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Journal articles on the topic 'Paraplegics'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 July 2024

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1

Mudzi, W., A. Steward, and C. Eales. "Spinal cord injured patients’ knowledge of pressure sores." South African Journal of Physiotherapy 57, no. 4 (November 30, 2001): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajp.v57i4.516.

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Despite much effort being put into educating spinal cord injured patients on pressure sore prevention, pressure sores remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality. This study sought to establish: i) paraplegics’ knowledge on pressure sore prevention prior to discharge; ii) the influence of knowledge on pressure sore occurrence during hospitalization; iii) sources of paraplegics’ knowledge on pressure sore prevention. A total of twenty-six men and two women with paraplegia aged between 18 and 45 years participated in the study. A rospective pre-test post-test method using a structured questionnaire was used to test paraplegics’ knowledge on pressure sore prevention. The first interview was done within one week of mobilising in a wheelchair and the second one after two months or a few days before discharge. Pressure sore occurrence and the source of knowledge were also recorded. The results showed that paraplegics’ knowledge on pressure sore prevention at discharge is incomplete. Knowledge gain does not seem to determine whether one will develop pressure sores or not. Physiotherapists (89%), nurses (82%) and occupational therapists (68%) are the main educators of paraplegics on pressure sore prevention in rehabilitation hospitals.

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2

Woźniewicz, Agnieszka, Joanna Kalinowska, Małgorzata Anna Basińska, and Bogdan Pietrulewicz. "Personal resources and daily life fatigue in caregivers of persons with paraplegia." Polish Journal of Applied Psychology 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjap-2015-0019.

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Abstract Taking care of a paraplegic may contribute to the caregiver’s fatigue. Sixty family caregivers participated in our study, out of which 30 provided care for paraplegics in hospital, and 30 for paraplegics at home. The Orientation to Life Qestionnaire (SOC-29) was used to measure individual sense of coherence, The Life Orientation Test - Revised for dispositional optimism, The Polish Resiliency Assessment Scale for resiliency, and The Daily Life Fatigue Questionnaire for daily life fatigue. In order to collect data about caregivers an individual examination was applied. People with higher personal resource levels such as sense of coherence, optimism and resiliency are characterized by less severe daily life fatigue.

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3

RUDOLF, ANDREJA, VANJA KOLANOVIČ, MONIKA HUDOURNIK, JASNA ŠTAMPFER, JAKOB NOVAK, MATEJ BOROVEC, and ROK BELŠAK. "Investigations for the development of smart trousers for paraplegic wheelchair users. Part 1 – Design recommendations for smart trousers to improve the thermal comfort of the legs of paraplegics." Industria Textila 75, no. 01 (February 27, 2024): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.075.01.202320.

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In this article, a study was conducted on the design of smart trousers to improve the thermal comfort of the legs of paraplegics. It was based on the survey of paraplegics about the thermoregulation of their legs in cold environments, the warming of the legs during and after outdoor activities, the type of clothing for outdoor activities and the need for smart heating clothing for the lower extremities. The skin surface temperatures on the legs of fully mobile people and paraplegics were measured in a neutral state to find out to which temperature the microclimate inside the trousers can be warmed and the smart trousers can be used safely. The survey of paraplegics was conducted nationwide and included sixty-one adult male and female subjects. Skin surface temperatures were measured at eight measurement points on the right and left leg and performed on eighteen participants. After evaluating all the results of this study, recommendations for the design of smart heating trousers were proposed. The results of this part of the research can provide designers with important information about the specific requirements for smart heating trousers and enable them to design and develop products that meet real needs and are safe for paraplegic wheelchair users. Furthermore, this work aims to raise awareness of the needs of wheelchair users that enable them to integrate into the social environment on an equal footing.

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4

Mussa, S., S. Kakar, and G. Bentley. "Total Hip Arthroplasty for Late Hip Dislocation in Paraplegia." HIP International 12, no. 3 (July 2002): 338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112070000201200310.

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Late hip dislocation is uncommon, particularly in the context of paraplegia. We report a case in which total hip arthroplasty with a semi-constrained acetabular component was a successful treatment for this condition. A review of the literature revealed that this method of treatment had not been previously described in paraplegics. For patients with late hip dislocation in spastic paraplegia, total hip arthroplasty with a semi-constrained acetabular component, combined with adequate adductor release and obturator neurectomy is recommended.

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5

Yoo, Kyung Y., JongUn Lee, Hak S. Kim, and Woong M. Im. "Hemodynamic and Catecholamine Responses to Laryngoscopy and Tracheal Intubation in Patients with Complete Spinal Cord Injuries." Anesthesiology 95, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200109000-00017.

