Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'PAR-XPS'
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El, Kazzi Mario. "ETUDE PAR PHOTOEMISSION (XPS & XPD) D'HETEROSTRUCTURES D'OXYDES FONCTIONNELS EPITAXIES SUR SILICIUM." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00321458.
Full textDans ce contexte, l'objectif principal de ma thèse a été de mener une étude approfondie des propriétés physicochimiques et structurales de couches fines d'oxydes élaborées par Epitaxie par Jets Moléculaires (EJM) sur substrat silicium ou oxyde, en utilisant la spectroscopie de photoélectrons (XPS) et la diffraction de photoélectrons (XPD).
Nous avons étudié dans un premier temps la relaxation de films minces de LaAlO3 et de BaTiO3 épitaxiés sur des substrats de SrTiO3(001). Nous avons montré qu'au-dessous d'une certaine épaisseur critique ces deux oxydes sont contraints de façon pseudomorphiques sur SrTiO3(001). De plus nous avons clairement mis en évidence une forte augmentation de la déformation ferroélectrique pour une couche contrainte de BaTiO3.
Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons aussi étudié la croissance de LaAlO3 sur Si(001). LaAlO3 est amorphe pour des températures de croissance en dessous de 500°C. Pour des températures supérieures il y a formation de silicates à l'interface qui empêche la cristallisation. Pour surmonter cette difficulté, des procédés d'ingénierie d'interface ont été développés pour limiter les réactions interfaciales et réussir la croissance épitaxiale. Ils sont basés sur l'utilisation de couches tampons interfaciales d'oxydes comme SrO, SrTiO3 et Al2O3.
Enfin, nous avons comparé les modes de croissance et la stabilité d'interface d'Al2O3 et de Gd2O3 épitaxiés sur Si(111) et Si(001). Les résultats prouvent que la croissance de ces deux oxydes sur Si(111) a une orientation suivant [111]. Par contre sur Si(001) le mécanisme de croissance est plus complexe avec des relations d'épitaxie et des orientations inhabituelles.
Kazzi, Mario Hollinger Guy. "Etude par photoemission (XPS & XPD) d'hétérostructures d'oxydes fonctionnels epitaxies sur silicium." Ecully : Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/melkazzi.pdf.
Full textKazzi, Mario El. "Etude par photoemission (XPS & XPD) d'hétérostructures d'oxydes fonctionnels epitaxies sur silicium." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ECDL0028.
Full textThis thesis is on one of the main INL axes, the goal of which is to develop the growth procedures of thin oxide single crystal on silicon. These oxides are meant to replace the presently used amorphous gate oxide (SiOxNy and HfSixOyNz) by a high-κ oxide in future “sub 22nm” CMOS. Besides, the interest in controlling the growth of these oxides goes far beyond this oxide gate application. This know-how would be a technological breakthrough to develop monolithic integration on silicon. In this context, the main objective of my thesis has been to study the physico-chemical and structural properties of thin oxide layers grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) on silicon or oxide substrate. We have used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD). First, the stress relaxation of LaAlO3 and BaTiO3 grown on SrTiO3 (001) substrate has been investigated. We have proved that below a critical thickness this two oxides can be grown pseudomorphically and that beyond a plastic relaxation occurs. In addition, we have evidenced that the ferroelectric deformation is strongly enhanced in strained BaTiO3 thin films. Second, we have studied the LaAlO3 growth on Si(001). LaAlO3 is amorphous for growth temperature below 500°C. For higher temperature, the formation of silicates at the interface prevents the crystallization. Thus, an interface engineering strategy has been set up to avoid these interfacial reactions and to succeed an epitaxial growth,. Using SrO, SrTiO3 and Al2O3 as buffer Finally, a comparison of the growth mode and interface stability has been done between Al2O3 and Gd2O3 grown either on Si(111) or Si(001) substrates. Results show that this two oxides grow along the [111] direction on Si(111). However, on Si(001), the growth mechanism is more complex leading to unusual orientations and epitaxial relationships
Leroy, Stéphane. "Etude d'interfaces électrode/électrolyte dans les batteries Li-ionApproche par XPS et AFM." Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU3033.
