Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Paramedic learning'
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Taylor, Natasha. "Fear, performance and power : a study of simulation learning in paramedic education." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2012. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/42405/.
Full textHobbs, Lisa Rose. "Australasian paramedic attitudes and perceptions about continuing professional development." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/134081/1/Lisa%20Rose%20Hobbs%20Thesis_Redacted.pdf.
Full textVillers, Lance Carlton. "Influences of situated cognition on tracheal intubation skill acquisition in paramedic education." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2714.
Full textJones, Indra. "Reflective practice and the learning of health care students." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/3471.
Full textLiebenberg, Nuraan. "A critical analysis of pre-hospital clinical mentorship to enable learning in emergency medical care." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2737.
Full textFor emergency medical care (EMC), clinical mentorship can be thought of as the relationship between the EMC students and qualified emergency care personnel. Through this relationship, students may be guided, supported and provided with information to develop knowledge, skills, and professional attributes needed for delivering quality clinical emergency care. However, this relationship is poorly understood and the focus of this research was to explore how this relationship enabled or constrained learning. Through having experienced mentorship, first as a student in EMC, then as an operational paramedic, mentoring students, I was privy to an insider perspective of clinical mentorship, and the experiences of fellow students‘. Through this experience the practices I observed may not have promoted learning. This is when my interest in pre-hospital clinical mentorship in relation to learning began. The aim of this research was to present a qualitative analysis of the clinical mentorship relationship in pre-hospital EMC involving the qualified pre-hospital emergency care practitioner (ECP) and the EMC student. The objectives included gaining an understanding of what enabled and/or constrained learning EMC, exploring clinical mentorship and learning in the pre-hospital EMC context, and gaining understanding of the role and scope of community members in the clinical mentorship activity system. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively document, by means of a thematic analysis, the pre-hospital clinical mentorship relationship, as well as document, by means of a Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) analysis, the clinical mentorship activity system. The focus of this qualitative documentation was the enablements and constraints to learning during clinical mentorship. This research also made possible recommendations for EMC clinical mentorship and education and may also inform (PBEC) policy, as well as work integrated learning (WIL) policy. Data collection included the use of diaries and focus group interviews. Analysis involved a two-part analysis, where data was reduced and understood with thematic analysis guided by Braun and Clarke (2006) six phase thematic analysis process (explained in Chapter three, Section 3.6). Thereafter, a CHAT analysis was conducted to uncover contradictions within the clinical mentorship activity system that made working on the object of activity difficult, thereby also uncovering constraints to learning. Inductive reasoning was applied to the thematic analysis to reduce data and identify themes and subthemes which provided insight into the enablements and constraints to learning in the pre-hospital EMC clinical mentorship relationship. The CHAT analysis of the data collected and analysed brought to surface the affordances, tensions as well as the primary-level and secondary-level contradictions of the clinical mentorship activity system. The thematic analysis of the clinical mentorship relationship provided limited understanding of the enablements and constraints to learning, and thus further motivated deeper analysis with CHAT. The results of this research included primary and secondary-level contradictions for almost all elements of the clinical mentorship activity system. Contradictions amongst the Division of Labour (DoL), the rules of the activity system, and the tools/resources of the activity system existed in that it constrained the interaction and activity of the subject and the community while working on the object of the activity system possibly achieving a lesser or undesired outcome of clinical mentorship.
Lau, Man-kin, and 劉文建. "Learning by example for parametric font design." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41897183.
Full textZewdie, Dawit (Dawit Habtamu). "Representation discovery in non-parametric reinforcement learning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91883.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 71-73).
Recent years have seen a surge of interest in non-parametric reinforcement learning. There are now practical non-parametric algorithms that use kernel regression to approximate value functions. The correctness guarantees of kernel regression require that the underlying value function be smooth. Most problems of interest do not satisfy this requirement in their native space, but can be represented in such a way that they do. In this thesis, we show that the ideal representation is one that maps points directly to their values. Existing representation discovery algorithms that have been used in parametric reinforcement learning settings do not, in general, produce such a representation. We go on to present Fit-Improving Iterative Representation Adjustment (FIIRA), a novel framework for function approximation and representation discovery, which interleaves steps of value estimation and representation adjustment to increase the expressive power of a given regression scheme. We then show that FIIRA creates representations that correlate highly with value, giving kernel regression the power to represent discontinuous functions. Finally, we extend kernel-based reinforcement learning to use FIIRA and show that this results in performance improvements on three benchmark problems: Mountain-Car, Acrobot, and PinBall.
by Dawit Zewdie.
M. Eng.
Lau, Man-kin. "Learning by example for parametric font design." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41897183.
Full textNikbakht, Silab Rasoul. "Unsupervised learning for parametric optimization in wireless networks." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671246.
Full textAqueta tesis estudia l’optimització paramètrica a les xarxes cel.lulars i xarxes cell-free, explotant els paradigmes basats en dades i basats en experts. L’assignació i control de la potencia, que ajusten la potencia de transmissió per complir amb diferents criteris d’equitat com max-min o max-product, son tasques crucials en les telecomunicacions inalàmbriques pertanyents a la categoria d’optimització paramètrica. Les tècniques d’última generació per al control i assignació de la potència solen exigir enormes costos computacionals i no son adequats per aplicacions en temps real. Per abordar aquesta qüestió, desenvolupem una tècnica de propòsit general utilitzant aprenentatge no supervisat per resoldre optimitzacions paramètriques; i al mateix temps ampliem el reconegut algoritme de control de potencia fraccionada. En el paradigma basat en dades, creem un marc d’aprenentatge no supervisat que defineix una xarxa neuronal (NN, sigles de Neural Network en Anglès) especifica, incorporant coneixements experts a la funció de cost de la NN per resoldre els problemes de control i assignació de potència. Dins d’aquest enfocament, s’entrena una NN de tipus feedforward mitjançant el mostreig repetit en l’espai de paràmetres, però, en lloc de resoldre completament el problema d’optimització associat, es pren un sol pas en la direcció del gradient de la funció objectiu. El mètode resultant ´es aplicable tant als problemes d’optimització convexos com no convexos. Això ofereix una acceleració de dos a tres ordres de magnitud en els problemes de control i assignació de potencia en comparació amb un algoritme de resolució convexa—sempre que sigui aplicable. En el paradigma dirigit per experts, investiguem l’extensió del control de potencia fraccionada a les xarxes sense cèl·lules. La solució tancada resultant pot ser avaluada per a l’enllaç de pujada i el de baixada sense esforç i assoleix una solució (gaire) òptima en el cas de l’enllaç de pujada. En ambdós paradigmes, ens centrem especialment en els guanys a gran escala—la quantitat d’atenuació que experimenta la potencia mitja local rebuda. La naturalesa de variació lenta dels guanys a gran escala relaxa la necessitat d’una actualització freqüent de les solucions tant en el paradigma basat en dades com en el basat en experts, permetent d’aquesta manera l’ús dels dos mètodes en aplicacions en temps real.