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Background Endotracheal intubation in patients undergoing general anesthesia often causes hypertension and tachycardia, which may be altered when the efferent sympathetic fiber to the cardiovascular system is interrupted. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of different levels of spinal cord injury on the cardiovascular responses to intubation. Methods Fifty-four patients with traumatic complete cord injuries requiring tracheal intubation were grouped into quadriplegics (above C7; n = 22), high paraplegics (T1-T4, n = 8), and low paraplegics (below T5, n = 24) according to the level of injury. Twenty patients without spinal injury served as controls. Arterial pressure, heart rate, and rhythm were recorded at intervals for up to 5 min after intubation. Plasma concentrations of catecholamines were also measured. Results The intubation increased the systolic blood pressure similarly in control, high-paraplegic, and low-paraplegic groups (P < 0.05), whereas it did not alter the blood pressure in the quadriplegic group. Heart rate was significantly increased in all groups; however, the magnitude was more pronounced in the high-paraplegic group (67%) than in the control (38%) and quadriplegic (33%) groups. Plasma concentrations of norepinephrine were significantly increased after intubation in all groups; however, values were lower in the quadriplegic group and higher in the low-paraplegic group compared with those in the control group. Incidence of arrhythmias did not differ among groups. Conclusions The cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine changes associated with endotracheal intubation may differ according to the affected level in patients with complete spinal cord injuries.

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6

Čichoň, Rostislav, Adam Maszczyk, Petr Stastny, Petr Uhlíř, Miroslav Petr, Ondřej Doubrava, Aleksandra Mostowik, Artur Gołaś, Paweł Cieszczyk, and Piotr Żmijewski. "Effects of Krankcycle Training on Performance and Body Composition in Wheelchair Users." Journal of Human Kinetics 48, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0093.

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AbstractInnovation in training equipment is important for increasing training effectiveness, performance and changes in body composition, especially in wheelchair users with paraplegia. The main objective of a workout session is to induce an adaptation stimulus, which requires overload of involved muscles by voluntary effort, yet this overload may be highly influenced by the size of the spinal cord lesion. Krancykl construction is designed to allow exercise on any wheelchair and with adjustable height or width of crank handles, where even the grip handle may be altered. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in body composition, performance and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) in paraplegics with a different level of paralyses after a 12 week training programme of a unilateral regime on Krankcycle equipment (a crank machine). The study sample included four men and one women at a different spine lesion level. The 12 weeks programme was successfully completed by four participants, while one subject got injured during the intervention process. Three participants were paraplegics and one was quadriplegic with innervation of the biceps humeri, triceps humeri and deltoideus. The Krankcycle 30 min programme was followed by four other exercises, which were performed after themselves rather than in a circuit training manner as the latter would result in much longer rest periods between exercises, because paraplegics have to be fixed by straps during exercise on hydraulic machines. The RPE after the workout decreased following the twelve week adaptation period.

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7

Alderson, J. "Anaesthesia for Paraplegics." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 89, no. 5 (May 1996): 277P—278P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107689608900518.

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8

Shibasaki, Manabu, Yasunori Umemoto, Tokio Kinoshita, Ken Kouda, Tomoyuki Ito, Takeshi Nakamura, Craig G. Crandall, and Fumihiro Tajima. "The role of cardiac sympathetic innervation and skin thermoreceptors on cardiac responses during heat stress." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 308, no. 11 (June 1, 2015): H1336—H1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00911.2014.

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The mechanism(s) for the changes in cardiac function during heat stress remain unknown. This study tested two unique hypotheses. First, sympathetic innervation to the heart is required for increases in cardiac systolic function during heat stress. This was accomplished by comparing responses during heat stress between paraplegics versus tetraplegics, with tetraplegics having reduced/absent cardiac sympathetic innervation. Second, stimulation of skin thermoreceptors contributes to cardiovascular adjustments that occur during heat stress in humans. This was accomplished by comparing responses during leg only heating between paraplegic versus able-bodied individuals. Nine healthy able-bodied, nine paraplegics, and eight tetraplegics participated in this study. Lower body (i.e., nonsensed area for para/tetraplegics) was heated until esophageal temperature had increased by ∼1.0°C. Echocardiographic indexes of diastolic and systolic function were performed before and at the end of heat stress. The heat stress increased cardiac output in all groups, but the magnitude of this increase was attenuated in the tetraplegics relative to the able-bodied (1.3 ± 0.4 vs. 2.3 ± 1.0 l/min; P < 0.05). Diastolic function was maintained in all groups. Indexes of left atrial and ventricular systolic function were enhanced in the able-bodied, but did not change in tetraplegics, while these changes in paraplegics were attenuated relative to the able-bodied. These data suggest that the cardiac sympathetic innervation is required to achieve normal increases in cardiac systolic function during heat stress but not required to maintain diastolic function during this exposure. Second, elevated systolic function during heat stress primarily occurs as a result of increases in internal temperature, although stimulation of skin thermoreceptors may contribute.

