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Mason, Russell A. "Structural evolution of the Western Papuan Fold Belt, Papua New Guinea." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/37523.
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New Guinea forms the northern margin of the Australian Plate which is now characterised by a zone crustal deformation and accreted terranes. The present day configuration is the result of global tectonics in the southwestern Pacific since the Triassic. The Papuan Fold Belt is located within Papua New Guinea, the eastern half of New Guinea, and comprises deformed basement, platformal and basinal Mesozoic and Tertiary sediments. Deformation within the fold belt commenced possibly as early as Middle to Late Miocene and is currently continuing. The structure of the western part of the Papuan Fold Belt is characterised by thin skinned thrusting and basement involved structures, the latter attributed to inversion of extensional faults active in the Tertiary and the Mesozoic. Inversion is thought to have post-dated the initiation of thin skinned thrusting by approximately 5 Ma. Continued basement shortening may be due to the current high convergence rate between the Australian and Pacific Plates. The Alice Anticline formed due to inversion of a Tertiary extensional fault system. Three-dimensional restoration of the Alice Anticline makes use of a series of balanced cross-sections and is based on a line length method. Paradoxically, this restoration reveals non-plane strain in the balanced cross-sections upon which it relies. However, the restoration also reveals and quantifies a component of rotation about vertical axes which would not be obvious by application of conventional methods of structural analysis. Two transfer zones associated with the original extensional geometry acted as obstructions to deformation and have effectively pinned contractional structures during their formation causing the rotations about vertical axes. A general fracture system is developed in rocks in the Alice Anticline area. This typically comprises two sets of conjugate shear fractures and a third set, interpreted as extensional, which is sub-nonnal to the acute bisector of the two conjugate sets. Unfolding of bedding using the three-dimensional restoration results in a symmetrical geometric relationship between the general fracture system and folds. The mechanical interpretation of fractures, their geometric relationships and the timing constraints on their formation are consistent with folding. The structure of the Ok Tedi mine area is complicated by the presence of approximately syn-tectonic intrusive bodies. The development of the Parrots Beak and Taranaki Thrusts as floor and roof thrusts respectively constitutes shortening estimates in the mine area which are consistent with those determined regionally. Striation analysis of rnesoscale faults from country rocks in the mine area reveals a reduced stress tensor compatible with the regional shortening direction. Reduced stress tensors determined for the Fubilan Monzonite Porphyry are related to emplacement processes and would be consistent with development of radial and concentric fracture sets.
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Ingram, Andrew. "Anamuxra : a language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9823.
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Ma, KeYang. "Hydrocarbon source and depositional environments in the central Papual Basin, Papua New Guinea /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18901.pdf.
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Tida, Syuntaro. "A grammar of the Dom language : a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/143786.
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Reesink, Ger P. "Structures and their functions in Usan, a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea /." Amsterdam ; Philadelphia : J. Benjamins, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34939623k.
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Crockett, John Steven. "Unraveling the 3-D character of clinoforms: Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11066.
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Neilson, David John. "Christianity in Irian (West Papua)." University of Sydney, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1560.
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Egloff, Brian. "Recent prehistory in Southeast Papua /." Canberra : Department of prehistory, Research school of Pacific studies, Australian national university, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374208161.
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Texte remanié de: Th. Ph. D.--Department of anthropology and sociology, Research school of Pacific studies--Canberra--Australian national university, 1971. Titre de soutenance : Collingwood Bay and the Trobriand Islands in recent prehistory : settlement and interaction in coastal and island Papua.Bibliogr. p. 153-164.
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Morgan, Glenn Douglas School of Biological Earth & Environmental Science UNSW. "Sequence stratigraphy and structure of the tertiary limestones in the Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22913.
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A sequence stratigraphic study was conducted on the Mendi and Darai Limestone Megasequences in the foreland area of the Papuan Basin in Papuan New Guinea. It involved the integrated use of seismic, wireline log, well core and cuttings, strontium isotope age and biostratigraphic data. This study enhanced the understanding of the structure, stratigraphy and depositional architecture of the limestones, and the morphology of the basin at the time of deposition. The results of the study were integrated with published geological and tectonic models for the Papuan Basin to develop a consistent and coherent model for the depositional history of the limestones. Eleven third-order sequences were delineated within the Mendi and Darai Limestone Megasequences. Eight depositional facies were interpreted across these sequences, namely deep-shelf, shallow-shelf, backreef, reef, shoal, forereef, basin margin and submarine fan facies. Each facies was differentiated according to seismic character and geometry, well core and cuttings descriptions, and its position in the depositional framework of the sequence. Deposition of the Mendi Limestone Megasequence commenced in the Eocene in response to thermal subsidence and eustatic sea-level rise. Sedimentation comprised open-marine, shallow-water, shelfal carbonates. During the middle of the Oligocene, the carbonate shelf was exposed and eroded in response to the collision of the Australian and Pacific Plates, or a major global eustatic sea-level fall. Sedimentation recommenced in the Late Oligocene, however, in response to renewed extensional faulting and subsidence associated with back-arc extension. This marked the onset of deposition of the Darai Limestone Megasequence in the study area. The KFZ, OFZ and Darai Fault were reactivated during this time, resulting in the oblique opening of the Omati Trough. Sedimentation was initially restricted to the Omati Trough and comprised deep and shallow-marine shelfal carbonates. By the Early Miocene, however, movement on the faults had ceased and an extensive carbonate platform had developed across the Gulf of Papua. Carbonate reef growth commenced along topographic highs associated with the KFZ, and led to the establishment of a rimmed carbonate shelf margin. Shallow to locally deeper-marine, shelfal carbonates were deposited on this shelf, and forereef, submarine fan and basin margin carbonates were deposited basinward of the shelf margin. The Uramu High and parts of the Pasca High became submerged during this time and provided sites for pinnacle reef development. During the middle of the Early Miocene, a major global eustatic sea-level fall or flexure of the Papuan Basin associated with Early Miocene ophiolite obduction subaerially exposed the carbonate shelf. This resulted in submarine erosion of the forereef and basin margin sediments. Towards the end of the Early Miocene, however, sedimentation recommenced. Shallow-marine, undifferentiated wackestones and packstones were deposited on the shelf; forereef, submarine fan and basin margin sediments were deposited basinward of the shelf margin; and reef growth recommenced along the shelf margin and on the Pasca and Uramu Highs. By the end of the Early Miocene, however, the pinnacle reef on the Pasca High had drowned. During the middle of the Middle Miocene, subtle inversion associated with ophiolite obduction subaerially exposed the carbonate shelf, and resulted in submarine erosion of the forereef and basin margin sediments. Sedimentation recommenced towards the end of the Middle Miocene, however, in response to eustatic sea-level rise and flexure of the crust associated with foreland basin development. Shallow marine, undifferentiated wackestones, packstones and grainstones were deposited on the shelf; carbonate shoals were deposited along the shelf margin; and forereef, submarine fan and basin margin carbonates were deposited basinward of the shelf margin. Carbonate production rapidly outpaced accommodation space on the shelf during this time, resulting in highstand shedding and the development of a large prograding submarine fan complex basinward of the shelf margin. By the Late Miocene, carbonate deposition had ceased across the majority of the study area in response to a major global eustatic sea-level fall or inversion associated with terrain accreation events along the northern Papuan margin. Minor carbonate deposition continued on parts of the Uramu High, however, until the middle of the Late Miocene. During the latest Miocene, clastic sediments prograded across the carbonate shelf, infilling parts of the foreland basin. Plio-Pleistocene compression resulted in inversion and erosion of the sedimentary package in the northwestern part of the study area. In the southeastern part of the Papuan Basin, however, clastic sedimentation continued to the present day.