Esta tesis estudia la optimización paramétrica en las redes celulares y redes cell-free, explorando los paradigmas basados en datos y en expertos. La asignación y el control de la potencia, que ajustan la potencia de transmisión para cumplir con diferentes criterios de equidad como max-min o max-product, son tareas cruciales en las comunicaciones inalámbricas pertenecientes a la categoría de optimización paramétrica. Los enfoques más modernos de control y asignación de la potencia suelen exigir enormes costes computacionales y no son adecuados para aplicaciones en tiempo real. Para abordar esta cuestión, desarrollamos un enfoque de aprendizaje no supervisado de propósito general que resuelve las optimizaciones paramétricas y a su vez ampliamos el reconocido algoritmo de control de potencia fraccionada. En el paradigma basado en datos, creamos un marco de aprendizaje no supervisado que define una red neuronal (NN, por sus siglas en inglés) específica, incorporando conocimiento de expertos a la función de coste de la NN para resolver los problemas de control y asignación de potencia. Dentro de este enfoque, se entrena una NN de tipo feedforward mediante el muestreo repetido del espacio de parámetros, pero, en lugar de resolver completamente el problema de optimización asociado, se toma un solo paso en la dirección del gradiente de la función objetivo. El método resultante es aplicable tanto a los problemas de optimización convexos como no convexos. Ofrece una aceleración de dos a tres órdenes de magnitud en los problemas de control y asignación de potencia, en comparación con un algoritmo de resolución convexo—siempre que sea aplicable. Dentro del paradigma dirigido por expertos, investigamos la extensión del control de potencia fraccionada a las redes cell-free. La solución de forma cerrada resultante puede ser evaluada para el enlace uplink y el downlink sin esfuerzo y alcanza una solución (casi) óptima en el caso del enlace uplink. En ambos paradigmas, nos centramos especialmente en las large-scale gains— la cantidad de atenuación que experimenta la potencia media local recibida. La naturaleza lenta y variable de las ganancias a gran escala relaja la necesidad de una actualización frecuente de las soluciones tanto en el paradigma basado en datos como en el basado en expertos, permitiendo el uso de ambos métodos en aplicaciones en tiempo real.
Nasios, Nikolaos. "Bayesian learning for parametric and kernel density estimation." Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428460.
Full textSmirnov, Dmitriy S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Deep learning-based methods for parametric shape prediction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122770.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 67-76).
Many tasks in graphics and vision demand machinery for converting shapes into representations with sparse sets of parameters; these representations facilitate rendering, editing, and storage. When the source data is noisy or ambiguous, however, artists and engineers often manually construct such representations, a tedious and potentially time-consuming process. While advances in deep learning have been successfully applied to noisy geometric data, the task of generating parametric shapes has so far been difficult for these methods. In this thesis, we consider the task of deep parametric shape prediction from two distinct angles. First, we propose a new framework for predicting parametric shape primitives using distance fields to transition between parameters like control points and input data on a raster grid. We demonstrate efficacy on 2D and 3D tasks, including font vectorization and surface abstraction. Second, we look at the problem of sketch-based modeling. Sketch-based modeling aims to model 3D geometry using a concise and easy to create but extremely ambiguous input: artist sketches. While most conventional sketch-based modeling systems target smooth shapes and put manually-designed priors on the 3D shapes, we present a system to infer a complete man-made 3D shape, composed of parametric surfaces, from a single bitmap sketch. In particular, we introduce our parametric representation as well as several specially designed loss functions. We also propose a data generation and augmentation pipeline for sketch. We demonstrate the efficacy of our system on a gallery of synthetic and real sketches as well as via comparison to related work.
"Supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. 1122374, the Toyota-CSAIL Joint Research Center, and the Skoltech-MIT Next Generation Program"
by Dmitriy Smirnov.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Bratières, Sébastien. "Non-parametric Bayesian models for structured output prediction." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/274973.
Full textLarson, Barbara Keelor. "Informal workplace learning and partner relationships among paramedics in the prehospital setting /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1991. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10258784.
Full textTypescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Victoria Marsick. Dissertation Committee: William Yakowitz. Includes bibliographical references: (leaves 205-223).
Angola, Enrique. "Novelty Detection Of Machinery Using A Non-Parametric Machine Learning Approach." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/923.
Full textPorter, Robert Mceuen. "Application of Machine Learning and Parametric NURBS Geometry to Mode Shape Identification." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5744.
