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1
Hanrahan, Rotan B. W. The setcube calculus of value sets: A new paradigm of parallel test generation for combinational circuits. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1996.
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2
Shaharuddin, Salleh. Scheduling in parallel computing systems: Fuzzy and annealing techniques. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 1999.
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3
Vasilʹev, V. V. Seti Petri, parallelʹnye algoritmy i modeli mulʹtiprot͡s︡essornykh sistem. Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1990.
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4
Parallel Sets. 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom: SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529776263.
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5
National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA. Generating local addresses and communication sets for data-parallel programs. Independently published, 2018.
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6
Generating local addresses and communication sets for data-parallel programs. [Moffett Field, Calif.]: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, NASA Ames Research Center, 1993.
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7
Siddhartha, Chatterjee, and Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science (U.S.), eds. Generating local addresses and communication sets for data-parallel programs. [Moffett Field, Calif.]: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, NASA Ames Research Center, 1993.
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8
Capussela, Andrea Lorenzo. Continuity and Instability: The Spiral Sets In. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796992.003.0008.
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This chapter reviews the 1964–79 period, during which the social tensions accumulated over the previous decades erupted, a wave of political violence without parallel in Europe shook the country, and the steep rise of labour’s bargaining power caused a persistent wage shock. Political consensus was sustained by spending policies aimed at particularistic inclusion, leading to both a fragmented welfare system and growing budget deficits, which were largely monetized. Driven also by a challenging international environment, macroeconomic disequilibria accumulated. Although the country’s institutions were increasingly inappropriate, TFP growth and Italy’s convergence to the productivity frontier nonetheless continued, sustained also by the rise of industrial districts. Several mutually reinforcing vicious circles set in, however: the collusion between political and economic elites intensified, clientelism and corruption rose, organized crime strengthened, and after two decades of convergence the South resumed its decline relative to the rest of the country.
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J, Drago Raymond, United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., and U.S. Army Research Laboratory., eds. The relative noise levels of parallel axis gear sets with various contact ratios and gear tooth forms. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.
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10
Scheduling in Parallel Computing Systems: Fuzzy and Annealing Techniques (The International Series in Engineering and Computer Science). Springer, 1999.
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11
Mayoral, Juana Aurora. Seis cerezas y media / Six Cherries and a Half (Paralelo Cero / Zero Parallel). 4th ed. Editorial Bruno, 2004.
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12
Jubin, Olaf. “It Takes Two”. Edited by Robert Gordon. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195391374.013.0011.
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Stephen Sondheim and James Lapine’sSunday in the Park with Georgeis divided into two acts that take place in different centuries and feature two sets of seemingly different characters. A close reading of the musical demonstrates, however, that most of the characters in act 2 either present another facet of the parallel character in act 1 or reveal another side to these characters’ functions in the overall scheme of the show. Through the use of a system of doubling, whereby actors played parallel characters in acts 1 and 2, the original New York production enhanced the work’s exploration of the role art and the artist play in society and of how this role has changed in the century between 1884 and 1984.
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M¨uhlherr, Bernhard, Holger P. Petersson, and Richard M. Weiss. Parallel Residues. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691166902.003.0021.
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This chapter considers the notion of parallel residues in a building. It begins with the assumption that Δ is a building of type Π, which is arbitrary except in a few places where it is explicitly assumed to be spherical. Δ is not assumed to be thick. The chapter then elaborates on a hypothesis which states that S is the vertex set of Π, (W, S) is the corresponding Coxeter system, d is the W-distance function on the set of ordered pairs of chambers of Δ, and ℓ is the length function on (W, S). It also presents a notation in which the type of a residue R is denoted by Typ(R) and concludes with the condition that residues R and T of a building will be called parallel if R = projR(T) and T = projT(R).
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Finck, Michèle. The Status of Subnational Authorities in EU Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810896.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the subject of analysis and provides the conceptual framework and the main themes of the book. It introduces the outsider and insider narratives of subnational authorities (SNAs) in EU law and sets out the characteristic features of these two parallel yet opposed narratives. We will observe that while SNAs are outsiders of EU law from a formal point of view, the insider narrative highlights their increasing role in the achievement of EU objectives and the substantive development of supranational law. The concepts of polycentricity and porosity are introduced to assist in framing the multidimensional interactions which occur between different scales of pubic authorities. It is suggested that the paradigm of interconnection is key to any understanding of the contemporary role of SNAs.