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9

Gass, G. C., E. M. Camp, E. R. Nadel, T. H. Gwinn, and P. Engel. "Rectal and rectal vs. esophageal temperatures in paraplegic men during prolonged exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 64, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 2265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.64.6.2265.

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This study investigated the rectal (Tre), esophageal (Tes), and skin (Tsk) temperature changes in a group of trained traumatic paraplegic men pushing their own wheelchairs on a motor-driven treadmill for a prolonged period in a neutral environment. There were two experiments. The first experiment (Tre and Tsk) involved a homogeneous group (T10-T12/L3) of highly trained paraplegic men [maximum O2 uptake (VO2max) 47.5 +/- 1.8 ml.kg-1.min-1] exercising for 80 min at 60–65% VO2max.Tre and Tsk (head, arm, thigh, and calf) and heart rate (HR) were recorded throughout. O2 uptake (VO2), minute ventilation (VE), CO2 production (VCO2), and heart rate (HR) were recorded at four intervals. During experiment 1 significant changes in HR and insignificant changes in VCO2, VE, and VO2 occurred throughout prolonged exercise. Tre increased significantly from 37.1 +/- 0.1 degrees C (rest) to 37.8 +/- 0.1 degrees C after 80 min of exercise. There were only significant changes in arm Tsk. Experiment 2 involved a nonhomogeneous group (T5-T10/T11) of active paraplegics (VO2max 39.9 +/- 4.3 ml.kg-1.min-1) exercising at 60–65% VO2max for up to 45 min on the treadmill while Tre and Tes were simultaneously recorded. Tes rose significantly faster than Tre during exercise (dT/dt 20 min: Tes 0.050 +/- 0.003 degrees C/min and Tre 0.019 +/- 0.005 degrees C/min), and Tes declined significantly faster than Tre at the end of exercise. Tes was significantly higher than Tre at the end of exercise. Our results suggest that during wheelchair propulsion by paraplegics, Tes may be a better estimate of core temperature than Tre.

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10

Choi, Hyunjin, Byeonghun Na, Jangmok Lee, and Kyoungchul Kong. "A User Interface System with See-Through Display for WalkON Suit: A Powered Exoskeleton for Complete Paraplegics." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 2287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112287.

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In the development of powered exoskeletons for paraplegics due to complete spinal cord injury, a convenient and reliable user-interface (UI) is one of the mandatory requirements. In most of such robots, a user (i.e., the complete paraplegic wearing a powered exoskeleton) may not be able to avoid using crutches for safety reasons. As both the sensory and motor functions of the paralyzed legs are impaired, the users should frequently check the feet positions to ensure the proper ground contact. Therefore, the UI of powered exoskeletons should be designed such that it is easy to be controlled while using crutches and to monitor the operation state without any obstruction of sight. In this paper, a UI system of the WalkON Suit, a powered exoskeleton for complete paraplegics, is introduced. The proposed UI system consists of see-through display (STD) glasses and a display and tact switches installed on a crutch for the user to control motion modes and the walking speed. Moreover, the user can monitor the operation state using the STD glasses, which enables the head to be positioned up. The proposed UI system is verified by experimental results in this paper. The proposed UI system was applied to the WalkON Suit for the torch relay of the 2018 Pyeongchang Paralympics.

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11

Serra-Añó, P., X. García-Massó, M. Pellicer, L. M. González, J. López-Pascual, M. Giner-Pascual, and J. Toca-Herrera. "Force Normalization in Paraplegics." International Journal of Sports Medicine 33, no. 06 (February 29, 2012): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1301889.

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12

BERNARD, P. L., and P. CODINE. "Isokinetic shoulder of paraplegics." International Journal of Rehabilitation Research 20, no. 1 (March 1997): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004356-199703000-00009.

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13

Gföhler, M., M. Loicht, and P. Lugner. "Exercise tricycle for paraplegics." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 36, no. 1 (January 1998): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02522868.

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14

Popovic, Dejan, Mirjana Popovic, and Strahinja Dosen. "Neural prostheses for walking restoration." Journal of Automatic Control 18, no. 2 (2008): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jac0802063p.

