in the edible freshwater fishes collected from Deepor Beel.
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Leibinger, Á., and Á. Hajdu. "Proposal for scalable models in EMC simulation." Advances in Radio Science 9 (August 1, 2011): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-9-329-2011.
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Abstract. In this paper a method "Component Series Modeling" (CoSeMod) is presented. This allows fast and easy implementation of scalable model generations for passive component series based on measurement data or specification provided by manufacturer. These can be used in circuit models for fast EMC analysis and optimization, especially in frequency ranges where conducted emission and susceptibility dominate. EMC tasks require high precision equivalent circuit models of components. Models generated with CoSeMod provide in many cases as high a quality as original (static) models do. One feature of scalability is that new netlisting is not needed after component changes. The process of model creation is based on similarities of the components of the same model series (packaging, manufacturing process, material etcetera). Required equations of the relationship between nominal and parasitic values are calculated by nonlinear regression. Model generation for unknown components of a known series is possible with interpolation. Implementation is possible with relatively simple actions made in circuit simulator Saber. An EMC application example of the implemented model is also shown in this paper.
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Baumgarten, Sebastian, Dirk Röske, Jussi Ala Hiiro, Lukas Vavrecka, Stefan Kock, and Jonas Gnauert. "Parasitic loads in torque standard machines: a characterization, comparison, and evaluation." ACTA IMEKO 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v8i3.607.
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In torque standard machines, different kinds of bearings are used to reduce the influence of parasitic loads under the assumption that such loads are low. In accordance with EURAMET cg-14, the signal of a torque transducer is averaged over three mounting positions. For this reason, the influence of parasitic loads on the transducer signal should be negligible. To test this assumption, two multi-component torque transducers are characterised in this study based on experimental, analytical, and numerical results. In this article, the parasitic loads of the torque standard machines at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Teknologian tutkimuskeskus VTT Oy (VTT), and Cesky Metrologicky Institut (CMI) were characterised and compared. The results are presented together with a proposal for an evaluation.
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Budell, Timothy, and Eric Tremble. "PCB Effects on On-chip Capacitor Requirements and an Efficient Resonance-Prevention ASIC Methodology." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2010, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 000392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2010-wa2-paper1.
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A method for determining adequate quantities and locations of on-chip capacitors to maintain supply voltages at all locations on a chip within pre-specified limits given the switching activity of on-chip circuits was presented in [3]. In this paper, we extend the method to include current flow from the package and PCB. The effects of on-chip capacitance and other system parasitics on the time it takes for additional supply current to flow into a chip are discussed. The relationship between switching current, capacitance, system parasitic inductances, and on-chip noise is presented. These concepts are then applied to the subject of power delivery network (PDN) resonance. A 1-dimensional model for simulating PDN resonance is presented. The model includes chip, package, and PCB components, along with explicit networks for each chip power supply and their interactions. The topology of the model and the contributions of each model component are described. A design methodology for avoiding PDN resonance, presently in use on all IBM ASIC modules, is presented.
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Zumla, A., and S. L. Croft. "Chemotherapy and immunity in opportunistic parasitic infections in AIDS." Parasitology 105, S1 (January 1992): S93—S101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000075405.
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SUMMARYParasitic diseases are endemic in parts of the tropics, but there is no convincing evidence that their prevalence or incidence is increasing due to the HIV epidemic. Available scientific data on parasitic infections in patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) suggests a predominance of Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium spp. For reasons which are unclear, parasitic infections such as Plasmodium falciparum, Strongyloides stercoralis and Entamoeba histolytica, where cell-mediated immune responses are also thought to be significant, do not appear to be opportunists of importance. It is being increasingly recognized that chemotherapy for parasitic diseases has a host-dependent component, although scientific data on this subject remain scanty. The management of opportunistic parasitic infections in patients infected with HIV is dogged by failures and relapses, aptly illustrating the notion of the relationship between chemotherapy and the immune response. This review discusses the immunity and chemotherapy of opportunistic parasite infections in patients infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
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Bassetti, M., and W. Scandale. "Limiting Effects of the Parasitic Sextupole Component in the CERN Large Hadron Collider." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 32, no. 5 (1985): 2228–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.1985.4333868.
