Academic literature on the topic 'Para-complex'

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Journal articles on the topic "Para-complex"

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Lawn, Marie Amélie, and Lars Schäfer. "Decompositions of para-complex vector bundles and para-complex affine immersions." Results in Mathematics 48, no. 3-4 (November 2005): 246–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03323368.

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Szancer, Zuzanna. "On Para-Complex Affine Hyperspheres." Results in Mathematics 72, no. 1-2 (March 30, 2017): 491–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00025-017-0676-6.

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Gutowski, J. B., and W. A. Sabra. "Para-complex geometry and gravitational instantons." Classical and Quantum Gravity 30, no. 19 (September 4, 2013): 195001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/30/19/195001.

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Schäfer, Lars. "tt∗-bundles in para-complex geometry, special para-Kähler manifolds and para-pluriharmonic maps." Differential Geometry and its Applications 24, no. 1 (January 2006): 60–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.difgeo.2005.07.001.

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Anciaux, Henri, and Konstantina Panagiotidou. "Hopf hypersurfaces in pseudo-Riemannian complex and para-complex space forms." Differential Geometry and its Applications 42 (October 2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.difgeo.2015.05.004.

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Anciaux, Henri, and Maikel Antonio Samuays. "Lagrangian submanifolds in para-complex Euclidean space." Bulletin of the Belgian Mathematical Society - Simon Stevin 23, no. 3 (September 2016): 421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36045/bbms/1473186515.

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Moussa, Jamal, Daniel A. Lev, Kamal Boubekeur, Marie Noelle Rager, and Hani Amouri. "A η4-Dithio-para-benzoquinone Metal Complex." Angewandte Chemie 118, no. 23 (June 2, 2006): 3938–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200600414.

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Moussa, Jamal, Daniel A. Lev, Kamal Boubekeur, Marie Noelle Rager, and Hani Amouri. "A η4-Dithio-para-benzoquinone Metal Complex." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 45, no. 23 (June 2, 2006): 3854–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200600414.

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Yousif Ibrahim Abad Alrhman, Ibrahim. "Lagrangian Dynamical Systems with Three Para-complex Structures." International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics 4, no. 4 (2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssam.20190404.11.

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Woodbridge, Yonatan, Gal Elidan, and Ami Wiesel. "Signal Detection in Complex Structured Para Normal Noise." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 65, no. 9 (May 1, 2017): 2306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2017.2649479.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Para-complex"

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Durand, Solaligue Valeria Carla. "Complejo Veterinario para animales menores en La Molina." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652507.

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El proyecto Complejo veterinario para animales menores en La Molina, se desarrolla ante la falta de una infraestructura adecuada para la atención y tratamiento de animales domésticos en la ciudad de Lima. Tiene como finalidad mostrar un prototipo de complejo veterinario que pueda satisfacer las necesidades del cliente y de su mascota. El proyecto tiene un énfasis en permeabilidad lo cual muestra la importancia de que al tener mascotas como usuarios junto con sus dueños, estos no deben sentirse “prisioneros” sino más bien, tener el mayor contacto posible con áreas verdes para su recreación. El programa está organizado según necesidades y flujos: Lo público se encuentra al frente del proyecto y lo semipúblico en la parte posterior. Consta de cinco paquetes funcionales: Clínica veterinaria, Centro de adopción, Hospedaje para mascotas, SUM o zona de adiestramiento y el paquete de servicios ubicado en el sótano.
The Veterinary Complex for minor animals project in La Molina is developed due to the lack of an adequate infrastructure for the care and treatment of domestic animals in the city of Lima. Its purpose is to show a prototype of a veterinary complex that can meet the needs of the client and their pet. The project has an emphasis on permeability which shows the importance of having pets as users together with their owners, they should not feel "prisoners" but rather, have as much contact as possible with green areas for recreation. The program is organized according to needs and flows: The public is at the front of the project and the semi-public at the back. It consists of five functional packages: Veterinary Clinic, Adoption Center, Pet Lodging, SUM or training area and the service package located in the basement.
Trabajo de investigación
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ROSSI, FEDERICO ALBERTO. "D-Complex Structures on Manifolds: Cohomological properties and deformations." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/41976.

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In questa tesi studiamo alcune proprietà delle "Varietà Doppie" o D-Varietà. In particolare studiamo la teoria delle deformazioni di D-Strutture e di D-Strutture CR, e troviamo una condizione che è equivalente alla classica condizione di Maurer-Cartan che descrive l'integrabilità di deformazioni di D-Strutture. Successivamente prestiamo attenzione alla coomologia delle D-Varietà, provando che una versione D-complessa del del-delbar-Lemma non può essere vera per D-varietà compatte. Inoltre sono stabilite alcune proprietà di sottogruppi speciali della coomologia di de-Rham, ottenute studiando il loro comportamento sotto l'azione di deformazioni. Infine, un risultato riguardante le sottovarietà Lagrangiane minimali dovuto ad Harvey e Lawson riguardante le varietà D-Kahler Ricci-Piatte è generalizzato a una classe di varietà simplettiche quasi D-complesse.
We study some properties of Double Manifold, or D-Manifolds. In particular, we study of deformations of D-structures and of CR D-structures, and we found a condition which is equivalent to the classical Maurer-Cartan equation describing the integrability of the deformations. We also focus on the cohomological properties of D-Manifold, showing that a del-delbar-Lemma can not hold for any compact D-Manifold. We also state some properties of special subgroups of de-Rham cohomology, studing also their behaviour under small deformations. Finally, a result by Harvey and Lawson about the minimal Lagrangian Submanifold of a D-Kahler Ricci-flat manifold is generalized to the case of a special almost D-complex symplectic manifold.
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Silva, Ricardo Dutra da 1982. "Discrete Morse complex of images = algorithms, modeling and applications = Complexo discreto de Morse para imagens: algoritmos, modelagem e aplicações." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275606.