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Peari, Sagi. The Equality Pillar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190622305.003.0005.
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This chapter elaborates on the second foundational pillar of CEF—the “Equality Pillar” as a crystallization of the subsidiary version of the better law approach. First, through exposition of the Equality Pillar’s three constituents (Innate Equality, Barbarism, and State Equality), it provides normative meaning to better law as a subsidiary rule, and as such sets out substantive limits on the formal operation of choice-of-law rules. Secondly, it returns to the challenges that have been mounted against all versions of better law and shows how CEF’s vision of better law is immune to those challenges. Finally, it suggests drawing a parallel between the subsidiary version of better law and such notions as the “evil laws” phenomenon and public policy doctrine.
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Bisseling, Rob H. Parallel Scientific Computation. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788348.001.0001.
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This book explains how to use the bulk synchronous parallel (BSP) model to design and implement parallel algorithms in the areas of scientific computing and big data. Furthermore, it presents a hybrid BSP approach towards new hardware developments such as hierarchical architectures with both shared and distributed memory. The book provides a full treatment of core problems in scientific computing and big data, starting from a high-level problem description, via a sequential solution algorithm to a parallel solution algorithm and an actual parallel program written in the communication library BSPlib. Numerical experiments are presented for parallel programs on modern parallel computers ranging from desktop computers to massively parallel supercomputers. The introductory chapter of the book gives a complete overview of BSPlib, so that the reader already at an early stage is able to write his/her own parallel programs. Furthermore, it treats BSP benchmarking and parallel sorting by regular sampling. The next three chapters treat basic numerical linear algebra problems such as linear system solving by LU decomposition, sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV), and the fast Fourier transform (FFT). The final chapter explores parallel algorithms for big data problems such as graph matching. The book is accompanied by a software package BSPedupack, freely available online from the author’s homepage, which contains all programs of the book and a set of test programs.
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Zeitlin, Vladimir. Primitive Equations Model. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804338.003.0002.
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The chapter gives the foundations of modelling of large-scale atmospheric and oceanic motions and presents the ‘primitive equations’ (PE) model. After a concise reminder on general fluid mechanics, the main hypotheses leading to the PE model are explained, together with the tangent-plane (so-called f and beta plane) approximations, and ‘traditional’ approximation to the hydrodynamical equations on the rotating sphere. PE are derived in parallel for the ocean and for the atmosphere. It is then shown that, with a judicious choice of the vertical coordinate, the ‘pseudo-height’, in the atmosphere, these two sets of equations are practically equivalent. The main properties of PE are derived and the key concepts of wave–vortex dichotomy, and of slow and fast motions, are explained. The essential notion of potential vorticity is introduced and its conservation by fluid masses is demonstrated. Inertia–gravity waves are explained and their properties presented. Limitations of the hydrostatic hypothesis are demonstrated.
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Lakshmivarahan, S., and Sudarshan K. Dhall. Parallel Computing Using the Prefix Problem. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195088496.001.0001.
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The prefix operation on a set of data is one of the simplest and most useful building blocks in parallel algorithms. This introduction to those aspects of parallel programming and parallel algorithms that relate to the prefix problem emphasizes its use in a broad range of familiar and important problems. The book illustrates how the prefix operation approach to parallel computing leads to fast and efficient solutions to many different kinds of problems. Students, teachers, programmers, and computer scientists will want to read this clear exposition of an important approach.
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Pettitt, Clare. Serial Forms. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830429.001.0001.