Full textThe lithium-ion batteries are today the principal source of energy of portable electronics (telephones, computers. . . ). Their capacity (quantity of electricity being able to be provided) is controlled by the electronic and crystallographic structure materials of electrode, whereas their behaviour in cycling and their lifespan are strongly related to the interface électrode/électrolyte. In this work of thesis, we undertook the thorough study of interfacial layers using adapted techniques of analysis of surface allowing obtaining chemical and morphological information : the X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A significant share of work was devoted to the study of the layers formed on the level of material of negative electrode (graphite) of a commercial lithium-ion battery : LiCoO2// EC/DMC/DEC (2/2/1); LiPF6 (1mol. L-1)// graphite. Original approaches of analysis were implemented : 1) Thorough study of reference's composed; various breakdown products of solvent and the salt of the electrolyte were characterized thoroughly by XPS. 2) Study of the process of formation of the layer by the means of systematic analyses XPS and AFM in various states of load by a follow-up step by step. 3) The influence of the electrolyte's nature was also examined. We then approached the study of the interfacial layers formed on the level of the positive electrode (LiCoO2) of the commercial battery Li-ion. An extension of work to other promising materials of negative electrode (Cu6Sn5, CoSn2) was also undertaken
Mahjoub, Mohamed Aymen. "Contributions aux études quantitatives par spectroscopies électroniques (EPES et XPS) : Applications aux surfaces nanostructurées." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22666/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the development of new in-situ methods of characterization based on the electron spectroscopies (XPS and EPES) coupled with theoretical calculations obtained through Monte-Carlo simulations in order to perform very precise quantitative studies. The first part of this thesis was devoted to quantitative studies of XPS and MM-EPES measurements. Firstly, the correction function of a hemispherical analyzer (HSA) which is a combination of the analysis area (A) and the transmission (T) was determined using a new method based on the elastic images. For the first time, the dependence of A on the kinetic energy of electrons was highlighted. Using this function, an in-situ method based on the combination of XPS and MM-EPES modeling was setting up. This method was used to determine the organization of gold film deposed on oxidized silicon substrate. Measurements show that this method is able to determine surface parameters when the microscopy techniques do not give any information in the case of a small quantity of gold deposit (less than 2 nm). The second part of this work was directed towards developing a new generation of microscopy called MM-EPEM which is based on the detection of elastic electrons. The stages required to obtain these images are well described and optimized here. The MM-EPEM images processing was used to study gold growth on different substrates. This technique is a non-destructive method and allows the operator to construct chemical tomography and to determine the nano-organization of the surface
Hieulle, Jeremy. "Structures et propriétés électroniques de monocouches organiques auto-assemblées, caractérisée par STM et XPS." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPXX0070.
Full textZouiten, Abdelaziz. "Caractérisation de surface des zéolithes et analyse de leurs propriétés acides : étude par XPS." Pau, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PAUU3005.
Full textVittoz, Christelle. "Étude de l'acido-basicité des surfaces par mouillabilité et XPS : application aux aciers inoxydables." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0042.
Full textAlami, Mohammed. "Métallisation des polymères par le procédé "electroless" : étude XPS des étapes préalables d'activation des surfaces." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10300.
Full textChanson, Romain. "Gravure de l’InP par plasma ICP chloré et HBr/Ar : modélisation multiéchelle et analyse XPS." Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=2b207546-39e2-4c12-871a-17575da77fd5.
Full textAirault, Alain. "Caractérisation de catalyseurs platine-rhodium sur alumine et sur zircone par spectroscopie XPS et réactions catalytiques." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2322.
Full textLe, Seigneur Pierre Jacques. "Caractérisations de dépôts de nickel sur TiO#2. Etude par EXAFS de surface, XPS et SIMS." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOS031.
Full textSteinmann, Pierre-Albert. "Etude par XPS des propriétés chimiques de l'interface en relation avec le comportement tribologique de revêtements de MoS₂ déposés par pulvérisation cathodique /." Lausanne, 1993. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?display=detail&nr=1138.
Full textPrévost, Marina. "Etude par spectroscopies XPS et ISS d'hétéropolyoxométalates massiques et supportés, catalyseurs d'oxydation sélective : Interaction support-phase déposée." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10118.
Full textHoussenbay, Sabine. "Etude par XPS et spectroscopie Raman de l'élaboration de catalyseurs d'hydrodéazotation "NiO - MoO3" sur de nouveaux supports." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10066.