Full textBartcus, Marius. "Bayesian non-parametric parsimonious mixtures for model-based clustering." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL0010/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on statistical learning and multi-dimensional data analysis. It particularly focuses on unsupervised learning of generative models for model-based clustering. We study the Gaussians mixture models, in the context of maximum likelihood estimation via the EM algorithm, as well as in the Bayesian estimation context by maximum a posteriori via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling techniques. We mainly consider the parsimonious mixture models which are based on a spectral decomposition of the covariance matrix and provide a flexible framework particularly for the analysis of high-dimensional data. Then, we investigate non-parametric Bayesian mixtures which are based on general flexible processes such as the Dirichlet process and the Chinese Restaurant Process. This non-parametric model formulation is relevant for both learning the model, as well for dealing with the issue of model selection. We propose new Bayesian non-parametric parsimonious mixtures and derive a MCMC sampling technique where the mixture model and the number of mixture components are simultaneously learned from the data. The selection of the model structure is performed by using Bayes Factors. These models, by their non-parametric and sparse formulation, are useful for the analysis of large data sets when the number of classes is undetermined and increases with the data, and when the dimension is high. The models are validated on simulated data and standard real data sets. Then, they are applied to a real difficult problem of automatic structuring of complex bioacoustic data issued from whale song signals. Finally, we open Markovian perspectives via hierarchical Dirichlet processes hidden Markov models
Mukora, Audrey Etheline. "Learning curves and engineering assessment of emerging energy technologies : onshore wind." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8968.
Full textIon-Margineanu, Adrian. "Machine learning for classifying abnormal brain tissue progression based on multi-parametric Magnetic Resonance data." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1224/document.
Full textMachine learning is a subdiscipline in the field of artificial intelligence, which focuses on algorithms capable of adapting their parameters based on a set of observed data, by optimizing an objective or cost function. Machine learning has been the subject of large interest in the biomedical community because it can improve sensitivity and/or specificity of detection and diagnosis of any disease, while increasing the objectivity of the decision-making process. With the late increase in volume and complexity of medical data being collected, there is a clear need for applying machine learning algorithms in multi-parametric analysis for new detection and diagnostic modalities. Biomedical imaging is becoming indispensable for healthcare, as multiple modalities, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computed Tomography, and Positron Emission Tomography, are being increasingly used in both research and clinical settings. The non-invasive standard for brain imaging is MRI, as it can provide structural and functional brain maps with high resolution, all within acceptable scanning times. However, with the increase of MRI data volume and complexity, it is becoming more time consuming and difficult for clinicians to integrate all data and make accurate decisions. The aim of this thesis is to develop machine learning methods for automated preprocessing and diagnosis of abnormal brain tissues, in particular for the followup of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Current conventional MRI (cMRI) techniques are very useful in detecting the main features of brain tumours and MS lesions, such as size and location, but are insufficient in specifying the grade or evolution of the disease. Therefore, the acquisition of advanced MRI, such as perfusion weighted imaging (PWI), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), is necessary to provide complementary information such as blood flow, tissue organisation, and metabolism, induced by pathological changes. In the GBM experiments our aim is to discriminate and predict the evolution of patients treated with standard radiochemotherapy and immunotherapy based on conventional and advanced MRI data. In the MS experiments our aim is to discriminate between healthy subjects and MS patients, as well as between different MS forms, based only on clinical and MRSI data. As a first experiment in GBM follow-up, only advanced MRI parameters were explored on a relatively small subset of patients. Average PWI parameters computed on manually delineated regions of interest (ROI) were found to be perfect biomarkers for predicting GBM evolution one month prior to the clinicians. In a second experiment in GBM follow-up of a larger subset of patients, MRSI was replaced by cMRI, while PWI and DKI parameter quantification was automated. Feature extraction was done on semi-manual tumour delineations, thereby reducing the time put by the clinician for manual delineating the contrast enhancing (CE) ROI. Learning a modified boosting algorithm on features extracted from semi-manual ROIs was shown to provide very high accuracy results for GBM diagnosis. In a third experiment in GBM follow-up of an extended subset of patients, a modified version of parametric response maps (PRM) was proposed to take into account the most likely infiltration area of the tumour, reducing even further the time a clinician would have to put for manual delineating the tumour, because all subsequent MRI scans were registered to the first one. Two types of computing PRM were compared, one based on cMRI and one based on PWI, as features extracted with these two modalities were the best in discriminating the GBM evolution, according to results from the previous two experiments. Results obtained within this last GBM analysis showed that using PRM based on cMRI is clearly superior to using PRM based on PWI [etc…]
Mahler, Nicolas. "Machine learning methods for discrete multi-scale fows : application to finance." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749717.
Full textLi, Chao. "Characterising heterogeneity of glioblastoma using multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/287475.
Full textWei, Wei. "Probabilistic Models of Topics and Social Events." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2016. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/941.
Full textGurney, Rebecca L. "Stimulus Generalization to Different levels of Illumination in Paramecium caudatum." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1228768700.
Full textEamrurksiri, Araya. "Applying Machine Learning to LTE/5G Performance Trend Analysis." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statistik och maskininlärning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139126.
Full textElliott, Jason Lynn. "AquaMOOSE 3D: a Constructionist Approach to Math Learning Motivated by Artistic Expression." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7469.
Full textGONÇALVES, JÚNIOR Paulo Mauricio. "Multivariate non-parametric statistical tests to reuse classifiers in recurring concept drifting environments." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12226.