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Orientador: Hélio Pedrini
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação
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Resumo: A Teoria de Morse é importante para o estudo da topologia em funções escalares como elevação de terrenos e dados provenientes de simulações físicas, a qual relaciona a topologia de uma função com seus pontos críticos. A teoria contínua foi adaptada para dados discretos através de construções como os complexos de Morse-Smale e o complexo discreto de Morse. Complexos de Morse têm sido aplicados em processamento de imagens, no entanto, ainda existem desafios envolvendo algoritmos e considerações práticas para a computação e modelagem dos complexos para imagens. Complexos de Morse podem ser usados como um meio de definir a conexão entre pontos de interesse em imagens. Normalmente, pontos de interesse são considerados como elementos independentes descritos por informação local. Tal abordagem apresenta limitações uma vez que informação local pode não ser suficiente para descrever certas regiões da imagem. Pontos de mínimo e máximo são comumente utilizados como pontos de interesse em imagens, os quais podem ser obtidos a partir dos complexos de Morse, bem como sua conectividade no espaço de imagem. Esta tese apresenta uma abordagem dirigida por algoritmos e estruturas de dados para computar o complexo de Morse discreto em imagens bidimensionais. A construção é ótima e permite fácil manipulação do complexo. Resultados teóricos e experimentais são apresentados para mostrar que o método é eficaz. Experimentos realizados incluem a computação de homologia persistente e hierarquias de complexos sobre dados de elevação de terrenos. Outra contribuição é a proposição de um operador topológico, chamado Contexto Local de Morse, computado sobre complexos de Morse, para extrair vizinhanças de pontos de interesse para explorar a informação estrutural de imagens. O contexto local de Morse é usado no desenvolvimento de um algoritmo que auxilia a redução do número de casamentos incorretos entre pontos de interesse e na obtenção de uma medida de confiança para tais correspondências. A abordagem proposta é testada em pares de imagens sintéticas e de imagens subaquáticas, para as quais métodos existentes podem obter muitas correspondências incorretas
Abstract: The Morse theory is important for studying the topology of scalar functions such as elevation of terrains and data from physical simulations, which relates the topology of a function to critical points. The smooth theory has been adapted to discrete data through constructions such as the Morse-Smale complexes and the discrete Morse complex. Morse complexes have been applied to image processing, however, there are still challenges involving algorithms and practical considerations for computation and modeling of the complexes. Morse complexes can be used as means of defining the connectedness of interest points in images. Usually, interest points are considered as independent elements described by local information. Such an approach has its limitations since local information may not suffice for describing certain image regions. Minimum and maximum points are widely used as interest points in images, which can be obtained from Morse complexes, as well as their connectivity in the image space. This thesis presents an algorithmic and data structure driven approach to computing the discrete Morse complex of 2-dimensional images. The construction is optimal and allows easy manipulation of the complex. Theoretical and applied results are presented to show the effectiveness of the method. Applied experiments include the computation of persistent homology and hierarchies of complexes over elevation terrain data. Another contribution is the proposition of a topological operator, called Local Morse Context (LMC), computed over Morse complexes, for extracting neighborhoods of interest points to explore the structural information in images. The LMC is used in the development of a matching algorithm, which helps reducing the number of incorrect matches between images and obtaining a confidence measure of whether a correspondence is correct or incorrect. The approach is tested in synthetic and challenging underwater stereo pairs of images, for which available methods may obtain many incorrect correspondences
Doutorado
Ciência da Computação
Doutor em Ciência da Computação
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Samuays, Maikel Antonio. "Subvariedades lagrangeanas mínimas e autossimilares no espaço paracomplexo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45131/tde-05102015-104320/.

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Neste trabalho estudamos as subvariedades lagrangeanas mínimas e autossimilares do espaço paracomplexo Dn. Começamos definindo o conceito de variedade para-Kähler e, como exemplo, descrevemos o espaço projetivo paracomplexo. Em seguida, estudamos as subvariedades paracomplexas e lagrangeanas. Após mostrarmos que toda subvariedade paracomplexa não-degenerada é mínima, dedicamos a atenção ao estudo das subvariedades lagrangeanas, restringindo-nos ao ambiente Dn. Em particular, estudamos as lagrangeanas que são invariantes sob a ação canônica do grupo SO(n), e as superfícies de Castro-Chen. Em ambos os casos, analisamos a minimalidade e a autossimilaridade das mesmas.
In this work, we study minimal and self-similar Lagrangian submanifolds in the para-complex space Dn. Firstly, we define the concept of para-Kähler manifold and, to exemplify, we describe the para-complex projective space.Then, we study para-complex submanifolds and Lagrangian submanifolds. After proving that every non-degenerate para-complex submanifold is minimal, we pay attention to Lagrangian submanifolds, restricting us to the case of Dn. In particular, we study Lagrangian submanifolds which are invariant by the canonical SO(n)-action of Dn, and Castro-Chen\'s surfaces. In both cases, we analyse the minimality and self-similarity.
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Miyasaka, Elza Luli. "Projeto para produção de superfícies complexas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/102/102131/tde-12012018-105715/.