Full textBenayad, Anass. "Etude par spectroscopie photoélectronique à rayonnement X (XPS) de matériaux potentiels d'électrode positive pour microaccumulateurs au lithium." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13127.
Full textDe, Vito Éric. "Etude par spectroscopie XPS et électrochimie de la passivation et de la corrosion localisée d'aciers inoxydables austénitiques traités par implantation ionique de molybdène." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066681.
Full textGrimal, Jean-Michel. "Etude par XPS de l'effet antagoniste du soufre et du chrome sur la passivation d'alliages Ni Cr Fe." Grenoble : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37593899w.
Full textBodenes, Lucille. "Etude du vieillissement de batteries lithium-ion fonctionnant à haute température par Spectroscopie Photoélectronique à rayonnement X (XPS)." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3050/document.
Full textNowadays, lithium-ion batteries occupy a prominent place in the field of energy storage. Phenomena involved in their aging mechanisms are quite well known for operating temperatures close to room temperature. However, their use at high temperatures for applications such as oil drilling, "in situ" sterilization or freight tracking requires some technical issues to be improved: stability of the electrolyte and electrode binders, compatibility electrolyte / separator, aging of active materials and changes of the interfaces. The batteries selected for this thesis consist of a Li(Ni,Mn,Co)O2 lamellar material at the positive electrode and graphite at the negative electrode. To describe aging phenomena related to high temperature, surface analyzes were carried out by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy on the electrodes of batteries cycled at 85 and 120°C. These analyzes reveal the degradation of the positive electrode’s binder, and the changes of electrodes/electrolyte’s interfaces at high temperature compared to ambient temperature
Bouih, Hassan. "Caractérisation par spectroscopie photoélectronique à rayonnement X(XPS) et calculs quantiques des entités de base de verres sulfurés." Pau, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PAUU3030.
Full textGRIMAL, JEAN MICHEL. "Etude par xps de l'effet antagoniste du soufre et du chrome sur la passivation d'alliage sni cr fe." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066215.
Full textFoix, Dominique. "Caractéristiques structurales et électroniques de verres chalcogénures : Etude par spectroscopie photoélectronique à rayonnement X (XPS) et calculs quantiques." Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU3032.
Full textThe aim of this work is the analysis by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) of chalcogenide glasses associated with theoretical calculations. The first part of this report deals with thiosilicate and thiogermanate glasses for which a XPS analyses of core peaks allowed us to determine the influence of a change of modifier content and nature. In order to support the experimental results, ab initio calculations (HF - LanL2DZ) were performed on clusters modelling thiogermanate glasses. Beside this core peak study, the XPS valence spectra of thiogermanate and thiosilicates glasses were analysed. These analyses were based on theoretical calculations performed in a FPLAPW method on reference crystalline materials such as GeS2, Na2GeS3 et SiS2. The second part of this report concerns the study of the chemical evolution (for soaked samples) at the surface of a membrane of chemical sensors based on thioarseniate glasses and sensitive to cupric ions
Fontaine, Charly. "Analyse par XPS d'empilements High-K Metal Gate de transistors CMOS et corrélation des décalages d'énergie de liaison aux tensions de seuil." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT011/document.
Full textThe last microelectronic technologies includes transistors with materials of high dielectric constant (high-k ) associated to metal gate (we use the abbreviation HKMG for high-k - bad metal). If this pile allows to keep a sufficient quantity of charges in the channel, it is more difficult to check the threshold voltage of transistors because of the presence of charge and of dipole in these layers or in the interfaces. Two preliminary studies established that there is a correlation between the binding energies measured by XPS of a pile HKMG and the threshold voltage of a transistor using the same pile. Charges are present in the insulating layers of piles HKMG, leading to a difference of the electrostatic potential within these layers. A modification of the effective workfunction of the metallic electrode of the transistor in s then observed, and in XPS these charges lead t oa variation of the kinetic energy of electrons extracted from the layer. The purpose of this thesis is simulate in a quantitative way the electrostatic impact of this charges and dipôles and to compare this impact with the observation made by XPS as well as with the electric measures of the threshold voltage of transistors. This will then allow to estimate the variation of the threshold voltage of transistors well further in the manufacturing process
Raoult, François. "Stabilisation de la résistance électrique des couches de CdSe déposées par évaporation sous vide analyse par XPS et deltaR-TPD de l'ionosorption de l'oxygène sur ces couches /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611056f.
