Journal articles: 'PAPER SENSORS'

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Immanuel, Phillip Nathaniel, Song-Jeng Huang, Yudhistira Adityawardhana, and Yi-Kuang Yen. "A Review of Paper-Based Sensors for Gas, Ion, and Biological Detection." Coatings 13, no. 8 (July 28, 2023): 1326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13081326.

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Gas, ion, and biological sensors have been widely utilized to detect analytes of great significance to the environment, food, and health. Paper-based sensors, which can be constructed on a low-cost paper substrate through a simple and cost-effective fabrication process, have attracted much interests for development. Moreover, many materials can be employed in designing sensors, such as metal oxides and/or inorganic materials, carbon-based nanomaterials, conductive polymers, and composite materials. Most of these provide a large surface area and pitted structure, along with extraordinary electrical and thermal conductivities, which are capable of improving sensor performance regarding sensitivity and limit of detection. In this review, we surveyed recent advances in different types of paper-based gas, ion, and biological sensors, focusing on how these materials’ physical and chemical properties influence the sensor’s response. Challenges and future perspectives for paper-based sensors are also discussed below.

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Guo, Yixuan, and Gaoyang Liang. "Perceptual Feedback Mechanism Sensor Technology in e-Commerce IoT Application Research." Journal of Sensors 2021 (September 28, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3840103.

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With the development of sensor technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the trend of miniaturization of sensors has prompted the inclusion of more sensors in IoT, and the perceptual feedback mechanism among these sensors has become particularly important, thus promoting the development of multiple sensor data fusion technologies. This paper deeply analyzes and summarizes the characteristics of sensory data and the new problems faced by the processing of sensory data under the new trend of IoT, deeply studies the acquisition, storage, and query of sensory data from the sensors of IoT in e-commerce, and proposes a ubiquitous storage method for massive sensory data by combining the sensory feedback mechanism of sensors, which makes full use of the storage resources of IoT storage network elements and maximally meets the massive. In this paper, we propose a ubiquitous storage method for massive sensing data, which makes full use of the storage resources of IoT storage network elements to maximize the storage requirements of massive sensing data and achieve load-balanced data storage. In this paper, starting from the overall development of IoT in recent years, the weak link of intelligent information processing is reinforced based on the sensory feedback mechanism of sensor technology.

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Movafaghi, Sanli, Matthew D. Cackovic, Wei Wang, Hamed Vahabi, Anudeep Pendurthi, Charles S. Henry, and Arun K. Kota. "Superomniphobic Papers for On‐Paper pH Sensors." Advanced Materials Interfaces 6, no. 13 (May 14, 2019): 1900232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admi.201900232.

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Suranthiran, Sugathevan, and Suhada Jayasuriya. "Signal Conditioning With Memory-Less Nonlinear Sensors." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 126, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1766030.

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Proposed in this paper is an off-line signal conditioning scheme for memoryless nonlinear sensors. In most sensor designs, a linear input-output response is desired. However, nonlinearity is present in one form or another in almost all real sensors and therefore it is very difficult if not impossible to achieve a truly linear relationship. Often sensor nonlinearity is considered a disadvantage in sensory systems because it introduces distortion into the system. Due to the lack of efficient techniques to deal with the issues of sensor nonlinearity, primarily nonlinear sensors tend to be ignored. In this paper, it is shown that there are certain advantages of using nonlinear sensors and nonlinear distortion caused by sensor nonlinearity may be effectively compensated. A recursive algorithm utilizing certain characteristics of nonlinear sensor functions is proposed for the compensation of nonlinear distortion and sensor noise removal. A signal recovery algorithm that implements this idea is developed. Not having an accurate sensor model will result in errors and it is shown that the error can be minimized with a proper choice of a convergence accelerator whereby stability of the developed algorithm is established.

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Shimojima, Koji, Toshio Fukuda, Fumihito Arai, and Hideo Matsuura. "Multi-Sensor Integration System utilizing Fuzzy Inference and Neural Network." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 4, no. 5 (October 20, 1992): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1992.p0416.

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Sensors are important for recognizing the system state environmental status in the intelligent robotic system. Thus, the sensor integration system (SIS) has been studied in a wide range of applications. In this paper, it is shown that the SIS can expand the measurable region of sensors with higher accuracy by multiple sensors and that operators can use the system as easily as a single high-performance sensor system. Systems which have been reported so far do not have flexibility for changing/replacing sensors. Thus, this paper presents an approach to the SIS with the knowledge data base of sensors, so the proposed SIS has the flexibility for changing/replacing sensors. This system consists of four subsystems: 1) sensors as hardware sensing devices, 2) knowledge data base of sensors (KBS), 3) fuzzy inference, and 4) neural network(NN). This system can estimate the error for the sensor’s measured value by fuzzy inference with KBS. The measured values are integrated by NN. The inferred error and measured value are put into NN. Then, NN’s output gives the integrated value of multiple sensors. The proposed system is shown to be effective through extensive experiments.

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Zhang, Chang Jie, and Yu Liu. "A Sensor Grouping Method for Industrial Sensor Health Management." Applied Mechanics and Materials 621 (August 2014): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.621.271.

