Journal articles on the topic 'Paracetamol absorption'

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1

Pulungan, Ainil Fithri, Effendy DLP., and Siti MS. "Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Paracetamol, Propyphenazone and Caffeine By Using Absorption Ratio Method." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 6, no. 5 (October 18, 2018): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v6i5.412.

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The Absorption Ratio method involves measuring the absorbance at two wavelengths, namely the iso-absorptive point and the maximum wavelength. Its method could be an option in determining the level of a drug. The aim of this study was to determine whether the absorption ratio method can be used to determine the levels of paracetamol (PCT), propyphenazone (PRO) and caffeine (CAF) in tablet form. The absorption ratio method was used to determine the levels of the mixed drug compound without the separation stage and using the maximum wavelength and iso-absorptif point. The result of the study showed that the absorption ratio method used to solve multicomponent problems in tablet form can be performed and satisfy the validation requirements of the method according to international Conference on Harmonization Q2 (R1) (ICH) guidelines. The absorption ratio method was a simple and accurate to be used determine PCT, PRO, CAF in tablet form. Keywords : Paracetamol, propyphenazone, caffeine, absorption ratio
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2

Tokola, Riitta A. "The Effect of Metoclopramide and Prochlorperazine on the Absorption of Effervescent Paracetamol in Migraine." Cephalalgia 8, no. 3 (September 1988): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1988.0803113.x.

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Antiemetics modify gastric emptying, a rate-limiting step in drug absorption. The absorption of effervescent paracetamol in water solution was studied in three groups of 10 female patients during acute migraine attacks. Paracetamol was preceded 30 min earlier by a rectal dose of metoclopramide, prochlorperazine maleate, or placebo. Each patient was retested with paracetamol when headache-free. Migraine attacks delayed slightly the absorption of paracetamol solution. Prior administration of rectal prochlorperazine had a minor delaying effect on paracetamol absorption. The peak concentration, the time to reach the peak, and the area under the time-concentration curve from 0 to 6 h of paracetamol were similar with the three treatments.
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3

Prescott, LF, K. Yoovathaworn, K. Makarananda, R. Saivises, and K. Sriwatanakul. "Impaired absorption of paracetamol in vegetarians." British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 36, no. 3 (September 1993): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1993.tb04223.x.

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4

Rani, P. Usha, M. U. R. Naidu, T. Ramesh Kumar Rao, S. Mohan Das, J. C. Shobha, K. Ravi Sekhar, E. Chandra Sekhar, and T. Vijay Kumar. "Sumatriptan Delays Paracetamol Absorption in Migraine Patients." Clinical Drug Investigation 11, no. 5 (May 1996): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00044011-199611050-00006.

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5

Raffa, Robert B., Joseph V. Pergolizzi, Robert Taylor, John F. Decker, and Jeffrey T. Patrick. "Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Oral Absorption and Clinical Influences." Pain Practice 14, no. 7 (October 28, 2013): 668–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/papr.12130.

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6

Graudins, A., A. Chiew, and B. Chan. "Overdose with modified-release paracetamol results in delayed and prolonged absorption of paracetamol." Internal Medicine Journal 40, no. 1 (January 2010): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.02096.x.

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7

Rygnestad, T., K. Zahlsen, and F. A. Samdal. "Absorption of effervescent paracetamol tablets relative to ordinary paracetamol tablets in healthy volunteers." European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 56, no. 2 (May 17, 2000): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050732.

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8

Roberts, I., R. J. Flanagan, J. Strang, and L. F. Prescott. "Toxicological Studies in a Distalgesic Addict." Human Toxicology 5, no. 3 (May 1986): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032718600500310.