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Yang, Gisung, and Byung-Wook Min. "A Method for Calculating Parasitic Component of SMD Using Even-Odd Mode Analysis." Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 34, no. 1 (January 2023): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2023.34.1.57.
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Khalifa, Yaser M. A., Badar Khan, and Faisal Taha. "Multiobjective Optimization Tool for a Free Structure Analog Circuits Design Using Genetic Algorithms and Incorporating Parasitics." Journal of Artificial Evolution and Applications 2008 (September 8, 2008): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/761380.
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This paper presents a novel approach for a free structure analog circuit design using genetic algorithms (GAs). A major problem in a free structure circuit is its sensitivity calculations as a polynomial approximation for the design is not available. A further problem is the effect of parasitic elements on the resulting circuit's performance. In a single design stage, circuits that are produced satisfy a specific frequency response specifications using circuit structures that are unrestricted and with component values that are chosen from a set of preferred values including their parasitic effects. The sensitivity to component variations for the resulting designs is performed using a novel technique and is incorporated in the fitness evaluation function. The extra degrees of freedom resulting form unbounded circuit structures create a huge search space. The application chosen is an RLC ladder filters circuit design.
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Zolda, P., and L. Háněl. "Soil nematodes inhabiting an original dry meadow and an abandoned vineyard in the National Park Seewinkel, Eastern Austria." Helminthologia 44, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-007-0016-6.
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AbstractNematode communities of cultivated vineyards showed characteristics typical for cultivated ecosystems, e.g. predominance of plant parasitic nematodes followed by bacterivores. The abandoned vineyard showed a reverse trophic structure: bacterivorous nematodes with short life cycles (cp 2) predominated and the population of plant parasites was small. The nematode trophic structure of the dry meadow was similar to the abandoned vineyard. Nevertheless, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that differences in nematode communities were still detectable at the generic level, with some genera occurring solely in one or the other site (e.g. Xiphinema). Thus, soil nematodes indicated a recovery of primary production and decomposition processes in the formerly cultivated vineyard soil, because plant parasites consuming plant tissues decreased, and organic matter breakdown was slower, as in low-input grasslands. Communities of soil nematodes were also compared with intensively cultivated vineyards previously surveyed in Eastern Austria.
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Singh, Anjana, Eric Houpt, and William A. Petri. "Rapid Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasitic Protozoa, with a Focus onEntamoeba histolytica." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2009 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/547090.
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Entamoeba histolyticais an invasive intestinal pathogenic parasitic protozoan that causes amebiasis. It must be distinguished fromEntamoeba disparandE. moshkovskii, nonpathogenic commensal parasites of the human gut lumen that are morphologically identical toE. histolytica. Detection of specificE. histolyticaantigens in stools is a fast, sensitive technique that should be considered as the method of choice. Stool real-time PCR is a highly sensitive and specific technique but its high cost make it unsuitable for use in endemic areas where there are economic constraints. Serology is an important component of the diagnosis of intestinal and especially extraintestinal amebiasis as it is a sensitive test that complements the detection of the parasite antigens or DNA. Circulating Gal/GalNac lectin antigens can be detected in the serum of patients with untreated amoebic liver abscess. On the horizon are multiplex real-time PCR assays which permit the identification of multiple enteropathogens with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Bogach, M. V., O. O. Horobei, O. M. Ivanchenko, and D. V. Vovk. "Monitoring of Cysticercosis of rabbits in farms of different forms of ownership." Journal for Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology and Biosafety 6, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36016/jvmbbs-2020-6-3-2.