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We review the state of the art of multi-channel electrical stimulation (ES) systems with surface electrodes for assistance in the standing and walking of paraplegics and hemiplegics. For the group of complete paraplegics, walking achieved with available ES systems is below their expectations, especially since these systems cannot compete with mobility provided to them by a wheelchair. However, standing and walking with ES systems are beneficial because they contribute to the improvement of physiological functions. For individuals who can stand with some arm support (e.g., paraplegics with incomplete injury and hemiplegics), the current ES systems are an effective augmentation of walking. We suggest that an ES system for walking of incomplete paraplegics and hemiplegics will be better accepted if the stimulation is regulated by a rule-based control, that is, a preprogrammed, sensor-triggered activation of several muscles resulting in normal walking. We present a method to obtain muscle activity profiles from simulation of a customized model of the patient that can be used for the synthesis of rules for control.

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15

GFÖHLER, MARGIT, THOMAS ANGELI, and PETER LUGNER. "MODELING OF ARTIFICIALLY ACTIVATED MUSCLE AND APPLICATION TO FES CYCLING." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 04, no. 01 (March 2004): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519404000850.

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Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) enables paraplegics to move their paralyzed limbs; the skeletal muscles are artificially activated. The purpose of this study is to establish a mechanical muscle model for an artificially activated muscle, based on a Hill-type muscle model. In comparison to modeling a physiologically activated muscle, for the artificially activated muscle, a number of additional parameters and their influence on the force generation has to be considered. The model was implemented into a forward dynamic simulation of paraplegic cycling. The stimulation patterns were optimized for surface stimulation of gluteus maximus, quadriceps, hamstrings, and peronaeus reflex. A simulation of a startup with 50% of maximum activation in the optimized stimulation intervals analyses drive torques and mean power per cycle and the resulting riding performance of the rider-cycle system. For validation of the simulation, the results were compared to measurements of the forces applied to the crank during steady-state cycling of a paraplegic test person.

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16

Juszczyk, Karolina, James G. Gollogly, and Ou Cheng Ngiep. "Bilateral hip disarticulation in paraplegics." Asian Biomedicine 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abm-2010-0014.

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Abstract Background: Decubitus ulcers are severe challenges to paraplegic patients, as well as to the medical providers caring for such disabled persons. Severe, chronic infection often can lead to death, especially in developing countries. Sometimes, hip disarticulation is the most appropriate surgical response to chronic ulceration. Objective: Report the results of bilateral disarticulations in 3 patients, one in Cambodia, and two in Australia. Methods: Chart reviews, examinations, and interviews with the patients were conducted to identify appropriate details of the indications and results. Results: Severe decubitus ulcers were successfully treated using the technique, without undue surgical complications. The general health of the patients was much improved. Conclusion: Bilateral hip disarticulations were performed as last stage salvage operations in three patients, who expressed satisfaction with the results, even though some problems with balance and recurrent ulceration persisted.

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17

Bodzioch, Joy, James W. Roach, and Janette Schkade. "Promoting Independence in Adolescent Paraplegics." Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 6, no. 2 (March 1986): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01241398-198603000-00015.

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18

Cochran, Thomas P., James C. Bayley, and Michael Smith. "Lower Extremity Fractures in Paraplegics." Journal of Spinal Disorders 1, no. 3 (March 1988): 219???223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002517-198803000-00007.

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19

Peterkin, George A., Krzysztof Moroz, and Edward S. Kondi. "Proctitis cystica profunda in paraplegics." Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 35, no. 12 (December 1992): 1174–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02251972.

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20

Ladinez Garces, Johanna, and Giceya de la Caridad Maqueira Caraballo. "Actividades físicas–recreativas e inclusión: Una experiencia con adultos parapléjicos de la Asociación Asopléjica." Ciencia Digital 4, no. 4.1 (November 8, 2020): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33262/cienciadigital.v4i4.1.1451.

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The care of people with physical-motor limitations (paraplegics), given the variability of cases, etiologies, forms of classification, level of commitment and performance that occurs between one paraplegic person and another, make the inclusion processes continue to constitute a great challenge. In an observation carried out in the Asoplegic Association of the city of Guayaquil, it was detected that regardless of the programs that are developed, there are limitations for the practice of physical-recreational activities by the paraplegic adults that make up the association, negatively affecting their performance and social inclusion. The research that is presented aims to: Provide a system of physical-recreational activities conducive to the inclusion of paraplegic adults from the Asoplegic Association of Guayaquil to the practice of physical sports activities. A descriptive, non-experimental methodology was followed with the use of theoretical and empirical methods and the use of techniques such as the survey, achieving the results of providing a system of physical-recreational activities, composed of 4 blocks (Gymnastic Activities in Wheelchairs, Activities Wheelchair Adapted Sports, Wheelchair Adapted Recreational Activities, Wheelchair Dance Therapy). The assessment made by the evaluating specialists who agreed on the usefulness and benefits of the proposed activity system was very significant, considering it as a timely alternative to facilitate the processes of inclusion of paraplegic adults who are members of the Asoplegic Association.

