Relevant bibliographies by topics / Papermaking

Academic literature on the topic 'Papermaking'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Papermaking"

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Shimizu, Ryozo. "Papermaking. NextLevel." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 72, no. 3 (2018): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.72.304.

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Gao, Biao. "Application Research on Cleaner Production Auditing in Papermaking Enterprise." Advanced Materials Research 1033-1034 (October 2014): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1033-1034.378.

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In order to achieve sustainable development of the papermaking industry, the papermaking enterprises must devote major efforts to implement cleaner production and cleaner production auditing. Based on the objectives and basic ideas of cleaner production auditing, the article took one papermaking enterprise in Baicheng city of Jilin Province as an example and studied deeply how to implement cleaner production auditing in papermaking enterprise, in order to hold a mirror to papermaking enterprise in cleaner production auditing.
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Allen, Nancy S. "JAPANESE PAPERMAKING: PAPERMAKING TRADITIONS, TOOLS, AND TECHNIQUES. Timothy Barrett." Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America 4, no. 3 (October 1985): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/adx.4.3.27947483.

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Zhu, Xiu Lian, Feng Chen, Bing Yue, Jie Wang, Yan Jun Cheng, and Ming Heng Tong. "Circulation Economic Model is the Necessary Selection Sustainable Development of Chinese Paper Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 3527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.3527.

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Constructing papermaking industry eco-industrial park is a importance way which can solve the dilemma of resource, environment, and economic development from enterprise group hierarchy. By ecological theories of “key specises” and eco-industrial chain, this paper analyses the feasibility of china’s papermaking industry constructing eco-industrial park. By way of case analysis, prove that constructing papermaking industry eco-industrial park is a feasible way of realizing sustainable development of china’s papermaking industry.
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Rosenband, Leonard N. "The Industrious Revolution: A Concept Too Many?" International Labor and Working-Class History 90 (2016): 213–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014754791600017x.

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AbstractMuch of the recent debate in early modern European labor and economic history has centered on Jan de Vries’s concept of the industrious revolution. Briefly, he claimed that workers during the period 1650-1800 chose to labor longer hours, often at greater intensity, in order to consume novel manufactured goods and imported commodities. Moreover, plebeian families increasingly pursued new employments beyond the household to pay for these objects. As a result, men, women, and children spent ever more hours in waged labor, and their growing purchasing power proved decisive in stimulating large-scale European industrialization. My work on the history of French and English papermaking raises fundamental challenges to this model. First, paperworkers already labored exhausting hours at the outset of de Vries’s period of newfound industriousness. Second, masters and workers alike knew that they had to both “speed up” and “take their time” to turn out quality paper at the expected rate. Third, women and adolescent workers toiled for wages in paper mills long before the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. On the eve of large-scale mechanization, enduring shopfloor realities, skills, and quotas prevented a surge of productivity beyond papermaking’s familiar standards. With the demand for paper rising rapidly, it was the absence of an industrious revolution in papermaking that turned the manufacturers’ attention first to enlarged mills and small technological shifts, and finally, to the development of a papermaking machine.
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Kon, Mun Yue, and Liang Hsing Chou. "The Eco-Concrete with the Papermaking Sludge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.454.

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Porous concrete planted with grass is attractive both environmentally and esthetically for applications in residential driveway, sidewalk and parking lots. Disposal of papermaking sludge is a challenging environmental problem. As a possible solution, grass cultivation in porous concrete filled with mixtures of papermaking sludge and soil was studied. Bermuda grass, Perennial ryegrass, and Tall Fescue were tested. Experimental results showed that the papermaking sludge retarded the germination of grass seeds only slightly, while promoted the growth of grass stems and the development of grass roots significantly. The optimum ratio of the papermaking sludge to soil appears to be in the range of 25 to 50%. Therefore, it is believed that papermaking sludge is suitable for grasses cultivation in the porous concrete.
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Cai, Mengling. "Overview of paper and papermaking in Xinjiang, China." Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 14, no. 3 (November 18, 2020): 411–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2020.631.