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O cenário de metrópoles como Londres, Nova Iorque, Dubai, Shangai, Seul e outras exibe alguns tipos de edifícios com formas orgânicas e fluidas, que fazem parte de uma proposta que utiliza ferramentas informacionais e programação para a sua criação e materialização. Este trabalho investiga como viabilizar as superfícies consideradas complexas, desses edifícios, através do tema Projeto para a Produção, etapa que aprofunda o processo do fazer, posterior à criação. A complexidade é caracterizada pela utilização de um alto nível tecnológico para a elaboração dos sistemas, do componente em sua morfologia e, em relação ao módulo, material e geometria (PAOLETTI, 2006). Para o entendimento do problema, o texto contextualiza o momento contemporâneo e a participação dos instrumentos digitais no cotidiano, fazendo uma retrospectiva dos modos de produção e da automação da indústria, e faz um paralelo com a construção civil. Trata desde a 1a. Revolução Industrial até a 4a. Revolução Industrial, de acordo com Schwab (2016).Para discutir o Projeto para a Produção, verifica-se o estado da arte, posteriormente confrontando duas vertentes conceituais da atuação do papel do arquiteto no processo: uma que defende que os profissionais têm atuado mais próximos à fabricação digital, com arquivos enviados diretamente para a fábrica File to Factory (Arquivo-Fábrica) , e outra que entende que o processo é distribuído em etapas e equipes específicas e depende de habilidades e conhecimentos particulares para a produção do objeto. Este trabalho apresenta dois casos desenvolvidos na Itália: o primeiro projetado pelos arquitetos do escritório Norman Foster & Associates, o Pavilhão da União dos Emirados Árabes para a exposição internacional de Milão, que foi confeccionado com painéis de argamassa armada estampados com a textura das dunas do deserto, e o segundo, a torre corporativa do escritório Zaha Hadid Architects, do complexo CityLife Milano, que possui a superfície de vedação com painéis de vidro em formato de paralelogramas, que evidenciam a torção da torre em seu eixo vertical. Finalmente, o trabalho propõe um modelo de Projeto para a Produção de superfícies complexas a partir do aprofundamento dos estudos de caso, considerando que a proposta faz parte de uma etapa do projeto que é efetuada por equipes de profissionais habilitados para a elaboração dos detalhamentos, busca de soluções, pesquisa aprofundada a respeito dos materiais a serem utilizados e dos requisitos necessários para a realização dos trabalhos no local de implantação.
The scenery of big cities such as London, New York, Dubai, Shanghai and Seoul exhibits some types of buildings with organic and fluid shapes that are part of a proposal that uses information tools and programming for their creation and feasibility. This work in¬vestigates how feasible surfaces considered complex through the theme Design for Pro¬duction, a stage that deepens the process of making, after creation. The complexity is characterized as the use of a high technological level for the elaboration of the systems, of the component in its morphology and, in relation to the module, material and geom¬etry (PAOLETTI, 2006). For the understanding of the problem, the text contextualizes the contemporary moment and the participation of the digital instruments in the daily life, making a retrospective of the ways of production and the automation of the industry and parallels with the civil con¬struction. It deals from the 1st. Industrial Revolution until the 4th. Industrial Revolution, according to Schwab (2016). In order to discuss the Design for Production, the state of the art is verified, later confront¬ing two conceptual aspects of the role of the architect in the process, one that argues that the professionals have directly acted in the digital manufacture with files sent directly to the factory File to Factory and another that understands that the process is distribut¬ed in stages and specific teams and depends on particular skills and knowledge to the production of the object. It presents two cases developed in Italy: the first one designed by Norman Foster & As-sociates, the United Arab Emirates Pavilion for the Milan International Exbition, which was made with panels of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concret stamped with the texture of the desert dunes and the second one a corporate tower designed by Zaha Hadid Architects office for the CityLife Milano, which has a trapezoidal glass panel sealing surface that demonstrates the twisting of the tower on its vertical axis. Finally, the work proposes a model of a Design for Production of complex surfaces from the deepening of the case studies, considering that the proposal is part of a project stage carried out by teams of professionals qualified to perform the details, search for solutions, in-depth research regarding the materials to be used and the requirements necessary to carry out the works at the place of implantation.
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Huang, Yang. "A Theoretical and Experimental Study of Water Proton Spin Relaxation in liquid, hexagonal-ice and the Para-magnetic Gd3+(H2O)8 Complex." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-57971.

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Gomes, Valdemarin Coelho. "Pensamento complexo e educaÃÃo para o futuro: entrelaÃamentos na teia ideolÃgica do capital." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4912.

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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ
A crise na estrutura do capital (MÃszÃros, 2000) gera tensÃes em diferentes setores da prÃtica social, impelindo o sistema à busca de mecanismos que restabeleÃam seus patamares de acumulaÃÃo. O campo educacional, tido como inadequado Ãs demandas atuais da ânova ordem mundialâ, apresenta-se como um complexo fundamental Ãs disposiÃÃes ideolÃgicas necessÃrias à reproduÃÃo do sistema. Desse modo, torna-se comum a disseminaÃÃo de pseudo teorias que ratificam a lÃgica do capital, a exemplo da teoria da complexidade, nosso objeto de investigaÃÃo, difundida por Edgar Morin como a perspectiva imperiosa à operacionalizaÃÃo da reforma do pensamento que, para ele, à o urgente desafio a ser enfrentado se almejarmos romper com a prÃ-histÃria da humanidade. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apontar os encontros ideolÃgicos entre a perspectiva moriniana da Complexidade (pensamento complexo) e a formaÃÃo da sociabilidade exigida pelo capital atualmente, que tem no projeto de educaÃÃo para o futuro um de seus artifÃcios nucleares. Tal projeto, liderado por organismos a serviÃo da reproduÃÃo da ordem vigente, entre eles o Banco Mundial e a UNESCO, à legitimado atravÃs de eventos de Ãmbito global e da adoÃÃo de teorizaÃÃes que corroboram, de uma forma ou de outra, com as determinaÃÃes por eles fixadas. Ao confrontarmos o ideÃrio reformista de Morin com os objetivos postos em curso pelo capital, concluÃmos que as proposiÃÃes do autor francÃs sÃo uma importante contribuiÃÃo aos anseios burgueses, tanto pela supressÃo da contradiÃÃo inconciliÃvel entre trabalho e capital que resulta na presente condiÃÃo da sociedade de classes, a qual impede a verdadeira histÃria do mundo dos homens, quanto pelo fato da proposta de Morin nÃo ultrapassar, sob qualquer aspecto, os limites permitidos pela lÃgica da produÃÃo de mercadorias, sendo esta, diga-se de passagem, o vetor primÃrio da fragmentaÃÃo do conhecimento por ele mesmo criticada. Disso decorre que o ideÃrio moriniano situa-se no campo das teorizaÃÃes que apontam para a possibilidade de humanizaÃÃo do capital, o que tem se mostrado uma preciosa mistificaÃÃo (MÃszÃros, 2009). Nossa anÃlise trouxe como fundamentaÃÃo teÃrica a ontologia marxiana-lukacsiana, apontando, por essa via, que a emergÃncia da autÃntica humanidade sà à possÃvel mediante a completa superaÃÃo da ordem do capital, horizonte em direÃÃo ao qual a reforma do pensamento alardeada por Morin à incapaz de nos fazer caminhar.
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Nobre, Kennedy Cabral. "Para uma concepção ampliada de cadeia de gêneros." www.teses.ufc.br, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/8839.