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21

Moore, Patricia. "The ParaWalker: Walking for thoracic paraplegics." Physiotherapy Practice 4, no. 1 (January 1988): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09593988809161437.

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22

CHANTRAINE, A., J. M. CRIELAARD, P. FRANCHIMONT, and F. PIRNAY. "ENERGY EXPENDITURE OF AMBULATION IN PARAPLEGICS." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 17, no. 2 (April 1985): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198504000-00493.

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23

Camp, E. M., and G. C. Gass. "DO PARAPLEGICS ACCLIMATE TO PASSIVE HEAT?" Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 21, Supplement (April 1989): S96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198904001-00570.

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24

&NA;. "Verapamil improves bladder function in paraplegics." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 757 (October 1990): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199007570-00043.

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25

White, Kevin, Navneet Gupta, Paul Sandford, and Farhad Sepah Panah. "POSTER BOARD 108: BMI IN PARAPLEGICS." American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 84, no. 3 (March 2005): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002060-200503000-00144.

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26

&NA;. "FDA Approves Walking Aid for Paraplegics." Back Letter 9, no. 8 (1994): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00130561-199409080-00009.

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27

Pruthi, N., P. Seetharaman, and Chanchal Seetharaman. "Clothing Related Problems Encountered by Paraplegics." Journal of Human Ecology 17, no. 1 (January 2005): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2005.11905758.

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28

Chapelle, P. A., A. Roby-Brami, M. Jondet, T. Piechaud, and B. Bussel. "Trophic effects on testes in paraplegics." Spinal Cord 31, no. 9 (September 1993): 576–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sc.1993.93.

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29

Solomonow, M. "Performance of walking orthosis for paraplegics." Gait & Posture 3, no. 2 (June 1995): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0966-6362(95)93465-o.

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30

de la Rosa, Ramón, Albano Carrera, Alonso Alonso, Benito Peñasco-Martín, Angel Gil-Agudo, and Evaristo J. Abril. "Myoelectric Gaming in the Rehabilitation of Patients with C7 Spinal Cord Injury." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (May 9, 2019): 1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091912.

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This paper analyses the role of myoelectric games in the rehabilitation of paraplegic patients. The University of Valladolid neuromuscular training system, UVa-NTS platform, which allows the myoelectric command of computer applications, has been introduced in rehabilitation sessions of a group of paraplegic patients. The experiments took place both at the University of Valladolid and at the National Hospital for Paraplegics of Toledo in Spain. A homogeneous population of five patients with a C7 spinal cord injury was compared with a group of control subjects. The myoelectric control was performed with the flexor carpi radialis and the extensor carpi radialis muscles. The myoelectric routines were timed and the game scores measured. Notwithstanding the reduced mobility of the patients, they achieved fast adaptation and better timings than the control subjects in the first experiment (p < 0.001), although this difference was reduced in further experiments. Both patients and control subjects played satisfactorily with the Myo-Pong game. However, the improvement in the scores was better for the control subjects between sessions (p = 0.009) when compared with the patients (p = 0.978). The results show that patients and control subjects were able to perform and reached similar scores. However, patients’ improvement in further rehabilitation sessions was lesser than when compared with the control subjects.

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Salas-Monedero, Miriam, Víctor Cereijo-Herranz, Ana DelosReyes-Guzmán, Yolanda Pérez-Borrego, Angel Gil-Agudo, Fuensanta García-Martín, José-Carlos Pulido-Pascual, and Elisa López-Dolado. "Smoothness and Efficiency Metrics Behavior after an Upper Extremity Training with Robic Humanoid Robot in Paediatric Spinal Cord Injured Patients." Applied Sciences 13, no. 8 (April 15, 2023): 4979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13084979.

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The upper extremity behavior in smoothness and efficiency metrics should be different between paraplegic and tetraplegic patients. The aim of this article was to analyze the behavior of these metrics after receiving upper extremity training with the humanoid robot Robic as a treatment. Ten pediatric patients participated in the study and completed ten experimental sessions with Robic. Patients were assessed at baseline and at ending the training using the Box and Block test and a non-immersive virtual application based on the Leap Motion Controller available in the RehabHand software. From this application, the smoothness metric was calculated as the number of peaks or units of movement detected in the velocity profile of the hand during the execution of the task, and the efficiency metric was assessed by calculating the length of the hand trajectory. Patients with tetraplegia had a significantly longer trajectory (286.01 ± 59.87 mm) than paraplegics (123.61 ± 17.14 mm) in the baseline situation. However, at the end of the training, there were no differences between them. In the Box and Block test, the paraplegic group passed more cubes than tetraplegics. In conclusion, the first experience with a Robic robot in SCI was very positive, with observed improvements in upper extremity dexterity in trained patients.