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1 The disposition and kinetics of paracetamol, dextropropoxyphene and their metabolites were investigated in an addict who claimed to be taking 80–100 Distalgesic tablets daily regularly. 2 Plasma concentrations of paracetamol, dextropropoxyphene and their principal metabolites were measured after an oral dose of 15 Distalgesic tablets. 3 The absorption of paracetamol and dextropropoxyphene was rapid with peak plasma concentrations at 15 and 30 min respectively. The elimination half-life for paracetamol was 2.3 h. Nordextropropoxyphene remained at steady state with very high plasma concentrations (5 mg/l). The urinary excretion of paracetamol and metabolites was not abnormal. The total recovery of paracetamol was only 31% of the dose. 4 Apart from raised plasma γ-glutamyltransferase activity there was no biochemical evidence for paracetamol-induced hepatocellular damage despite ingestion of 97.5 g of paracetamol over the 11 days of the withdrawal period.
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9

Zhai, Di, Fucheng Zhang, Cong Wei, Xiaobiao Shang, Junruo Chen, Meihong Liu, and Jinhui Peng. "Dynamic absorption efficiency of paracetamol powder in microwave drying." High Temperature Materials and Processes 38, no. 2019 (February 25, 2019): 715–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2019-0015.

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AbstractIn microwave drying technology, research into the dynamic absorbing properties of the powder is indispensable. In this study, the reflection loss coefficient of paracetamol powder under different temperature, water content, and thickness was calculated based on the principle of electromagnetic wave transmission. The results show that the absorption performance of powder fluctuates dynamically with a series of absorption peaks, and the position of the absorption peak shifts toward the smaller thickness direction as the water content increases or the temperature rises. Because of the influence of the powder thickness on absorbing efficiency, the powder thickness should be adjusted in real time to increase drying efficiency. This study provides the thickness range for which the absorption performance of paracetamol powder under different conditions is over 99%. This study is of great significance for understanding the drying mechanism and optimizing process parameters for microwave drying of pharmaceutical powder.
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10

&NA;. "Lansoprazole increased the rate of paracetamol [acetaminophen] absorption,." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 765 (August 1999): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199907650-00007.

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11

Kouritas, Vasileios K., Sophia Magkouta, Charalambos Zisis, Ioannis Psallidas, Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis, and Ioannis Kalomenidis. "Paracetamol and ibuprofen block hydrothorax absorption in mice†." European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 47, no. 3 (June 4, 2014): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezu211.

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12

Yi, Hanxi, Fan Liu, Guoqing Zhang, and Zeneng Cheng. "Evaluation of a Modified Flow-Through Method for Predictive Dissolution and In Vitro/In Vivo Correlations of Immediate Release and Extended Release Formulations." Journal of Nanomaterials 2021 (April 27, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9956962.

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The present study evaluated the ability of a modified flow-through method for predicting in vivo performance of immediate release (IR) and extended release (ER) formulations. In vitro dissolution of two model drugs, paracetamol IR tablets and felodipine ER tablets, was investigated under tuned conditions using the modified flow-through method and compared with the compendial quality control (QC) basket method. The in vivo absorption properties of paracetamol IR tablets and felodipine ER tablets were investigated in healthy volunteers. In vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) analysis was performed based on the obtained in vitro and in vivo data. Our results demonstrated that the compendial QC method was not able to reflect in vivo actual absorption, while satisfactory discriminatory power and comparable in vitro dissolution/in vivo absorption were achieved for both paracetamol IR tablets and felodipine ER tablets by the modified flow-through method. This study indicated that the modified flow-through method is a potential tool to reflect in vivo performance of the IR and ER formulations.
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13

Nagendra, P. "Spectrophotometric Estimation of Paracetamol in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations." E-Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 1 (2011): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/875285.

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A new, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of paracetamol has been developed. The proposed method is based on the reaction of paracetamol with iron(III) and a subsequent reaction with ferricyanide in an hydrochloric acid medium to yield Prussian bluish green coloured product with a miximum absorption at 715 nm. There were no interferences observed from the common excipients present in the formulations. The method is successfully employed for the determination of paracetamol in various pharmaceutical preparations and the results have been statistically compared with those obtained by the official method.
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14

Tredger, J. Michael, Paul Thuluvath, Roger Williams, and Iain M. Murray-Lyon. "Metabolic basis for high paracetamol dosage without hepatic injury: a case study." Human & Experimental Toxicology 14, no. 1 (January 1995): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719501400102.