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NOBRE, Kennedy Cabral. Para uma concepção ampliada de cadeia de gêneros. 2009. 96f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2009.
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This research presents a review of the concept of genre chains from their origins in Bakhtin (2000 [1953]) to the discussion of the criteria proposed by Fairclough (2001a [1992], 2003) and Swales (2004) for its characterization. For these authors, genre chains is a systematic grouping of genres that are a regular transformation necessary, predictable and, consequently, chronological one genre to another. From the empirical analysis of genre chains located in the academic-educational range, we suggest a distinction between simple and complex chains. In the first, all the genres that constitute it would be produced in a single institutional framework, the linear arrangement would reveal aspects of the functioning of the activities of individual institutions. At this point, the single chains associate the concept of discipline thought by Foucault (2008c [1975]), since the establishment of a single chain aims at the regular institutional practices. The complex chains, in turn, are offshoots of a single chain through a link with genres produced in areas outside institutions. In this case, through the analysis of school advertisements, we find that single chains of a particular institution are actually complexified by generic practices of others, motivated by the ongoing hegemonic struggle. Also, we realized that the complexity of a single chain is restricted to areas that institutions shall practice mutual relationship of intercontextuality (MEURER, 2004). Finally, we claim that a genre chain is actually a discursive part of a chain practices in which discursive and non-discursive elements enter into its constitution.
Esta pesquisa apresenta uma revisão do conceito de cadeia de gêneros desde sua genealogia em Bakhtin (2000 [1953]) até a discussão dos critérios caracterizadores propostos por Fairclough (2001a [1992]; 2003) e por Swales (2004). Para estes autores, uma cadeia de gêneros diz respeito a um agrupamento sistemático de gêneros em que há uma transformação regular, necessária, previsível e, conseqüentemente, cronológica de um gênero a outro. A partir da análise empírica de cadeias de gêneros situadas no domínio institucional universitário-escolar, sugerimos uma distinção entre cadeias simples e complexas. Nas primeiras, todos os gêneros que a constituem seriam produzidos em um único âmbito institucional, cuja disposição linear revelaria aspectos do funcionamento das atividades de determinada instituição. Neste ponto, associamos às cadeias simples a noção de disciplina pensada por Foucault (2008c [1975]), uma vez que o estabelecimento de uma cadeia simples tem por propósito regular as práticas institucionais. As cadeias complexas, por sua vez, são desdobramentos de uma cadeia simples por meio de uma ligação com gêneros produzidos em domínios institucionais alheios. Nesse caso, por meio da análise de anúncios escolares, percebemos que cadeias simples de uma determinada instituição na verdade são complexificadas pelas práticas genéricas de outra, motivadas pela contínua luta hegemônica. Além disso, percebemos que a complexificação de uma cadeia simples se restringe a domínios interinstitucionais que mantêm entre si uma relação de intercontextualidade (MEURER, 2004). Por fim, alegamos que uma cadeia de gêneros é, na verdade, a parte discursiva de uma cadeia de práticas em cuja constituição entram elementos discursivos e não discursivos.
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Goldberg, Ximena. "Complex Models of Genetic and Environmental Influences on Human Cognition. Implications for Functional Psychoses / Modelos complejos de las influencias genéticas y ambientales en la cognición humana. Implicaciones para las psicosis funcionales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83588.