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H. S., Ravi, and Milind A. Mehta. "A study to assess the various factors and treatment modalities of pressure sore in a tertiary care hospital." International Surgery Journal 6, no. 7 (June 29, 2019): 2324. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20192559.

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Background: Pressure sores can cause physical, social and psychological suffering. The distress is caused by local factors such as pain, wound exudates and malodour (which may lead to social isolation), delayed rehabilitation (which may result in economic hardship), and serious complications such as cellulitis, osteomyelitis, septicemia, limb amputation and death. The objective of the study was to assess the various factors affecting the outcome of pressure sore and various treatment modalities in the management of pressure sore.Methods: A hospital based prospective study was carried out from August 2007 to January 2010 at V S Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. All the cases admitted with pressure sores in the hospital across all the departments were included in the study. A total of 50 cases of pressure sores which met our inclusion criteria were included in the study.Results: 50 patients of pressure sore were studied out of which, 28 (56%) patients are non-paraplegics and 22 (44%) patients are paraplegic. The most common site is sacral region 45 (60.8%), followed by ischial region 12 (16.2%) and Trochanteric region 10 (13.5%). 47 (94%) patients were treated with systemic antibiotics and 6 (12%) patients were treated with muscle relaxants for spasticity.Conclusions: Non ambulatory paraplegic patients with deep pressure sores needs surgical intervention to cover the pressure sore; while non-paraplegic patients with superficial pressure sores can be treated successfully by conservative line of management and deep pressure sores needs to be operated.

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Beye, M. N., and D. Diouf. "EVALUATION DES VARIABLES MECANIQUES LORS DE LA LOCOMOTION SUR TRICYCLES DES PARAPLEGIQUES." International Journal of Advanced Research 12, no. 06 (June 30, 2024): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/18907.

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The aim of this study was to quantify the average mechanical variables when moving paraplegics on two types of tricycles. The latter are means of transport that have been made at the national center for orthopedic equipment in Senegal to improve or preserve the autonomy of paraplegics. However, to our knowledge, no scientific study has been conducted to assess the mechanical parameters of these devices. Methods:Twenty male paraplegics participated in the study. The subjects had traveled a distance of 4800 meters with the outrigger and pedal tricycles. On arrival, the level of arduous effort, the mechanical variables of locomotion on a tricycle were determined. Results: The results showed that seventy-five percent (75%) of the subjects, i.e. 15/20, perceived the tricycle locomotion exercise as easy. Regarding the average speed respectively on the pedal tricycle and on the pendulum tricycle, it was 2.03 m/s and 1.86 m/s. The average power developed was 54.15 W and 50.15 W on the pedal tricycle and on the pendulum tricycle respectively. The mechanical work provided was 139.68 KJ and 138.67 KJ respectively on the pedal tricycle and on the pendulum tricycle. The average energy expenditure on the pendulum tricycle was 879.89 KJ and that on the pedal tricycle was 801.51 KJ. The average locomotion efficiency on the pedal tricycle was 19.87% and 16.62% on the pendulum tricycle.

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34

Kim, Joon-young, James K. Mills, Albert H. Vette, and Milos R. Popovic. "Optimal Combination of Minimum Degrees of Freedom to be Actuated in the Lower Limbs to Facilitate Arm-Free Paraplegic Standing." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 129, no. 6 (March 16, 2007): 838–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2800767.