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Serial Forms: The Unfinished Project of Modernity, 1815–1848 proposes an entirely new way of reading the transition into the modern. The first book in a three-part series which will take the reader up to the end of the First World War, Serial Forms looks at the rapid expansion of print in London after the Napoleonic Wars. It shows how the historical past and the contemporary moment are emerging into public visibility through serial newsprint, illustrations, performances, shows, and new forms of mediation and it suggests that the growing importance and determining power of the form of seriality is a result of the parallel and connected development of a news culture alongside an emergent popular culture of historicism. Pettitt’s attention to the increasingly powerful cultural work of seriality in this period offers a fresh new way of thinking about print, media, literary and art history, as well as political, historical and social categories. The argument of Serial Forms rests on historical and archival material but the book also offers a philosophical and theoretical account of the impact of seriality. This first volume sets out the theoretical and historical basis for the subsequent two volumes in the series, which move out of London to encompass continental Europe and the imagination of the global. Serial Forms proposes fresh and frame-shifting analyses of familiar texts and authors, such as Scott, Byron and Gaskell, and sets out to change our thinking about new experiences of time and place in the first half of the nineteenth century.
20
Koff, Caroline Nan. A specialized ATMS for equivalence relations. 1988.
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21
Campbell, McLachlan, Shore Laurence, and Weiniger Matthew. Part II Ambit of Protection, 4 Parallel Proceedings. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199676798.003.0004.
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Chapter 4 deals with a complex set of problems that have arisen in determining the relationship between parallel claims in investment arbitration and other forms of dispute resolution, including proceedings in host State courts. Five issues which arbitral tribunals have had to confront in considering the impact of other forms of dispute resolution upon their jurisdiction are explored in particular: (1) the distinction between breach of contract and breach of treaty; (2) election, waiver, and ‘fork in the road’; (3) prior resort to local remedies; (4) internationalised contract claims and ‘umbrella clauses’; and (5) parallel treaty arbitration. The chapter considers the extent to which the general doctrines of lis pendens, res judicata, election, waiver, and abuse of process are capable of application in investment treaty arbitration.
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Heunen, Chris, and Jamie Vicary. Categories for Quantum Theory. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739623.001.0001.
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Monoidal category theory serves as a powerful framework for describing logical aspects of quantum theory, giving an abstract language for parallel and sequential composition and a conceptual way to understand many high-level quantum phenomena. Here, we lay the foundations for this categorical quantum mechanics, with an emphasis on the graphical calculus that makes computation intuitive. We describe superposition and entanglement using biproducts and dual objects, and show how quantum teleportation can be studied abstractly using these structures. We investigate monoids, Frobenius structures and Hopf algebras, showing how they can be used to model classical information and complementary observables. We describe the CP construction, a categorical tool to describe probabilistic quantum systems. The last chapter introduces higher categories, surface diagrams and 2-Hilbert spaces, and shows how the language of duality in monoidal 2-categories can be used to reason about quantum protocols, including quantum teleportation and dense coding. Previous knowledge of linear algebra, quantum information or category theory would give an ideal background for studying this text, but it is not assumed, with essential background material given in a self-contained introductory chapter. Throughout the text, we point out links with many other areas, such as representation theory, topology, quantum algebra, knot theory and probability theory, and present nonstandard models including sets and relations. All results are stated rigorously and full proofs are given as far as possible, making this book an invaluable reference for modern techniques in quantum logic, with much of the material not available in any other textbook.
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Bronner, Yigal, and Lawrence McCrea. First Words, Last Words. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197583470.001.0001.
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First Words, Last Words charts an intense “pamphlet war” that took place in sixteenth-century South India. The book explores this controversy as a case study in the dynamics of innovation in early modern India, a time of great intellectual innovation. This debate took place within the traditional discourses of Vedic hermeneutics, or Mīmāṃsā, and its increasingly influential sibling discipline of Vedānta, and its proponents among the leading intellectuals and public figures of the period. At the heart of this dispute lies the role of sequence in the cognitive processing of textual information, especially of a scriptural nature. Vyāsatīrtha and his grand-pupil Vijayīndratīrtha, writers belonging to the camp of Dualist Vedānta, purported to uphold the radical view of their founding father, Madhva, who believed, against a long tradition of Mīmāṃsā interpreters, that the closing portion of a scriptural passage should govern the interpretation of its opening. By contrast, the Nondualist Appayya Dīkṣita ostensibly defended this tradition’s preference for the opening. But, as the book shows, the debaters gradually converged on a profoundly novel hermeneutic-cognitive theory in which sequence played little role, if any. In fact, they knowingly broke new ground and only postured as traditionalists. First Words, Last Words explores the nature of theoretical innovation in this debate and sets it against the background of comparative examples from other major scriptural interpretive traditions. The book briefly surveys the use of sequence in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic hermeneutics and also seeks out parallel cases of covert innovation in these traditions.