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Río, Murtagh José Agustín del. "Detección e identificación de paramixovirus aviares en pingüino papúa (Pygoscelis papua) del territorio Antártico chileno." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/144015.
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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario.
Tesis para optar al Grado de Magíster en Ciencias Animales y Veterinarias mención Patología Animal.La Antártida siempre ha fascinado a la comunidad científica, debido a que representa a uno de los últimos lugares vírgenes de nuestro planeta. Sus ecosistemas se encuentran aislados geográfica y climáticamente del resto de los continentes, sin embargo, su fauna no se halla exenta de enfermedades y agentes infecciosos. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en aislar e identificar paramixovirus aviares (APMV) en ejemplares de pingüinos de papúa (Pygoscelis papua), provenientes del territorio Antártico. El estudio se efectuó en la Península Antártica Chilena, durante los años 2014 - 2015 y consideró la recolección de 345 muestras cloacales/ambientales desde colonias reproductivas localizadas en Isla Kopaitic (63°19' S, 57°55'W), Base Presidente Gabriel González Videla (64°49′S, 62°51′W), Dorian Bay (64°49’S, 63°30’W), Base Brown (64°53′S, 62°52′W) y Pleneau Island (65˚06'S, 64˚04'W). El análisis y procesamiento de muestras se desarrolló en el Laboratorio de Virología Animal de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile. La metodología incluyó aislamiento viral, pruebas de hemoaglutinación, RT-PCR para la detección de miembros de la familia Paramyxoviridae y análisis filogenéticos de los resultados obtenidos. De la totalidad de muestras, 13 evidenciaron reacción hemoaglutinante, de estas, cinco resultaron positivas al RT-PCR de APMV y cuatro lograron ser secuenciadas para el análisis filogenético. La filogenia agrupa a los virus aislados dentro de los paramixovirus aviares, cercanamente emparentado con APMV-12 y APMV-13, pero sugiere la segregación en dos nuevas especies virales. Se logró aislar e identificar paramixovirus aviares en colonias de pingüino papúa del territorio antártico, con evidencia que sugiere la existencia de nuevas especies de estos agentes virales. Esto constituye el primer hallazgo de este grupo de agentes virales en Pygoscelis papua y refuerzan la necesidad de continuar desarrollando estudios en la avifauna antártica.
The scientific community has always been fascinated by the pristine nature of the antarctic continent. The South Pole ecosystems are geographically and climatically isolated from other continents, however, the fauna that lives in this place, is not free of diseases and infectious agents. The objective of this investigation was to isolate and to identify avian paramyxoviruses in Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) from the Antarctic territory. The sample collection of this study was performed in the Chilean Antarctic during 2014 – 2015, 345 cloacal / environmental samples were collected from reproductive colonies at isla Kopaitic (63 ° 19 'S, 57 ° 55'W), Base President Gabriel Gonzalez Videla (64 ° 49'S, 62 ° 51'W), Dorian Bay (64 ° 49'S, 63 ° 30'W), Brown Base (64 ° 53'S, 62 ° 52'W) and Pleneau Island (65˚06'S, 64˚04'W). The analysis and processing of samples was done in the Animal Virology Lab, College of Veterinary and Livestock Sciences, University of Chile. Viral isolation, haemagglutination tests, RT-PCR for the Paramyxoviridae detection and phylogenetic analyzes were conducted. Thirteen samples were isolated in embryonated chicken eggs, five of these samples were positive to RT-PCR. Three out five were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Phylogeny clasiffies viruses isolated as avian paramyxoviruses (APMV), closely related to APMV-12 and APMV-13, but not identical, which suggest that this new isolates could be new viral species. It was possible to isolate and to identify avian paramyxoviruses in Antarctic penguin colonies. Evidence suggests that a new species of these viral agents was discovered. These results constitute the first record of isolation of APMV in P. papua and reinforce the need to continue studies in the Antarctic avifauna.
Financiamiento: Proyecto INACH 12-13, y Proyectos de la Dirección de Investigación No. 121017019102080, No. 121017019102100 y No. 121017019102121.
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Kjar, Renée Giay Benny. "The invisible aristocrat Benny Giay in Papuan history /." [Sydney, Australia] : Australiann National University, Discipline of Asian Studies, 2002. http://www.papuaweb.org/dlib/s123/kjar/%5Fba.pdf.
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Thesis (B.A.)--Discipline of Asian Studies, Australian National University, 2002.Title from thesis home page (viewed Dec. 6, 2004). Title from start screen (viewed Aug. 19, 2004). "December 2002."
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de, Sousa Hilário. "The Menggwa Dla language of New Guinea." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1341.