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1 Studies of paracetamol metabolism were performed in a 58-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis who had consumed 15-20 g paracetamol daily for 5 years with out developing liver damage and data were compared with results in seven normal volunteers. 2 After a test dose of 2 g paracetamol, the formation of paracetamol sulphate and glucuronide conjugates detected in plasma from the patient was delayed by around 2 h relative to values in normal volunteers and the proportion of sulphate conjugates excreted in urine was 1.5 to 2 times those in normal volunteers (52% vs 26-35% of dose, respectively). The fractional metabolite clearance of paracetamol to glutathione-derived conju gates (0.28 ml min-1 kg-1) in our patient was > 30% lower than in normal females. 3 A combination of slow paracetamol absorption, enhanced detoxication of paracetamol (by sulphation) and reduced metabolism to potentially cytotoxic metabolites may have reduced the risk of liver damage in this patient. The latter may have reflected pharmaco- genetic deficiencies in cytochrome P450 isoenzymes per sisting despite chronic alcohol consumption (40—60 g per day) or resulted from inhibition of paracetamol acti vation by concomitant ingestion of aminophylline.
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15

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Nitroso-R-salt as a sensitive spectrophotometric reagent for the determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations." Baghdad Science Journal 6, no. 3 (September 6, 2009): 570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.6.3.570-577.

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Nitroso-R-salt is proposed as a sensitive spectrophotometric reagent for the determination of paracetamol in aqueous solution. The method is based on the reaction of paracetamol with iron(III) and subsequent reaction with nitroso-R-salt to yield a green colored complex with maximum absorption at 720 nm. Optimization of the experimental conditions was described. The calibration graph was linear in the concentration range of 0.1 – 2.0 ?g mL-1 paracetamol with a molar absorptivity of 6.9 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1. The method was successfully applied to the determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations without any interference from common excipients. The method has been statistically evaluated with British Pharmacopoeia method and no statistical difference between methods was found at the 95% confidence level.
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16

Crome, P. "Drug absorption may be delayed after stroke: results of the paracetamol absorption test." Age and Ageing 30, no. 5 (September 1, 2001): 391–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/30.5.391.

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17

Gin, T., A. M. W. Cho, J. K. L. Lew, G. S. N. Lau, P. M. Yuen, J. A. J. H. Critchley, and T. E. Oh. "Gastric Emptying in the Postpartum Period." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 19, no. 4 (November 1991): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9101900405.

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We measured gastric emptying, using the technique of paracetamol absorption, in eight women on their first and third postpartum day. Gastric emptying was rapid and there was no difference between the first and third day in the time to peak plasma concentration of paracetamol. Six women returned after six weeks for a further study. Gastric emptying was still rapid but the metabolism of paracetamol appeared to be slower than that found during the immediate postpartum period. These findings suggest that fluid fasting guidelines in patients more than one day postpartum need not be different from those in non-pregnant patients.
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18

Kamali, F., J. R. Fry, and G. D. Bell. "Temporal variations in paracetamol absorption and metabolism in man." Xenobiotica 17, no. 5 (January 1987): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00498258709043970.

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19

Thynne, Tilenka R. J., and Matthew P. Doogue. "A dose of paracetamol for the levothyroxine absorption test." Clinical Endocrinology 78, no. 6 (April 22, 2013): 968–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cen.12211.

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20

Huerta-Aguilar, Carlos Alberto, Aida Araceli Ramírez-Alejandre, Pandiyan Thangarasu, Jesus Angel Arenas-Alatorre, Ivan Alejandro Reyes-Dominguez, and Monica de la Luz Corea. "Crystal phase induced band gap energy enhancing the photo-catalytic properties of Zn–Fe2O4/Au NPs: experimental and theoretical studies." Catalysis Science & Technology 9, no. 12 (2019): 3066–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cy00678h.

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21

Pasha, Chand. "Determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical samples by spectrophotometric method." Eclética Química Journal 45, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v45.3.2020.p37-46.