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The aim of the study was to determine the spread of pathogens of parasitic diseases in the digestive organs of rabbits in farms of various forms of ownership in Odesa Region. One thousand and two hundred rabbits of different age groups in specialized farms (which they use cage keeping of animals in compliance with all zoohygienic requirements and a balanced feeding ration), as well as 582 rabbits in private farms (which the type of feeding was mixed) were examined. Prevalence of parasitic infections of rabbits in specialized farms is 52.3%, in household farms — 85.1%. In specialized farms, prevalence of cysticercosis is 2.6% (with intensity of 3–7 cysticerci), eimeriosis — 14.0%, trichostrongylosis — 13.6%, and passalurosis — 20.6%, two-component (eimeriosis + cysticercosis) infection —1.0%, three-component (eimeriosis + cysticercosis + passalurosis) infection — 0.5%, total infestation (both mono- and mixed infections) with cysticerci — 4.1%. In homestead farms, prevalence of cysticercosis is 27.7% (with intensity of 21–64 cysticerci), eimeriosis — 15.6%, trichostrongylosis — 3.6%, and passalurosis — 6.7%, two-component (eimeriosis + cysticercosis) infection —24.2%, three-component (eimeriosis + cysticercosis + passalurosis) infection — 7.2%, total infestation (both mono- and mixed infections) with cysticerci — 59.1%. Cysticercosis is a common infection of rabbits in Odesa Region, which occurs often as part of mixed infections with pathogens eimeriosis and pasalurosis. The total infestation of rabbits with cysticerci in homestead farms was 55.0% higher than in specialized ones. One-component infestations in specialized farms is 97.1% of sick rabbits, and in homestead farms — 63.0%; two-component (eimeriosis + cysticercosis) infection — 1.9% and 28.5%, respectively; and three-component (eimeriosis + cysticercosis + passalurosis) infection — 1.0% and 8.5%, respectively
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Zhivodernikov, Andrew, Alexander Pavlenko, and Vladimir Puzin. "Numerical and Experimental Study of a Device for Electrical Power Lines Probing for a Tunnel-Boring Complex Control System." Machines 9, no. 2 (February 7, 2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9020035.
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The article considers the problems of the magnetic field distribution, generated by a power electric cable at the micro-tunnel-boring shield arrangement site by numerical modeling with a further full-scale device model experiment. The impact of foreign magnetic field sources on readings of three-component sensors was established in the process of the study. The considerable existence of parasitic noises, conditioned by external magnetic fields and high sensitivity of the probes, which will require the use of additional filters, was established. When using three-component ferroprobes, the most informative is the probe component coinciding with the tunnel shield longitudinal axis Z. The study showed that with current values greater than 200 A and changes in cable location during the experiment, it is possible to record signals from other sensor components and subsequently determine the location and orientation of the current-carrying cable. The experimental results obtained confirm the feasibility of a multi-sensor probing device for the micro-tunneling machine shield movement control system.
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Stensvold, Christen Rune. "Pinning down the role of common luminal intestinal parasitic protists in human health and disease – status and challenges." Parasitology 146, no. 6 (February 8, 2019): 695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182019000039.
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AbstractWhile some single-celled intestinal parasites are direct causes of diarrhoea and other types of intestinal pathology, the impact of other gut micro-eukaryotes on human health remains elusive. The fact that some common luminal intestinal parasitic protists (CLIPPs) have lately been found more often in healthy than in diseased individuals has fuelled the hypothesis that some parasites might in fact be protective against disease. To this end, the use of new DNA technologies has helped us investigate trans-kingdom relationships in the gut. However, research into these relationships is currently hampered by the limited data available on the genetic diversity within the CLIPPs genera, which results in limited efficacy of publicly available DNA sequence databases for taxonomic annotation of sequences belonging to the eukaryotic component of the gut microbiota. In this paper, I give a brief overview of the status on CLIPPs in human health and disease and challenges related to the mapping of intestinal eukaryotic diversity of the human gut.
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Gurov, E. V., S. S. Uvaysov, A. S. Uvaysova, and S. S. Uvaysova. "Nominal and Actual Values of Inductor and Capacitor Parameters at High Frequencies." Russian Technological Journal 7, no. 4 (August 11, 2019): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2019-7-4-44-53.
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Coil inductance and capacitor capacitance depend on overall dimensions, structure, and ambient factors. They do not vary with frequency. Reactive component impedance is determined by inductance or capacitance respectively, if active resistance is not considered. This is true for the frequencies which are significantly lower than the self-resonant frequency of the component. Parasitic parameters contribution increases on approaching the self-resonant frequency. Therefore, the componentʼs actual inductance and actual capacitance on operating frequency are defined. They are provided by manufacturers and differ from the nominal values. The actual values provide more accurate impedance of components near the considered frequency. Significant deviation from the considered frequency can cause impedance mismatch even more than the nominal values can provide. Frequency response of the high-frequency circuits such as analog filters and impedance match networks are determined by components impedance, not the nominal values. Thus, calculated values must be close to the actual values. The purpose of this article is to justify actual values application instead of nominal values.