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Fluxos de dados s~ao um modelo de processamento de dados recente, onde os dados chegam continuamente, em grandes quantidades, a altas velocidades, de modo que eles devem ser processados em tempo real. Al em disso, v arias institui c~oes p ublicas e privadas armazenam grandes quantidades de dados que tamb em devem ser processadas. Classi cadores tradicionais n~ao s~ao adequados para lidar com grandes quantidades de dados por basicamente duas raz~oes. Primeiro, eles costumam ler os dados dispon veis v arias vezes at e convergirem, o que e impratic avel neste cen ario. Em segundo lugar, eles assumem que o contexto representado por dados e est avel no tempo, o que pode n~ao ser verdadeiro. Na verdade, a mudan ca de contexto e uma situa c~ao comum em uxos de dados, e e chamado de mudan ca de conceito. Esta tese apresenta o rcd, uma estrutura que oferece uma abordagem alternativa para lidar com os uxos de dados que sofrem de mudan cas de conceito recorrentes. Ele cria um novo classi cador para cada contexto encontrado e armazena uma amostra dos dados usados para constru -lo. Quando uma nova mudan ca de conceito ocorre, rcd compara o novo contexto com os antigos, utilizando um teste estat stico n~ao param etrico multivariado para veri car se ambos os contextos prov^em da mesma distribui c~ao. Se assim for, o classi cador correspondente e reutilizado. Se n~ao, um novo classi cador e gerado e armazenado. Tr^es tipos de testes foram realizados. Um compara o rcd com v arios algoritmos adaptativos (entre as abordagens individuais e de agrupamento) em conjuntos de dados arti ciais e reais, entre os mais utilizados na area de pesquisa de mudan ca de conceito, com mudan cas bruscas e graduais. E observada a capacidade dos classi cadores em representar cada contexto, como eles lidam com as mudan cas de conceito e os tempos de treinamento e teste necess arios para avaliar os conjuntos de dados. Os resultados indicam que rcd teve resultados estat sticos semelhantes ou melhores, em compara c~ao com os outros classi cadores. Nos conjuntos de dados do mundo real, rcd apresentou precis~oes pr oximas do melhor classi cador em cada conjunto de dados. Outro teste compara dois testes estat sticos (knn e Cramer) em suas capacidades de representar e identi car contextos. Os testes foram realizados utilizando classi cadores xi xii RESUMO tradicionais e adaptativos como base do rcd, em conjuntos de dados arti ciais e do mundo real, com v arias taxas de varia c~ao. Os resultados indicam que, em m edia, KNN obteve melhores resultados em compara c~ao com o teste de Cramer, al em de ser mais r apido. Independentemente do crit erio utilizado, rcd apresentou valores mais elevados de precis~ao em compara c~ao com seus respectivos classi cadores base. Tamb em e apresentada uma melhoria do rcd onde os testes estat sticos s~ao executadas em paralelo por meio do uso de um pool de threads. Os testes foram realizados em tr^es processadores com diferentes n umeros de n ucleos. Melhores resultados foram obtidos quando houve um elevado n umero de mudan cas de conceito detectadas, o tamanho das amostras utilizadas para representar cada distribui c~ao de dados era grande, e havia uma alta freq u^encia de testes. Mesmo que nenhuma destas condi c~oes se aplicam, a execu c~ao paralela e seq uencial ainda t^em performances muito semelhantes. Finalmente, uma compara c~ao entre seis diferentes m etodos de detec c~ao de mudan ca de conceito tamb em foi realizada, comparando a precis~ao, os tempos de avalia c~ao, manipula c~ao das mudan cas de conceito, incluindo as taxas de falsos positivos e negativos, bem como a m edia da dist^ancia ao ponto de mudan ca e o seu desvio padr~ao.
Gonçalves, Júnior Paulo Mauricio. "Multivariate non-parametric statistical tests to reuse classifiers in recurring concept drifting environments." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12288.
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Fluxos de dados s~ao um modelo de processamento de dados recente, onde os dados chegam continuamente, em grandes quantidades, a altas velocidades, de modo que eles devem ser processados em tempo real. Al em disso, v arias institui c~oes p ublicas e privadas armazenam grandes quantidades de dados que tamb em devem ser processadas. Classi cadores tradicionais n~ao s~ao adequados para lidar com grandes quantidades de dados por basicamente duas raz~oes. Primeiro, eles costumam ler os dados dispon veis v arias vezes at e convergirem, o que e impratic avel neste cen ario. Em segundo lugar, eles assumem que o contexto representado por dados e est avel no tempo, o que pode n~ao ser verdadeiro. Na verdade, a mudan ca de contexto e uma situa c~ao comum em uxos de dados, e e chamado de mudan ca de conceito. Esta tese apresenta o rcd, uma estrutura que oferece uma abordagem alternativa para lidar com os uxos de dados que sofrem de mudan cas de conceito recorrentes. Ele cria um novo classi cador para cada contexto encontrado e armazena uma amostra dos dados usados para constru -lo. Quando uma nova mudan ca de conceito ocorre, rcd compara o novo contexto com os antigos, utilizando um teste estat stico n~ao param etrico multivariado para veri car se ambos os contextos prov^em da mesma distribui c~ao. Se assim for, o classi cador correspondente e reutilizado. Se n~ao, um novo classi cador e gerado e armazenado. Tr^es tipos de testes foram realizados. Um compara o rcd com v arios algoritmos adaptativos (entre as abordagens individuais e de agrupamento) em conjuntos de dados arti ciais e reais, entre os mais utilizados na area de pesquisa de mudan ca de conceito, com mudan cas bruscas e graduais. E observada a capacidade dos classi cadores em representar cada contexto, como eles lidam com as mudan cas de conceito e os tempos de treinamento e teste necess arios para avaliar os conjuntos de dados. Os resultados indicam que rcd teve resultados estat sticos semelhantes ou melhores, em compara c~ao com os outros classi cadores. Nos conjuntos de dados do mundo real, rcd apresentou precis~oes pr oximas do melhor classi cador em cada conjunto de dados. Outro teste compara dois testes estat sticos (knn e Cramer) em suas capacidades de representar e identi car contextos. Os testes foram realizados utilizando classi cadores tradicionais e adaptativos como base do rcd, em conjuntos de dados arti ciais e do mundo real, com v arias taxas de varia c~ao. Os resultados indicam que, em m edia, KNN obteve melhores resultados em compara c~ao com o teste de Cramer, al em de ser mais r apido. Independentemente do crit erio utilizado, rcd apresentou valores mais elevados de precis~ao em compara c~ao com seus respectivos classi cadores base. Tamb em e apresentada uma melhoria do rcd onde os testes estat sticos s~ao executadas em paralelo por meio do uso de um pool de threads. Os testes foram realizados em tr^es processadores com diferentes n umeros de n ucleos. Melhores resultados foram obtidos quando houve um elevado n umero de mudan cas de conceito detectadas, o tamanho das amostras utilizadas para representar cada distribui c~ao de dados era grande, e havia uma alta freq u^encia de testes. Mesmo que nenhuma destas condi c~oes se aplicam, a execu c~ao paralela e seq uencial ainda t^em performances muito semelhantes. Finalmente, uma compara c~ao entre seis diferentes m etodos de detec c~ao de mudan ca de conceito tamb em foi realizada, comparando a precis~ao, os tempos de avalia c~ao, manipula c~ao das mudan cas de conceito, incluindo as taxas de falsos positivos e negativos, bem como a m edia da dist^ancia ao ponto de mudan ca e o seu desvio padr~ao.