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It is described the use of 1,3 dinitrobenzene or 2,4 dinitrophenyl hydrazine is used as coupling agent for the spectrophotometric determination of paracetamol. This method is easy and simple based on the reaction of acid hydrolysis of paracetamol to produce p-aminophenol, which in turn reacts with nitrite in acidic standard to form diazonium ion, which is coupled with coupling agent in basic standard to produce azo dyes. The formed dyes follow Beer’s law in the range of 0.8-20.5 mg mL-1 of paracetamol with 1, 3 dinitrobenzene or 0.5-18.4 mg mL-1 of paracetamol with 2,4 dinitrophenyl hydrazine with absorption maxima at 429 nm or 430 nm. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of paracetamol with 1,3 dinitrobenzene or paracetamol with 2,4 dinitrophenyl hydrazine azo dyes were 1.965×104 L mol-1 cm-1 or 2.776×104 L mol-1 cm-1, and 7.692×10-3 mg cm-2 or 5.698×10-3 mg cm-3 respectively. The dyes formed are stable for more than 12 h. The optimal reaction circumstances and other analytical parameters are evaluated. Interference due to foreign organic compounds have been studied. The method has been effectively applied to the determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical samples.
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22

Petring, OU, B. Adelhoj, M. Ibsen, and HE Poulsen. "The relationship between gastric emptying of semisolids and paracetamol absorption." British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 22, no. 6 (December 1986): 659–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02954.x.

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23

Gramatte, T., and K. Richter. "Paracetamol absorption from different sites in the human small intestine." British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 37, no. 6 (June 1994): 608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1994.tb04312.x.

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24

Freijer, J. "Absorption model based on transport physics theory applied to paracetamol." Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 75, no. 2 (February 2004): P80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.307.

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25

Anggraini, Devina Ingrid, Eka Susanti Hp, and Erliena Okta Guna Santosa. "PHOTOCATALYTIC REDUCTION OF Cu(II) ION AND TiO2-CATALYZED PARACETAMOL PHOTODEGRADATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD IN WASTE TREATMENT." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 11, no. 2 (September 27, 2016): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.11.2.726.163-174.

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<p>Recently, the issue of heavy metals are wastes is become popular such as Cu, Co, Pb, and etc. Furthermore, the presence of Cu together with paracetamol as pharmacy waste. Photocatalytic process could be an alternative to avoid the situation. This research investigated the influence of irradiation and the initial concentration of paracetamol toward TiO<sub>2</sub>-catalyzed photoreduction of Cu(II). The research aims to develop a photoreduction method that is catalyzed by TiO<sub>2</sub> in the presence of paracetamol in reducing Cu(II) and paracetamol concentration. Cu(II) photoreduction process was (II) conducted in a close reactor equipped with a UV lamp. The remaining Cu(II) in solution was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) to determine its concentration and paracetamol concentration by visible spectrophotometry method. Results showed that the use of photocatalyst TiO<sub>2</sub>improves the photoreduction of Cu(II), 15-45 minutes irradiation also contributes the increment, over the time a tiny decrease in photoreduction effectivity occur, however. At initial paracetamol concentration, 50 to 250 mg/L lead to an increase in photodegradation of paracetamol, and large decline occur over e.i. 250 mg/L, however. The presence of paracetamol may increase the effectiveness of Cu(II) photoreduction due to the prevention of radical OH<sup>•</sup> and electrons recombination. The most effective photoreduction of 25 mL solution of ion Cu(II) 10 mg/L is readily achieve in reaction conditions using 20 mg of TiO<sub>2</sub> by 45 minutes irradiation in the present of 25 mL of paracetamol 250 mg/L. By those Cu(II) ion was reduced by 98.87 % and 14.73 % of paracetamol was degraded.</p>
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26

Anggraini, Devina Ingrid, Eka Susanti Hp, and Erliena Okta Guna Santosa. "PHOTOCATALYTIC REDUCTION OF Cu(II) ION AND TiO2-CATALYZED PARACETAMOL PHOTODEGRADATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD IN WASTE TREATMENT." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 11, no. 2 (September 27, 2016): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.v11i2.726.