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Al-Barwari, Shlemon, and Isam Saeed. "The Parasitic Communities of the Rock Pigeon Columba livia from Iraq: Component and Importance." Turkish Journal of Parasitology 36, no. 4 (January 25, 2013): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/tpd.2012.56.
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Danci, Adela, Regine Gries, Paul W. Schaefer, and Gerhard Gries. "Evidence for Four-Component Close-Range Sex Pheromone in the Parasitic Wasp Glyptapanteles flavicoxis." Journal of Chemical Ecology 32, no. 7 (May 23, 2006): 1539–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-006-9068-1.
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Korchan, L., S. Kulynych, R. Peleno, and S. Mykhailiutenko. "Associative invasions of rabbits in farms of the Poltava region." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 25, no. 109 (March 23, 2023): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet10919.
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Rabbit breeding is a very productive branch of animal husbandry that produces meat, hides, and down. Rabbit meat is a very valuable dietary product that is quickly absorbed by the human body and contains iron, many B vitamins, magnesium salts, phosphorus and other minerals, and is also rich in essential amino acids. One of the factors that leads to a decrease in the profitability of the rabbit breeding industry is parasitic diseases. Economic losses from infestations consist of loss of live weight and reduced fatness of rabbit carcasses, as well as deterioration of skin quality. The aim of the work was to investigate the distribution of associative infestations in rabbits in the Poltava region. The conducted research revealed the simplest organisms (Eimeria spp.), cestodes (Cysticercus pisiformis), nematodes (Passalurus ambiguus, Trichostrongylus sp.) and acariformes (Psoroptes cuniculi). The indicators of the extensivity of invasions in rabbits were for eimeriosis – 40.0 %, passalurosis – 29.64 %, cysticercosis pisiformis – 16.43 %, psoroptosis – 13.93 % and trichostrongylosis – 2.86 %. Parasitoses in rabbits was more often in the form of mixinvasions, where the rate of infestation reached 41.07 %. A total of 7 types of mixinvasions were registered, of which 5 are two-component associations of parasites, and 3 are three-component associations of parasites. Two-component mixinvasions were represented by the association of eimeries and passalurises (extensivity of invasion – 17.14 %), eimeries and cysticerces (7.86 %), eimeries and psoropteses (3.57 %), passalurises and cysticerces (6.07 %), passalurises and psoropteses (2.86 %). Three-component mixinvasions were characterized by the associative course of eimeries, passalurises and cysticerces (2.50 %) and eimeries, passalurises and psoropteses (1.07 %). The results of research on the associative course of parasitosis in rabbits indicate the need to use a complex of treatment and prevention measures in rabbit farms, taking into account the composition of parasites and their biological features.
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Krupkina, T. Yu, V. V. Losev, L. V. Nedashkovskiy, and Yu A. Chaplygin. "Research of Methods for Suppression of Parasitic Components in RF Quadrature Modulator Output Signal Spectrum." Proceedings of Universities. Electronics 26, no. 1 (February 2021): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24151/1561-5405-2021-26-1-54-63.
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The quadrature modulators and demodulators are widely used to create modern wireless communication systems. It is important to ensure high quality of the transmitted signals in order to have the exchange of information without loss or failure. From the point of view of the spectral decomposition of the signal (Fourier series decomposition), the useful component of the spectrum must be much larger than all other components. The carrier (LO frequency and spurious sideband are the most critical and undesirable quadrature modulator output signal spectral components. In the work, in the course of the research using the methods of suppressing the parasitic components, based on minimizing phase, amplitude and current imbalances in various nodes of the quadrature modulator circuit, have been revealed. In order to realize suppression, the special digital-to-analog converters are used in conjunction with a polyphase filter on varicaps, a phase-shifting block and current sources. The effectiveness of these methods is confirmed by the achievement of suppression of parasitic components in prototypes of 50 dB or more. It has been stated that the phase unbalance minimization is more effective than the amplitude unbalance minimization to sideband suppression. It has been revealed that the use of a phase-shifting block is a more suitable architecture to control the phase unbalance. The obtained results can be useful in the design of high-precision radio frequency units for various purposes.
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MANJULA, S., and D. SELVATHI. "STUDY OF PARASITIC CAPACITANCE EFFECT ON NOISE FIGURE OF IDCLNA IN DEEP SUBMICRON CMOS TECHNOLOGIES." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 23, no. 05 (May 8, 2014): 1450058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126614500583.