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Arm-free paraplegic standing via functional electrical stimulation (FES) has drawn much attention in the biomechanical field as it might allow a paraplegic to stand and simultaneously use both arms to perform daily activities. However, current FES systems for standing require that the individual actively regulates balance using one or both arms, thus limiting the practical use of these systems. The purpose of the present study was to show that actuating only six out of 12 degrees of freedom (12-DOFs) in the lower limbs to allow paraplegics to stand freely is theoretically feasible with respect to multibody stability and physiological torque limitations of the lower limb DOF. Specifically, the goal was to determine the optimal combination of the minimum DOF that can be realistically actuated using FES while ensuring stability and able-bodied kinematics during perturbed arm-free standing. The human body was represented by a three-dimensional dynamics model with 12-DOFs in the lower limbs. Nakamura’s method (Nakamura, Y., and Ghodoussi, U., 1989, “Dynamics Computation of Closed-Link Robot Mechanisms With Nonredundant and Redundant Actuators,” IEEE Trans. Rob. Autom., 5(3), pp. 294–302) was applied to estimate the joint torques of the system using experimental motion data from four healthy subjects. The torques were estimated by applying our previous finding that only 6 (6-DOFs) out of 12-DOFs in the lower limbs need to be actuated to facilitate stable standing. Furthermore, it was shown that six cases of 6-DOFs exist, which facilitate stable standing. In order to characterize each of these cases in terms of the torque generation patterns and to identify a potential optimal 6-DOF combination, the joint torques during perturbations in eight different directions were estimated for all six cases of 6-DOFs. The results suggest that the actuation of both ankle flexion∕extension, both knee flexion∕extension, one hip flexion∕extension, and one hip abduction∕adduction DOF will result in the minimum torque requirements to regulate balance during perturbed standing. To facilitate unsupported FES-assisted standing, it is sufficient to actuate only 6-DOFs. An optimal combination of 6-DOFs exists, for which this system can generate able-bodied kinematics while requiring lower limb joint torques that are producible using contemporary FES technology. These findings suggest that FES-assisted arm-free standing of paraplegics is theoretically feasible, even when limited by the fact that muscles actuating specific DOFs are often denervated or difficult to access.

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35

Kang, Sung Jae, Jei Cheong Ryu, Gyoo Suk Kim, and Mu Seong Mun. "Hip Joint Control of PGO for Paraplegics." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.735.

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In this study, we developed a fuzzy-logic-controlled PGO (Power Gait Othosis) that controls the flexion and extension of each PGO joint using bio-signals and an FSR sensor. The PGO driving system works to couple the right and left sides of the orthosis by specially-designed hip joints and pelvic section. This driving system consists of the orthosis, sensor, and control system. An air supply system for muscle action is composed of an air compressor, 2-way solenoid valve (MAC, USA), accumulator and pressure sensor. The role of this system is to provide constant “air muscle” with compressed air at the hip joint. With the output signal of the EMG and foot sensors, air muscles assist the flexion of the hip joint during the PGO gait.

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36

Nally, C., and S. O??Riain. "Surgical repair of decubitus ulcers in paraplegics." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 75, no. 2 (February 1985): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198502000-00109.

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37

Steinberg, L. L., M. MM Sposito, F. AA Lauro, P. SB Silva, P. C. Torres, I. C. Pi??arro, and A. C. Silva. "PLASMA LEVEL OF CATHECOLAMINES IN PARAPLEGICS 850." Medicine &amp Science in Sports &amp Exercise 28, Supplement (May 1996): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199605001-00848.

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38

Noreau, Luc, and Roy J. Shephard. "Physical fitness and productive activity of paraplegics." Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation 3, no. 3 (June 1992): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15438629209511944.

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39

Gruber, U. F., and F. Thöni. "Prevention of thrombo-embolic complications in paraplegics." Spinal Cord 23, no. 2 (April 1985): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sc.1985.21.

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40

Popović, Dejan, Milovan Radulović, Laszlo Schwirtlich, and Novak Jauković. "Automatic vs hand-controlled walking of paraplegics." Medical Engineering & Physics 25, no. 1 (January 2003): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4533(02)00188-1.

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41

Coutts, K. D., E. C. Rhodes, and D. C. McKenzie. "Submaximal exercise responses of tetraplegics and paraplegics." Journal of Applied Physiology 59, no. 1 (July 1, 1985): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.1.237.

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This study describes responses of 21 wheelchair users to a continuous, increasing work rate test to exhaustion on a wheelchair ergometer. Heart rate, ventilation, O2 uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, ventilation equivalent for O2, and O2 pulse were determined for each minute. Subjects were divided into tetraplegic (n = 8), high-lesion paraplegic (n = 6), and low-lesion paraplegic (n = 7) groups. Linear regression analyses, with O2 uptake as the independent variable, were used to determine the strength of relationships within each group and differences between groups in slopes and intercepts of regression equations. All variables were significantly (P less than 0.05) related to O2 uptake (r = 0.42–0.94). The only significant difference between the high- and low-lesion paraplegic groups was for heart rate intercept, as the heart rate for the low-lesion group tended to be lower at any given O2 uptake. Tetraplegics had a higher intercept and/or slope for ventilation equivalent, ventilation, and respiratory exchange ratio and lower intercepts for heart rate and O2 pulse. These differences in responses to a progressive exercise task are logically related to the differences in maximal O2 uptake, functional muscle mass, and vasomotor and cardiac control of the groups.