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<p>Recently, the issue of heavy metals are wastes is become popular such as Cu, Co, Pb, and etc. Furthermore, the presence of Cu together with paracetamol as pharmacy waste. Photocatalytic process could be an alternative to avoid the situation. This research investigated the influence of irradiation and the initial concentration of paracetamol toward TiO<sub>2</sub>-catalyzed photoreduction of Cu(II). The research aims to develop a photoreduction method that is catalyzed by TiO<sub>2</sub> in the presence of paracetamol in reducing Cu(II) and paracetamol concentration. Cu(II) photoreduction process was (II) conducted in a close reactor equipped with a UV lamp. The remaining Cu(II) in solution was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) to determine its concentration and paracetamol concentration by visible spectrophotometry method. Results showed that the use of photocatalyst TiO<sub>2</sub>improves the photoreduction of Cu(II), 15-45 minutes irradiation also contributes the increment, over the time a tiny decrease in photoreduction effectivity occur, however. At initial paracetamol concentration, 50 to 250 mg/L lead to an increase in photodegradation of paracetamol, and large decline occur over e.i. 250 mg/L, however. The presence of paracetamol may increase the effectiveness of Cu(II) photoreduction due to the prevention of radical OH<sup>•</sup> and electrons recombination. The most effective photoreduction of 25 mL solution of ion Cu(II) 10 mg/L is readily achieve in reaction conditions using 20 mg of TiO<sub>2</sub> by 45 minutes irradiation in the present of 25 mL of paracetamol 250 mg/L. By those Cu(II) ion was reduced by 98.87 % and 14.73 % of paracetamol was degraded.</p>
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27

Holwerda, Andrew M., Kaatje Lenaerts, Jörgen Bierau, Will K. W. H. Wodzig, and Luc J. C. van Loon. "Food ingestion in an upright sitting position increases postprandial amino acid availability when compared with food ingestion in a lying down position." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 42, no. 7 (July 2017): 738–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0522.

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Dietary protein digestion and absorption kinetics determine the postprandial increase in muscle protein synthesis. We recently demonstrated that body position during feeding can modulate the postprandial rise in plasma amino acid availability. Here we investigated whether protein ingestion in an upright sitting body position accelerates gastric emptying and improves dietary protein digestion and subsequent amino acid absorption compared with feeding in a supine lying body position. In a crossover design, 8 young males (age, 26 ± 1 years; body mass index, 24.0 ± 0.9 kg·m−2) ingested 20 g intrinsically l-[1-13C]-phenylalanine–labeled milk protein plus 1.5 g paracetamol while sitting in an upright position or lying down in a supine position. Blood samples were collected frequently during a 5-h postprandial period. Gastric emptying rates and dietary protein digestion and absorption were assessed using plasma paracetamol and amino acid concentrations as well as plasma l-[1-13C]-phenylalanine enrichments. Peak plasma leucine concentrations were higher when protein was ingested in an upright sitting versus lying position (213 ± 15 vs 193 ± 12 μmol·L−1, P < 0.05), which was accompanied by a trend for a greater overall leucine response (13 989 ± 720 vs 11 875 ± 1073 AU, respectively; P = 0.05). Peak plasma paracetamol concentrations were higher in the sitting versus lying treatment (11.6 ± 0.5 vs 9.3 ± 0.6 mg·L−1, P < 0.05). Protein ingestion in an upright sitting position accelerates gastric emptying and increases the postprandial rise in plasma amino acid availability by increasing protein digestion and amino acid absorption rates. Therefore, feeding in an upright body position as opposed to a lying position is an important prerequisite to allow proper postprandial muscle protein accretion.
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28

Awad, Firas Hassan. "Colorimetric Determination of Paracetamol Using 9-Chloroacridine Reagent: Application to Pharmaceutical Formulations." Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 63, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.63.2.2020.71.78.