Aghazadeh, Omid. "Data Driven Visual Recognition." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Datorseende och robotik, CVAP, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-145865.
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van, der Wilk Mark. "Sparse Gaussian process approximations and applications." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288347.
Full textAmeyaw, Daniel Adofo [Verfasser], and Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Söffker. "New parametric evaluation and fusion strategy for vibration diagnosis systems and classification approaches applied to machine learning and computer vision systems / Daniel Adofo Ameyaw ; Betreuer: Dirk Söffker." Duisburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1218465220/34.
Full textAl-Jokhadar, Amer. "Towards a socio-spatial parametric grammar for sustainable tall residential buildings in hot-arid regions : learning from the vernacular model of the Middle East and North Africa." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/111874/.
Full textIbrahim, Ayman Wagdy Mohamed. "Predicting glare in open-plan offices using simplified data acquisitions and machine learning algorithms." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/204266/1/Ayman%20Wagdy%20Mohamed_Ibrahim_Thesis.pdf.
Full textLe, Mounier Audrey. "Méta-optimisation pour la calibration automatique de modèles énergétiques bâtiment pour le pilotage anticipatif." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT038/document.
Full textIn order to tackle the actual climate issues, the building field is encouraged to reduce his energetic consumption without changing the occupant’s comfort. In this context, the aim of the ANR PRECCISION project is to develop tools and methods for energetic management of the buildings which needs the use of dynamical thermal models. The PHD works, realise between the G2Elab and the G-SCOP, was focused on models parametric estimation issues. Indeed, uncertainties due to unknown phenomena and the nature of models lead to difficulties for the calibration of the models. Nowadays, this complex procedure is still not automatable: auto-regressive models have a low capacity to extrapolate because of their inadequate structure, whereas the physical models are non-linear regarding many parameters: estimations lead towards local optimums which highly depend on the initial point. In order to eliminate these constraints, several approaches have been explored with physical models adapted for which identifiability studies have been reached on an experimental platform: PREDIS MHI. Different optimisation strategies will be proposed in order to determine the parameters which can be estimated. The first approach uses an analyse a priori of the parametric dispersion, the second one use a meta optimisation which dynamicaly determined as the optimisation sequence, the parameters which can be readjusted. The results are analysed and compared to several approaches (universal models, “simple” identification of all the parameters of a physical model, genetic algorithm …) in different application cases
Liu, Qian. "Deep spiking neural networks." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/deep-spiking-neural-networks(336e6a37-2a0b-41ff-9ffb-cca897220d6c).html.
Full textShandilya, Sharad. "ASSESSMENT AND PREDICTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR STATUS DURING CARDIAC ARREST THROUGH MACHINE LEARNING AND DYNAMICAL TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3198.
Full textMartens, Corentin. "Patient-Derived Tumour Growth Modelling from Multi-Parametric Analysis of Combined Dynamic PET/MR Data." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/320127/5/contratCM.pdf.
Full textLes gliomes sont les tumeurs cérébrales primitives les plus communes et sont associés à un mauvais pronostic. Parmi ces derniers, les gliomes diffus – qui incluent la forme la plus agressive, le glioblastome (GBM) – sont connus pour être hautement infiltrants. Le diagnostic et le suivi des gliomes s'appuient sur la tomographie par émission de positons (TEP) ainsi que l'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM). Cependant, ces techniques d'imagerie ne permettent actuellement pas d'évaluer l'étendue totale de tumeurs aussi infiltrantes ni d'anticiper leurs schémas d'invasion préférentiels, conduisant à une planification sous-optimale du traitement. La modélisation mathématique de la croissance tumorale a été proposée pour répondre à ce problème. Les modèles de croissance tumorale de type réaction-diffusion, qui sont probablement les plus communément utilisés pour la modélisation de la croissance des gliomes diffus, proposent de capturer la prolifération et la migration des cellules tumorales au moyen d'une équation aux dérivées partielles. Bien que le potentiel de tels modèles ait été démontré dans de nombreux travaux pour le suivi des patients et la planification de thérapies, seules quelques applications cliniques restreintes semblent avoir émergé de ces derniers. Ce travail de thèse a pour but de revisiter les modèles de croissance tumorale de type réaction-diffusion en utilisant des technologies de pointe en imagerie médicale et traitement de données, avec pour objectif d'y intégrer des données TEP/IRM multi-paramétriques pour personnaliser davantage le modèle. Le problème de la segmentation des tissus cérébraux dans les images IRM est d'abord adressé, avec pour but de définir un domaine propre au patient pour la résolution du modèle. Une méthode proposée précédemment permettant de dériver un tenseur de diffusion tumoral à partir du tenseur de diffusion de l'eau évalué par imagerie DTI a ensuite été implémentée afin de guider la migration anisotrope des cellules tumorales le long des fibres de matière blanche. L'utilisation de l'imagerie TEP dynamique à la [S-méthyl-11C]méthionine ([11C]MET) est également investiguée pour la génération de cartes de potentiel prolifératif propre au patient afin de nourrir le modèle. Ces investigations ont mené au développement d'un modèle compartimental pour le transport des traceurs TEP dérivés des acides aminés dans les gliomes. Sur base des résultats du modèle compartimental, une nouvelle méthodologie est proposée utilisant l'analyse en composantes principales pour extraire des cartes paramétriques à partir de données TEP dynamiques à la [11C]MET. Le problème de l'estimation des conditions initiales du modèle à partir d'images IRM est ensuite adressé par le biais d'une étude translationelle combinant IRM et histologie menée sur un cas de GBM non-opéré. Différentes stratégies de résolution numérique basées sur les méthodes des différences et éléments finis sont finalement implémentées et comparées. Tous ces développements sont embarqués dans un framework commun permettant d'étudier in silico la croissance des gliomes et fournissant une base solide pour de futures recherches dans le domaine. Cependant, certaines hypothèses communément admises reliant les délimitations des anormalités visibles en IRM à des iso-contours de densité de cellules tumorales ont été invalidée par l'étude translationelle menée, laissant ouverte les questions de l'initialisation et de la validation du modèle. Par ailleurs, l'analyse de l'évolution temporelle de cas réels de gliomes multi-traités démontre les limitations du modèle. Ces dernières affirmations mettent en évidence les obstacles actuels à l'application clinique de tels modèles et ouvrent la voie à de nouvelles possibilités d'amélioration.