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42

Finsen, V., B. Indredavik, and K. J. Fougner. "Bone mineral and hormone status in paraplegics." Spinal Cord 30, no. 5 (May 1992): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sc.1992.80.

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43

GOLDBERG, BERTRAM. "Hip Disarticulation for Paraplegics With Decubitus Ulcers." Archives of Surgery 123, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1988.01400260146021.

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44

Thomas, Linda T., and James E. Thomas. "The Effects of Handicap, Sex and Competence.on Expected Performance, Hiring and Salary Recommendations." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 16, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.16.1.19.

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The purpose of this stud;'was to examine current trends in employer and potential employer attitudes regarding the hiring of individuals with different types of handicap. Highly or barely competent, hypothetical males and females with either paraplegia, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, or no handicap were evaluated by 334 upper division industrial technology students for the position of electrical technician. No differences were found in the evaluations of job candidates based on sex, or handicap vs. no handicap classifications; however, competence and type of hahdicap were found to affect decisions. Paraplegics received the most favorable ratings while those with multiple sclerosis received the poorest ratings in terms of both expected performance on the job and hiring decisions. The competence of an individual was clearly the most dominant factor in influencing evaluative decisions. Post hoc analyses revealed no differences between the attitudes of male and female raters toward the disabled, but significant interactions regarding salary recommendations. The implications of these results are discussed, and directions for future research suggested.

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Ashta, Kuldeep Kumar, and Ravi Kumar. "Prevalence of resting bradycardia, resting hypotension and orthostatic hypotension in chronic spinal cord injury patients." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 4, no. 5 (September 22, 2017): 1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20174146.

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Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event which usually leads to the impairment of autonomic nervous system and also causes many acute and chronic complications. There are very few clinical tests to assess the proper functioning of the autonomic nervous system. So, it is hypothesized to access the presence of resting bradycardia, resting hypotension and orthostatic hypotension and to use them as indirect indicators for the autonomic dysfunction in chronic spine cord injury (SCI) patients.Methods: The study was an analytic cross-sectional study, to assess the prevalence of resting bradycardia, resting hypotension and orthostatic hypotension in the spinal cord injury patients.Results: This study was conducted on 87 SCI patients, out of which 58 were paraplegics (21 having complete spinal cord injury, 37 with incomplete spinal cord injury) and 29 tetraplegics (13 with complete spinal cord injury, 16 with incomplete spinal cord injury). Orthostatic hypotension (67% vs 48.65%), resting hypotension (38.09% versus 29.7%) and resting bradycardia (33.33% versus 27.03%) were more amongst paraplegics patients with complete spinal cord injury as compared to paraplegics with incomplete spinal cord injury patients. All tetraplegic patients with complete spinal cord injury had resting bradycardia. Orthostatic hypotension, resting hypotension was found to be greater in tetraplegic patients with complete spinal cord injury.Conclusions: Complications due to autonomic impairment pose day to day difficulties in life of chronic SCI patients hampering their quality of life. So, the assessment of autonomic functions must be a part of clinical evaluation of individuals with SCI and efforts must be made to tackle these complications in the best possible way.

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Choi, Jungsu, Byeonghun Na, Pyeong-Gook Jung, Dong-wook Rha, and Kyoungchul Kong. "WalkON Suit: A Wearable Robot for Complete paraplegics." Journal of Korea Robotics Society 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7746/jkros.2017.12.2.116.

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YAMASAKI, Masahiro, Masanori IRIZAWA, Kojiro ISHII, and Takashi KOMURA. "Work Efficiency of Paraplegics during Arm Cranking Exercise." Annals of physiological anthropology 12, no. 2 (1993): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2114/ahs1983.12.79.

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48

LEE, BOK Y., NANAKRAM AGARWAL, LISBETH CORCORAN, WILLIAM THODEN, and LOUIS R. M. DEL GUERCIO. "Assessment of nutritional and metabolic status of paraplegics." Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 22, no. 3 (1985): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/jrrd.1985.07.0011.

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49

Akinyemi, O., H. Adeyemi, S. Giwa, and T. Adeboje. "Development of Anthropometric Database for Paraplegics in Nigeria." British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2015/17602.

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50

Asayama, Ko, Hiroaki Koga, Kesateru Koga, Taiji Shido, Hajime Ogata, Hiroyuki Yonemitsu, and Kazuo Hatada. "Exercise for Improving Physical Work Capacity on Paraplegics." Orthopedics & Traumatology 37, no. 2 (1988): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5035/nishiseisai.37.408.

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