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This paper aims to develop a simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of paracetamol in aqueous medium. The method is based on the reaction between the hydrolyzed paracetamol and 9-chloroacridine reagent (9-CA). The spectra of the product show maximum absorption at 436 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0.25-11 µg/mL with molar absorptivity value 5.3x103 L/mol/cm. The average recovery percentage (Rec%) is 99.27% and relative standard deviation (RSD) is :: 2.82%. In addition, the stability constant has been determined and the reaction mechanism is proposed. The method has been applied successfully for the assay of paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations. It is found that the method does not require extraction process and it agree well with British pharmacopeia.
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29

&NA;. "The rate of absorption of a paracetamol/sodium bicarbonate tablet formulation is superior to that of standard paracetamol,." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1566 (December 2006): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200615660-00055.

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30

Medhus, Asle W., Cathrine M. Lofthus, Jan Bredesen, and Einar Husebye. "The validity of a novel paracetamol absorption test for gastric emptying." Gastroenterology 118, no. 4 (April 2000): A142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(00)82644-x.

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31

SIMPSON, K. H., A. F. STAKES, and M. MILLER. "PREGNANCY DELAYS PARACETAMOL ABSORPTION AND GASTRIC EMPTYING IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING SURGERY." British Journal of Anaesthesia 60, no. 1 (January 1988): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/60.1.24.

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32

Simpson, K. H., A. F. Stakes, M. Miller, and Felicity Reynolds. "Pregnancy Delays Paracetamol Absorption and Gastric Emptying in Patients Undergoing Surgery." Obstetric Anesthesia Digest 8, no. 3 (October 1988): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00132582-198810000-00017.

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33

Rowbotham, D. J., S. Parnacott, and W. S. Nimmo. "No effect of cisapride on paracetamol absorption after oral simultaneous administration." European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 42, no. 2 (February 1992): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00278493.

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34

Belič, A., I. Grabnar, R. Karba, and A. Mrhar. "Pathways of paracetamol absorption from layered excipient suppositories: artificial intelligence approach." European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics 28, no. 1 (March 2003): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03190864.

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35

Hajian, Reza, and Ahmad Soltaninezhad. "The Spectrophotometric Multicomponent Analysis of a Ternary Mixture of Paracetamol, Aspirin, and Caffeine by the Double Divisor-Ratio Spectra Derivative Method." Journal of Spectroscopy 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/405210.

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Double divisor-ratio spectra derivative method based on the spectrophotometric data was developed for the simultaneous analysis of a ternary mixture containing paracetamol, aspirin, and caffeine, without prior separation. This method is based on the use of the derivative of the ratio spectrum obtained by dividing the absorption spectrum of the ternary mixture by a standard spectrum of a mixture of two of the three compounds in the title mixture. The concentrations of three compounds in their mixture are determined by using their respective calibration graphs which are obtained by measuring the amplitude at either the maximum or minimum wavelengths selected. The selected wavelengths for determination of aspirin, caffeine, and paracetamol are 241.5, 256, and 258.5 nm, respectively. All of the solutions adjusted to pH 11 before recording the spectra in the range of 220 to 320 nm. Also, the mathematical explanation of the procedure is illustrated. The method was applied for the assay of Excedrin containing paracetamol, aspirin, and caffeine.
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36

Shikh, Evgeniya V., Evgeniy D. Khaytovich, and Aleksandr V. Perkov. "Clinical and pharmacological approaches to the choice of a drug for a tension-type headache relief." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 93, no. 8 (August 15, 2021): 862–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2021.08.200920.