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Cherief-Abdellatif, Badr-Eddine. "Contributions to the theoretical study of variational inference and robustness." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAG001.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with variational inference and robustness. More precisely, it focuses on the statistical properties of variational approximations and the design of efficient algorithms for computing them in an online fashion, and investigates Maximum Mean Discrepancy based estimators as learning rules that are robust to model misspecification.In recent years, variational inference has been extensively studied from the computational viewpoint, but only little attention has been put in the literature towards theoretical properties of variational approximations until very recently. In this thesis, we investigate the consistency of variational approximations in various statistical models and the conditions that ensure the consistency of variational approximations. In particular, we tackle the special case of mixture models and deep neural networks. We also justify in theory the use of the ELBO maximization strategy, a model selection criterion that is widely used in the Variational Bayes community and is known to work well in practice.Moreover, Bayesian inference provides an attractive online-learning framework to analyze sequential data, and offers generalization guarantees which hold even under model mismatch and with adversaries. Unfortunately, exact Bayesian inference is rarely feasible in practice and approximation methods are usually employed, but do such methods preserve the generalization properties of Bayesian inference? In this thesis, we show that this is indeed the case for some variational inference algorithms. We propose new online, tempered variational algorithms and derive their generalization bounds. Our theoretical result relies on the convexity of the variational objective, but we argue that our result should hold more generally and present empirical evidence in support of this. Our work presents theoretical justifications in favor of online algorithms that rely on approximate Bayesian methods. Another point that is addressed in this thesis is the design of a universal estimation procedure. This question is of major interest, in particular because it leads to robust estimators, a very hot topic in statistics and machine learning. We tackle the problem of universal estimation using a minimum distance estimator based on the Maximum Mean Discrepancy. We show that the estimator is robust to both dependence and to the presence of outliers in the dataset. We also highlight the connections that may exist with minimum distance estimators using L2-distance. Finally, we provide a theoretical study of the stochastic gradient descent algorithm used to compute the estimator, and we support our findings with numerical simulations. We also propose a Bayesian version of our estimator, that we study from both a theoretical and a computational points of view
Hall, Otto. "Inference of buffer queue times in data processing systems using Gaussian Processes : An introduction to latency prediction for dynamic software optimization in high-end trading systems." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-214791.
Full textDenna studie undersöker huruvida Gaussian Process Regression kan appliceras för att utvärdera buffer-kötider i storskaliga dataprocesseringssystem. Dessutom utforskas ifall dataströmsfrekvenser kan generaliseras till en liten delmängd av utfallsrymden. Medmålet att erhålla en grund för dynamisk mjukvaruoptimering introduceras en lovandestartpunkt för fortsatt forskning. Studien riktas mot Direct Market Access system för handel på finansiella marknader, somprocesserar enorma mängder marknadsdata dagligen. På grund av vissa begränsningar axlas ett naivt tillvägagångssätt och väntetider modelleras som en funktion av enbartdatagenomströmning i åtta små historiska tidsinterval. Tränings- och testdataset representeras från ren marknadsdata och pruning-tekniker används för att krympa dataseten med en ungefärlig faktor om 0.0005, för att uppnå beräkningsmässig genomförbarhet. Vidare tas fyra olika implementationer av Gaussian Process Regression i beaktning. De resulterande algorithmerna presterar bra på krympta dataset, med en medel R2 statisticpå 0.8399 över sex testdataset, alla av ungefär samma storlek som träningsdatasetet. Tester på icke krympta dataset indikerar vissa brister från pruning, där input vektorermotsvararande låga latenstider är associerade med mindre exakthet. Slutsatsen dras att beroende på applikation kan dessa brister göra modellen obrukbar. För studiens syftefinnes emellertid att latenstider kan sannerligen modelleras av regressionsalgoritmer. Slutligen diskuteras metoder för förbättrning med hänsyn till både pruning och GaussianProcess Regression, och det öppnas upp för lovande vidare forskning.
Zheng, Wenjing. "Apprentissage ciblé et Big Data : contribution à la réconciliation de l'estimation adaptative et de l’inférence statistique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB044/document.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on developing robust semiparametric methods for complex parameters that emerge at the interface of causal inference and biostatistics, with applications to epidemiological and medical research in the era of Big Data. Specifically, we address two statistical challenges that arise in bridging the disconnect between data-adaptive estimation and statistical inference. The first challenge arises in maximizing information learned from Randomized Control Trials (RCT) through the use of adaptive trial designs. We present a framework to construct and analyze group sequential covariate-adjusted response-adaptive (CARA) RCTs that admits the use of data-adaptive approaches in constructing the randomization schemes and in estimating the conditional response model. This framework adds to the existing literature on CARA RCTs by allowing flexible options in both their design and analysis and by providing robust effect estimates even under model mis-specifications. The second challenge arises from obtaining a Central Limit Theorem when data-adaptive estimation is used to estimate the nuisance parameters. We consider as target parameter of interest the marginal risk difference of the outcome under a binary treatment, and propose a Cross-validated Targeted Minimum Loss Estimator (TMLE), which augments the classical TMLE with a sample-splitting procedure. The proposed Cross-Validated TMLE (CV-TMLE) inherits the double robustness properties and efficiency properties of the classical TMLE , and achieves asymptotic linearity at minimal conditions by avoiding the Donsker class condition
Niaf, Émilie. "Aide au diagnostic du cancer de la prostate par IRM multi-paramétrique : une approche par classification supervisée." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10271/document.