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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)Menggwa Dla is a Papuan language spoken in Sandaun Province of Papua New Guinea and Kabupaten Jayapura of Papua Province, Indonesia. Menggwa Dla is a dialect of the Dla language; together with its sister language Anggor (e.g. Litteral 1980), the two languages form the Senagi language family, one of the small Papuan language families found in North-Central New Guinea. The main text of this thesis is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the linguistic, cultural and political landscapes of the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea border area where the Dla territory is located. Chapter 2 introduces the phonology of Menggwa Dla; described in this chapter are the phonemes, allophonic variations, phonotactics, morpho-phonological processes, stress assignment and intonation of the language. The inventory of phonemes in Menggwa is average for a Papuan language (15 consonants and 5 vowels). The vast majority of syllables come in the shape of V, CV or C1C2V where C2 can be /n/ /r/ /l/ /j/ or /w/. In C1C2V syllables, the sonority rises from C1 to V (§2.2.2). Nevertheless, there are a few words with word-medial consonant sequences like ft /ɸt/, lk /lk/, lf /lɸ/ or lk /lk/ where the sonority drops from the first to the second consonant; the first consonant in these sequences is analysed as the coda of the previous syllable (§2.2.3). Chapter 3 is an overview of the word classes in Menggwa Dla; the morphological, syntactic and semantic properties of the three major word classes (nouns, adjectives and verbs) and the minor word classes are compared in this chapter. Chapter 4 describes the properties of nouns and noun phrases; the person-number-gender categories, noun-phrasal syntax, nominal clitics and personal pronouns are outlined in this chapter. Menggwa Dla has a rich array of case, topic and focus markers which comes in the form of clitics (§4.5). Subject pronouns (‘citation pronouns’) only mark person (i.e. one for each of the three persons), whereas object and genitive pronouns mark person (including inclusive/exclusive first person), number, and sometimes also gender features (§4.6). Chapter 5 introduces various morphological and syntactic issues which are common to both independent and dependent clauses: verb stems, verb classes, cross-referencing, intraclausal syntax, syntactic transitivity and semantic valence. Cross-referencing in Menggwa Dla is complex: there are seven paradigms of subject cross-reference suffixes and four paradigms of object cross-references. Based on their cross-referencing patterns, verbs are classified into one of five verb classes (§5.2). There is often a mismatch between the number of cross-reference suffixes, the semantic valence, and the syntactic transitivity within a clause. There are verbs where the subject cross-reference suffix, or the object suffix, or both the subject and object suffixes are semantically empty (‘dummy cross-reference suffixes’; §5.3.2). Chapter 6 outlines the morphology of independent verbs and copulas. Verbal morphology differs greatly between the three statuses of realis, semi-realis and irrealis; a section is devoted to the morphology for each of the three statuses. Chapter 7 introduces the dependent clauses and verbal noun phrases. Different types of dependent verbs are deverbalised to various degrees: subordinate verbs are the least deverbalised, chain verbs are more deverbalised (but they mark switch-reference (SR), and sometimes also interclausal temporal relations), and non-finite chain verbs even more deverbalised. Further deverbalised than the non-finite chain verbs are the verbal nouns; verbal noun phrases in Menggwa Dla functions somewhat like complement clauses in English. In younger speakers speech, the function of the chain clause SR system has diverted from the canonical SR system used by older speakers (§7.2.2). For younger speakers, coreferential chain verb forms and disjoint-reference chain verb forms only have their coreferential and disjoint-referential meaning — respectively — when the person-number-gender features of the two subject cross-reference suffixes cannot resolve the referentiality of the two subjects. Otherwise, the coreferential chain verb forms have become the unmarked SR-neutral chain verb forms. At the end of this thesis are appendix 1, which contains four Menggwa Dla example texts, and appendix 2, which contains tables of cross-reference suffixes, pronouns, copulas and irregular verbs.
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de, Sousa Hilário. "The Menggwa Dla language of New Guinea." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1341.
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Menggwa Dla is a Papuan language spoken in Sandaun Province of Papua New Guinea and Kabupaten Jayapura of Papua Province, Indonesia. Menggwa Dla is a dialect of the Dla language; together with its sister language Anggor (e.g. Litteral 1980), the two languages form the Senagi language family, one of the small Papuan language families found in North-Central New Guinea. The main text of this thesis is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the linguistic, cultural and political landscapes of the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea border area where the Dla territory is located. Chapter 2 introduces the phonology of Menggwa Dla; described in this chapter are the phonemes, allophonic variations, phonotactics, morpho-phonological processes, stress assignment and intonation of the language. The inventory of phonemes in Menggwa is average for a Papuan language (15 consonants and 5 vowels). The vast majority of syllables come in the shape of V, CV or C1C2V where C2 can be /n/ /r/ /l/ /j/ or /w/. In C1C2V syllables, the sonority rises from C1 to V (§2.2.2). Nevertheless, there are a few words with word-medial consonant sequences like ft /ɸt/, lk /lk/, lf /lɸ/ or lk /lk/ where the sonority drops from the first to the second consonant; the first consonant in these sequences is analysed as the coda of the previous syllable (§2.2.3). Chapter 3 is an overview of the word classes in Menggwa Dla; the morphological, syntactic and semantic properties of the three major word classes (nouns, adjectives and verbs) and the minor word classes are compared in this chapter. Chapter 4 describes the properties of nouns and noun phrases; the person-number-gender categories, noun-phrasal syntax, nominal clitics and personal pronouns are outlined in this chapter. Menggwa Dla has a rich array of case, topic and focus markers which comes in the form of clitics (§4.5). Subject pronouns (‘citation pronouns’) only mark person (i.e. one for each of the three persons), whereas object and genitive pronouns mark person (including inclusive/exclusive first person), number, and sometimes also gender features (§4.6). Chapter 5 introduces various morphological and syntactic issues which are common to both independent and dependent clauses: verb stems, verb classes, cross-referencing, intraclausal syntax, syntactic transitivity and semantic valence. Cross-referencing in Menggwa Dla is complex: there are seven paradigms of subject cross-reference suffixes and four paradigms of object cross-references. Based on their cross-referencing patterns, verbs are classified into one of five verb classes (§5.2). There is often a mismatch between the number of cross-reference suffixes, the semantic valence, and the syntactic transitivity within a clause. There are verbs where the subject cross-reference suffix, or the object suffix, or both the subject and object suffixes are semantically empty (‘dummy cross-reference suffixes’; §5.3.2). Chapter 6 outlines the morphology of independent verbs and copulas. Verbal morphology differs greatly between the three statuses of realis, semi-realis and irrealis; a section is devoted to the morphology for each of the three statuses. Chapter 7 introduces the dependent clauses and verbal noun phrases. Different types of dependent verbs are deverbalised to various degrees: subordinate verbs are the least deverbalised, chain verbs are more deverbalised (but they mark switch-reference (SR), and sometimes also interclausal temporal relations), and non-finite chain verbs even more deverbalised. Further deverbalised than the non-finite chain verbs are the verbal nouns; verbal noun phrases in Menggwa Dla functions somewhat like complement clauses in English. In younger speakers speech, the function of the chain clause SR system has diverted from the canonical SR system used by older speakers (§7.2.2). For younger speakers, coreferential chain verb forms and disjoint-reference chain verb forms only have their coreferential and disjoint-referential meaning — respectively — when the person-number-gender features of the two subject cross-reference suffixes cannot resolve the referentiality of the two subjects. Otherwise, the coreferential chain verb forms have become the unmarked SR-neutral chain verb forms. At the end of this thesis are appendix 1, which contains four Menggwa Dla example texts, and appendix 2, which contains tables of cross-reference suffixes, pronouns, copulas and irregular verbs.