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Papermaking in Xinjiang has a long history beginning during the Han Dynasty, to which a good many ancient documents excavated there bear witness. As an important trans­mitter of culture along the Silk Road, paper bears the imprint of the historical development of Xinjiang. Paper and papermaking techniques in Xinjiang are therefore of great historical and cultural importance. This article gives an overview of the development of traditional paper­making in Xinjiang, especially the mulberry papermaking in the Hotan area, by presenting its history, the raw materials used, papermaking and processing techniques, usages and the revival of handmade mulberry paper today in order to demonstrate its diverse values.
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Liu, Yong Min, Ce Shi, and Ling Ling Shang. "Effects of Influent pH on Papermaking Black Liquor Treatment with WAO Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (December 2012): 1257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.1257.

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Papermaking black liquor was processed with WAO method，Chroma of papermaking black liquor water was 1,250,000 times and COD concentration was7028 mg/L. Effects of influent pH on its treatment were researched. The CODCr, absorbance, turbidity and pH of effluent water were determined. COD removal, decolorization removal, turbidity removal were analyzed. The results showed that: treatment effects gradually weakened with the increase of influent pH in the treatment of papermaking black liquor with WAO method. Influent pH was in between 3.0 to 7.0 appropriate. When papermaking black liquor was processed by wet air oxidation after, COD removal, decolorization and turbidity removal basically improved with the extension of time, reaction time set at 60 min was appropriate.
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Zhou, Yan Ming, Ji Geng Li, and Huan Bin Liu. "The Abstract Device Models and the General Mathematical Models for Energy and Exergy Analyse in Papermaking Mill." Advanced Materials Research 499 (April 2012): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.499.160.

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There are huge potential energy-saving in the papermaking mill. However the modelling and simulation of papermaking mills currently mainly focus on the material flow in the papermaking process, there are few energy analyses of the whole papermaking mill and even fewer exergy analyses. In order to achieve the goals of energy-saving, this paper presents the basic works before establish the general framework of modelling and online simulation in papermaking mill, which are how to abstract the specific device and construct their corresponding mathematics models, not only for material analyze, but also for energy and exergy analyze, and at the same time, for different materials’ energy and exergy analyze, this paper gives the general mathematics models respectively. Use these models, it can do the energy and exergy analysis of the flux material, such as coal, diesel oil, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, water, condensate, dry atmosphere, wet atmosphere, steam, dope, slurry, wet and dry paper etc,. Base on those models, it can establish the specific device mathematical models to diagnose, analyze, optimize and simulate online the energy system of the papermaking factory. For calculating energy and exergy automatically, this paper established the property database of the water, water vapor, dry and wet atmosphere, flue gas, boiler heat dissipation and ash.
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Abd El-Sayed, Essam S, Mohamed El-Sakhawy, and Mohamed Abdel-Monem El-Sakhawy. "Non-wood fibers as raw material for pulp and paper industry." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 35, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2019-0064.

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AbstractPulp and paper industry in the world have been growing fast. As a result, there has been a massive request for pulp and paper raw materials. The raw materials used in papermaking can be classified into three groups: wood, non-wood, and recycled wastepaper. The Non-wood raw material is an important fiber resource in the regions where forest resources are limited. The current usage of non-wood plant fibers, as rice straws, corn stalks, cotton stalks, and bagasse would play a chief role in increasing papermaking raw materials. Using of non-wood plant fibers in the paper industry associated with some problems, including collection, transportation, storage and handling, washing, bleaching, papermaking, chemical recovery, supply of raw material and the properties of finished paper. Recently, a high-tech innovation in all the fields of papermaking has made non-wood more reasonable with wood as a raw material for papermaking. Although till now, use of non-wood fibers for pulp and paper manufacture was focused in countries with limited wood supply, it is now showing a growing effort even in countries with acceptable wood source due to environmental concerns. Consequently, the future of non-wood plant fibers as pulping and papermaking raw material looks bright.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Papermaking"

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Amundson, Charles. "Evaluating a new handsheet forming model based on deposition and smoothing /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5561.