Full textDEMUYNCK, LAURENT. "Nucleation et croissance de couches diamant elaborees par cvd sur differents substrats de silicium. Etude par spectroscopies d'electrons : electrons auger (aes), photoemission x (xps), pertes d'energies (els)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13228.
Full textLe, Gouil Anne. "Etude et développement de procédés de gravure plasma pour l'élaboration des grilles métalliques pour les filières technologiques CMOS : cas de l'empilement Si/TiN/HfO2." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10164.
Full textAs the dimensions of CMOS transistors shrink, parasitic effects become more significant and the electrical device properties are perturbated. Silicon and silicon oxide materials are no more suitable for the gate module, and it is expected that metals and high-k dielectric will replace them soon. This work focuses on plasma etching ofmetal gate polysilicon/TiN/Hf02 for their integration in 45 nm and 32 nm technology nodes. Halogen-based plasmas and plasma-surface interactions have been analyzed by mass spectrometry, Xray photoelectron spectroscopy and morphological characterization techniques (SEM, TEM, AFM). This allowed to understand the TiN etching mechanisms and to develop metal gate stack etching processes. It is shown that TiN etching in HBr plasma is selective towards Hf02 but leads to tapered profiles, whereas TiN etching in CI2 plasma is more isotropic and leads to roughness formation (due to micromasking) and thus selectivity issues. Hence anisotropic and selective etching ofTiN must be achieved in HB/CI2 mixture at low RF bias power. Furthermore when etching a polySi/metal gate stack, the silicon etching process must be rethought because the introduction of a metallayer modifies the charges distribution on etch stop layer, which results in damaged silicon etched profiles. Ln addition TiN etch process must respect the integrity of silicon gate sidewalls. This work shows that notching of silicon at the Si/TiN interface during TiN etching is an issue that can only be overcome by controlling the passivation layers formed on the silicon gate sidewalls and the reactor walls conditions. As a matter of fact, the chemical nature of the coatings formed on the reactor walls controls the density of CI and Br atoms in the plasma and thus its notching capability. It is thus particularly important to control the reactor wall conditions for metal gate etching applications
RAOULT, FRANCOIS. "Stabilisation de la resistance electrique des couches de cdse deposees par evaporation sous vide : analyse par xps et delta r-tpd de l'ionosorption de l'oxygene sur ces couches." Rennes 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REN10011.
Full textRoyer, Jacques. "Etude par spectroscopie de photoelectrons xps de l'interaction induite par faisceau d'electrons ou d'ions neon entre de l'hexafluorure de soufre adsorbe et du silicium monocristallin a basse temp." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT2087.
Full textCONSTANT, LAURENT. "Nucleation et croissance de couches diamant elaborees par hfcvd sur cuivre polycristallin et monocristallin (111) etudiees par spectroscopies electroniques : photoemission x (xps), electrons auger (aes), pertes d'energie (eels)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR13082.
Full textHERBELIN, JEAN-MARC. "Etude par spectroscopie de photoelectrons (xps) et radiochimie (c136) de l'interaction des ions chlorures avec le film passif forme sur le nickel." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066170.
Full textDeroubaix, Gérard. "Etude par radiochimie (s#3#5*) et spectroscopie de photoelectrons (xps) des premiers stades de sulfuration d'un alliage cu-30% zn (laiton)." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066702.
Full textDupin, Jean-Charles. "Etude par spectroscopie photoélectronique à rayonnement X(XPS) des caractéristiques électroniques de couches minces amorphes d'oxydes et d'oxysulfures de métaux de transition." Pau, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PAUU3026.
Full textMazet, Lucie. "Epitaxie par jets moléculaires de l'oxyde BaTiO3 sur Si et Si1xGex : étude de la croissance, des propriétés structurales ou physico-chimiques et de la ferroélectricité : applications à des dispositifs à effet de champ." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC021/document.
Full textNo abstract
Louahadj, Lamis. "Développement de l'épitaxie par jets moléculaires pour la croissance d'oxydes fonctionnels sur semiconducteurs." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDL0038/document.