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Low noise amplifier (LNA) is an important component in RF receiver front end. An inductively degenerated cascode low noise amplifier (IDCLNA) is mostly preferred for producing good trade-offs such as high gain, low noise figure (NF), high reverse isolation and low power consumption for narrowband applications. This IDCLNA structure is also used to reduce the gate induced noise on the noise performance by inserting the capacitance in parallel with the gate-to-source capacitance of main transistor. Usually, the parasitic overlap capacitances can impose serious constraints on achievable performance and is taken into account in IDCLNA. In this paper, IDCLNA is designed at a frequency of 2.4 GHz with analyzing the impact of parasitic overlap capacitances on IDCLNA in terms of unity current gain frequency (f T ) which will affect the NF of IDCLNA and simulated using 130 nm, 90 nm and 65 nm CMOS technologies. The NF of IDCLNA with and without parasitic overlap capacitances are analyzed and compared for different short channel CMOS processes. Simulation results show that the parasitic overlap capacitances have advantageous to reduce the gate induced noise in IDCLNA for 130-nm CMOS process for 2.4 GHz applications.
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Geisshirt, Heidi A., Charlotte S. Bonde, Caroline Marcussen, Helena Mejer, and Andrew R. Williams. "Development of In Vitro Assays with the Canine Hookworm Uncinaria stenocephala and Assessment of Natural Plant Products for Anti-Parasitic Activity." Pathogens 12, no. 4 (March 29, 2023): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040536.
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Enteric helminth infection is an increasing concern in companion animals due to reports of resistance to commonly used anthelmintic drugs. Thus, the assessment of new therapeutic options such as bioactive dietary additives is of high importance. Here, we adapted egg hatch, larval migration, and larval motility assays to screen extracts of several natural ingredients against the canine hookworm Uncinaria stenocephala, a prevalent parasite of dogs in northern Europe. Egg hatch and larval migration assays were established showing that the anthelmintic drugs levamisole and albendazole had strong anti-parasitic activity against U. stenocephala, validating the use of these assays for the assessment of novel anti-parasitic substances. Subsequently, we identified that extracts from the seaweed Saccharina latissima, but not extracts from grape seed or chicory, significantly inhibited both hatching and larval migration. Finally, we showed that α-linolenic acid, a putative anti-parasitic compound from S. latissima, also exhibited anti-parasitic activity. Collectively, our results established a platform for the screening for anthelmintic resistance or novel drug candidates against U. stenocephala and highlighted the potential use of seaweed extracts as a functional food component to help control hookworm infection in dogs.
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Yáñez-Meza, Andrea, Carlos Landaeta-Aqueveque, Nicol Quiroga, and Carezza Botto-Mahan. "Helminthic infection in three native rodent species from a semiarid Mediterranean ecosystem." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 28, no. 1 (March 2019): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612019014.
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Abstract Helminth parasites are still not a well-known component of animal biodiversity. In this study, we describe and compare the endoparasite assemblages of three native rodent species from a semiarid Mediterranean ecosystem. A total of eight species of gastrointestinal helminth parasites were detected. The endoparasitic communities of the rodents Phyllotis darwini (5 species), Octodon degus (4 species), and Abrothrix olivaceus (3 species) were described in terms of their prevalence and mean abundance. In addition, endoparasite records by rodent species were submitted to rarefaction analyses to verify sampling robustness and used to compare richness and similarity among rodent species. O. degus presented the highest prevalence and parasitic load, but was of low diversity, while P. darwini presented the highest diversity, but had a low prevalence rate. Conversely, A. olivaceus presented the lowest prevalence and diversity. This study contributes to the existing knowledge of the endoparasitic fauna of rodent species from semiarid Mediterranean zones.
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Patrnogic, Jelena, Christa Heryanto, and Ioannis Eleftherianos. "Transcriptional up-regulation of the TGF-β intracellular signaling transducer Mad of Drosophila larvae in response to parasitic nematode infection." Innate Immunity 24, no. 6 (July 26, 2018): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753425918790663.