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Stoor, T. (Tuomas). "Air in pulp and papermaking processes." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2006. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514280784.

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Abstract A pulp suspension consists of water, fibres, fines, fillers and chemicals, but air or other gases are also present in practically all pulping processes either in dissolved form or as bubbles. Dissolved gases seldom disturb the processes, but they are readily converted to gaseous form when conditions change. The gas bubbles affect the properties of the pulp suspension, reduce the accuracy of certain measurements, interfere with the runability of the papermachine and detract from the quality of the end-product. Gases are removed from the process by either mechanical or chemical means, resulting in increased investments and operational costs. The aim of this work was to study the behaviour of gas in pulp and papermaking processes with laboratory, pilot-scale and mill-scale experiments. Five main areas of the research can be identified: 1. Occurrence of gases in pulp and paper mill processes, 2. Dissolution, precipitation and hold-up of gases in the pulp suspension and mill water, 3. Effects of gases on certain consistency measurements, centrifugal pumping and operation of the hydrocyclone. 4. Measurement of the gas content of the pulp suspension by compression, radiometric, microwave and sonar methods and 5. Removal of gases with a centrifugal pump equipped with vacuum pump or hydrocyclone equipped light reject removal. The results show that the dissolution and precipitation of gas is strongly dependent on the pulp and water properties. Dissolved and colloidal material reduces the solubility potential of gas, but also accelerates the precipitation of dissolved gases in gaseous form. The hold-up of precipitated gas bubbles was found to be much more pronounced in hydrophobic mechanical pulps than in lignin-free chemical pulps. The accuracy of consistency measurements was affected by free gas in the pulp suspension, requiring special attention when assessing the results. The operation of pressure screens and hydrocyclones was affected only at high volumes of free gas in the feed suspension. According to the experiments, a reliable gas content measurement can be achieved by in-line radiometric, microwave or sonar methods, and also by the off-line compression method if a representative sample is obtained. A centrifugal pump equipped with a gas removing unit is designed mainly to ensure undisturbed pumping, whereas its gas removal efficiency remains quite low, especially with small bubbles and at a low gas content. The gas removal efficiency of a hydrocyclone equipped with light reject removal is good, but decreases with small precipitated bubbles. These results offer new information of the behaviour of the gas in pulp suspensions and white water and underline the importance of the bubble generation mechanism in this context.
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Pande, Harshad. "Kenaf fibres for pulping and papermaking." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ41265.pdf.

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Solberg, Johan. "The papermaking tradition of Central Asia." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6291.

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This paper examines the establishment of papermaking in Central Asia in the 7th to 8th century CE. Additionally, it examines the historical and contemporary status of papermaking in Uzbekistan based on primary sources gathered during a research trip, and historical sources. Both textual research and experimental papermaking research were conducted for this paper. Designed as a foundation for further study, this paper includes early textual sources mentioning papermaking, information gathered from interviews, personal observations, and maps highlighting areas of importance. The first part surveys the development of the discussion surrounding the establishment of the craft in the region. By combining early and contemporary research and highlighting and discussing new sources, possible scenarios of the establishment of papermaking in Central Asia are further investigated. Pursuing this line of inquiry, the paper provides a full overview of the history and development of the different papermaking regions of Uzbekistan, following a detailed description of the tradition in the city of Kokand based on first-hand accounts from the early 20th century. The second part of this paper includes a description of the author’s process of recreating historical tools, techniques and paper based on data and information gathered during the research trip as well as information drawn from historical sources. In addition, the author explores different theories such as the debate about which raw materials were used, and hypotheses regarding the development of the paper mould.
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Yum, Hyejung. "Traditional Korean papermaking : history, techniques and materials." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2008. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/3209/.