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SOARES, M. Q. Sete Constituições e uma história: paralelo cronológico esquematizado entre história e direito, da monarquia à república. Dialética, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.48021/978-65-252-0520-5.
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Mashhoon, Bahram. Extension of General Relativity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803805.003.0005.
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Nonlocal general relativity (GR) requires an extension of the mathematical framework of GR. Nonlocal GR is a tetrad theory such that the orthonormal tetrad frame field of a preferred set of observers carries the sixteen gravitational degrees of freedom. The spacetime metric is then defined via the orthonormality condition. The preferred frame field is used to define a new linear Weitzenböck connection in spacetime. The non-symmetric Weitzenböck connection is metric compatible, curvature-free and renders the preferred (fundamental) frame field parallel. This circumstance leads to teleparallelism. The fundamental parallel frame field defined by the Weitzenböck connection is the natural generalization of the parallel frame fields of the static inertial observers in a global inertial frame in Minkowski spacetime. The Riemannian curvature of the Levi-Civita connection and the torsion of the Weitzenböck connection are complementary aspects of the gravitational field in extended GR.
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Wolfe, Jeremy M. Approaches to Visual Search. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.002.
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In her original Feature Integration Theory, Anne Treisman proposed that we process a limited set of basic preattentive, visual features in parallel across the visual field. Binding those features together into coherent, recognizable objects requires selective attention of item after item. In Treisman’s original conception, searches were divided into parallel feature searches and other serial self-terminating searches. Wolfe’s Guided Search model added the idea that the deployment of attention could be guided by preattentive information. In this view, the efficiency of search is related to the effectiveness of guidance on a continuum from perfect guidance, in the case of simple feature pop-out, to no guidance when no basic features distinguish target from distractors. This chapter reviews the evidence for different basic, preattentive features and describes the current understanding of the rules of guidance, the mechanics of visual search, and the relationship of these processes to visual awareness.
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Carsten, Stahn. Part II The Relationship to Domestic Jurisdictions, 10 Admissibility Challenges before the ICC: From Quasi-Primacy to Qualified Deference? Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198705161.003.0010.
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The ICC has faced admissibility challenges under Article 19 of the Statute in a number of situations and cases. The Court has set a high jurisprudential threshold through its interpretation of the ‘same conduct test’ under Article 17. The Libyan cases (Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Abdullah Al-Senussi) have provided some leeway for domestic jurisdictions. But jurisprudence continues to rely on top-down approaches and ‘mirroring’ imagery that is geared towards the replication of international practices at the domestic level. The role of time and the space for parallel engagement of the ICC and domestic jurisdictions have not received sufficient attention. This chapter argues that the modalities of deference to domestic jurisdiction need to be refined. It suggests that some of the existing deficiencies may be mitigated by greater attention to qualified deference, i.e. management of parallel proceedings, strengthening of monitoring structures, and clarification of conditions of deference (‘conditional admissibility’).
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M, Baeten J. C., ed. Applications of process algebra. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
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29
Bratman, Michael E. Intention, Belief, Practical, Theoretical. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867850.003.0002.
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This essay argues against an approach—one I call cognitivism—that tries to understand synchronic plan rationality as, at bottom a matter of theoretical rationality of belief. This approach is taken by, among others, Gilbert Harman, J. David Velleman, and R. Jay Wallace. I explain several problems for such cognitivism: there are problems posed by the possibility of false beliefs about what one intends; and there are problems posed by the need to distinguish intended means from expected side effects. In response to a challenge from Velleman, I sketch an alternative approach, one that sees these planning norms as fundamentally practical norms and that notes a parallel with Peter Strawson’s treatment of the framework of reactive attitudes.
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Morawetz, Klaus. Diffraction on a Barrier. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797241.003.0016.