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Koloa, Mura, and n/a. "National development planning in Papua New Guinea." University of Canberra. Management, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060815.124347.
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Lomas, G. C. J. (Gabriel Charles Jacques). "The Huli language of Papua New Guinea." Australia : Macquarie University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/22313.
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Thesis (PhD) -- Macquarie University, School of English and Linguistics, 1989.Bibliography: leaves 385-393.
Introduction -- Traditional Huli society -- Segmental phonology -- Prosodies -- Verbs -- Adverbials -- NominaIs -- Word complexes -- Group complexes -- Semantic patterns -- Linguistic and social change -- Texts.
This thesis describes the language of the Huli speech community of the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. The first chapter situates the speech community in its historical setting, and refers to previous, mainly non-linguistic, studies. The second chapter situates the commuity in its geographical and 'traditional' setting, recording putative migrations and dialectal variations. The third chapter describes segmental phonology at a level of detail not previously given in accounts of the language, while the fourth chapter presents a tentative exploration of prosodic features. The fifth chapter describes verbs, the sixth adverbials, and the seventh nominals: in each instance there is an emphasis on morphology and morphophonemic processes hitherto unrecorded for Huli. The eighth chapter describes word complexes, and the ninth group complexes, using a systemic-functional approach that establishes a descriptive framework that indicates useful insights into the pragmatics of the language. Chapter ten selects and explores, in varying degrees, semantic features that are typologically interesting, while chapter eleven re-focusses the thesis on sociolinguistic issues. The twelveth chapter presents a dozen texts, which it interprets and comments on in the light of linguistic and sociological descriptions presented previously. The appendices that follow give the data bases for some of the descriptions given in the thesis body. The body of the thesis is concerned with describing the language as it is being created and used by living, real, people. Hence, the language forms at each level are described and interpreted in relation to their functions in creating meaning. This has necessitated presenting in some detail phonological and morphological data that need to be described if the language is to be seen as the growing, changing expression of the living society that uses and creates it.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
xviii, 452 leaves, ill
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Bensemann, Paul Morel. "Restraints on reporting conflict in West Papua." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Media and Communication, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9123.
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This is as much an experiment in investigative reporting as it is a thesis. It explores the possibility of carrying out “research journalism” on a specific issue in a New Zealand academic environment, after a failure to complete the mission within newsrooms.
The thesis debates theoretical and practical “restraints” to reporting this conflict and New Zealand’s role in it. Such restraints might include the degree of conservatism and intractability in Western traditions and practices of both the mainstream media, and of the other potential “commentating power”, universities.
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Barnish, G. "Studies on Strongloides in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383456.
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Lomas, G. C. J. "The Huli language of Papua New Guinea." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/22313.
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Campbell, Marcus John. "Religion and Resistance in West Papua: The Role of Christianity in the Struggle for Peace with Justice." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17334.
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Faith has been a central feature of West Papuan resistance to Indonesian colonialism. Missionised in the late nineteenth century, the indigenous peoples of West Papua are now overwhelmingly Christian and their faith is a key marker of their identity and social practices. While most churches take a neutral stance on the controversial issue of political independence, they have taken up roles in human rights monitoring, peacebuilding, international lobbying and many other initiatives for justice. Churches in West Papua are complex and powerful institutions prone to careful engagement; but within them, passionate activists regularly frame their actions in religious terms, deploying the symbols and practices of their faith to achieve their goals. Despite all this, there have been few dedicated studies into how religion affects issues peace and conflict in West Papua, causing conflicted views on it. The differences between Christian institutions and the various ways people interpret Christian meanings has often caused misunderstandings about the role of Christianity in social movements. Faith-based justice movements and religious actors in West Papua have been resistant to being understood by the dominant theories of the sociology of religion. By focusing on the ways religion constrains social action, much of the literature on resistance in West Papua has ignored some of the primary causes for the engagement or disengagement of religious agents in social action - removing possibilities for intervention or reform. Though marginalised in the literature, Christianity remains a pervasive marker of identity in West Papua and a principal driver of social action. This study presents an introduction to the history of religion in West Papua to demonstrate the extent to which religious knowledge has fuelled initiatives for resistance, peacebuilding and justice. Religious understandings of peace and justice preceded colonialism, were altered by the arrival of Christianity, and continue today in forms that are both constraining social action as well as inspiring it. If considerations of religious truth are the primary source of moral reasoning for West Papuans, it follows that the type of religious knowledge being taught should be a central concern. It is argued here that the interrelated issues of theology and education are critically overlooked in discourses of peace and conflict in West Papua, and with more attention and resources, the divide between powerful institutional structures and inspiring religious agents might not be so wide.
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Cameron, Milo Louis. "Rifting and subduction in the papuan peninsula, papua new guinea| The significance of the trobriand tough, the nubara strike-slip fault, and the woodlark rift to the present configuration of papua new guinea." Thesis, The University of Alabama, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3620068.