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This study investigated the history of traditional Korean papermaking within its historical context: the relationship with the development of papermaking techniques in neighbouring countries were examined though primary focus was given to the development of materials and tools used. In order to understand the characteristics of historical Korean paper and the development of tools and materials used over time, surveys on Korean and Japanese collections at the British Library and a private Korean collection were carried out. Korean objects dated between the 12th and the 18th century were examined. The data collected from the surveys was compiled in a database and analysed. The data analysis revealed that the thickness of paper was closely related to the thickness of bamboo splints used in manufacture of papermaking screens. Research also included a summary of morphological characteristics and photomicrographs of fibres from nine indigenous plants which were used for traditional Korean papermaking. These standard fibre samples were used as reference to identify the fibres of unknown paper objects surveyed. This fibre identification confirmed the main material to be paper mulberry and, additionally, provided information on supplementary materials including rice straw, reed, hemp, and mechanical wood pulp of coniferous origin — a material that has not been recognised as one of the common supplementary materials in previous studies. In order to provide a better understanding of the materials and tools used in traditional papermaking in Korea, three papermaking experiments were carried out. Firstly, a papermaking experiment was conducted using a mucilaginous substance derived from the roots of Hibiscus Manihot, which has been employed as a formation aid for considerable time in Korea and Japan. Paper samples were then analysed to investigate the physical influence of the substance on the sample sheets. Secondly, a fixed laid screen was designed and sheets were produced using it. The intention here was to support a hypothesis which was proposed by the author in order to explain a possible chronological development of papermaking mould structure in China and its potential spread to neighbouring countries. The last experiment was conducted to simulate a technique of papermaking with reclaimed paper. Although the use of reclaimed paper was recorded in early literature, details of the process were unknown.
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Matyumza, Ntombozuko C. "Improved filler retention by co-flocculation of fines and filler particles." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/37370.

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Thesis (MScFor)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The retention of filler particles and drainage are important aspects of papermaking. A number of important paper properties depend in the quality and quantity of filler retained in the paper. Fines, fillers and pulp fibres all have a negative charge and are kept apart by electrostatic forces. This causes a decrease in the effectiveness of cationic retention aids thereby causing a high cationic demand. This in turn implies that the retention of fines and filler particles in a formed sheet is not efficient, especially in the presence of anionic trash. In order to improve printability, print quality and dimensional stability, a large percentage of mineral pigments / fillers either in the form of internal loading or external coating should be added. It was found that coflocculation of fines and filler particles resulted in an even distribution of filler particles in the form of miero-flocs and the filler retention was maintained. Opacity was improved without much reduction in paper strength. An increased filler content without coflocculation of fines reduced sheet strength properties. The filler particles interfered with the development of fibre-to-fibre bonds and occupied spaces that otherwise might have contained fibres. This study showed that the most beneficial effect of coflocculation of filler with fines was obtained, with regards to paper strength, opacity, filler retention and printability, when the charge of the fibre furnish was maintained at -0.1 leu with the 0.1% addition of cationic PAM retention aid.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Twee belangrike aspekte van papiervervaardiging is die retensie van vulstowwe en ontwatering. 'n Aantal belangrike papiereienskappe is afhanklik van die hoeveelheid en kwaliteit van vulstowwe wat in papier voorkom. Veselpuin, vulstowwe en pulp-vesels is almal negatief gelaai, gevolglik verseker elektrostatiese kragte dat hierdie deeltjies los van mekaar bly. Laasgenoemde verminder die doeltreffendheid van kationiese retensiemiddels en dit gee aanleiding tot 'n hoë kationiese aanvraag. Die retensie van veselpuin en vulstof deeletjies in papier is gewoonlik nie voldoende in die teenwoordigheid van anioniese afvalkomponente nie. Om aan papier verbeterde drukeienskappe, drukkwaliteit en dimensionele stabiliteit te gee, moet 'n groot persentasie minerale pigmente en/of vulstowwe as 'n interne lading of eksterne bestryking voorsien word. Daar is bevind dat kot1okkulasie van fynstowwe en vulstofdeeltjies, 'n egalige verspreiding van vulstof-partikels as mikro-t1okke tot gevolg het en dat vulstof-retensie op aanvaarbare vlakke behou is. Ook is ondeurskynendheid verbeter sonder 'n beduidende verswakking in die papiersterkte. 'n Toename in vulstofinhoud, sonder kot1okkulasie van fynstowwe, het die papier sterkte-eienskappe verlaag. Vulstofdeeltjies bëinvloed die ontwikkeling van vesel-tot-vesel binding. Hierdie deeltjies beset ruimtes wat andersins deur vesels benut sou word. Hierdie studie het getoon dat die voordeligste effek van kot1okkulasie van vulstowwe met fynstowwe verkry is, ten opsigte van papiersterkte, ondeurskynendheid, vulstof retensie en drukeienskappe, wanneer die lading van die pulpsuspensie by -0.1 leu gehou was met 'n byvoeging van 0.1% kationiese PAM retensie-hulpmiddel.
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Ingalsbe, Dana I. "Relating mechanical properties of paper to papermaking variables." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2001. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/ipstetd-1031/.