Full textProstate cancer is one of the leading cause of death in France. Multi-parametric MRI is considered the most promising technique for cancer visualisation, opening the way to focal treatments as an alternative to prostatectomy. Nevertheless, its interpretation remains difficult and subject to inter- and intra-observer variability, which motivates the development of expert systems to assist radiologists in making their diagnosis. We propose an original computer-aided diagnosis system returning a malignancy score to any suspicious region outlined on MR images, which can be used as a second view by radiologists. The CAD performances are evaluated based on a clinical database of 30 patients, exhaustively and reliably annotated thanks to the histological ground truth obtained via prostatectomy. Finally, we demonstrate the influence of this system in clinical condition based on a ROC analysis involving 12 radiologists, and show a significant increase of diagnostic accuracy, rating confidence and a decrease in inter-expert variability. Building an anatomo-radiological correlation database is a complex and fastidious task, so that numerous studies base their evaluation analysis on the expertise of one experienced radiologist, which is thus doomed to contain uncertainties. We propose a new classification scheme, based on the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, which is able to account for uncertain data during the learning step. The results obtained, both on toy examples and on our clinical database, demonstrate the potential of this new approach that can be extended to any machine learning problem relying on a probabilitic labelled dataset
Dang, Hong-Phuong. "Approches bayésiennes non paramétriques et apprentissage de dictionnaire pour les problèmes inverses en traitement d'image." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0019/document.
Full textDictionary learning for sparse representation has been widely advocated for solving inverse problems. Optimization methods and parametric approaches towards dictionary learning have been particularly explored. These methods meet some limitations, particularly related to the choice of parameters. In general, the dictionary size is fixed in advance, and sparsity or noise level may also be needed. In this thesis, we show how to perform jointly dictionary and parameter learning, with an emphasis on image processing. We propose and study the Indian Buffet Process for Dictionary Learning (IBP-DL) method, using a bayesian nonparametric approach.A primer on bayesian nonparametrics is first presented. Dirichlet and Beta processes and their respective derivatives, the Chinese restaurant and Indian Buffet processes are described. The proposed model for dictionary learning relies on an Indian Buffet prior, which permits to learn an adaptive size dictionary. The Monte-Carlo method for inference is detailed. Noise and sparsity levels are also inferred, so that in practice no parameter tuning is required. Numerical experiments illustrate the performances of the approach in different settings: image denoising, inpainting and compressed sensing. Results are compared with state-of-the art methods is made. Matlab and C sources are available for sake of reproducibility
Grapa, Anca-Ioana. "Caractérisation des réseaux de fibronectine représentés par des graphes de fibres à partir d'images de microscopie confocale 2D." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4031.
Full textA major constituent of the Extracellular Matrix is a large protein called the Fibronectin (FN). Cellular FN is organized in fibrillar networks and can be assembled differently in the presence of two Extra Domains, EDA and EDB. Our objective was to develop numerical quantitative biomarkers to characterize the geometrical organization of the four FN variants (that differ by the inclusion/exclusion of EDA/EDB) from 2D confocal microscopy images, and to compare sane and cancerous tissues. First, we showed through two classification pipelines, based on curvelet features and deep learning framework, that the FN variants can be distinguished with a similar performance to that of a human annotator. We constructed a graph-based representation of the fibers, which were detected using Gabor filters. Graphspecific attributes were employed to classify the variants, proving that the graph representation embeds relevant information from the confocal images. Furthermore, we identified various techniques capable to differentiate the graphs, allowing us to compare the FN variants quantitatively and qualitatively. Performance analysis using toy graphs showed that the methods, which are based on graph matching and optimal transport, can meaningfully compare graphs. Using the graph-matching framework, we proposed different methodologies for defining the prototype graph, representative of a certain FN class. Additionally, the graph matching served as a tool to compute parameter deformation maps between the variants. These deformation maps were analyzed in a statistical framework showing whether or not the variation of the parameters can be explained by the variance within the same class
Knefati, Muhammad Anas. "Estimation non-paramétrique du quantile conditionnel et apprentissage semi-paramétrique : applications en assurance et actuariat." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2280/document.
Full textThe thesis consists of two parts: One part is about the estimation of conditional quantiles and the other is about supervised learning. The "conditional quantile estimate" part is organized into 3 chapters. Chapter 1 is devoted to an introduction to the local linear regression and then goes on to present the methods, the most used in the literature to estimate the smoothing parameter. Chapter 2 addresses the nonparametric estimation methods of conditional quantile and then gives numerical experiments on simulated data and real data. Chapter 3 is devoted to a new conditional quantile estimator, we propose. This estimator is based on the use of asymmetrical kernels w.r.t. x. We show, under some hypothesis, that this new estimator is more efficient than the other estimators already used. The "supervised learning" part is, too, with 3 chapters: Chapter 4 provides an introduction to statistical learning, remembering the basic concepts used in this part. Chapter 5 discusses the conventional methods of supervised classification. Chapter 6 is devoted to propose a method of transferring a semiparametric model. The performance of this method is shown by numerical experiments on morphometric data and credit-scoring data
Hanna, Hilding. "Experiences of learning, development and preparedness for clinical practice among undergraduate paramedicine students, graduate/intern paramedics and their preceptors: a qualitative systematic review." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/130768.
Full textThesis (MPhil) -- University of Adelaide, Adelaide Medical School, 2020
Essington, Timothy Don. "Learning in simulation: theorizing Ricoeur in a study involving paramedics, pilots, and others." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1302.
Full textAdult Education
Van, Nugteren Benjamin Simon. "Out-of-hospital critical case time intervals occuring in the Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan area, Gauteng, as recorded in a paramedic clinical learning database." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/18508.
Full textWang, Chunping. "Non-parametric Bayesian Learning with Incomplete Data." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/3075.
Full textIn most machine learning approaches, it is usually assumed that data are complete. When data are partially missing due to various reasons, for example, the failure of a subset of sensors, image corruption or inadequate medical measurements, many learning methods designed for complete data cannot be directly applied. In this dissertation we treat two kinds of problems with incomplete data using non-parametric Bayesian approaches: classification with incomplete features and analysis of low-rank matrices with missing entries.