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The general construct of human cognition implies a series of mental processes by means of which human interpret and consequently act on the world that surrounds them (Sternberg y Mio, 2009). During the last decades, the recognition of human diversity and psychological variability among individuals has encouraged challenging questions addressing inter-individual differences that make each subject unique in terms of their cognitive performance (Baddeley, 2003; Botvinick, 2008). In particular, quantitative genetic studies show that both genetic variability and environmental factors are involved in the phenotypic expression of cognitive functions (Plomin, 2011). However, the mechanisms by which genes and exposure to environmental influences may contribute to the observed variability are not yet clear. The study of the origins of inter-individual differences in cognition is strongly associated with the ontogenic development of the human brain (Tau, 2010). As a consequence, cognitive alterations are considered a central trait in those mental disorders where neurodevelopmental alterations are assumed to exist, such as schizophrenia. This disease, which affects around 1% of the world’s population, is one of the main causes of years lost due to disability (WHO, 2004), while cognitive alterations in these patients explain about 20%-60% of the variance in measures of outcome (Green, 2004). The aetiological model of neurodevelopment in schizophrenia proposes that this disease might be the expression of neurobiological compromise that could begin early in the lifespan, even before the onset of the clinical symptoms (van Os, 2009). However, and despite the scientific efforts invested in the elucidation of its aetiological underpinnings, the heterogeneous presentation of the disease has prevented a deeper comprehension of these mechanisms. Are all cognitive domains heritable? Are there long-term consequences on cognition for the early exposure to environmental impact? What is the association between genetic variability and cognitive vulnerability? Can we identify specific neurobiological pathways in the expression of the cognitive alterations of patients with schizophrenia? These questions are explored in the present thesis through the analyses of twins- and family-based samples, which constitute powerful designs to study the effects of genetic and environmental variability on human cognition. In the six chapters of results that are the body of this thesis, complex models are proposed that aim at representing the mechanisms involved in the origin of cognitive variability at the population level. The findings included indicate that this variability could be the result of the relative contribution of genetic determination and environmental modelling, which could vary in different cognitive functions following ontogenic mechanisms of neurodevelopment. Specifically, results are reported on the influences of childhood maltreatment and socioeconomic status as environmental stressors, as well as Val158Met functional polymorphism of COMT gene as a genetic factor. The aetiological implications of the study of these processes are extended to the field of mental disorders, as the results may indicate that the cognitive variability present among patients with schizophrenia could support a model of developmental compromise in this disease. Accordingly, the effects of genetic and environmental influences on behaviour may underlie the heterogeneous expression of this highly disabling mental disorder. To sum up, the phenotypic diversity of schizophrenia and human cognition, far from representing an obstacle, lays the foundations for complex models of these traits that may feed an increasing understanding of their aetiology (Belsky, 2011). These findings highlight the putative role of neurobiological liability traits in crucial aspects of clinical practice. Risk factors might be identified that could be included as potential guidelines in the assessment and management of need-adapted treatments (Leiftker, 2009). Moreover, liability traits might operate as markers in preventive interventions for targeting individuals at risk of developing particular forms of the disease (Keshavan, 2011).
El constructo general de cognición humana involucra una serie de procesos mentales por medio de los cuales los individuos perciben, interpretan y, en consecuencia, actúan sobre la realidad que los rodea y sobre sus pares (Sternberg y Mio, 2009). En los últimos años, el reconocimiento de la diversidad humana y la variabilidad de los rasgos psicológicos entre los individuos ha promovido preguntas acerca de las diferencias inter-individuales que hacen a cada sujeto único en términos de cognición (Baddeley, 2003; Botvinick, 2008). En particular, los estudios de genética cuantitativa demuestran que tanto la variabilidad genética como los factores ambientales podrían estar involucrados en la expresión fenotípica de las funciones cognitivas (Plomin, 2011). Sin embargo, aún no son claros los mecanismos específicos por medio de los cuales los genes y el ambiente contribuyen a esta variabilidad. Las alteraciones cognitivas son un rasgo central en enfermedades mentales donde se presume que existen alteraciones del neurodesarrollo, como lo es la esquizofrenia. El modelo etiológico del neurodesarrollo de la esquizofrenia propone que esta enfermedad se expresaría como consecuencia de alteraciones neurobiológicas que iniciarían en una época temprana de la vida, incluso antes del desencadenamiento de los síntomas clínicos (van Os, 2009). No obstante, la presentación heterogénea de la enfermedad ha dificultado una comprensión más clara de los mecanismos involucrados en su manifestación. ¿Son todas las funciones cognitivas igualmente heredables? ¿Tienen los factores ambientales tempranos consecuencias a largo plazo sobre la cognición? ¿Cuál es la relación entre variabilidad genética y vulnerabilidad cognitiva? ¿Existen vías neurobiológicas específicas para la manifestación de las alteraciones cognitivas en pacientes con esquizofrenia? Estas preguntas se exploran en la presente tesis a partir de análisis basados en muestras de gemelos y en grupos familiares, que constituyen una manera metodológicamente potente de estudiar los efectos de la variabilidad genética y ambiental sobre la cognición humana. En este sentido, la diversidad fenotípica de la esquizofrenia y la cognición humana, lejos de representar un obstáculo para la investigación de su etiología, sienta las bases de modelos complejos que podrían fomentar una comprensión cada vez más completa de los mecanismos de vulnerabilidad y resiliencia posiblemente involucrados en su origen (Belsky, 2011).
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Silva, Juliana Saragiotto. "Métricas de análise de redes sociais e sua aplicação em redes de interação biológicas: metodologia de aplicação e estudos de caso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-22052015-154651/.

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Diversos pesquisadores têm se utilizado do recurso de Redes de Interação na área de Biodiversidade para analisar o papel das espécies na estrutura da uma rede cujos fundamentos conceituais são os mesmos das Redes Sociais (como Facebook, LinkedIn, entre outras). Nesse sentido, algoritmos, métricas e recursos computacionais e estatísticos provenientes da área de Análise de Redes Sociais (Social Network Analysis SNA) são ferramentas importantes para endereçar/apoiar estudos com interações. Assim sendo, o objetivo desta tese é propor uma metodologia para aplicação das métricas de SNA em estudos com Redes de Interação biológicas no domínio da Informática para a Biodiversidade. A metodologia está formalizada por meio da Notação para Modelagem de Processos de Negócio (BPMN - Business Process Model and Notation) e estruturada em quatro etapas: (i) mapeamento dos tipos de dados e de interação disponíveis; (ii) definição das perguntas-chave a serem respondidas e das variáveis de análise; (iii) escolha das métricas de SNA adequadas ao contexto da pesquisa; e (iv) realização de análises biológicas com o apoio de SNA. Como recursos materiais foram utilizadas as métricas de SNA, bem como um conjunto de ferramentas computacionais (como os pacotes do R e os programas Dieta, Pajek e Ucinet) e de Análise Estatística (como a Análise Exploratória de Dados e a Análise Multivariada de Dados). Esta proposta nasceu de um processo de colaboração com pesquisadores de diversas áreas do conhecimento, a partir de projetos desenvolvidos no Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Computação da USP (BioComp-USP), o que trouxe uma base de sustentação a esta metodologia. Para avaliar a adequação desta proposta a necessidades reais de pesquisa a metodologia foi aplicada a três estudos de caso com Redes de Interação microbiológicas. Os resultados mostram os benefícios que a disponibilização de um método sistematizado para guiar os passos de uma pesquisa pode trazer a um pesquisador seja em função do aporte de recursos recomendados, seja pelo processo de organização das atividades de pesquisa. Além disso, verifica-se a possibilidade de transposição desta proposta a outros domínios do conhecimento ainda não explorados, como em Agrobiodiversidade.
Several researchers have used Interaction Networks resources in the Biodiversity area for analyzing the role of species in network structure their conceptual foundations are the same as those in Social Networks (such as Facebook, LinkedIn, among others). Thus, algorithms, metrics, and statistical and computational resources from the Social Network Analysis (SNA) area are important tools for addressing this issue. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to propose a methodology for applying SNA metrics to biological interaction network studies in the Biodiversity Informatics domain. The methodology is formalized by means of Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) and structured in four steps: (i) mapping the data types and the interaction available; (ii) defining the key-questions to be answered and the analysis variable; (iii) choosing the SNA metrics appropriate to the context of the research; and (iv) performing the biological analysis with the support of SNA. As material resources, the SNA metrics were used, as well as a set of computational (such as R packages, Dieta, Pajek and Ucinet software) and Statistical Analysis (Exploratory Data Analysis and Multivariate Data Analysis) tools. This proposal generated a process collaboration with researchers from different knowledge areas, by means of projects developed at the Research Center on Biodiversity and Computing at USP (BioComp-USP), which provided a support base to this methodology. To assess the suitability of this proposal to the real research needs, it was applied to three case studies with microbiological Interaction Networks. The results show the benefits that providing a systematic method to guide the steps of one research can bring to a researcher be it due to the support of the resources recommended, be it by the organization of the research activities. In addition, there is the possibility of applying this methodology to unexplored knowledge fields, such as Agrobiodiversity.
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Books on the topic "Para-complex"