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The article goes to describe clinical and pharmacological approaches to choosing a drug with an optimal efficacy/safety profile, providing the necessary analgesic effect in tension-type headache. TRPV1 brain receptors are considered the main action point of the mediator. Aim. The purpose of this study is a comparative analysis of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters of ibuprofen and paracetamol as a part of fixed dose combination and as monotherapy in tension type headaches. Materials and methods. Comparative dissolution kinetics test; Comparative analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters using the PubMed/MEDLINE database. Results. The median Tmax of ibuprofen as a part of a fixed-dose combination and as a monotherapy is 75 minutes. The median Tmax of paracetamol is 30 min when taken in a fixed dose combination and 40 min as a monotherapy. In patients who received the fixed dose combination, the concentration of ibuprofen in the blood plasma after 10 minutes 6.64 g/ml-1; after 20 minutes 16.81 g/ml-1, while when taken in the same dose in as a monotherapy, respectively, 0.58 and 9.00 g/ml-1. The mean plasma concentrations of paracetamol after 10 and 20 minutes in patients receiving the fixed combination were 5.43 and 14.54 g/ml-1, respectively, compared with 0.33 and 9.19 g/ml-1 for paracetamol as monotherapy. dissolution kinetics test of the Paracytolgin: after 5 minutes, 20% of paracetamol passed into the solution in a system with a pH of 1.2; in a system with a pH of 4.5 36.4%; in a system with a pH of 6.8 33.5%; after 10 minutes, respectively 68.5, 98.0 and 89.6%. After 15 minutes, almost complete dissolution was noted in all systems: 98.5, 98.8 and 100.5%, respectively. Discussion. The combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol makes it possible to enhance the analgesic effect as a result of additive action by the help of central mechanisms. The fixed dose combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol significantly increases the rate of absorption of paracetamol, which has potential therapeutic benefits in terms of a faster analgesias onset. Conclusion. The fixed dose combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol provides faster and long-term anaesthesia with a comparatively lower dosage of each analgesic.
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37

COHEN, J., A. AHARON, and P. SINGER. "The paracetamol absorption test: a useful addition to the enteral nutrition algorithm?" Clinical Nutrition 19, no. 4 (August 2000): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/clnu.2000.0097.

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38

M. Garba, A. Mustapha, M. T. Bakare. "A Brief Communication REDUCED ABSORPTION OF PARACETAMOL FOLLOWING CIMETIDINE IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS." Toxic Substance Mechanisms 16, no. 3 (July 1997): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/107691897229586.

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39

Tarling, M. M., C. C. Toner, P. S. Withington, M. K. Baxter, R. Whelpton, and D. R. Goldhill. "A model of gastric emptying using paracetamol absorption in intensive care patients." Intensive Care Medicine 23, no. 3 (March 12, 1997): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050325.

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40

Roberts, Darren M., and Nicholas A. Buckley. "Prolonged absorption and delayed peak paracetamol concentration following poisoning with extended‐release formulation." Medical Journal of Australia 188, no. 5 (March 2008): 310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01629.x.

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41

Gray, J. A., M. N. Mayall, J. D. Carroll, G. J. Wright, and J. E. Pitts. "The Effect Of Oral Metoclopramide On Paracetamol Absorption And Clinical Response In Migraine." Cephalalgia 7, no. 6_suppl (September 1987): 404–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03331024870070s6177.

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42

Medhus, A. W., C. M. Lofthus, J. Bredesen, and E. Husebye. "Gastric emptying: the validity of the paracetamol absorption test adjusted for individual pharmacokinetics." Neurogastroenterology and Motility 13, no. 3 (June 15, 2001): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2982.2001.00249.x.

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43

Cohen, J., A. Aharon, and P. Singer. "The Paracetamol Absorption Test (PAT): an obligatory addition to the enteral nutrition algorithm?" Critical Care 3, Suppl 1 (1999): P195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc568.

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44

Smith, Stephen, Agron Collaku, Louise Heaslip, Yong Yue, Yan-Yan Starkey, Geoffrey Clarke, and Nick Kronfeld. "A new rapidly absorbed paediatric paracetamol suspension. A six-way crossover pharmacokinetic study comparingthe rate and extent of paracetamol absorption from a new paracetamol suspension with two marketed paediatric formulations." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 38, no. 3 (September 30, 2011): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2011.605141.

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45

Burger, T., H. J. Ploss, J. Kuhn, S. Ebel, and J. Fricke. "Diffuse Reflectance and Transmittance Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Determination of Scattering and Absorption Coefficients in Quantitative Powder Analysis." Applied Spectroscopy 51, no. 9 (September 1997): 1323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702971941999.