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As many sensor networks have been deployed in industry monitoring area, the focus on sensor data quality has also increased. Sensor networks provide us with process details which we can utilize to help making decisions on process monitoring.In order to make meaningful decisions, the quality of the data produced by sensors must be validated. As we evaluate the status of a specific sensor, we may also regard the status of the related sensors. If a sensor’s data show some abnormal, but the sensors related to it didn’t, we may have much more confidence to believe that the sensor is malfunction. In our early study, the sensors grouping strategy is manual. In this paper, we proposed a sensor grouping algorithm, which combines both PCA decouple method and the K-means cluster method. Finally, a test has been made with real data from an oilfield.

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HUGHES, KEN, and N. RANGANATHAN. "MODELING SENSOR CONFIDENCE FOR SENSOR INTEGRATION TASKS." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 08, no. 06 (December 1994): 1301–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001494000656.

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This paper addresses the problem of determining the reliability of individual sensors in a multi-sensor robotic system in an unknown environment. The inherent difficulty in this problem is that the decision must be based solely upon the data from the sensors themselves. While some previous research has considered unstructured environments (see Refs. 1 and 2 for examples) little if any consideration has been given to totally unknown environments. This problem has usually been avoided by assuming that the sensors would not provide erroneous data or ignoring sensors when they appeared to provide erroneous data. We believe a more robust solution is to consider each sensor’s performance over time compared to other sensors, and from this determine a measure of confidence in each sensor. This allows sensors which temporarily provide erroneous data to be accommodated. A system which can determine the reliability of its sensors is more robust since it can wisely decide which sensors are most appropriate for a given task and can also determine whether sensor conflicts are the result of poorly performing sensors.

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Chen, Cong, Lulu Tian, Wen Li, Kun Wang, Qijing Yang, Jinying Lin, Tianshou Zhang, Biao Dong, and Lin Wang. "Recent Advances and Perspectives Regarding Paper-Based Sensors for Salivary Biomarker Detection." Chemosensors 11, no. 7 (July 7, 2023): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11070383.

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Paper-based sensors overcome the drawbacks of conventional sensors in terms of their flexibility, portability, and stability compared to conventional sensors. Moreover, as a noninvasive bodily fluid, saliva contains various biomarkers related to physical status, which makes it perfectly matched with to use of paper-based sensors to manufacture a convenient and inexpensive disposable sensing device. This review focuses on the recent advances and progress in the design of paper-based salivary sensors and their applications. The first part mainly discusses various paper-based sensors and their advanced compositions, including dipstick assay, lateral flow assay, and microfluidic analytical device. Different detection methods in salivary biomarker detection are specially introduced in the secondary section, then their multiple potential applications and prospects are summarized. The sensor has excellent advantages for saliva detection, provides a reliable platform for point-of-care tests and telemedicine, and epically promotes the development of the medical Internet of Things.

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Tay, Li-Lin, Shawn Poirier, Ali Ghaemi, and John Hulse. "Inkjet-printed paper-based surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors for the detection of narcotics." MRS Advances 7, no. 9 (March 7, 2022): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s43580-022-00257-8.

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AbstractRecent advances in inkjet-printing of advanced materials have provided a versatile platform for the rapid development and prototyping of sensor devices. We have recently demonstrated inkjet-printed surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors on flexible substrates for the detection of variety of small molecules [Tay et al. in Front Chem 9:680556 (2021); Tay et al. in J Raman Spectrosc 52:563 (2020)]. These flexible SERS sensors have many advantages for performing point-of-sampling testing, among them liquid or aerosol filtration and swabbing capabilities. These simple sampling and separation features make these inkjet-printed paper-based sensors ideal for field applications. SERS detection of molecules with poor binding affinity towards the plasmonic surfaces of the sensors tends to be inefficient. A surface functionalization approach has been applied to SERS sensors to improve the molecule affinity and hence their detection sensitivity. In this paper, we investigate the optimization of SERS sensor fabrication to achieve optimal performance. Three performance criteria: diffuse reflectance, SERS background intensity from the as-printed blank sensors and SERS performance of sensors exposed to the benzenethiol reporter molecule, are characterized carefully to derive the optimal inkjet-printing conditions for producing the best performing SERS sensors. Additionally, we demonstrate the use of a simple potassium iodide functionalization scheme to improve the detection sensitivity for narcotics such as fentanyl by two orders of magnitude. Graphical abstract

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Elangkovan, Shuthish, Mastura Shafinaz Zainal Abidin, Shaharin Fadzli Abd Rahman, Mohammad Shafiq Che Soh, and Ahmad Bukhairi Md Rashid. "Economical fabrication of graphite/paper-based humidity sensor." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, no. 1 (October 1, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i1.pp54-59.