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The transport through a one-dimensional barrier is calculated within the tight-binding model. The surface Green’s functions are introduced as a method to invert the Green’s function matrix and to set-up convenient boundary conditions for simulations. The formalism is applied to calculate the transport properties of parallel stacked organic molecules. The extension to higher dimensions and multiband crystals is discussed. In this section we apply the GKB formalism to diffraction of electrons on a barrier. The system we study is a planar heterojunction of two ideal semi-infinite crystals or a surface of a crystal. As an initial condition we take a stream of electrons with a sharp momentum.
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Quick, Laura. The Comparative Method in Scripture and Inscription. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810933.003.0003.
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This chapter considers the comparative method, arguing that scholars concerned with parallels between ancient Near Eastern and biblical literature have frequently operated without considering the crucial means of the transmission of the traditions, encompassing the availability of the texts in questions to the biblical scribe, and the linguistic competence of that scribe to read and translate Akkadian texts. This sets the stage for a new examination of the means of the transmission of Esarhaddon’s Succession Treaties to Deuteronomy, with a study of cuneiform culture in Iron II Judah. By showing that the evidence for the existence of such a tradition is essentially lacking, it will be proposed that Aramaic may have served an intermediary function between the literatures of East and West, given that the language functioned as a lingua franca during this period.
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Smith, Matthew Wilson. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190644086.003.0008.
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The Conclusion begins with a consideration of parallels between two works written around 1900: Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams (1955) and Strindberg’s A Dream Play (1901). These works, which were reactions to failure to unify natural science and psychology, correspond with the return to interpretation at the end of a nervous century. This neurologically informed turn to hermeneutics at century’s end ultimately sets the stage for Artaud’s Theater of Cruelty, a new and more virulent theater of sensation. Artaud’s insistence that all thought and feeling must be communicable and yet that words are fundamentally inadequate to this task leads inexorably to the conclusion that language must be concretized—must become pure corporeal sensation—and that this force of sensation must be as all-inclusive as thought itself is to the thinker..
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Marenbon, John. 4. Fields of medieval philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199663224.003.0004.
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‘Fields of medieval philosophy’ considers how logic, metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, ethics, political philosophy, and the philosophy of religion were treated in medieval philosophy’s four traditions. Logic was considered valuable in itself, and was studied with great technical sophistication and used as a tool throughout philosophy, where it set the form of discussion. Arabic and Latin logic developed into parallel traditions although both were based on Aristotle’s logical texts. Aristotle’s key texts—Metaphysics, On Interpretation, On the Soul, and Nicomachean Ethics—were central to all four traditions. They encouraged thinking that tied together philosophy of mind and philosophy of language; were fundamental for investigating perception, memory, and reasoning; and were central to moral philosophy.
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Phan-Thien, Nhan, and Sangtae Kim. Microstructures in Elastic Media. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195090864.001.0001.
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This monograph describes various methods for solving deformation problems of particulate solids, taking the reader from analytical to computational methods. The book is the first to present the topic of linear elasticity in mathematical terms that will be familiar to anyone with a grounding in fluid mechanics. It incorporates the latest advances in computational algorithms for elliptic partial differential equations, and provides the groundwork for simulations on high performance parallel computers. Numerous exercises complement the theoretical discussions, and a related set of self-documented programs is available to readers with Internet access. The work will be of interest to advanced students and practicing researchers in mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, applied physics, computational methods, and developers of numerical modeling software.
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Abbott, Helen. Alexander Gretchaninov. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794691.003.0006.
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After training at the Moscow Conservatory, Alexander Gretchaninov studied composition under Rimsky-Korsakov in St Petersburg, where he developed his vocal writing technique. In 1911, he published a set of five Baudelaire songs entitled Les Fleurs du mal. They are printed in parallel text, with the French alongside a Russian translation, and include a motif recurring across the set. The analysis covers: (a) the context of composition; (b) the connections established between selected poems; (c) the statistical data generated from the adhesion strength tests; and (d) how the data shape an evaluation of Gretchaninov’s settings of Baudelaire. Analysis reveals that the songs are highly entangled through the way Gretchaninov deforms the fabric of Baudelaire’s verse. Yet the songs are also accretive, because the flexible approach to text-setting enables Gretchaninov to respond to emotive aspects of the poem. These are songs whose complexity suggests that they were designed for highly trained musicians.
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Fay, Jennifer. Buster Keaton’s Climate Change. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696771.003.0002.