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The common fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an exceptional model for dissecting innate immunity. However, our knowledge on responses to parasitic nematode infections still lags behind. Recent studies have demonstrated that the well-conserved TGF-β signaling pathway participates in immune processes of the fly, including the anti-nematode response. To elucidate the molecular basis of TGF-β anti-nematode activity, we performed a transcript level analysis of different TGF-β signaling components following infection of D. melanogaster larvae with the nematode parasite Heterorhabditis gerrardi. We found no significant changes in the transcript level of most extracellular ligands in both bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and activin branches of the TGF-β signaling pathway between nematode-infected larvae and uninfected controls. However, extracellular ligand, Scw, and Type I receptor, Sax, in the BMP pathway as well as the Type I receptor, Babo, in the activin pathway were substantially up-regulated following H. gerrardi infection. Our results suggest that receptor up-regulation leads to transcriptional up-regulation of the intracellular component Mad in response to H. gerrardi following changes in gene expression of intracellular receptors of both TGF-β signaling branches. These findings identify the involvement of certain TGF-β signaling pathway components in the immune signal transduction of D. melanogaster larvae against parasitic nematodes .
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Hung, Chiung-Yu, Neil M. Ampel, Lara Christian, Kalpathi R. Seshan, and Garry T. Cole. "A Major Cell Surface Antigen of Coccidioides immitis Which Elicits Both Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 584–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.2.584-593.2000.
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ABSTRACT Multinucleate parasitic cells (spherules) of Coccidioides immitis isolates produce a membranous outer wall component (SOW) in vitro which has been reported to be reactive with antibody from patients with coccidioidal infection, elicits a potent proliferative response of murine immune T cells, and has immunoprotective capacity in a murine model of coccidioidomycosis. To identify the antigenic components of SOW, the crude wall material was first subjected to Triton X-114 extraction, and a water-soluble fraction derived from this treatment was examined for protein composition and reactivity in humoral and cellular immunoassays. Protein electrophoresis revealed that the aqueous fraction of three different isolates of C. immitis each contained one or two major glycoproteins (SOWgps), distinguished by their molecular sizes, which ranged from 58 to 82 kDa. The SOWgps, however, showed identical N-terminal amino acid sequences, and each was recognized by sera from patients with C. immitis infection. Antibody raised against the purified 58-kDa glycoprotein (SOWgp58) of the Silveira isolate was used for Western blot and immunolocalization analyses. Expression of SOWgp was shown to be parasitic phase specific, and the antigen was localized to the membranous SOW. The water-soluble fraction of SOW and the purified SOWgp58 were tested for the ability to stimulate proliferation of human peripheral monocytic cells (PBMC). The latter were obtained from healthy volunteers with positive skin test reaction to spherulin, a parasitic-phase antigen of C. immitis, and from volunteers who showed no skin test reaction to the same antigen. The SOW preparations stimulated proliferation of PBMC from skin test-positive but not skin test-negative donors, and the activated cells secreted gamma interferon, which is indicative of a T helper 1 pathway of immune response. Results of this study suggest that SOWgp is a major parasitic cell surface-expressed antigen that elicits both humoral and cellular immune responses in patients with coccidioidal infection.
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Jiang, Yuchen. "The Analytical Models of Fringe Parasitic Capacitance of FinFET - A Review." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2694, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2694/1/012035.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract When planar MOSFET encounters its own scaling limit, FinFET was introduced and successfully replaced the traditional MOSFET. FinFET owns its privilege over the planar MOSFET for its high tolerance to short channel effect. However, due to FinFET’s 3D structure, high parasitic capacitance compared to planar MOSFET significantly degrades the transistor speed because of RC delay. This paper provides a review on the fringe capacitance of FinFET device based on the accuracy to experimental data of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional analytical models. Those models take the external and internal parasitic capacitance component into account. The three-dimensional model outperforms the two-dimensional model in levels of precision but requires more parameters and time to establish.
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Grabau, Zane Joseph, and J. W. Noling. "Nematode management in potatoes (Irish or white)." EDIS 2019, no. 5 (September 13, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-ng029-2019.
Full textAbstract:
Plant-parasitic nematodes are a major pest on potatoes in Florida. Root-knot, sting, and stubby-root nematodes are the primary problems. Sampling is an important component of confirming nematode problems in a field. Nematode management relies heavily on chemical control (nematicides), but crop rotation and soil culture are important considerations as well.