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<p>Paper is regarded as a promising alternative for low-cost and biodegradable substrate. Paper can be a very good humidity detecting substrate due to its capability to absorb water vapour, thanks to its porous surface. This work explores the feasibility of developing a paper-based humidity sensor using simple and low cost fabrication process. Two type of electrode structures, namely interdigitated and parallel electrode, were formed by using two different pencil grade. The pencil grades used were 2B and 6B. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the fabricated device were measured under different relative humidity and its humidity sensing operation was analyzed. It was observed that the sensor with the 6B and parallel electrode configuration was the most responsive to humidity changes while the 6B interdigitated sensor was the second best. The sensors fabricated with the 6B electrodes are better at sensing humidity changes compared to the sensors fabricated using 2B electrodes.</p>

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Jia, Wendan, Qiang Zhang, Yongqiang Cheng, Jie Wang, Hulin Zhang, Shengbo Sang, and Jianlong Ji. "A Flexible Capacitive Paper-Based Pressure Sensor Fabricated Using 3D Printing." Chemosensors 10, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10100432.

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Flexible pressure sensors usually exhibit high sensitivity, excellent resolution, and can be mass-produced. Herein, a high-resolution, capacitive, paper-based, 3D-printed pressure sensor with a simple, low-cost preparation method is proposed. The sensor has a wide detection range (300–44,000 Pa), a short response time (<50 ms), and high mechanical stability during repeated loading/unloading (3750 Pa). It can measure the weight of an object precisely, from which the shape of the object can be predicted. The sensor can also perform gait detection. The advantages presented by low-cost, high sensitivity, wide detection range, and the ability to be mass-produced make these sensors potential candidates for applications in contact detection and wearable medical devices.

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Chugh, Amit, and Supriya Panda. "Energy Efficient Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks." Recent Patents on Engineering 13, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872212112666180731114046.

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Background: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of tiny electromechanical nodes termed as sensors. Sensors are equipped with sensing unit, which is designed for application specific. When deployed either by planned or unplanned after deployment, sensor’s energy starts depleting due to various roles like sensing, communication and aggregation. Method: WSN is challenged with limited battery power. The aim is to enhance energy efficiency that leads to a prolonged lifetime of networks. Results: We have reviewed the patents related to energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks. This Paper presents the study of various energy efficient techniques, which can enhance the lifetime of sensor networks; it covers basics of WSN, their design, Classification, Communication in WSN and a survey of different techniques for effective utilization of sensor’s energy. Conclusion: Paper has emphasized on energy efficient clustering technique along with feature wise summary of existing clustering protocols.

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Duan, Xiu Sheng, and Jing Xiao. "Research Status and Development of the Circuit System of Giant Magneto-Impedance Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 951–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.951.

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Giant Magneto-Impedance (GMI) sensor is a new type of magnetic sensors. Comparing with traditional sensors, GMI sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, good reliability, wide measuring range and small size and is potential in resisting harsh environment. In the paper, circuit systems both in overseas and domestic researches are analyzed, shortcomings of the systems are pointed out and some improvement ideas are presented. At last, elaborate the development trends of GMI sensor's circuit system to find a practical solution for data processing technology.

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Li, Bo, Lifan Meng, Hongyu Wang, Jing Li, and Chunmei Liu. "Rapid prototyping eddy current sensors using 3D printing." Rapid Prototyping Journal 24, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-07-2016-0117.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the process of rapid prototyping eddy current sensors using 3D printing technology. Making full use of the advantages of 3D printing, the authors study on a new method for fabrication of an eddy current sensor. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors establish a 3D model using SolidWorks. And the eddy current sensor is printed by the fused deposition modeling method. Findings Measurement results show that the 3D printing eddy current sensor has a wider linear measurement range and better linearity than the traditional manufacturing sensor. Compared to traditional eddy current sensor fabrication method, this 3D printed sensor can be fabricated at a lower cost, and the fabrication process is more convenient and faster. Practical implications This demonstrated 3D printing process can be applied to the 3D printing of sensors of more sophisticated structures that are difficult to fabricate using conventional techniques. Originality/value In this work, the process of rapid prototyping eddy current sensors using 3D printing is presented. Sensors fabricated with the 3D printing possess lots of merits than traditional manufactures. 3D printed sensors can be customized according to the configuration of the overall system, thus reducing the demand of sensor's rigid mounting interfaces. The 3D printing also reduce design costs as well as shortens the development cycle. This allows for quick translation of a design from concept to a useful device.

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Singh, Ravinder, and Kuldeep Singh Nagla. "Comparative analysis of range sensors for the robust autonomous navigation – a review." Sensor Review 40, no. 1 (October 29, 2019): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-01-2019-0029.

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Purpose The purpose of this research is to provide the necessarily and resourceful information regarding range sensors to select the best fit sensor for robust autonomous navigation. Autonomous navigation is an emerging segment in the field of mobile robot in which the mobile robot navigates in the environment with high level of autonomy by lacking human interactions. Sensor-based perception is a prevailing aspect in the autonomous navigation of mobile robot along with localization and path planning. Various range sensors are used to get the efficient perception of the environment, but selecting the best-fit sensor to solve the navigation problem is still a vital assignment. Design/methodology/approach Autonomous navigation relies on the sensory information of various sensors, and each sensor relies on various operational parameters/characteristic for the reliable functioning. A simple strategy shown in this proposed study to select the best-fit sensor based on various parameters such as environment, 2 D/3D navigation, accuracy, speed, environmental conditions, etc. for the reliable autonomous navigation of a mobile robot. Findings This paper provides a comparative analysis for the diverse range sensors used in mobile robotics with respect to various aspects such as accuracy, computational load, 2D/3D navigation, environmental conditions, etc. to opt the best-fit sensors for achieving robust navigation of autonomous mobile robot. Originality/value This paper provides a straightforward platform for the researchers to select the best range sensor for the diverse robotics application.