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The calculated extension (~111 km) across the Woodlark rift is incompatible with the > 130 km needed to exhume the Metamorphic Core Complexes on shallow angle faults (< 30°) using N-S extension in the Woodlark Basin. High resolution bathymetry, seismicity, and seismic reflection data indicate that the Nubara Fault continues west of the Trobriand Trough, intersects the Woodlark spreading center, and forms the northern boundary of the Woodlark plate and the southern boundary of the Trobriand plate. The newly defined Trobriand plate, to the north of this boundary, has moved SW-NE along the right lateral Nubara Fault, creating SW-NE extension in the region bounded by the MCC's of the D'Entrecasteaux Islands and Moresby Seamount. Gravity and bathymetry data extracted along four transect lines were used to model the gravity and flexure across the Nubara Fault boundary. Differences exist in the elastic thickness between the northern and southern parts of the lines at the Metamorphic Core Complexes of Goodenough Island (Te_south = 5.7 x 103 m; Te_north = 6.1 x 103 m) and Fergusson Island (Te_south = 1.2 x 103 m; Te_north = 5.5 x 103 m). Differences in the elastic strength of the lithosphere also exist at Moresby Seamount (Te_south = 4.2 x 103 m; Te_north = 4.7 x 103 m) and Egum Atoll (Te_south =7.5 x 103 m; Te_north = 1.3 x 104 m). The differences between the northern and southern parts of each transect line imply an east-west boundary that is interpreted to be the Nubara Fault. The opening of the Woodlark Basin resulted in the rotation of the Papuan Peninsula and the Woodlark Rise, strike slip motion between the Solomon Sea and the Woodlark Basin at the Nubara Fault, and the formation of the PAC-SOL-WLK; SOL-WLK-TRB triple junctions. The intersection of the Woodlark Spreading Center with the Nubara Fault added the AUS-WLK-TRB triple junction and established the Nubara Fault as the northern boundary of the Woodlark plate.
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Nordhagen, Stella. "Cultivating change : crop choices and climate in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709283.
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O'Hare, Martin. "The Indonesian military in Irian Jaya." Thesis, [Canberra : Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National Univerity], 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144273.
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Wittwer, Glyn. "Price stabilisation of coffee in Papua New Guinea /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EC/09ecw832.pdf.
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Bun, Krufinta. "MONITORING WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI ELIMINATION IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1560346194908835.
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Kadarusman. "Rainbowfishes from west Papua (Melanotaeniidae) : evolution and systematics." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU30079.
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Située au Nord de l'Australie, la Nouvelle Guinée se caractérise par des reliefs montagneux très développés et demeure l'une des dernières régions inexplorées de la planète. Des processus complexes de géodynamique couplés a son isolement géographique ont contribué à la mise en place d'un panel complexe d'écosystèmes et à l'évolution d'une biodiversité exceptionnelle. Cette particularité vaut également pour la diversité de sa faune ichtyologique. Les poissons arc-en-ciel (Melanotaeniidae) constituent avec les Eleotridae et les Gobiidae, les 3 familles de poissons les plus diversifiées des eaux douces de Nouvelle Guinée et même d'Australie. La taxonomie des poissons arc-en-ciel est ancienne et a connu un regain d'intérêt durant ces dernières décennies avec la description d'une cinquantaine d'espèces nouvelles. Malgré un nombre important d'espèces décrites, la taxonomie des Melanotaeniidae demeure encore confuse avec des diagnoses incomplètes basées sur des comptages ou des caractères morphologiques. Les rares données moléculaires et phylogénétiques disponibles pour quelques espèces de Melanotaeniidae sont également incomplètes et ne permettent pas de valider les hypothèses taxonomique ou évolutive proposées par plusieurs auteurs. Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse apportent une contribution significative dans la compréhension des processus de diversification des poissons arc-en-ciel de Papouasie Occidentale et plus largement des régions adjacentes comprenant le reste de la Nouvelle Guinée et le nord de l'Australie. Ils proposent également une révision taxonomique complète des espèces peuplant la Papouasie Occidentale avec 28 espèces valides et incluant 15 espèces nouvellesNew Guinea Island is an immense, rugged landscape and remains one of the last unexplored places. This is particularly true for its ichthyological fauna. With freshwater Gudgeon and Gobiids, the Austro-New Guinean rainbowfishes are the most diverse groups with important endemism. Rainbowfish taxonomy is ancient and recently attracted much attention for various domains interest. Despite a large number of species already described, their taxonomy remains incomplete and somewhat confused. Data on their phylogenetic relatedness or biogeographical history are scarce. The results presented here give a contribution to diversification processes of Rainbowfishes from West Papua and adjacent biogeographic region and provide a complete taxonomic revision of the Western New Guinean species. A total of 716 specimens belonging to 3 genera have been studied in morphology and molecular relatedness. Molecular phylogenies were inferred from 3 mitochondrial regions (Cox-1, Cyt-b, D-loop) and 1 nuclear intron (S7). The dataset includes more than 5,000 base pairs with a portion of DNA Barcodes. The choice of both mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers was driven by the multiple objectives to resolve deeper and shallow radiations and to evidence possible hybridization events. The phylogenies revealed an unexpected cryptic diversity within the genus Melanotaenia and strongly supported the polyphyly of the genera Glossolepis and Chilatherina. The results also revealed a strong congruence between phylogenetic relatedness, clade composition and geography and confirmed that the center of origin of Melanotaenia sensu lato was dated to the Mid-Miocene in the Bird's Head Peninsula. The eological context of the area revealed that the formation of the Lengguru fold-and-thrust Belt together with the ridge of the Central Dividing Range were the main events responsible of the basal diversification processes within this group of obligate freshwater fishes
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Courtens, Ien. "Restoring the balance : performing healing in West Papua /." Nijmegen : I. Courtens, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40047479c.
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Castañeda, Luengo Francisco Antonio. "Detección de Salmonella enterica en pingüinos papúa (Pygoscelis papua) del territorio antártico chileno y determinación de resistencia a antibióticos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/132092.
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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico VeterinarioDurante la última década la presencia humana en la Antártica se ha incrementado en forma progresiva, debido al desarrollo de la industria del turismo y a la gran cantidad de asentamientos humanos que existen en la actualidad. Este fenómeno, coincide con las altas tasas de infección registradas en los últimos años y con los recientes aislamientos de microbios que infectan humanos, presentes en animales silvestres que habitan en la Antártica y zonas sub-antárticas, algunos de los cuales, han mostrado resistencia a antibióticos. Esto ha llevado a varios investigadores a pensar que el efecto antropogénico podría estar influyendo sobre estos territorios. En esta investigación se intentó detectar la presencia de cepas de Salmonella enterica resistente a antibióticos en pingüinos Papúa (Pygoscelis papua) que habitan la Antártica Chilena. Para esto, se tomaron 200 muestras fecales de cuatro zonas de la Península Antártica con diferente grado de exposición a la presencia humana. De estas muestras, se aislaron cuatro cepas de S. enterica, todas ellas provenientes de las muestras tomadas en la base General Bernardo O’Higgins. Las cuatro cepas fueron resistentes al menos a tres agentes antimicrobianos, siendo una de ellas multirresistente, mostrando resistencia contra β-lactámicos, fluoroquinolonas y contra la asociación de Sulfametoxazol más Trimetoprim. Los resultados de esta investigación sugieren que los asentamientos humanos estarían afectando negativamente el medioambiente antártico, alterando la flora intestinal de la vida silvestre con la presencia de patógenos zoonóticos resistentes a antibióticos
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Krull, Stefan Magnus Eugen. "Studies on the Mango ecosystem in Papua New Guinea with special reference to the ecology of Deanolis sublimbalis Snellen (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) and to the biological control of Ceroplastes rubens Maskell (Homoptera, Coccidae)." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970913443.