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Lobosco, Vinicius. "On the Modelling of Mechanical Dewatering in Papermaking." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fibre and Polymer Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3702.

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Most of the water fed into a paper machine is removedmechanically in the forming and press sections. One of thefactor which has an important influence on mechanicaldewatering, i.e. in both forming and pressing, is thestress-strain behaviour of the fibre network.

The focus of this thesis is on the development of improvedmathematical descriptions of the stress-strain behaviourexhibited by fibre networks in the forming and press sections.The first part of the thesis presents a physically based modelof the forming and densification of fibre mats in twin-wireformers. The model can calculate the ecect of the applicationof a varied load through the forming section. It was developedfrom mass and momentum balances of the fibre and liquid phases,the fibre mat stress-porosity relation and an expression forthe permeability as a function of the porosity. The fibre-matstress-porosity relation used is rate-independent and presentshysteresis. Simulations have been conducted to study theeffects of roll pressure, blade pulses, wire tension andbeating. The effect of sequential blade pressure pulses afterthe forming roll on the dewatering and the concentrationgradients could be characterised. The simulations alsoexhibited rewetting by expansion when the fibre mats left theforming roll. Increasing wire tension resulted in increaseddewatering, but the rate of increase diminished rapidly withincreasing tension. The simulation results also indicated thatbeating has a large influence on dewatering.

The second part of the thesis presents two models of therate-dependent stress-strain behaviour of the fibre networkthat is observed in wet pressing. The first model was based onthe approach pioneered by Perzyna (1966) for strain-ratedependent plasticity and was quite satisfactory for calculatingthe stress-strain behaviour of the fibre network in singlepress nips. It was successfully applied for studyingdensification and dewatering in both normal wet pressing andhigh temperature wet pressing. However, the first model onlyincludes rate dependence in the compression phase of thecompressionexpansion cycle; the expansion phase is treated asbeing rate independent

The second model of the stress-strain behaviour of the fibrenetwork treats both compression and expansion as being ratedependent, according to experimental observations. It is basedon the idea that the wet fibre web may be conceived as alayered network of restricted swelling gels. A swollen fibre isa restricted gel, the inner swelling pressure in a swollenfibre wall being balanced by the stresses in the fibre wallstructure. The observed rate dependence of wet webs in bothcompression and expansion phases was attributed to the flow ofwater out of and into the fibre walls. The second model gavepredictions that are in good agreement with results fromuniaxial experiments using pressure pulses of arbitrary shapefor both a single pulse and a sequence of pulses. It maytherefore be used as a general model for the rheologicalbehaviour of the wet fibre network in wet pressing, providedthe model parameters are estimated from experimental data withsmall experimental error.

KEYWORDS:Paper, modelling, dewatering, forming, wetpressing, fibre network stress, rheology, hysteresis,intra-fibre water, compressibility, structural stress,stress-strain, restricted gels, swelling.

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Ingalsbe, Dana L. "Relating mechanical properties of paper to papermaking variables." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7038.

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Raghem-Moayed, Amir. "Characterization of fibre suspension flows at papermaking consistencies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq41040.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Papermaking"

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Watson, David. Papermaking. Oxford: Heinemann Library, 2000.