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Abbas, Jabbar, Amin Al-Habaibeh, and Dai Zhong Su. "Sensor Fusion for Condition Monitoring System of End Milling Operations." Key Engineering Materials 450 (November 2010): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.450.267.

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This paper describes the utilisation of multi sensor fusion model using force, vibration, acoustic emission, strain and sound sensors for monitoring tool wear in end milling operations. The paper applies the ASPS approach (Automated Sensor and Signal Processing Selection) method for signal processing and sensor selection [1]. The sensory signals were processed using different signal processing methods to create a wide range of Sensory Characteristic Features (SCFs). The sensitivity of these SCFs to tool wear is investigated. The results indicate that the sensor fusion system is capable of detecting machining faults in comparison to a single sensor using the suggested approach.

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Han, Ophelia. "Sensors Best Paper Award 2011." Sensors 11, no. 1 (January 25, 2011): 1243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s110101243.

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Han, Ophelia. "Sensors Best Paper Award 2012." Sensors 12, no. 1 (January 23, 2012): 1127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s120101127.

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Liu, Xinyu, Martin Mwangi, XiuJun Li, Michael O'Brien, and George M. Whitesides. "Paper-based piezoresistive MEMS sensors." Lab on a Chip 11, no. 13 (2011): 2189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1lc20161a.

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Stefan-van Staden, Raluca-Ioana, Iuliana Moldoveanu, Carmen Cristina Surdu-Bob, Marius Badulescu, and Jacobus Frederick van Staden. "Carbon Modified Paper Based Sensors." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 162, no. 14 (2015): B360—B362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0831514jes.

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Passaro, Vittorio, W. Seitz, Assefa Melesse, Alexander Star, and Ophelia Han. "Sensors Best Paper Award 2013." Sensors 13, no. 2 (February 5, 2013): 2113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s130202113.

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Passaro, Vittorio, W. Seitz, Assefa Melesse, Alexander Star, and Mohamed Younis. "Sensors Best Paper Award 2014." Sensors 14, no. 1 (January 23, 2014): 1898–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s140101898.

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Passaro, Vittorio, W. Seitz, Assefa Melesse, Alexander Star, and Leonhard Reindl. "Sensors Best Paper Award 2015." Sensors 15, no. 1 (January 20, 2015): 2228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s150102228.

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Macrelli, Andrea, Nicolò Simone Villa, Andrea Lucotti, David Dellasega, Paolo Maria Ossi, and Matteo Tommasini. "Sensing the Anti-Epileptic Drug Perampanel with Paper-Based Spinning SERS Substrates." Molecules 27, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010030.

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The applications of SERS in therapeutic drug monitoring, or other fields of analytical chemistry, require the availability of sensitive sensors and experimental approaches that can be implemented in affordable ways. In this contribution, we show the production of cost-effective SERS sensors obtained by depositing Lee-Meisel Ag colloids on filter paper either by natural sedimentation or centrifugation. We have characterized the morphological and plasmonic features of the sensors by optical microscopy, SEM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Such sensors can be used to quantify by SERS the anti-epileptic drug Perampanel (in the concentration range 1 × 10−4–5 × 10−6 M) by spinning them during the micro-Raman measurements on the top of a custom device obtained from spare part hard disk drives. This approach minimizes laser-induced heating effects and allows averaging over the spatial non-uniformity of the sensor.

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Kitazono, Yuhki, Shota Nakashima, Li Feng Zhang, and Serikawa Seiichi. "Proposal of an Optical Linear Sensor Using One-Side Frosted Glass." Applied Mechanics and Materials 36 (October 2010): 370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.36.370.

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Sensors that detect the distance and the position of an object are used in a lot of fields. Among of them, the sensors that measure the shift value of an object are a large scale system, furthermore, an accurate mounting of these sensors is required. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an optical linear sensor using one-side frosted glass. This sensor can detect the position of the light irradiation point only by putting it directly on the target. For a parallel light, it is irrelevant to the distance between this sensor and the source of light because the size of light beam is unchanged according to the distance. This sensor assumes that the sensor’s surface irradiated roughly vertical with the light, and does not need a high accurate mounting. Therefore, it can be easily used.

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Yang, Jing Jing, Ming Huang, Hao Tang, Jia Zeng, and Ling Dong. "Metamaterial Sensors." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/637270.

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Metamaterials have attracted a great deal of attention due to their intriguing properties, as well as the large potential applications for designing functional devices. In this paper, we review the current status of metamaterial sensors, with an emphasis on the evanescent wave amplification and the accompanying local field enhancement characteristics. Examples of the sensors are given to illustrate the principle and the performance of the metamaterial sensor. The paper concludes with an optimistic outlook regarding the future of metamaterial sensor.