Full textThe development of microelectronics industry has been, until recently, essentially based on the regular improvement of device performances thanks to the downscaling strategy as a continuity of Moore’s law. This evolution is now confronted to the intrinsic physical properties limitations of the material used in the silicon industry (Si and SiO2). Integrating different materials on silicon thus becomes a major challenge of industry development. In this context, functional oxides form a very interesting family of materials: their physical properties (ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, piezoelectricity, strong Pockels effect) and the possibility to combine them (heterostructures) by epitaxy opens a way for fabricating innovating and high-performance components for applications in micro and optoelectronic, spintronic, micro-waves and MEMs… These oxides and specifically those belonging to the perovskite family are classicaly grown by Laser Ablation (PLD), sputtering or by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) on STO substrates. These substrates are inappropriate for industry applications due to their limited size (1cm²) and their relatively bad structural quality. On the other hand, defining a strategy for integrating these materials on silicon is essential for future applications. In this context, using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) for the growth of oxides is particularly relevant since this technique allows fabricating monocristalline thin films of STO on Silicon and on GaAs, which open the way of integrating other functional oxides on this substrates via templates of STO. However, MBE is not a mature technique for functional oxides growth. The purpose of this PhD work, financed by a CIFRE contract with the RIBER Company, equipment manifacturer for molecular beam epitaxy, is to develop the growth of functional oxides by MBE. It enters into the framework of a joint laboratory signed between RIBER and INL In this work, we first present technical development performed on a prototype MBE reactor dedicated to oxide growth. We show by then how these technical developments allow a better understanding and control of the growth of STO on Si templates, in particular the crystallisation of initially amorphous STO on Silicon, which is catalysed by an excess of Sr at the first stage of the growth. We demonstrate how it is possible to control this Sr excess so that it does not affect the film quality. We propose a study of the effect of STO cationic stoechiometry on the structural properties. We also show how the use of a conveniently designed oxygen plasma source allows for obtaining good oxidation of the oxide thin films. Finally, we detail a few examples of integration of functional oxides (piezoelectric PZT, ferroelectric BTO) on templates STO/Si. We have also studied the growth of STO on GaAs substrates by MBE and we demonstrate the first integration of monocristalline ferroelectric PZT on GaAs
Brunon, Céline. "Application des caractérisations de surface par XPS, ToF-SIMS, SIMS, EELS, SEM, AFM et TEM à la compréhension des mécanismes de protection antimicrobienne de textiles modifiés par traitements de surface." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10294.
Full textThis thesis work concerns the characterization effort within a cooperation project aiming at developing antimicrobial textiles for various application fields, particularly health applications and food-processing industry. The analytical approach combined different surface analysis techniques (microscopy techniques (SEM, AFM, TEM) and spectroscopy techniques (XPS, ToF-SIMS, SIMS, EELS)) to microbiological tests in order to understand the antimicrobial activity of deposits at the surface of textiles. Silver and Poly Hexamethylene Biguanide (PHMB) antimicrobial agents were deposited by plasma (PVD / PECVD) and padding, respectively. Specific constraints related to the application fields (hernia implants and clothing) were considered (minimum concentration in antimicrobial agent and resistance to industrial washing, respectively). Despite some ubiquitous contamination related to industrial processes, surface analysis techniques proved to be an essential help to develop these processes (deposit quality, influence of deposition conditions, influence of washing). Depending on the application fields, high sensitivity surface analysis at the extreme surface and in-depth distribution of the antimicrobial agent were essential to understand the antimicrobial properties of the deposits, which confirms the relevance of the multi-analytical approach used in this thesis work
Benoist, Laurent. "Caractérisation par spectroscopie photoélectronique a rayonnement x (xps) de matériaux amorphes massifs et sous forme de couches minces, utilisables dans les microgénérateurs électrochimiques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00150020.
Full textBenoist, Laurent. "Caractérisation par spectroscopie photoélectronique à rayonnement X (XPS) de matériaux amorphes massifs et sous forme de couches minces, utilisables dans des microgénérateurs électrochimiques." Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10570.
Full textBournel, Fabrice. "Étude des modes d'adsorption de dérivés de l'éthylène sur Pt(111) et aluminium polycristallin par photoémission (UPS, XPS), absorption X (NEXAFS) et infrarouge (RAIRS)." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066544.