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Much of Buster Keaton’s slapstick comedy revolves around his elaborate outdoor sets and the crafty weather design that destroys them. In contrast to D. W. Griffith, who insisted on filming in naturally occurring weather, and the Hollywood norm of fabricating weather in the controlled space of the studio, Keaton opted to simulate weather on location. His elaborately choreographed gags with their storm surges and collapsing buildings required precise control of manufactured rain and wind, along with detailed knowledge of the weather conditions and climatological norms on site. Steamboat Bill, Jr. (1928) is one of many examples of Keaton’s weather design in which characters find themselves victims of elements that are clearly produced by the off-screen director. Keaton’s weather design finds parallels in World War I strategies of creating microclimates of death (using poison gas) as theorized by Peter Sloterdijk.
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Allen, Michael P., and Dominic J. Tildesley. Monte Carlo methods. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803195.003.0004.
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The estimation of integrals by Monte Carlo sampling is introduced through a simple example. The chapter then explains importance sampling, and the use of the Metropolis and Barker forms of the transition matrix defined in terms of the underlying matrix of the Markov chain. The creation of an appropriately weighted set of states in the canonical ensemble is described in detail and the method is extended to the isothermal–isobaric, grand canonical and semi-grand ensembles. The Monte Carlo simulation of molecular fluids and fluids containing flexible molecules using a reptation algorithm is discussed. The parallel tempering or replica exchange method for more efficient exploration of the phase space is introduced, and recent advances including solute tempering and convective replica exchange algorithms are described.
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Wallace, Aurora. News Capital. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037344.003.0002.
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This chapter examines the first two papers of the penny press of the 1830s, the New York Sun and the New York Herald, through their transition from tiny four-sheet bulletins printed out of cramped rookeries to important urban institutions with increasingly immodest architectural ambitions, giving new city inhabitants signposts on the landscape that recalled both a recognizable old world and reassurances of the new. The city and the newspapers shared a common set of values—industrial capitalism, specialization of labor, geographic concentration, and an intricate and specialized economic structure—that materialized in the form that media architecture began to adopt. The parallel development of the city and the newspaper industry shows their forms coming to mirror each other in the segmentation of neighborhoods and news sections.
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Buga, Irina. Subsequent Customary Law as a Means of Treaty Modification. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787822.003.0004.
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The chapter focuses on the treaty modifying potential of subsequent customary law, which, though distinct from that of subsequent practice, reveals a significant conceptual and practical overlap between the two modifying processes, and adds an additional dimension to the discussion on subsequent practice. After a look into the drafting history of the ultimately deleted ILC provision on modification by customary law, the chapter turns to the complex process of formation and identification of customary law and its parallels to the emergence of subsequent practice. The chapter then examines the interplay between customary law and treaties as a basis for identifying the former’s treaty modifying potential, and sets out crucial distinctions and requirements. Finally, the chapter examines the extent to which treaty modification by subsequent customary law and subsequent practice can be distinguished, especially as the latter may itself lead to the emergence of customary rules.
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Burns, Mick, Colin Campbell, and Jackie Craissati. The Offender Personality Disorder pathway: Modelling collaborative commissioning in the NHS and criminal justice system. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198791874.003.0007.
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The complex process by which the current Offender Personality Disorder pathway came into existence and the importance of joint operations, both co-commissioning and co-delivery, are explored in this chapter. The importance of providing system leadership and the difficulty inherent in holding together a complex network of service provision in two parallel systems while maintaining effective service delivery is explored. A brief overview of the evolution of commissioning in both health and justice settings is given, as well as a description of ‘co-commissioning’ and the tensions and benefits evident in this unique approach. The importance of collaboration and working towards identified outcomes from a set of agreed strategic principles is emphasized, along with the importance of relationships and the impact the approach has on workforce and environments across the pathway.
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van Miert, Dirk. Grotius’s Annotationes on the Bible (1619–1645). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803935.003.0006.