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Kumari, Pilli Lalitha, Allanki Sanyasi Rao, and K.Jamberi. "Effective Communication between IoT Devices using Machine Learning." International Journal of Scientific Methods in Intelligence Engineering Networks 01, no. 05 (2023): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.58599/ijsmien.2023.1501.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) consisting of several interconnected sensors capable of transferring the data over the network without human involvement. All these interconnected sensors can be managed through internet remotely. The Sensors connected in the networks are deployed randomly and are mobile in nature. The loss of sensor’s energy occurs due to the mobility nature, communication between the sensors and operations performed. The perfectly suitable sensor nodes as relay nodes and Cluster Heads (CH), and energy efficient path to the Base Station (BS) should be selected at each and every stage in the IoT network for effective communication. This paper presenting the method for effective communication between IoT Devices using ML comprising of Sensor Deployment, Clustering, Data Aggregation, Data Routing, and Reconstruction. In this paper for maximum coverage across the BS, relay sensors are deployed in hexagonal fashion. The sensors in the network transmit the diverse data and data aggregation is performed at CH level by machine learning algorithm that is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is used to effectively routing the data over the network and dimensionality of the data is reduced with the Principle Component Analysis (PCA). The effective communication is established here by reducing the residual nodes. The total of 600 mobile sensor nodes and 12 relay sensor nodes are considered in the simulation of this work by the Network Simulation-3 (NS-3), only 42 joules energy is consuming over 200 milliseconds with network life time of 3000 milliseconds.

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Carneiro, Mariana C. C. G., Ligia R. Rodrigues, Felismina T. C. Moreira, and Maria Goreti F. Sales. "Colorimetric Paper-Based Sensors against Cancer Biomarkers." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 22, 2022): 3221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093221.

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Cancer is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Detection and quantification of cancer biomarkers plays a critical role in cancer early diagnosis, screening, and treatment. Clinicians, particularly in developing countries, deal with high costs and limited resources for diagnostic systems. Using low-cost substrates to develop sensor devices could be very helpful. The interest in paper-based sensors with colorimetric detection increased exponentially in the last decade as they meet the criteria for point-of-care (PoC) devices. Cellulose and different nanomaterials have been used as substrate and colorimetric probes, respectively, for these types of devices in their different designs as spot tests, lateral-flow assays, dipsticks, and microfluidic paper-based devices (μPADs), offering low-cost and disposable devices. However, the main challenge with these devices is their low sensitivity and lack of efficiency in performing quantitative measurements. This review includes an overview of the use of paper for the development of sensing devices focusing on colorimetric detection and their application to cancer biomarkers. We highlight recent works reporting the use of paper in the development of colorimetric sensors for cancer biomarkers, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and others. Finally, we discuss the main advantages of these types of devices and highlight their major pitfalls.

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Petrović, Davor, and Željko Barač. "Different Sensor Systems for the Application of Variable Rate Technology in Permanent Crops." Tehnički glasnik 12, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20180213125928.

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The paper presents a review of different sensory systems for trees’ characterization and detection in permanent crops and the detection of plant health status in crop conditions for the purpose of applying the variable application rate. The use of new technologies enables the use of variable inputs in production with the aim of increasing the economic profit and reducing the negative impact on the environment. World trends increasingly emphasize the use of various sensor systems to achieve precision agriculture and apply the following: ultrasonic sensors for the detection of permanent crops; LIDAR (optical) sensors for treetop detection and characterization; infrared sensors with similar characteristics of optical sensors, but with very low cost prices and N - sensors for variable nitric fertilization. The daily development of sensor systems applied in agricultural production improves the performance and quality of the machines they are installed on. With a more intensive use of sensors in agricultural mechanization, their price becomes more acceptable for widespread use by achieving high quality work with respect to the ecological principles of sustainable production.

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Nguyen, Thanh-Hai, Ba-Viet Ngo, Thanh-Nghia Nguyen, and Chi Cuong Vu. "Flexible Pressure Sensors and Machine Learning Algorithms for Human Walking Phase Monitoring." Micromachines 14, no. 7 (July 13, 2023): 1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14071411.

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Soft sensors are attracting much attention from researchers worldwide due to their versatility in practical projects. There are already many applications of soft sensors in aspects of life, consisting of human-robot interfaces, flexible electronics, medical monitoring, and healthcare. However, most of these studies have focused on a specific area, such as fabrication, data analysis, or experimentation. This approach can lead to challenges regarding the reliability, accuracy, or connectivity of the components. Therefore, there is a pressing need to consider the sensor’s placement in an overall system and find ways to maximize the efficiency of such flexible sensors. This paper proposes a fabrication method for soft capacitive pressure sensors with spacer fabric, conductive inks, and encapsulation glue. The sensor exhibits a good sensitivity of 0.04 kPa−1, a fast recovery time of 7 milliseconds, and stability of 10,000 cycles. We also evaluate how to connect the sensor to other traditional sensors or hardware components. Some machine learning models are applied to these built-in soft sensors. As expected, the embedded wearables achieve a high accuracy of 96% when recognizing human walking phases.