Full textGauthier, Nicolas. "Caractérisation physico-chimique des interfaces électrode/électrolyte dans les accumulateurs lithium-ion constitués d'une anode Li4Ti5O12, de leurs vieillissements et de leurs interactions : Analyse complémentaire par XPS, ToF-SIMS et AES." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3033.
Full textThe development of the Li-ion batteries and the adapted technological solutions for their improvement in terms of cyclability and safety will allow to generalize their use in electric vehicles in the future and to perpetuate their energy supply. The use of lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) as an alternative negative electrode to graphite (the most commonly used electrode in commercial systems) in Li-ion batteries can complete these requirements. Nevertheless, parasitic reactions occurring at the LTO electrode/electrolyte interface, during cells cycling, are responsible for a significant gas production and the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI), which highly impacts the batteries operation and performance. The SEI formed at the LTO electrodes, is of the order of a few nanometers thick. In fact, the work carried out involved the extreme surface sensitivity of three techniques suitable for the study of electrode/electrolyte interfaces and their interactions: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), scanning Auger microscopy (SAM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The results, presented in this manuscript, thus come from the physicochemical study of electrode/electrolyte interfaces in lithium-ion cells consisting of a Li4Ti5O12 anode, their aging and their interactions. The positive electrodes used in this work, composed of oxides such as LiFePO4, LiNi3/5Mn1/5Co1/5O2 and LiMn2O4, are those usually incorporated into commercial systems. Various parameters that have an influence on the electrochemical performances of the accumulator and on the properties of the SEI (thickness, chemical composition, dissolution) and in particular that formed at the LTO electrode/electrolyte interface have therefore been studied. In particular, the nature of the positive electrode has been modified, the cycling temperature, the operating regimes and the high (4.6 V) and low (0.0 V) potential cut-off voltages have been varied as well as the composition of the electrolyte (on the one hand the lithium salt and on the other hand the solvent) and the composition of the LTO electrode
YANG, YANG WENPING. "Etude par spectroscopie xps et electrochimie de la passivation et de la corrosion localisee d'un alliage fe-17%cr en presence de chlorures et de thiosulfates." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066279.
Full textABED, AHMED EL, and Maurice Guérin. "Caractérisation physique de matériaux catalytiques : étude par EXAFS, DRX et XPS de Catalyseurs mono- et bimétalliques : Pt/Al2O3-y et Pt-M/Al2O3-y (M=Re, Sn)." Poitiers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993POIT2315.
Full textVallat, Rémi. "Dépôts sélectifs d'oxydes de Titane et de Tantale par ajout d'un plasma de gravure dans un procédé PEALD pour application aux mémoires résistives." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT073/document.
Full textAt advanced nodes, lithography starts to dominate the wafer cost (EUV, managing multiple mask passes per layer and pattern placement error….). Therefore, complementary techniques are needed to continue extreme scaling and extend Moore’s law. Selective deposition and etching is one of them because they can be used to increase and enhance patterning capabilities at very low cost. From all the different deposition processes, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) is maybe the most suitable technique to develop a selective process due to its very good coverage property and its high surface sensitivity. This process is called Area Selective Deposition and is a selective deposition process for bottom-up construction It is usually based on a specific surface activation or deactivation treatment in order to activate or limit / inhibit chemical reactions with the ALD precursor / reactant. This surface modifications are usually obtained by using seed layer (activation) or organic groups such as Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAM) (deactivation). Another pathway for selective area deposition with ALD is to take advantage of the inherent substrate-dependent growth initiation: this is inherent selectivity based on difference of nucleation delay. In this thesis, we have proposed a new ASD process of thin oxide by combining atomic layer deposition and etching step (super-cycle) for a 3D Vertical RAM integration. This allows the selective growth of a thin oxide on a metal substrate without deposition on an insulator and/or a semi-conductor substrate(s). The etching step is achieved by NF3 addition in an oxygen plasma every n cycles of the PEALD process allowing (1) to etch the oxide layer on Si and/or SiO2 surface while keeping few nanometers of oxide on TiN substrate and (2) to passivate this two surfaces and to add a new incubation time on Si or SiO2 substrates. We used this process for the deposition of two oxides that are currently under study for non-volatile resistive memories applications: Ta2O5 and TiO2. The intention for memory application is to realize a crosspoint memory in Back-End level from a pattern area or a trench area without the photolithography step
Petit-Boileau, Sophie. "Préparation de surface du PET avant métallisation : étude et comparaison des procédés laser excimère et plasma hors-équilibre." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066564.