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Chapter 5 shows that Scaliger’s heritage could be used to different ends. Grotius used the tool of biblical philology to back up his somewhat naïve ideal of religious ecumenism between Protestantisms and Catholicism. As a reincarnation of Erasmus, he miserably failed to convince either party, but left an impressive set of annotations on the Old Testament and particularly on the New Testament, which trumped Heinsius’s annotations both in clarity and in sharpness. More than Heinsius, Grotius employed linguistic and political contextualization from pagan history, in the train of Scaliger, and also inspired by John Selden. There was competition between the one-time youthful friends Heinsius and Grotius. Contrary to Heinsius’s more neutral approach, Grotius’s philological study of the Bible ran parallel to a sustained polemic over religious politics.
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Veugelers, John, and Gabriel Menard. The Non-Party Sector of the Radical Right. Edited by Jens Rydgren. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274559.013.15.
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This chapter examines radical right publishers, intellectual schools, parallel organizations, voluntary associations, small groups, political sects, and families. Party and non-party sectors of the radical right share common projects. They interact with each other, and the boundaries between their memberships, social networks, and formal or informal organizations overlap. Yet the non-party sector retains important specificities. Apart from identifying its social bases, main activities, organizational forms, and ideological orientations, this chapter attends to variations across Europe and between Europe and the United States. The conclusion proposes directions for future research: (1) fill in empirical gaps that emerge from an overview of the literature, (2) examine if interaction between economic globalization and welfare protection explains the strength of the non-party sector, and (3) test the hypothesis that a centripetal party system with a weak boundary between moderate and radical right favors the non-party sector of the radical right.
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Deaux, Kay, and Mark Snyder, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195398991.001.0001.
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For decades, the relationship between personality psychology and social psychology has been defined by its contrasts: sometimes highly overlapping and intertwined, at other times conflicting and even competing. This contradiction has been ultimately counterproductive, as it has precluded the understanding of people as both individuals and social beings. The Oxford Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology captures the history, current status, and future prospects of personality and social psychology—presented not as a set of parallel accounts, but as an integrated perspective on the behavior of persons in social contexts. The articles of this book weave together work from personality and social psychology, addressing both distinctive contributions and common ground. In so doing, they offer compelling evidence for the power and the potential of an integrated approach, as well as new suggestions and directions for research.
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Luke, Nottage. Ch.2 Formation and authority of agents, Formation I: Arts 2.1.1–2.1.5—Offer, Art.2.1.2. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0018.
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Identifying an ‘offer’ is usually the first step in the traditional scheme for establishing that a contract has been concluded. This commentary focuses on Article 2.1.2 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC), which requires a proposal that is ‘sufficiently definite’ and ‘indicates the intention of the offeror to be bound upon acceptance’. These two requirements parallel those set out in Art 2.1.1 with respect to conduct of the parties ‘sufficient to show agreement’ in situations outside the usual offer-and-acceptance framework of negotiations. Arguably, however, ‘Art 2.1.14 shows that sufficient definiteness is merely accessory to the parties' intention to be bound’; the latter will be given effect unless indefiniteness reaches ‘the point where construction becomes impossible’. Art 2.1.2 addresses the intention to be bound in public proposals, tenders, quotes, letters of intent or comfort.
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Gaeta, Paola. War Crimes and Other International ‘Core’ Crimes. Edited by Andrew Clapham and Paola Gaeta. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199559695.003.0029.
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Under the orthodox approach, war crimes were considered crimes under international law only as a means to enforce international rules of warfare at the national level. This basic principle of international law was challenged and eventually discarded following the trials of war criminals before the Nuremberg Tribunal and the Tokyo Tribunal. However, the revolutionary precedent established by the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials did not develop into a fully-fledged body of international criminal rules, known as ‘international criminal law’, until the end of the Cold War, when the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda were set up by the United Nations Security Council. This chapter focuses on the criminalization of war crimes under international law and compares it with the parallel criminalization of crimes against humanity and genocide.
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Butz, Martin V., and Esther F. Kutter. Language, Concepts, and Abstract Thought. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739692.003.0013.