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Ullah, Asad, Muhammad Hamza Zulfiqar, Muhammad Atif Khan, Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Zubair, Muhammad Qasim Mehmood, and Yehia Massoud. "Garage-Fabricated, Ultrasensitive Capacitive Humidity Sensor Based on Tissue Paper." Sensors 22, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 7885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207885.

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The role of humidity sensors in different industries and field applications, such as agriculture, food monitoring, biomedical equipment, heating, and ventilation, is well known. However, most commercially available humidity sensors are based on polymers or electronic materials that are not degradable and thus contribute to electronic waste. Here, we report a low-cost, flexible, easy-to-fabricate, and eco-friendly parallel-plate capacitive humidity sensor for field applications. The sensor is fabricated from copper tape and tissue paper, where copper tape is used to create the plates of the capacitor, and tissue paper is used as a dielectric sensing layer. Along with the low cost, the high sensitivity, better response and recovery times, stability, and repeatability make this sensor unique. The sensor was tested for relative humidity (RH), ranging from 40% to 99%, and the capacitance varied linearly with RH from 240 pF to 720 pF, as measured by an Arduino. The response time of the sensor is ~1.5 s, and the recovery time is ~2.2 s. The experiment was performed 4–5 times on the same sensor, and repeatable results were achieved with an accuracy of ±0.1%. Furthermore, the sensor exhibits a stable response when tested at different temperatures. Due to the above advantages, the presented sensor can find ready applications in different areas.

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Gong, Taobo, You Zhao, Yulong Zhao, Lukang Wang, Yu Yang, and Wei Ren. "Design and Manufacturing of a High-Sensitivity Cutting Force Sensor Based on AlSiCO Ceramic." Micromachines 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12010063.

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On-line cutting force measurement is an effective way to monitor processing quality, improve processing accuracy, and protect the tool. In high-speed and ultra-precision machining, status monitoring is particularly necessary to ensure machining accuracy. However, the cutting force is very small in high speed and ultra-precision machining. Therefore, high-sensitivity cutting force sensors are needed. Current commercial cutting force sensors have defects such as large volume, low compatibility, and high price. In particular, the sensitivity of cutting force sensor needs to be improved for high-speed and ultra-precision machining status monitoring. This paper provides a possible solution by embedding the sensor in the tool and selecting sensitive materials with high piezoresistive coefficient. In this paper, the structural design of the sensor and the fabrication of the sensitive material SiAlCO ceramic are carried out, and then the sensor is packaged and tested. The test results show that the cutting force sensor’s sensitivity was as high as 219.38 mV/N, which is a feasible way to improve cutting force sensor’s compatibility and sensitivity.

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Gong, Taobo, You Zhao, Yulong Zhao, Lukang Wang, Yu Yang, and Wei Ren. "Design and Manufacturing of a High-Sensitivity Cutting Force Sensor Based on AlSiCO Ceramic." Micromachines 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12010063.

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On-line cutting force measurement is an effective way to monitor processing quality, improve processing accuracy, and protect the tool. In high-speed and ultra-precision machining, status monitoring is particularly necessary to ensure machining accuracy. However, the cutting force is very small in high speed and ultra-precision machining. Therefore, high-sensitivity cutting force sensors are needed. Current commercial cutting force sensors have defects such as large volume, low compatibility, and high price. In particular, the sensitivity of cutting force sensor needs to be improved for high-speed and ultra-precision machining status monitoring. This paper provides a possible solution by embedding the sensor in the tool and selecting sensitive materials with high piezoresistive coefficient. In this paper, the structural design of the sensor and the fabrication of the sensitive material SiAlCO ceramic are carried out, and then the sensor is packaged and tested. The test results show that the cutting force sensor’s sensitivity was as high as 219.38 mV/N, which is a feasible way to improve cutting force sensor’s compatibility and sensitivity.

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Lee, Nam Hee, Un-Bong Baek, and Seung-Hoon Nahm. "Hydrogen Sensing Using Paper Sensors with Pencil Marks Decorated with Palladium." Sensors 19, no. 14 (July 10, 2019): 3050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19143050.

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Paper-based sensors fabricated using the pencil-on-paper method are expected to find wide usage in many fields owing to their low cost and high reproducibility. Here, hydrogen (H2) detection was realized by applying palladium (Pd) nanoparticles (NPs) to electronic circuits printed on paper using a metal mask and a pencil. We confirmed that multilayered graphene was produced by the pencil, and then characterized Pd NPs were added to the pencil marks. To evaluate the gas-sensing ability of the sensor, its sensitivities and reaction rates in the presence and absence of H2 were measured. In addition, sensing tests performed over a wide range of H2 concentrations confirmed that the sensor had a detection limit as low as 1 ppm. Furthermore, the sensor reacted within approximately 50 s at all H2 concentrations tested. The recovery time of the sensor was 32 s at 1 ppm and 78 s at 1000 ppm. Sensing tests were also performed using Pd NPs of different sizes to elucidate the relationship between the sensing rate and catalyst size. The experimental results confirmed the possibility of fabricating paper-based gas sensors with a superior sensing capability and response rate.