Full textAoukar, Manuela. "Dépôt de matériaux à changement de phase par PE-MOCVD à injection liquide pulsée pour des applications mémoires PCRAM." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT075/document.
Full textPhase change random access memories PCRAM are based on the fast and reversible switch between the high resistive amorphous state and the low resistive crystalline state of a phase change material (PCM). These memories are considered to be one of the most promising candidates for the next generation of non volatile memories thanks to their unique set of features such as fast programming speed, multi-level storage capability, good endurance and high scalability. However, high power consumption during the RESET operation (IRESET) is the main challenge that PCRAM has to face in order to explode the non volatile memory market. In this context, it has been demonstrated that by integrating the phase change material (PCM) in high aspect ratio lithographic structures, the heating efficiency is improved leading to a reduced reset current. In order to fill such confined structures with the phase change material, a highly conformal deposition process is required. Therefore, a pulsed liquid injection Plasma Enhanced-Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition process (PE-MOCVD) was developed in this work. First, amorphous and homogeneous GeTe films were deposited using the organometallic precursors TDMAGe and DIPTe as Ge and Te precursors. XPS measurements revealed a stoichiometric composition of GeTe but with high carbon contamination. Thus, one of the objectives of this work was to reduce the carbon contamination and to optimize the phase change properties of the deposited PCMs. The effect of deposition parameters such as plasma power, pressure and gas rate on the carbon contamination is then presented. By tuning and optimizing deposition parameters, GeTe films with carbon level as low at 2 at. % were obtained. Thereafter, homogeneous films of GeSbTe were deposited by injecting simultaneously the organometallic precursors TDMAGe, TDMASb and DiPTe in the plasma. A wide range of compositions was obtained by varying the injection and deposition operating parameters. Indeed, one of the main advantages of this process is the ability of varying films composition, which results in varying phase change characteristics of the deposited PCM. The impact of plasma parameters on the conformity of the process was also studied. It was shown that by adding a low frequency power component to the radio frequency power of the plasma, structures with high aspect ratio were successfully filled with the phase change material. Finally, electrical characterization of PCRAM test devices integrating phase change materials deposited by PE-MOCVD as active material have presented electrical properties similar to the ones obtained for materials deposited by conventional physical vapor deposition (PVD) process
Herbin, Morgane. "Etude de l’influence de différents modes de synthèse sur la nature de la phase active de catalyseurs à base de molybdène : Caractérisation par couplage de spectroscopies XPS/LEIS/ToF-SIMS." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10069/document.
Full textThe coupling of surface analysis techniques (XPS, LEIS et ToF-SIMS) allowed to characterize the nature of the active phase on Mo-based catalysts according to different modes of synthesis. To imitate chemical means by impregnation mode, model catalysts we prepared by spin-coating. In addition, a new physical path, by magnetron sputtering, has been explored for the synthesis of catalysts. Correlations between spectroscopic data XPS and LEIS on model systems determine the recovery rate and the structure of the active phase : Mo low content monomeric and high content polymeric entities. Finally, the catalytic performances of the different catalytic systems for the controlled oxidation of methanol are discussed under spectroscopic characterizations. This work has been performed within INTERREG IV CATARR network (Materia Nova, Mons University and Lille1 University)
Mane, Mane. "Adsorption des hydrocarbures insaturés (éthylène et propylène) sur la surface Pt(111) nue et en présence de coadsorbats (alcalins, oxygène, alcalins oxydés) : étude par AES, TDS, UPS, XPS et NEXAFS." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10062.
Full textBeche, Eric. "Etude par spectrométries de photoémission (XPS) et d'électrons AUGER (AES) des environnements chimiques dans des films minces amorphes à base de silicium SiCx, SiNx, SiOx, SiCxNy, SiOxNy hydrogénés ou non." Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESA2057.