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Turienzo, Rubén. Carisma complex: 150 píldoras para aumentar tu magnetismo. Barcelona: Alienta, 2011.

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1958-, SUNG JUNG MO. Sujeto y sociedades complejas: Para repensar los horizontes utópicos. San José: Editorial Departamento Ecuménico de Investigaciones (DEI), 2005.

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Hacia la recuperación nacional de la producción industrial para la defensa. Buenos Aires: Editorial Dunken, 2012.

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Panzone, R. Variable compleja y funciones especiales: Guia de estudio para el curso. Bahia Blanca, Argentina: Universidad Nacional del Sur, 1991.

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Alvarez, Alfonso Cornejo. Complejidad y caos: Guía para la administración del siglo XXI. Monterrey, Nuevo León, México: Ediciones Castillo, 1997.

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La frontera México-Estados Unidos: Espacio global para la expansión del capital transnacional. México: Secretaría de Cultura, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 2017.

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Prioridades y acciones para la conservación a nivel paisaje: El complejo Madidi, Apolobamba, Pilón Lajas, Tacana = Landscape conservation priorities and actions : the Madidi, Apolobamba, Pilón Lajas, Tacana complex. La Paz: Wildlife Conservation Society, 2002.

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Dewar, Andrew Raffo. Performance, Resistance, and the Sounding of Public Space. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842741.003.0015.

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Two years after the 1966 military coup in Argentina, three musicians, Norberto Chavarri, Roque de Pedro and Guillermo Gregorio, formed the intermedia performance collective Movimiento Música Más. The collective combined experimental music, visual art, poetic performance, and political action, carrying out activities in concert halls, plazas, and city buses. This chapter examines the activist art of this little-known “Other” avant-garde that existed at the periphery of 1960s internationalism, focusing on two of its performance pieces: Plaza para una siesta de domingo (1970) and Música para colectivo línea 7 (1971), composed by Norberto Chavarri. These two performances embody the group’s approach to experimentalism: a commitment to bringing art and people into public spaces during a time of rigid governmental control of those spaces and bodies, creating domestically inspired aesthetic responses to the complex problems of late 1960s and early 1970s Buenos Aires.
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Prática de Ensino e Didática Pedagógica para Formação de Professores. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-646-7.

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We present the Practical Collection of Teaching and Pedagogical Didactics for Teacher Training, consisting of 2 volumes, which expresses the production of articles by educators, in different thematic fields, to contribute to the learning process in teacher education. This is about three important contextualizations that the internship seeks to offer: Early Childhood Education, Elementary School and School Management. In the first volume we will be addressing about early childhood education and elementary school and the second volume related article teaching project. Teaching and, consequently, teacher education is a field of education that has raised countless reflections on teacher identity, practices and knowledge, since being a teacher today brings very complex challenges and thus there is a need for formative projects that prepare them to face them. We consider that the internship in question has a very large professional formative dimension, because this is a moment that provides to unite knowledge and do. Knowledge that will become a guide of action of the practice, and to contribute to the acquisition of professional and pedagogical skills in view of future professional performance. As organizers, we want this collection to become an incentive for teacher training and for this collection to find convergences capable of building living and creative proposals for quality education for all. We also hope that the joy lived by us in the production path of this material will be present between the lines of these texts, so as to weave, jointly and severally, a huge network of commitments to education on our planet.
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Book chapters on the topic "Para-complex"

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Pardasani, R. T., and P. Pardasani. "Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with para-tritylphenolate and 6-methyl-2-formylpyridinethiosemicarbazone." In Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds, 934–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53974-3_483.

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Pardasani, R. T., and P. Pardasani. "Magnetic properties of copper(II) complex with para-tritylphenolate and 2-formylpyridine-4′-methylthiosemicarbazone." In Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds, 936–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53974-3_484.

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Alegre, Pablo. "Slant Submanifolds of Para Hermitian Manifolds." In Complex Geometry of Slant Submanifolds, 139–59. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0021-0_6.

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Nannicini, Antonella. "Generalized Geometry of Norden and Para Norden Manifolds." In Complex and Symplectic Geometry, 163–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62914-8_13.

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van Koningsveld, H., and J. C. Jansen. "Single crystal structure analysis of a high-loaded complex of H-ZSM-5 with para-dichlorobenzene." In Zeolite Science 1994: Recent Progress and Discussions - Supplementary Materials to the 10th International Zeolite Conference, Garmish-Partenkirchen, Germany, July 17-22, 1994, 63–64. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(06)81087-6.

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Valentine, Paul, and Lionel D. Sims. "Why Was There a Transition from an Elementary Kinship Structure to a Complex One?" In The Anthropology of Marriage in Lowland South America. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813054315.003.0010.