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Yoon, John. "Trustworthiness of Dynamic Moving Sensors for Secure Mobile Edge Computing." Computers 7, no. 4 (November 16, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers7040063.

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Wireless sensor network is an emerging technology, and the collaboration of wireless sensors becomes one of the active research areas for utilizing sensor data. Various sensors collaborate to recognize the changes of a target environment, to identify, if any radical change occurs. For the accuracy improvement, the calibration of sensors has been discussed, and sensor data analytics are becoming popular in research and development. However, they are not satisfactorily efficient for the situations where sensor devices are dynamically moving, abruptly appearing, or disappearing. If the abrupt appearance of sensors is a zero-day attack, and the disappearance of sensors is an ill-functioning comrade, then sensor data analytics of untrusted sensors will result in an indecisive artifact. The predefined sensor requirements or meta-data-based sensor verification is not adaptive to identify dynamically moving sensors. This paper describes a deep-learning approach to verify the trustworthiness of sensors by considering the sensor data only. The proposed verification on sensors can be done without having to use meta-data about sensors or to request consultation from a cloud server. The contribution of this paper includes (1) quality preservation of sensor data for mining analytics. The sensor data are trained to identify their characteristics of outliers: whether they are attack outliers, or outlier-like abrupt changes in environments; and (2) authenticity verification of dynamically moving sensors, which was possible. Previous unknown sensors are also identified by deep-learning approach.

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Cao, Rongtao, Jingyu Wu, Yang Yang, Mohan Wang, Yuqi Li, and Kevin P. Chen. "A High-Temperature Multipoint Hydrogen Sensor Using an Intrinsic Fabry–Perot Interferometer in Optical Fiber." Photonics 10, no. 3 (March 8, 2023): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10030284.

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This paper presents a multiplexable fiber optic chemical sensor with the capability of monitoring hydrogen gas concentration at high temperatures up to 750 °C. The Pd-nanoparticle infused TiO2 films coated on intrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (IFPI) array were used as sensory films. Strains induced upon exposure to hydrogen with varied concentrations can be monitored by IFPI sensors. The fiber sensor shows a repetitive and reversible response when exposed to a low level (1–6%) of hydrogen gas. Uniform sensory behavior across all the sensing cavities is demonstrated and reported in this paper.

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Wijaya, Tomi, Wahyu Caesarendra, Tegoeh Tjahjowidodo, Bobby K. Pappachan, Arthur Wee, and Muhammad Izzat Roslan. "A Review on Sensors for Real-time Monitoring and Control Systems on Machining and Surface Finishing Processes." MATEC Web of Conferences 159 (2018): 02034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815902034.

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One of the key components in real-time monitoring and control on machining and surface finishing processes are sensors. The advances of such system have triggered interesting questions on sensor selection that act as the fundamental before starting a project. This paper is made to review and answer the questions surrounding sensor selection. The paper first explains on the type of sensors commonly used in practice for real-time monitoring and control systems. After which, the paper discusses on how often the sensors are used on several machining and surface finishing processes and what are the reasons for the sensor selection. Thereafter, a review on the type features commonly analysed through these sensors is discussed. The paper expects reader would decide better upon selecting sensors and has a better direction in their project. Thus the paper works to guide reader to improve based on what has been completed before.

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Korotcenkov, Ghenadii, Nikolay P. Simonenko, Elizaveta P. Simonenko, Victor V. Sysoev, and Vladimir Brinzari. "Paper-Based Humidity Sensors as Promising Flexible Devices, State of the Art, Part 2: Humidity-Sensor Performances." Nanomaterials 13, no. 8 (April 16, 2023): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13081381.

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This review article covers all types of paper-based humidity sensor, such as capacitive, resistive, impedance, fiber-optic, mass-sensitive, microwave, and RFID (radio-frequency identification) humidity sensors. The parameters of these sensors and the materials involved in their research and development, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, semiconductors, and polymers, are comprehensively detailed, with a special focus on the advantages/disadvantages from an application perspective. Numerous technological/design approaches to the optimization of the performances of the sensors are considered, along with some non-conventional approaches. The review ends with a detailed analysis of the current problems encountered in the development of paper-based humidity sensors, supported by some solutions.

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Kazerooni, H., Mark S. Evans, and J. Jones. "Hydrostatic Force Sensor for Robotic Applications." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 119, no. 1 (March 1, 1997): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801201.

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This article presents a theoretical and experimental investigation of a new kind of force sensor which detects forces by measuring an induced pressure change in a material of large Poisson’s ratio. In this investigation, we develop mathematical expressions for the sensor’s sensitivity and bandwidth, and show that its sensitivity can be much larger and its bandwidth is usually smaller than those of existing strain-gage-type sensors. This force sensor is well-suited for measuring large but slowly varying forces. It can be installed in a space smaller than that required for existing sensors. This paper also discusses the effects of various parameters on the sensor’s performance and on failure modes. To verify the theoretical derivation, a prototype force sensor was designed and built. This prototype hydrostatic force sensor can measure the compressive forces up to 7200 lbf and tensile forces up to 3500 lbf.

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Ma, Chao Zhe, Jin Song Du, and Yi Yang Liu. "Research on PVDF Micro-Force Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 1135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.1135.