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O'Reilly, Susie. Papermaking. New York: Thomson Learning, 1993.

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Markku, Karlsson, Suomen Paperi-insinöörien Yhdistys, and Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, eds. Papermaking. Helsinki, Finland: Fapet Oy, 2000.

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Hannu, Paulapuro, Suomen Paperi-insinöörien Yhdistys, and Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, eds. Papermaking. Helsinki, Finland: Fapet Oy, 2000.

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Leo, Neimo, Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry., and Suomen Paperi-insinöörien Yhdistys, eds. Papermaking chemistry. Helsinki: Fapet Oy, 1998.

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Ogden, Graham. Zero effluent papermaking. Manchester: UMIST, 1997.

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Lynn, Stearns, and Boone Tanya, eds. Papermaking for basketry. Bayside, CA: Press de LaPlantz, 1988.

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1925-2019, Morris Henry, McClure Floyd Alonzo 1897-1970, and Bird & Bull Press, eds. Chinese bamboo papermaking. Newtown, PA: Bird & Bull Press, 2011.

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Hunter, Dard. Papermaking in the classroom. New Castle, Del: Oak Knoll Books, 1991.

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printer, Van Vliet Claire, Miller-Brown C. Andrew printer, Green Maureen, Holden Audrey binder, Janus Press, and Janus Press Collection (Library of Congress), eds. Papermaking at Hayle Mill. Newark, Vermont: The Janus Press, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Papermaking"

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Pan, Jixing. "Papermaking." In Thirty Great Inventions of China, 343–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6525-0_13.

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Gill, R. A. "Fillers for papermaking." In Applications of Wet-End Paper Chemistry, 54–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0756-5_4.

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Georgeson, M. "Starch in papermaking." In Applications of Wet-End Paper Chemistry, 76–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0756-5_5.

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Bajpai, Pratima. "Pectinases in Papermaking." In Biotechnology for Pulp and Paper Processing, 443–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7853-8_20.

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Jixing, Pan. "Paper and Papermaking." In Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, 3494–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7747-7_9040.

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Ray, Indrajit. "Problems of Papermaking." In The Decline of British Industrial Hegemony, 207–50. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003267249-6.

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ILO. "Prelims - Small-scale Papermaking." In Small-scale Papermaking, i—xi. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445946.000.

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ILO. "1. Socio-Economic Effects of Alternative Paper Manufacturing Technologies; the Case for Mini Paper Mills." In Small-scale Papermaking, 1–16. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445946.001.

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ILO. "2. Characteristics of Paper Products; Raw Materials and Additives." In Small-scale Papermaking, 17–36. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445946.002.

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ILO. "3. Pulp Production Technologies." In Small-scale Papermaking, 37–86. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445946.003.

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Conference papers on the topic "Papermaking"

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Parker, J. R. "Instability and the Papermaking Process." In Fundamentals of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker and V. Punton. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1989.2.1183.

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Mechanisms causing instability and change are commonplace in nature. Similar phenomena exacerbate the tasks of devising, building and maintaining systems for efficiently manufacturing paper to a tight specification and high standard of uniformity. In the case of a machine calender stack, CD control can impart stability to an otherwise unstable system. Instability of the headbox or approach flow system can however seriously affect the MD control of basis weight. Some types of instability lie outside the reach of control, and must if possible be eliminated through improved equipment design. For this reason a good understanding of instability is necessary. This paper considers some specific examples of unstable behaviour, including eddy and vortex formation, waves and other amplification mechanisms on Fourdrinier wires, corrugation growth, uneven wear, self-excited vibration, and thermal deformation affecting calender stacks.
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Saarelma, Hannu J., and Pirkko T. Oittinen. "Paper and Print Noise as Limiting Factors of Information Capacity." In Products of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1993.1.351.