Full textThe aim of this work was the study by X. P. S. And A. E. S. Of C. V. D. Or P. V. D. Silicon based amorphous thin films : SiCx, SiNx , SiOx, SiCxNy, SiOxNy in some cases hydrogenated which were deposited on low temperatures substrates. The local orders around silicon or carbon atoms were investigated by the examination of Si KLL, Si LVV and C KVV line shapes and the decomposition of core level photoelectron peaks Si 2p and C 1s. The components extracted from the decomposition of the Si 2p peaks were attributed to various tetrahedral environments of silicon and their distribution were compared to the distributions calculated from two models describing the silicon amorphous phases : The Random Bonding Model (R. B. M. ) and the Random Mixture Model (R. M. M. ). For the SiCx:H films, we have shown that the chemical environments of Si and C change with the substrate temperature. For the SiNx:H and SiOxNy:H films, our results show that the microstructure can be described by the Random Bonding Model. We have shown that C-N bonds might be present in nitrogen rich SiCxNy:H films. In these films, X. P. S. Results (Si KLL line shapes) revealed the presence of various environments of silicon. For SiOxP. V. D. Deposits, our results show a significant difference between the distribution of the chemical environments of silicon deduced from Si 2p decomposition and those calculated from the Random Bonding Model (R. B. M. ). This work is a contribution for a global approach of the amorphous structure of silicon based compounds
Drault, Fabien. "Développement de catalyseurs à base de métaux de transition non nobles en remplacement du platine pour des réactions d'hydrogénation." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2292/document.
Full textThe use of noble metals in heterogeneous catalysis is limited by the scarcity of these metals, their cost and the supply difficulties due to the monopole of only two countries on the world market. The aim of this work consisted to study the association of platinum and cobalt in order to substitute partly Pt with Co while preserving the catalytic performances of the noble metal in hydrogenation. Various syntheses of 1%Pt- 5%Co supported bimetallic catalysts have been achieved and their performances have been compared with those of monometallic catalysts as well as (Pt + Co) mechanical mixtures for two hydrogenation’s reactions of industrial interest: the hydrogenation of acetonitrile and that of furfural. The physicochemical characterizations carried out (TEM, XPS …) and the model reactions (dehydrogenation of cyclohexane, hydrogenolysis of methylcyclopentane) studied have pointed out several results: - the presence of Pt increases the reducibility of Co for co-impregnated catalysts and mechanical mixtures leading to an enhancement of the catalytic performances in hydrogenation of acetonitrile or furfural; - the colloidal preparation favors the formation of PtCo alloy particles with a homogeneous composition, which are not very active for the reactions studied; - the redox route synthesis can accurately deposit Pt in contact with Co creating an improvement of the catalytic performances by a synergistic effect. Thus, in the hydrogenation of acetonitrile, the same activity was obtained by using a Pt-Co catalyst containing five times less noble metal’s content than the 1% Pt catalysts
Benrabah, Sabria. "Passivation des matériaux III-N de type GaN." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE1310.
Full textTo meet demands for the development of new products in the fields of power electronic convertors for electric cars, solar panels, wind turbines, and new LED-based lightening technologies or RF components, research has focused on direct wide bandgap materials, including Gallium Nitride (GaN). GaN has attracted significant interest due to its exceptional properties for next-generation power electronic devices. With a high saturation velocity and a high operating voltage, GaN-based devices can operate at high frequency and with excellent efficiency, making GaN a material of choice in power applications. However, the development of III-N materials is still immature, especially in terms of quality control of the various interfaces within the devices. The presence of high density of interfaces states can be the cause of device malfunctions. Therefore, understanding and controlling the surface of GaN is a challenge for possible future industrial integration. Today, there is no suitable and effective standard surface preparation of GaN. In order to investigate this problem, this PhD project was carried out in a collaboration between CEA-LETI (Grenoble), LTM (Grenoble) and CP2M laboratories (Catalysis, Polymerisation, Process and Materials, Lyon). The main objectives of this project are, first, to understand the surface chemistry following various surface preparations, and second, to set up the configuration of surface bonds. Therefore, this PhD project focused on the preparation and characterisation of the extreme surface of GaN after various chemical and physical treatments
Quennoy, Anne. "Comportement de semiconducteurs III-V (GaAs,Inp) en présence d'un hétéropolyanion à structure de Keggin (SiMo12O40)4- : étude en circuit ouvert et sous polarisation." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077158.
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