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Language is probably the most complex form of universal communication. A finite set of words enables us to express a mere infinite number of thoughts and ideas, which we set together by obeying grammatical rules and compositional, semantic knowledge. This chapter addresses how human language abilities have evolved and how they develop. A short introduction to linguistics covers the most important conceptualized aspects, including language production, phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. The brain considers these linguistic aspects seemingly in parallel when producing and comprehending sentences. The brain develops some dedicated language modules, which strongly interact with other modules. Evolution appears to have recruited prelinguistic developmental neural structures and modified them into maximally language-suitable structures. Moreover, evolution has most likely evolved language to further facilitate social cooperation and coordination, including the further development of theories of the minds of others. Language develops in a human child building on prelinguistic concepts, which are based on motor control-oriented structures detailed in the previous chapter. A final look at actual linguistic communication emphasizes that an imaginary common ground and individual private grounds unfold between speaker and listener, characterizing what is actually commonly and privately communicated and understood.
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Johnson, Julian. After Debussy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190066826.001.0001.
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This book explores an idea of music, exemplified by the work of Debussy, in dialogue with a parallel movement in French literary and philosophical thought. Its central thesis is that modern music and philosophy converge on the same set of problems but from opposite directions. Through close readings of selected musical works it argues that Debussy’s rethinking of the relation between sound and grammar anticipates and complements the defining problem of modern philosophy – the gap between language and a sensory relation to the world, between abstract systems of signification and embodied experience. Although its principal focus is the music of Debussy, it ranges widely across French music from Fauré and Ravel to Dutilleux, Boulez, Grisey, Murail, and Saariaho. It ranges similarly through a set of French writers and philosophers, from Mallarmé and Proust to Merleau-Ponty, Jankélévitch, Derrida, Lyotard, and Nancy. Frequent reference is made to the visual arts (Rodin, Monet, Bonnard, Cezanne, Matisse). It explores the idea that this current of French music, running through the long twentieth century from Debussy to the present, makes sense in a manner that affords a different way of knowing the world, foregrounding sound over syntax, and sense over signification.
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Spentzou, Efrossini. Propertius’ Aberrant Itineraries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768098.003.0002.
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Can we find the flâneur in ancient Rome? This is not a narrow question of whether this modern French literary figure has a Classical prehistory, but whether there is a parallel relationship at Rome between large urban centres, literary production, and individualism. This chapter suggests there are instances in Latin love elegy that offer a layered response to spatial forms. Observing the rhythms of the everyday in Rome, we discover shared spaces of erotic and imperial power. Propertius and Ovid are as much constructors of the eternal city as its monumental imperial builders. It is in fleeting and intense moments of escape that we become aware of the inflexibility of everyday life in Rome. In the moments when the citizen may (or may not) give way to the lover, the limitations of set scripts are revealed, and the implacable logic of imperial space softens in the undecidability of the moment.
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Lichtenstein, Nelson. Writing and Rewriting Labor’s Narrative. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037856.003.0002.
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This chapter presents the author'a account of how he reframed his understanding of the structures and social impulses that create the consciousness of the working-class as well its antagonists. At Berkeley in the early 1970s he was convinced that neither the law, religion, ethnicity, nor even race were as important as the work experience itself in shaping the consciousness of industrial unionists, whose sit-down strikes and wildcat strikes seemed to emerge directly out of a revolt against hierarchy and authority on the shop floor itself. However, he has come to the conclusion that the relationship of an individual to his or her work life is of less immediate importance than that person's capacity to identify with and then expound a set of ideas and aspirations that may or may not run parallel to what an outside observer might seem to think met the person's objective interests.
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Sarath, Ed. A Consciousness-Based Look at Spontaneous Creativity. Edited by Benjamin Piekut and George E. Lewis. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199892921.013.13.
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This chapter explores improvisation from a consciousness-based standpoint. Examination of an inner mechanics for the transcendent experience frequently reported by improvisers sets the stage for consciousness-based distinctions between improvisation and composition processes, in which improvisation is extricated from common misclassification as an accelerated subspecies of composition. Temporal, cultural, and linguistic factors are considered in distinguishing between improvisatory and compositional paradigms. The intimate melding between musicians and listeners in peak improvised performance is paralleled with the deep collective communion associated with group meditation practice as indicative of a nonlocal, intersubjective field of consciousness, empirical support for which suggests that possible societal benefits may result from certain applications. An “improvisatory hermeneutics” is considered as a means for new ways of perceiving global challenges and paradigmatic change that centers intersubjectivity and other anomalous possibilities not commonly embraced in academic and public policy discourse.