Incomplete data in classification problems are handled by assuming input features to be generated from a mixture-of-experts model, with each individual expert (classifier) defined by a local Gaussian in feature space. With a linear classifier associated with each Gaussian component, nonlinear classification boundaries are achievable without the introduction of kernels. Within the proposed model, the number of components is theoretically ``infinite'' as defined by a Dirichlet process construction, with the actual number of mixture components (experts) needed inferred based upon the data under test. With a higher-level DP we further extend the classifier for analysis of multiple related tasks (multi-task learning), where model components may be shared across tasks. Available data could be augmented by this way of information transfer even when tasks are only similar in some local regions of feature space, which is particularly critical for cases with scarce incomplete training samples from each task. The proposed algorithms are implemented using efficient variational Bayesian inference and robust performance is demonstrated on synthetic data, benchmark data sets, and real data with natural missing values.
Another scenario of interest is to complete a data matrix with entries missing. The recovery of missing matrix entries is not possible without additional assumptions on the matrix under test, and here we employ the common assumption that the matrix is low-rank. Unlike methods with a preset fixed rank, we propose a non-parametric Bayesian alternative based on the singular value decomposition (SVD), where missing entries are handled naturally, and the number of underlying factors is imposed to be small and inferred in the light of observed entries. Although we assume missing at random, the proposed model is generalized to incorporate auxiliary information including missingness features. We also make a first attempt in the matrix-completion community to acquire new entries actively. By introducing a probit link function, we are able to handle counting matrices with the decomposed low-rank matrices latent. The basic model and its extensions are validated on
synthetic data, a movie-rating benchmark and a new data set presented for the first time.
Dissertation
"Statistical Parametric Speech Synthesis using Deep Learning Architectures." 2016. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1292251.
Full text為了更精確地表示韻律上下文,本文定義了層次韻律結構,用以組織音段與超音段特征。本文採用深度學習結構,運用層次化結構的音節級別表示,構建語音合成系統。
受深度置信網絡(Deep Belief Network, DBN)在手寫數字圖像識別和生成方面成功應用的啟發,本文在DBN的框架下對語音頻譜與基頻進行建模。為了適應語音韻律與聲學參數數據包含不同分佈的特點,本文改進原有的DBN成為帶權重的多分佈深度置信網絡(Weighted Multi-Distribution Deep Belief Network, wMD-DBN)。與傳統的基於隱馬爾科夫(Hidden Markov Model, HMM)的方法相比,客觀評測中wMD-DBN生成的頻譜失真度更低,在主觀評測中,wMDDBN也得到了與HMM基線系統整體相似的結果,證明了wMD-DBN的優勢。
在語音研究領域,之前的深度神經網絡(DNN)工作主要集中在語音識別任務中,採用DNN作為分類器以得到更好的聲學模型。本文將DNN作為生成模型,并使用它在語音合成中做韻律特征到聲學特征的映射。另一方面,DNN建模的是條件概率,而不像DBN建模的是聯合概率,這使得特征映射更加符合直觀感覺。與wMD-DBN相似,本文在DNN的輸出層採用了多分佈的輸出層。本文同時為具有不尋常分佈的聲學特征設計了特殊的損失函數(Loss Function)。為了使模型得到好的效果,本文採用生成式預訓練的DBN作為模型初始化,以構建多分佈深度神經網絡(MD-DNN)結構。主觀與客觀評測顯示,MD-DNN模型比wMD-DBN和HMM模型合成的語音具有更高的自然度。
This thesis presents a statistical parametric speech synthesis framework using the deep learning techniques and models. Existing speech synthesis face two main challenges – the complexity of expressing speech prosody with its acoustic realizations and sparsity of training data. Both of them limit the naturalness of synthesized speech. This thesis attempts to improve the synthesis performance in terms of speech naturalness, by leveraging the modeling power of deep learningarchitectures.
To precisely represent the linguistic contexts, we defined a hierarchical prosodic structure to organize both the segmental and suprasegmental features, and proposed a syllable-level representation of the hierarchical structure for speech synthesis using deep learning architectures.
Inspired by Deep Belief Network’s (DBN’s) success in handwriting digit im age recognition and generation, we propose to model the speech spectrograms in addition to F0 contours as 2-D images in the DBN framework. In order to fit the speech prosodic and acoustic parameters consisting of data with various distributions, we adopt the original model into a Weighted Multi-Distribution DBN(wMD-DBN). Compared with the predominant HMM-based approach, objective evaluation shows that the spectrum generated from wMD-DBN has less distortion. Subjective tests also confirm the advantage of spectrum from wMD-DBN, and the wMD-DBN system gives a similar overall quality as the HMM baseline.
Previous work on DNN in the speech community mainly focused on using it as a classifier for better acoustic modeling in speech recognition task. Here we treat DNN as a generative model and use it for linguistic-to-acoustic feature mapping in speech synthesis. Compared to the DBN model, DNN only requires a single computing pass for feature prediction, making it more suitable for real-time synthesis. On the other hand, DNN models the conditional probability instead of the joint probability as in the DBN model, which is more intuitive for the feature mapping task. Similar as wMD-DBN, we adopt the output layer of a plain DNN into Multi-distribution (MD) output layer. We also design specialized loss functions for acoustic features with uncommon distributions. To achieve good performance on deep model structure, we use the generative pre-trained DBN as the model initialization to build the MD-DNN architecture. Both objective and subjective evaluations show that the MD-DNN model out-performs the wMD DBN and HMM in terms of the naturalness of synthesized speech.
Kang, Shiyin.
Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2016.
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Castro, Rui M. "Active learning and adaptive sampling for non-parametric inference." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/22265.
Full textDe, La Garza John A. "A Paramedic's Story: An Autoethnography of Chaos and Quest." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-08-9802.
Full textShin, Young-in. "Parametric kernels for structured data analysis." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/29669.
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