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During the 1930s in the Venezuelan village of San Carlos de Río Negro, the Baré practiced cross-cousin marriage. However, by the 1980s they married hypergamously among the Curripaco, Geral, and Criollos, all of whom had recently migrated to the village. There is considerable historical material on San Carlos, which when coupled with fieldwork, facilitate the formulation of a number of hypotheses to test what best accounts for this transformation of marital rules. Lévi-Strauss predicted the causes of the breakdown of elementary kinship structures and the creation of complex ones; this chapter suggests an alternative scenario. In a parallel case, Curripaco women migrated to San Carlos in the 1970s and 1980s, could marry someone employed directly or indirectly in the government project, Codesur (Comisión para el Desarrollo del Sur), and became incorporated into the complex kinship structure of this ex–rubber boom village. This chapter suggests their social transformation sheds light on the Baré transformation of some forty years earlier.
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Corma, A., G. Sastre, and P. Viruela. "Quantum-chemistry calculations of surface complex and orbital control in para/ortho toluene alkylation catalyzed by big pore zeolites." In Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 2171–78. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(08)63780-5.

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"Phenylpropanoid Natural Product Biosynthesis." In Natural Product Biosynthesis, 360–411. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781839165641-00360.

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Phenylpropane-based metabolites comprise a large repertoire of plant-based secondary metabolites. Unlike the alkaloids, these are a nitrogen-free collection of molecules, even though they arise from the nine-carbon framework of l-phenylalanine. In the very first committed step, phenylalanine is enzymatically deaminated to cinnamate and then processed to para-coumaryl-CoA. Flux continues down two distinct pathways. One involves a set of hydroxylations and O-methylations prior to radical-based dimerizations of those monolignols to lignans, such as pinoresinol and congeners. Those dimeric lignans can be polymerized into lignin as the structure-bearing complex phenylpropanoid macromolecular meshwork in woody plants. Alternatively, pinoresinol can be vectored to a host of phytoalexins, including podophyllotoxin in mayapple, the precursor to the semisynthetic anticancer drug etoposide. A second fate for the early para-coumaryl thioester metabolites is by a two-electron coupling mode, rather than the above one-electron routes. Plant type III polyketide synthases use carbanion chemistry to build chalcones, then flavones and isoflavone downstream metabolites, many with antioxidant properties.
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Welberry, T. R. "p-chloro-N-(p-methyl-benzylidene)aniline (MeCl)." In Diffuse X-ray Scattering and Models of Disorder, 121–30. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862482.003.0009.

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MeCl is one of a number of para disubstituted benzylidene anilines that have been of interest to theoretical chemists studying the way in which molecular shape and conformation influences the crystal structure of a compound. The molecular site in the structure contains molecules in one of four different orientations related by end-to-end and side-to-side flips. The complex diffuse scattering pattern has been successfully reproduced using a Monte Carlo simulation model in which 4 independent sets of random variables were used. These were binary variables for the side-to-side and end-to-end flips and Gaussian displacement variables for displacements parallel and perpendicular to the length of the molecule. (105 words)
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Cremer, Wolfram. "Direct Complaints of Individuals against Legal Acts Adopted by the European Union." In The Indian Yearbook of Comparative Law 2016, 302–27. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199482139.003.0013.

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This chapter states that, as opposed to most states, legal systems of different states of the European Union do not regulate the possibility of filing a constitutional complaint or a fundamental rights complaint against the European Union’s sovereign acts. However, individual complaints directly against the European Union’s sovereign acts are regulated in Article 263 para 4 of the Lisbon Treaty, and is complex as well as difficult to comprehend. According to this, a person’s standing especially requires an act to be of ‘direct and individual’ concern to him. Merely the prerequisites for taking legal actions against a ‘regulatory act’ are diminished since the Treaty of Lisbon came into force in 2009. The multifaceted jurisprudence of the union’s jurisdiction regarding this chapter is unfolded, systematized, and evaluated in this contribution.
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Conference papers on the topic "Para-complex"

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Woodbridge, Yonatan, Gal Elidan, and Ami Wiesel. "Signal detection in para complex normal noise." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2016.7472483.

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Biswas, Souvick, and Tapas Chakraborty. "LIF STUDY FOR THE VIBRONIC STRUCTURE OF PARA-FLUOROPHENOL...AMMONIA BINARY COMPLEX." In 74th International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2019.wb08.

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Shao, Hongfei, Huaixiang Li, and Wei He. "Porous polydopamine and para-aminobenzoic acid complex membrane formed by electrochemical codeposition/degradation." In 2017 6th International Conference on Measurement, Instrumentation and Automation (ICMIA 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmia-17.2017.3.

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Morais, Willy Ank de, and Patrícia Pala Diniz. "ADEQUAÇÃO DE UM PROCESSO DE SOLDAGEM GMAW PARA UM AÇO COMPLEX PHASE LAMINADO A QUENTE DE FABRICAÇÃO NACIONAL." In 73º Congresso Anual da ABM. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/1516-392x-293.

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Montanher, Renato Cristiano, Igor Calebe Zadi, and Ana Maria Monteiro. "Complex World: um jogo para auxiliar o aprendizado de inglês como segunda língua utilizando a abordagem pedagógica do Pensamento Complexo." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbie.2021.218506.

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Este artigo apresenta Complex World, um RPG digital criado para auxiliar no ensino-aprendizado de Inglês como segunda língua. Complex World utiliza uma abordagem pedagógica baseada no Pensamento Complexo e possui um chatbot como interlocutor. Estudantes do ensino médio e superior utilizaram Complex World e os resultados desse experimento apontam que o RPG desenvolvido impactou positivamente na motivação, na experiência do usuário, nos quesitos de interlocução e aprendizagem. Foi possível verificar que Complex World se mostrou uma opção viável para auxiliar no ensino-aprendizagem de uma segunda língua.
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Proezdov, Petr, Dmitry Eskov, Dmitry Mashtakov, and Aleksander Rozanov. "Influence Pattern of Forest Strips Complex and Mulched Para-Plowing in Crop Rotations on Erosion in the Volga Region Steppe." In Proceedings of the Ecological-Socio-Economic Systems: Models of Competition and Cooperation (ESES 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200113.066.