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Ariantiningsih, Fransisca. "Wildlife utilisation by local people in Papua : a case study from Bupul Nature Reserve and Danau Bian Game Reserve, Papua, Indonesia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18865.pdf.
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Stewart, Lynn Leslie. "Our people are like gardens" : music, performance and aesthetics among the Lolo, West New Britain Province, Papua, New Guinea." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30917.
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Relationships among the Aesthetic, culture, and music are problematic- Frequently considered as epiphenomenal to culture, music and the arts are typically seen as adjuncts to ceremonial activity- This dissertation examines the nature of the Aesthetic, music and performance in the context of the Lolo, Araigilpua Village, West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea, in an attempt to develop a definition of the Aesthetic applicable for cross-cultural research and to discover the ways in which the Aesthetic and culture articulate.
For the purposes of this dissertation, the Aesthetic is defined as that facet of religion focused on responses to extraordinary powers thought to maintain what are considered to be proper relationships between human members of a community and extraordinary powers. Three forms of aesthetics, social, performance, and musical, are taken as the means and methods of directing interactions between man and extraordinary powers.
At present, the Lolo are engaged in a process of secularisation resulting primarily from the introduction of Christianity, Western medicine and money. This dissertation examines the relationship between the Aesthetic and social life, and addresses the impact of changes to the Aesthetic.Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
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Kenema, Simon. "Bougainville revisited : understanding the crisis and U-Vistract through an ethnography of everyday life in Nagovisi." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10289.
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This thesis offers an ethnographic study of everyday life in Nagovisi of Southwest Bougainville. The study focuses on aspects of how the Nagovisi construe social relations with a specific focus on vernacular categories and ideologies. The thesis deals with ideas about land, perceptions about the fluid nature of Nagovisi sociality, movement, and U-Vistract. The study is primarily based on thirteen months of field research I conducted in the Nagovisi between September 2011 and November of 2012. Through the exploration of the various thematic issues in the individual chapters the thesis offers a comparative scope for a tangential re-evaluation of the mine related crisis on the island. The focus on Noah Musinku and the Kingdom of Papala further illustrates this comparative scope by drawing an analogy between Panguna and U-Vistract and the complex entanglements and interrelationships between ideas relating to land, history, myth, relatedness, social unpredictability, and notions about wealth. It deals with the question of how persons, land and knowledge are mutually constitutive, and how each can affect the other as a result of history, and movement in time and space. By focusing on Nagovisi notions of the unpredictability of talk, knowledge, and the implication this bears on the nature of how people relate to each other and different places the thesis deals with what has long been proven a recalcitrant problem in PNG anthropological literature in which local life worlds are characterised by a fluidity of social forms.
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Borrey, Anou. "Understanding sexual violence : the case of Papua New Guinea." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8078.
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Oppermann, Thiago Cintra. "Tsuhana : processes of disorder and order in Halia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8943.
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Seib, Roland. "Staatsreform und Verwaltungsmodernisierung in Entwicklungsländern der Fall Papua-Neuguinea im Südpazifik." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2008. http://d-nb.info/994388918/04.
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Usman, Asnani. "Border tensions in the Indonesia/Papua New Guinea relationship." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/111183.
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The relationship between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea has been significantly
affected by problems associated with the border between them. This has not been a
dispute about the boundary itself. There is a line on the map which the two countries
have agreed to accept Rather, the border problem which has arisen between the two
countries concerns an independence movement called the ‘Organisasi Papua Merdeka’
(Free Papua Movement - OPM) which since 1963 has been active against Indonesia and
has repeatedly crossed the border to seek refuge in neighbouring Papua New Guinea;
incursions in Papua New Guinea by the Indonesian military in pursuit of the OPM; and
thousands of Irian Jayan refugees who have crossed the border to seek sanctuary in
Papua New Guinea. Since Papua New Guinea’s independence in 1975 the border problem has intensified,
especially in 1984 when an uprising in Jayapura resulted in an influx of 12,(XX) refugees
into Papua New Guinea territory. This heightened security concerns in the two
countries. For Jakarta, the refugees could become bases for the OPM to threaten
Indonesia’s security; for Papua New Guinea on the other hand, there were concerns
about possible Indonesian border incursions in an attempt to destroy the OPM.
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Nihill, Michael. "Roads of presence : social relatedness and exchange in Anganen social structure /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn691.pdf.
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Harper, Jodi Leigh. "Rascals, resistance, and ethnographic reticence in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq30795.pdf.
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Carneiro, Iiona Anne-Marie. "Non-severe malarial disease in Madang, Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360153.
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Whittaker, Keith Duncan. "Micro and mini hydro-power in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14664.
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Gardner, Susan Jane. "For love and money: Beatrice Grimshaw's Passage to Papua." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004509.
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Flannery, Wendy. "Contextual theology in Papua New Guinea a mythic paradigm /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
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Jacka, Jerry K. "God, gold, and the ground : place-based political ecology in a New Guinea borderlands /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3095254.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 367-396). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Ondawame, Otto. ""One people, one soul" : West Papuan nationalism and the Organisasi Papua Merdeka (OPM)/Free Papua Movement." Phd thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110281.
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Indonesian colonisation of West Papua and the lack of a democratic
tradition have been the main root causes of the current political problems in
this area, triggering the emergence of an increasingly strong Papuan
nationalism that finds its expression in a resistance movement, led by the
OPM, seeking self-determination and independence. These problems have
continued over many years, having serious social, political, economic, and
environmental effects for West Papua but, despite the widespread local
resistance, the OPM has so far been unable to end the colonial domination
and practices.