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A three-flux approximation of the equation of radiative transfer is used to separately determine the effective specific scattering and absorption coefficients of powder mixtures from hemispherical reflectance and transmittance measurements. For a two-component mixture of lactose and paracetamol, it is demonstrated how the knowledge of the separately known scattering coefficient can be used to improve partial least-squares regression (PLS) calibrations of diffuse reflectance data pretreated by multiplicative scatter correction (MSC). Furthermore it is shown that the measured specific absorption coefficient of the investigated mixtures is not generally a linear function of the constituents concentration, a result which might be caused by the mixing procedure of the samples. With the use of the absorption coefficient, it is demonstrated that artificial neural networks are superior to PLS calibrations when modeling a nonlinear relation.
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46

Amin, Alaa. "Pyrocatechol Violet in Pharmaceutical Analysis Part II. A Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Paracetamol in Pure and in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms." Scientia Pharmaceutica 69, no. 2 (June 30, 2001): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.aut-01-19.

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A spectrophotometric method for the selective determination of paracetamol based on its reaction with pyrochatechol violet under basic conditions to form an ion-pair complex is described. The absorption maximum of the coloured ion-pair formed is observed at 652 nm and the molar absorptivity is 4.54 x10-3l mol-1 cm-1. Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range 0.5-34.0 μg ml-1, while that obtained using Ringbom method is in the range 3.5 -32.0 μg ml-1. There is no interference from common additives, excipients and commercial drugs present in their formulations suggesting a highly selective procedure compared with others. Statistical analysis of the obtained results showed that there is, no significant difference and absence of any systematic error in the method compared with the official one. The method is simple, rapid and convenient and was applied successfully to the determination of paracetamol in pure and in its dosage forms compared with the official method.
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47

Makar, R. R., S. A. Badger, M. E. O’Donnell, C. V. Soong, L. L. Lau, I. S. Young, R. J. Hannon, and B. Lee. "The Impact of Endovascular Repair of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm on the Gastrointestinal and Renal Function." International Journal of Vascular Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/178323.

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Introduction. Systemic effects of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) may be altered by the mode of surgery. This study aimed to determine systemic effects of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) compared to open repair (OR).Patients and Methods. Consecutive patients with rAAA were repaired by OR or EVAR according to computerised tomographic (CT) findings. Renal function was monitored by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum urea and creatinine, and urinary albumin creatinine ratio (ACR). Hepatic function was assessed postoperatively for 5 days. Intestinal function was determined by the paracetamol absorption test. Intestinal permeability was assessed by urinary lactulose/mannitol ratio.Results. 30 rAAA patients were included. Fourteen had eEVAR and sixteen eOR. Serum urea were higher in eOR, while creatinine was similar between groups. Hepatic function showed no intergroup difference. Paracetamol absorption was increased in eEVAR group at day 3 compared to day 1 (P=0.03), with no similar result in eOR (P=0.24). Peak lactulose/mannitol ratio was higher in eOR (P=0.03), with higher urinary L/M ratio in eOR at day 3 (P=0.02). Clinical intestinal function returned quicker in eEVAR (P=0.02).Conclusion. EVAR attenuated the organ dysfunction compared to open repair. However, a larger comparative trial would be required to validate this. The clinical trial is registered with reference number EUDRACT: 2013-003373-12.
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Damiani, Patricia C., Maria É. Ribone, and Alejandro C. Olivieri. "Rapid Determination of Paracetamol in Blood Serum Samples by First-Derivative UV Absorption Spectroscopy." Analytical Letters 28, no. 12 (September 1995): 2219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032719508000040.

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Schwarz, N., P. Banditt, K. L. Gerlach, and F. P. Meyer. "Absorption kinetics of paracetamol are not influenced by high anxiety levels in preoperative patients." Int. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 40, no. 09 (September 1, 2002): 419–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5414/cpp40419.

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50

Paintaud, G., P. Thibault, P. E. Queneau, J. Magnette, M. Bérard, L. Rumbach, P. R. Bechtel, and P. Carayon. "Intraindividual variability of paracetamol absorption kinetics after a semi-solid meal in healthy volunteers." European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 53, no. 5 (January 29, 1998): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050393.

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