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Gomes Jr., Jorão, Rômulo Chrispim de Mello, Ana Beatriz Kapps dos Reis, Victor Ströele, and Jairo Francisco de Souza. "Uma revisão breve sobre perguntas complexas em bases de conhecimento para sistemas de perguntas e respostas." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Tecnologia da Informação e da Linguagem Humana. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/stil.2021.17808.

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O avanço nos sistemas de Question Answering alcançou resultados importantes e novos problemas relacionados, como Complex Question Answering e Knowledge Base Question Answering, surgiram. No entanto, faltam estudos que analisam o problema e abordagens para Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering (C-KBQA). Este trabalho preenche essa lacuna apresentando uma visão geral do C-KBQA. Uma coleção de 54 artigos foi selecionada e um mapa dos métodos, abordagens, tendências e lacunas sobre C-KBQA foi realizado. É mostrado que as questões de múltiplos saltos e restritivas são os dois tipos de questões abordadas na literatura. Três etapas foram identificadas para criar um sistema C-KBQA e duas abordagens são geralmente usadas.
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PEDROSA, LETICIA MEINBERG, MARCOS PEREIRA ESTELLITA LINS, SILVANA MARQUES MIRANDA SPYRIDES, and CLARICE GUIMARÃES BARROS MARTINS. "Aplicação do método Complex Holographic Assessment of Paradoxical Problems (CHAP2) para análise e apoio à gestão de Curso de Extensão em Implantodontia." In ENEGEP 2020 - Encontro Nacional de Engenharia de Produção. ENEGEP 2020 - Encontro Nacional de Engenharia de Produção, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14488/enegep2020_tn_sto_342_1751_41391.

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Surin, Leonid, Ad van der Avoird, Jerome Loreau, Melanie Schnell, Cristobal Perez, and Ivan Tarabukin. "BOUND STATE CALCULATIONS OF THE VAN DER WAALS NH3−Ne COMPLEX AND FIRST MICROWAVE DETECTION OF THE MISSING (para)-NH3−Ne NUCLEAR SPIN ISOMER." In 2020 International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2020.we06.

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Scattone, Fernando Freire, and Kelly Rosa Braghetto. "Processamento Distribuído de Eventos Complexos Aplicado à Detecção de Eventos no Trânsito em Tempo Real." In Escola Regional de Alto Desempenho de São Paulo. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/eradsp.2020.16890.

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Uma técnica comumente usada para processar dados em tempo real é o Processamento de Eventos Complexos (CEP - Complex Event Processing). CEP permite a detecção de eventos de interesse a partir da identificação de padrões nos dados processados. Este trabalho apresenta uma implementação de arquitetura de microsserviços auto-escalável para CEP, apropriada para lidar com grandes fluxos de dados, como os gerados por sensores em cidades inteligentes. Um sistema que detecta problemas no tráfego das linhas de transporte público de ônibus de São Paulo foi projetado para testar a arquitetura.
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Reports on the topic "Para-complex"

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Tweet, Justin, Holley Flora, Summer Weeks, Eathan McIntyre, and Vincent Santucci. Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2289972.

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Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument (PARA) in northwestern Arizona has significant paleontological resources, which are recognized in the establishing presidential proclamation. Because of the challenges of working in this remote area, there has been little documentation of these resources over the years. PARA also has an unusual management situation which complicates resource management. The majority of PARA is administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM; this land is described here as PARA-BLM), while about 20% of the monument is administered by the National Park Service (NPS; this land is described here as PARA-NPS) in conjunction with Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LAKE). Parcels of state and private land are scattered throughout the monument. Reports of fossils within what is now PARA go back to at least 1914. Geologic and paleontologic reports have been sporadic over the past century. Much of what was known of the paleontology before the 2020 field inventory was documented by geologists focused on nearby Grand Canyon National Park (GRCA) and LAKE, or by students working on graduate projects; in either case, paleontology was a secondary topic of interest. The historical record of fossil discoveries in PARA is dominated by Edwin McKee, who reported fossils from localities in PARA-NPS and PARA-BLM as part of larger regional projects published from the 1930s to the 1980s. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has mapped the geology of PARA in a series of publications since the early 1980s. Unpublished reports by researchers from regional institutions have documented paleontological resources in Quaternary caves and rock shelters. From September to December 2020, a field inventory was conducted to better understand the scope and distribution of paleontological resources at PARA. Thirty-eight localities distributed across the monument and throughout its numerous geologic units were documented extensively, including more than 420 GPS points and 1,300 photos, and a small number of fossil specimens were collected and catalogued under 38 numbers. In addition, interviews were conducted with staff to document the status of paleontology at PARA, and potential directions for future management, research, protection, and interpretation. In geologic terms, PARA is located on the boundary of the Colorado Plateau and the Basin and Range provinces. Before the uplift of the Colorado Plateau near the end of the Cretaceous 66 million years ago, this area was much lower in elevation and subject to flooding by shallow continental seas. This led to prolonged episodes of marine deposition as well as complex stratigraphic intervals of alternating terrestrial and marine strata. Most of the rock formations that are exposed in the monument belong to the Paleozoic part of the Grand Canyon section, deposited between approximately 510 and 270 million years ago in mostly shallow marine settings. These rocks have abundant fossils of marine invertebrates such as sponges, corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, bivalves, gastropods, crinoids, and echinoids. The Cambrian–Devonian portion of the Grand Canyon Paleozoic section is represented in only a few areas of PARA. The bulk of the Paleozoic rocks at PARA are Mississippian to Permian in age, approximately 360 to 270 million years old, and belong to the Redwall Limestone through the Kaibab Formation. While the Grand Canyon section has only small remnants of younger Mesozoic rocks, several Mesozoic formations are exposed within PARA, mostly ranging in age from the Early Triassic to the Early Jurassic (approximately 252 to 175 million years ago), as well as some middle Cretaceous rocks deposited approximately 100 million years ago. Mesozoic fossils in PARA include marine fossils in the Moenkopi Formation and petrified wood and invertebrate trace fossils in the Chinle Formation and undivided Moenave and Kayenta Formations.
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