This study analyses the impact of Indonesian colonisation on the
people of West Papua and their reactions to it. It investigates how different
views about the political status of West Papua are also reflected in views
about the future of the Papuans. In doing so, it draws heavily on the often
neglected perspectives of the West Papuan people. The main purpose is to
affirm that, as the Indonesian colonisation policies have been the main root
cause of the conflict, any approaches to ending the conflict must encompass
a political solution and not merely temporary economic and social
measures.
The West Papuan conflict is analysed in the light of current theories
relating to colonialism and to a range of approaches to conflict resolution.
After reflecting on the history of the national liberation struggle, focusing
on the strengths and weaknesses of the conflicting parties, and on the
balance of power and the role of international support, it is concluded that
military victory by either side can only be a utopian dream. As the level of conflict can increase and intensify in the future, a new alternative approach is needed to start the peace process.
The empirical findings of this study show the extent to which
colonisation has produced the bitter political conflict which threatens
regional stability and security. The study also reaffirms that since national
sentiments continue to strengthen, any end to the conflict is unlikely in the
near future. Despite the relative strength of the Indonesian military forces
and the lack of significant international support for the OPM, the struggle
will continue in the future. By examining in detail the leadership,
organisational structures and general programs of the OPM, it is concluded
that the movement is seriously weakened by its factionalised organisation.
The responses of the Indonesian government to the conflict by presenting
social and military reform packages are also doomed to failure. The study
concludes with a summary of the main findings in relation to the
determined demands of West Papuans for independence and explores some
possible strategies for achieving this in the future. To gain a clearer picture of the relationship between the local effects of
colonisation and ethnic nationalism in relation to wider Papuan
nationalism and how those concepts have influenced the current situation
in West Papua and the more local reactions, a detailed case study of the
Amungme-Kamoro people in relation to Freeport and the colonial
government in Mimika regency has been presented. Despite there is a clear
relationship, yet the level of success has been more evident at the local level than nationally, for obvious reasons.
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Darroch, George P. "Portraying Papua : activist representations of Indonesian Papua, 1969-2009." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151366.
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Bradshaw, Robert L. "A grammar of Doromu-Koki: a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea." Thesis, 2022. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/75450/7/JCU_75450_Bradshaw_2022_thesis.pdf.
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Robert Bradshaw conducted research on the Doromu-Koki language of Papua New Guinea. He produced a grammatical analysis of this Papuan (Southeast Manubaran) language, spoken by 2,000 speakers. His research encompasses aspects of the language and promotes preservation of an endangered language for the benefit of speakers and linguistic scholarship.
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Lewis, D. C. "Planter Papua 1884-1942." Phd thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/123103.
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This is an account of European settlement and settler plantation agriculture in the region of Papua New Guinea formerly known as British New Guinea (1884-1905) and subsequently as the Territory of Papua when the country was administered as a separate Territory of the Commonwealth of Australia until 1942 under the Papua Act of 1905.
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Sarvasy, Hannah Sacha. "A grammar of Nungon: a Papuan language of the Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea." Thesis, 2014. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/40832/1/40832-sarvasy-2014-thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a reference grammar of Nungon, a Papuan (non-Austronesian) language spoken by about 1,000 people in the southern Uruwa River valley, Kabwum District, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Nungon forms the southern, higher-elevation, end of an elliptical dialect continuum with the Uruwa River at its center. This grammar focuses on the dialect of Towet village.
Nungon is an agglutinating language with some fusion. Nouns, adjectives, and verbs are open classes. There are relatively few inflecting verbs, however; loans are incorporated with auxiliary verbs. Clauses are verb-final, and morphology is predominantly suffixing. Grammatical relations are marked with enclitics. Nungon is a clause-chaining language. Medial clauses have verbal predicates that are unmarked for tense or mood, while final clauses have verbal predicates that are fully-inflected for tense or mood. Medial clauses are marked for switch-reference.
Two different number systems operate in different areas of Nungon grammar. The maximal number system is a tripartite one, with singular, dual and plural number values distinguished. This system features in subject argument indexation on final and medial verbs, number marking on nouns with prototypically-human referents, and the emphatic (reflexive/contrastive) personal pronouns. The second number system is a bipartite one, with singular and non-singular (more than one) number values distinguished. This system features in object argument indexation on verbs and basic personal pronouns. Nungon has no grammatical gender. Animacy and humanness play roles in the grammar: only nouns with prototypically human referents may be marked for number, while some verbal categories, such as the Perfect aspect, only occur when the verb's subject argument has animate reference.
Nungon has 14 consonant phonemes in regular use, two additional rare consonants, and six vowels. It has more phonemic distinctions among back vowels than among front vowels. Phonological word boundaries may be distinguished on several grounds, including restrictions on phonological word-final consonant phonemes, spirantization of stops intervocalically within phonological words, and prohibition on prenasalization of phonological word-initial voiced obstruents.
Verbal morphology is complex. A closed subset of transitive verbs obligatorily bear prefixes indexing the verb's object argument. Five tenses are distinguished through verbal inflection; two of the distinctions among tenses are neutralized under negation. The Near Future tense also functions in conditionals and statements of general truths. Additional inflectional categories of final verbs are: Immediate and Delayed Imperatives, Probable, Irrealis, Counterfactual, and Inferred Imperfective aspect. Habitual, Continuous, and Continuous Habitual apects are marked through auxiliary constructions. The Inferred Imperfective aspect combines non-direct evidentiality and imperfective aspect. Non-final verb forms mark additional aspectual distinctions.
The grammar contains 13 chapters. Chapter 1 gives the linguistic, cultural, and geographical context for the Nungon language. Chapter 2 presents phonology, including intonation. Chapter 3 describes word classes. Chapter 4 explains nominal morphology and characteristics of the Noun Phrase. Chapter 5 outlines final verbal morphology. Chapter 6 discusses non-final verbal morphology, including the Nungon switch-reference system, aspect marking, and Causative constructions. Chapter 7 introduces Nungon personal pronouns and demonstratives. Chapter 8 examines the five grammatical relation-marking enclitics and one related suffix. Chapter 9 reports on representation of possession in Nungon, with explanation of kin terminology as it pertains to possessive marking. Chapter 10 is an exposition of Nungon clause types, including both verbless clauses and clauses with verbal predicates. Chapter 11 analyzes two major types of complex predicates: light verb constructions, and tight multiverb constructions. Chapter 12 is an account of clause combining in Nungon, including coordination of final clauses, relative constructions, complementation strategies, subordinate clauses, and speech reports. Finally, Chapter 13 includes descriptions of grammatical morphemes that function at the clause level, as well as documentation of Nungon narrative information structure, discourse organizationi, and the pragmatics of communication.