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Print noise and its effect on information capacity and visual image quality are analyzed. Noise in prints originates from the signal (immaterial image information), the printing process and the materials. The frequency bands and orders of magnitude of the noise associated with the different sources are discussed with emphasis on general principles and limits in off set printing.
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McKinlay, P. R. "Analysis of the Strain Field in a Twisted Sandwich Panel with Application to Determining the Shear Stiffness of Corrugated Fibreboard." In Products of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1993.1.575.

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Accurate measurement of the shear stiffness of corrugated fibreboard and other high performance sandwich panels is difficult because most loading strategies required to introduce shear stresses also introduce secondary effects, which complicate the measurement. This paper analysis the strain field introduced by twisting a strip of material and demonstrates a simple relationship for accurately determining the shear stiffness of corrugated fibreboard and other high performance sandwich panels.
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Padanyi, Z. V. "Physical Aging and Glass Transition: Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Paper and Board." In Products of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1993.1.521.

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Physical aging is a general process appearing in all amorphous or partially amorphous materials below the glass transition and is a fundamental characteristic of the glassy state. It is shown here that paper is no exception and the same behaviour is observable as in other materials. The aging process represents the slow movement of a glassy molecular network towards equilibrium and displays the ‘universal’ characteristics of strong age-dependence of some properties, scaling behaviour, reversibility, and relaxations which follow a stretched exponential or Kohlrausch law. Physical aging in paper is readily reversed by moisture sorption, which lends the aging effect particular practical importance. Small-strain mechanical viscoelastic properties such as creep and stress relaxation rates are strongly affected by age; this has very significant implications for the performance of paper webs or structures subject to short or long term endurance loading. A measurable but less important effect is also demonstrated for a very large-strain property, CD Ring Crush. The rate at which moisture is sorbed is strongly age dependent. Attempts to measure the glass-transition temperature in paper, and its dependence on moisture content, by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis are described; the results were inconclusive.
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Haraldsson, Tony, Christer Fellers, and Peter Kolseth. "The Edgewise Compression Creep of Paperboard: New Principles of Evaluation." In Products of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1993.1.601.

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A suggested method to describe the creep behaviour of paperboard in edgewise compression works for paperboard in the same way as for other polymers. The relation between stress, strain and time maybe determined by a simple equation involving two factors, a power function of time and a factor describing the non-linear behaviour of the stress-strain curve. For engineering purposes, it is an advantage to be able to design a given product in terms of stress and strain in isochronous curves. In some applications the critical design criteria maybe governed by a critical strain. For such applications isometric curves, i.e. stress versus time at different strains, are used. The strain at break in compression of the investigated paperboards was found to be independent of time. The strain to break in creep was equal to the strain at break for stress-strain testing under strain control. By inserting the strain at break in creep in the creep equation, the isometric curve at break could be derived which by definition gives the relation between stress and lifetime. The data in this investigation indicate that a rather small number of specimens and a reasonably short creep time are sufficient to provide a good prediction of the long-term creep behaviour. In other words, the creep of paper follows the fundamental behaviour of the material already established at short times, and described by the creep equation.
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Borch, J. "Surface Characterization of Communication Papers." In Products of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1993.1.209.

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The characterization of surface properties of communication papers reflects both handling and printing requirements. Test methods recently applied in this area range from simple adhesive strength characterization and liquid penetration tests to more sophisticated gas chromatographic and spectroscopic procedures suitable for thermodynamic and chemical constituent analysis. The principles and results of such testing are reviewed.
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Salmén, Lennart. "Response of Paper Properties to Changes in Moisture Content and Temperature." In Products of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1993.1.369.