The appendix includes four texts: two dialogues and two monologual narratives.
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Pennington, Ryan. "A grammar of Ma Manda a Papuan language of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea." Thesis, 2016. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/48926/1/48926-pennington-2016-thesis.pdf.
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This is a grammar of Ma Manda, a language of Papua New Guinea, which covers major aspects of this previously undescribed language. The analysis is supported by culturally-embedded examples from a recorded text corpus. The result is a comprehensive preservation of this endangered language for its speakers, and for linguistic and anthropological scholars working in the Papuan arena.
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Diarsvitri, Wienta. "Educating for HIV prevention in Papua and West Papua Provinces, Indonesia : an experimental approach." Phd thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155779.
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The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) case rate is increasing in Indonesia, especially in Papua and West Papua Provinces. As of September 2011, Papua's AIDS case rate was the highest among all 33 provinces in Indonesia, at 180.7/100,000 population, which was 16.3 times higher than the national rate of 11.1/100,000 population. The second highest rate was in West Papua at 51.5/100,000 population. Even more alarming is the fact that young Papuans aged 15-29 years of age comprised 55 percent of cumulative AIDS cases up to March 2011. Studies have shown that sexual permissiveness is becoming more common among young people in Indonesia and in both provinces. However, young Papuans still have a low level of comprehensive knowledge on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and AIDS, do not perceive themselves at risk of HIV infection, and rely mostly on the media as the main source of information on HIV and AIDS. Therefore, education of young Papuans for HIV prevention is important in reducing new HIV infection. This thesis is based on the '2009 Reducing the Risk of HIV Infection: Intervention Trial for Young Papuans' program that I developed. This research is the first cluster-randomized trial on senior high school students carried out in Indonesia, and the first study to evaluate the efficacy of a comprehensive reproductive health education module on senior high school students in Indonesia. This research explores perspectives related to the social norms of sexuality and reproductive health education; evaluates the effectiveness of the 'Reducing the Risk of HIV Infection: Intervention Trial for Young Papuans' program in changing young people's knowledge, attitudes, behavior intentions and sexual practices based on the results of pre-tests and post-tests and self-reported sexual practices among senior high school students in different intervention groups; and analyzes determinants of students' sexual practices. The study uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The 'Reducing the Risk of HIV Infection: Intervention Trial for Young Papuans' module consists of a handbook and a PowerPoint presentation that has several advantages. It is delivered through interesting methods that enable active participation of the students. It helps students develop positive feelings about their changes during puberty and how to deal with the changes. It provides unbiased information about HIV and AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), risk involved in unprotected sexual intercourse, revealing the truth about sexual myths related to Papuan cultures, teenage pregnancy, unsafe abortion, sexual and reproductive rights, how to use condoms and lubricants, available health services, and motivation to achieve a better future. It provides a framework for decision-making and communication about safer sexual practices. Therefore, the program helps students perceive whether they might be at risk for HIV, increases the motivation and intentions to reduce risk, and builds the skills required to protect themselves from acquiring HIV infection or other STIs, as well as unintended pregnancies in the real world. 'Reducing the Risk of HIV Infection Logic Model' is created and used by the author to show clearly and concisely the causal mechanisms through which specific interventions (Reducing the Risk of HIV Infection: Intervention Trial for Young Papuans' program) can affect certain determinants (students' risks and protective factors) that affect behaviors, which in turn (through maintenance) will achieve a health goal (reduction of new HIV infection). The results of in-depth interviews of educators and policy makers confirm the need for a comprehensive reproductive health education module in the school curriculum, the need to raise quality of teachers, and to achieve openness between parents and children. Health professionals suggest young Papuans are reluctant to visit Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) clinics, health centers and private doctors to discuss STIs, due to ignorance, stigma and availability over-the-counter medicine. Further, many young patients come to hospital with late stage of AIDS. A stratified cluster randomized trial is used to assess the efficacy of my intervention strategy A total of 16 senior high schools (1,082 Year 11 students) was selected out of 89 senior high schools in Jayapura city and Jayapura district of Papua Province, and Manokwari district and Sorong city of West Papua Province. These schools were randomly assigned to either receive the reproductive health education program after pre-test (being in the intervention group) or acted as a control group that received the program two months later, after the post-test. The questionnaire consisted of 128 questions: 25 true or false questions in the knowledge test; 30 questions in the attitude test; 18 questions in the behavior intention test; and 55 questions covering demographic characteristics, previous sexual experience, contraception, pregnancy, unsafe abortion, STI symptoms, treatment-seeking behavior, interest in reproductive health matters, alcohol and drug use. Total loss to follow-up on individual level was 8.7 percent (94 students), corresponded to 988 students in the analysis. Changes in knowledge, attitudes, behavior intentions and sexual practices between the two groups were compared using linear mixed models and generalized linear mixed models to account for the cluster randomized design. Of the 988 students in the analysis, 48.8 percent were in the control groups, and 51.2 percent were in the intervention group. The mean age of respondents was 18.9 years. The characteristics of intervention and control groups were similar with respect to sex, school type, ethnicity, sexual orientation, previous sexual experience, alcohol and drug use, source of HIV and sexuality information and enthusiasm to know about reproductive health education. However, the two groups were dissimilar with respect to religion; which was likely to be due to the clustered nature of the data. Results of linear mixed model indicated that 'Reducing the Risk of HIV Infection: Intervention Trial for Young Papuans' module achieved an efficacy with almost three more correct answers (difference score was 2.6 points, 95% CI 2.1, 3.1) for the overall knowledge test, 2.5 points (95% CI 0.3, 4.8) better mean score for the overall attitude test, and 2.4 points (95% CI 0.5, 4.2) better mean score for the overall behavior intention test different from pre-test to post-test between intervention and control group. Reducing the Risk of HIV Infection: Intervention Trial for Young Papuans module showed an efficacy of 0.4 times (95% CI 0.3, 0.7) in reducing the risk of having sexual intercourse and five times (95% CI 1.5, 14.9) in increasing condom use in the last sexual intercourse. The study supports the hypothesis that 'Reducing the Risk of HIV Infection: Intervention Trial for Young Papuans' module has been effective in changing young people's knowledge, attitude, behavior intention and sexual practices related to HIV and sexuality towards more positive results.
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Daimoi, Joshua Kurung. "Nominalism in Papua New Guinea." 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/15340896.html.
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