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During production, converting and usage, paper and board products may be exposed to environmental conditions of both constant and variable nature. As these paper and board products are ultimately composites of the natural polymers cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin, they are, due to their hydrophilic nature and also to the existence of thermal transitions, highly influenced by the surrounding environment. The paper properties are accordingly affected by moisture and temperature and it is these changes of a physical nature that are discussed in this paper. In this paper, an attempt is made to present a philosophy of how the total performance of paper products can be reduced to the question of how moisture and temperature interact with wood polymers on a molecular level. The multicomponent nature of the wood fibre and the consequences of the build up of dried-in stresses are particularly emphasised. Thus the sorptive properties of the wood polymers are described from the standpoint of molecular interaction and a plasticizing effect which reduces the glass transition temperatures of the wood polymers. The consequences that this softening have on mechanical properties and on hygroexpansivity are presented together with descriptions of the effect of drying stresses and the creep behaviour during moisture cycling. Practical examples are given, discussing high temperature processes such as hot calendering, corrugating and press drying. Effects related to printing and converting operations, such as dimensional stability, surface roughening and linting are also commented on. Finally some ideas regarding future research are presented.
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Lindell, Henry, and C. F. Baker. "Odour and Taste Originating from Food Packaging Board." In Products of Papermaking. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1993.1.431.

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Four commercial grades of food packaging board were analysed by chromatographic techniques and sensory evaluation. Attention was paid to providing as similar conditions as possible for the sample preparation and sample pre-treatment in the two types of analysis. A mathematical function for the dependence of sensory data on instrumental data with a prediction error of 12.3 % was found. Hexanal and pentanal were to a significant degree responsible for the odour impact perceived from the board. The developed method has been used to estimate the odour level in boards with fibres from various sources.
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Görres, J., R. Amiri, M. Grondin, and J. R. Wood. "Fibre Collapse and Sheet Structure." In Products of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1993.1.285.

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A stylus profilometer has been used to evaluate the effect of wet pressing on the collapse of individual fibres from mechanical, chemimechanical and chemical pulps. The chemimechanical and chemical pulp fibres begin to collapse at low pressures and approach complete collapse at high pressures, while the mechanical pulp fibres do not exceed 80% collapse to 5000 kPa. The degree of collapse of southern pine TMP at a given pressure is about the same as that of northeastern spruce/balsam TMP. Since the thick-walled Southern pine fibres are less flexible, it is concluded that transverse collapsibility and flexibility are two independent fibre properties. On the basis of modelling results and the difference between fibre thickness-measurement from networks pressed in contact with smooth and with rough surfaces, it is suggested that wet pressure transferred locally at fibre contacts within a sheet leads to local collapse forces higher- than expected from nominal wet pressure values. Fibre contacts are initially present in the unpressed sheet.On pressing, free fibre segments will be deflected into contact with other segments above or below them, producing additional fibre crossings as pressing progresses . The effective pressing pressure will be highest at the initial fibre contacts, decreasing to zero at contacts just formed at the end of pressing. Because of the demonstrated effect of wet pressure on fibre collapse, it is the thickness at the initial fibre contacts or those formed early in the pressing process that is important in determining sheet density. Use of the more appropriate fibre thicknesses, substantially improves the prediction of sheet density by the Interactive Multiplanar Model of sheet structure for a range of pulp types.
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Gate, L. F., and D. J. Parsons. "The Specular Reflection of Polarised Light from Coated Paper." In Products of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1993.1.263.

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An experimental examination of the reflection of polarised light from surfaces which have a significant specular component is presented. The reflected light intensity is measured using a detector with a narrow acceptance angle (0.50) and it is found, for a number of different surfaces based on coated paper, that as the detector scans through the angular distribution, the ratio of polarised light intensities (R~RS) changes in a systematic way which can be accurately predicted if the surface is modelled as an array of mirror-like facets each with the same refractive index, distributed in and around the mean plane of the coating. The change in the ratio Rp/Rs detector position is independent of the angular distribution of the facets and depends only on the refractive index of the surface.
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Reports on the topic "Papermaking"

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Emmanuel Lafond, Paul Ridgway, Ted Jackson, Rick Russo, Ken Telschow, Vance Deason, Yves Berthelot, David Griggs, Xinya Zhang, and Gary Baum. Final Technical Report of project: "Contactless Real-Time Monitoring of Paper Mechanical Behavior During Papermaking". Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/860208.

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Tucker, Brian J., and Morris S. Good. Evaluation and Development of a Prototype Electrokinetic Sonic Amplitude (ESA) System for On-Line Measurement of Charge in Papermaking Process Streams. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15016913.

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