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At present, sub-micro-Newton (sub-μN) micro-force in micro-assembly and micro-manipulation is not able to be measured reliably. The piezoelectric micro-force sensors offer a lot of advantages for MEMS applications such as low power dissipation, high sensitivity, and easily integrated with piezoelectric micro-actuators. In spite of many advantages above, the research efforts are relatively limited compared to piezoresistive micro-force sensors. In this paper, Sensitive component is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and the research object is micro-force sensor based on PVDF film. Moreover, the model of micro-force and sensor’s output voltage is built up, signal processing circuit is designed, and a novel calibration method of micro-force sensor is designed to reliably measure force in the range of sub-μN. The experimental results show the PVDF sensor is designed in this paper with sub-μN resolution.

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Feng, Yanqing, Junhui Sun, Guocai Zhang, Yang Shen, and Yong You. "Construction of Graphene-Paper Flexible Pressure Sensor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2553, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2553/1/012072.

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Abstract Combining with flexible materials, two-dimensional nanomaterial graphene can effectively improve the mechanical and electrical properties of composites for flexible sensors, which has broad application prospects in health monitoring and human wearable devices. Here, we designed a sandwich paper-based flexible graphene sensor. The amplification and circuit were constructed to realize the acquisition and display of voltage signals caused by micro-strain to achieve the purpose of pulse signal detection. The qualitative and quantitative fabrication process parameters studies were conducted through experiments to make the sensor have high conductivity and sensitivity.

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Savu, Sorin Vasile, Ionel Danut Savu, and Mihai Ghiba. "Modeling the Flow in Nanostructured Sensors within Hybrid Welding Systems." Advanced Engineering Forum 13 (June 2015): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.13.154.

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This paper aims to present the recent results in modeling flows behavior in some specific nanostructured sensors. The sensor’s concept is based on the advanced properties of the nanostructured materials. That is because the results in the field of the nanotechnologies showed that the sensors that are using advanced nanostructured materials are smaller, more precise, faster in response, and more efficient. The efficiency of such new type of sensor is claimed by some aspects which appear during the hybrid welding process.

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Kurnyta, Artur, Krzysztof Dragan, and Michal Dziendzikowski. "Assessment of Sensor Technologies for Aircraft SHM Systems." Fatigue of Aircraft Structures 2013, no. 5 (August 21, 2014): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fas-2013-0005.

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Abstract SHM is a monitoring system which uses sensors, actuators and data transmission, acquisition and analysis, permanently integrated with the inspected object. The objective of SHM is to detect, localize, identify and predict development of fatigue fractures, increasing safety and reliability. This paper presents an assessment of sensor technologies used in aircraft SHM system. Due to the fact that most of these measurement methods are relatively new and still under development the present appraisal focuses on a number of parameters with reference to each method, including a sensor’s installation issues, reliability, power consumption, sensor infrastructure, sensitivity and cost and availability. The work is predominantly focused on the assessment ofpermanently bonded sensors, such as foil strain gages, Comparative Vacuum Monitoring (CVM), Piezo sensors (PZT), Eddy-Current Transducers (ECT). Finally, all these methods are briefly discussed.

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Bloss, Richard. "Multi-technology sensors are being developed for medical, manufacturing, personal health and other applications not previously possible with historic single-technology sensors." Sensor Review 37, no. 4 (September 18, 2017): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-04-2017-0063.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the advancements in new multi-technology sensor products being developed or already serving the market and to explore such applications. The paper also addresses some hacking problems which may arise. Design/methodology/approach This paper is a review of published information and papers on multi-technology sensor research as well as contact and discussions with multi-technology sensor researchers and suppliers in this field. Findings Microelectronics and electrochemical technologies have been major factors in the multi-sensor technology advancements of sensors for a wide range of applications. Sensors are becoming much smarter; solving application problems better than has been previously possible with single-technology sensors. Multi-technology sensors in many cases may offer better resolution and are much more sensitive than single technology sensors in the past. Practical implications Readers may be very excited to learn of the many advances in multi-technology sensors which are coming to the sensor field. Applications that were previously served with more than one sensor or were not possible before are now being served by multi-technology sensors. One such application which many readers may not be aware of but may be using is the wearable individual exercise sensor. One such device is the Apple Watch which will be reviewed in some detail later in this paper. Originality/value No previous review of multi-technology sensing has been observed.

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Swamy, Tata Jagannadha, Jayant Vaibhav Srivastava, and Garimella Ramamurthy. "Non Uniform Grid Based Cost Minimization and Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Wireless Networks and Broadband Technologies 2, no. 1 (January 2012): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwnbt.2012010102.

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Recent technological advances have facilitated the widespread use of wireless sensor networks in many applications. In real life situations we have to cover or monitor a lot of points/places on plane. Sensor’s range is proportional to their cost, as high cost sensors have higher ranges. In this paper the authors developed a new algorithm for sensor placement for target location with cost minimization and coverage to non-uniform plane. Sensor placement for target location implies that they are given different type of sensors with different cost and range for given points on plane, which are to be covered with minimum cost. Then the authors discuss how information can be passed from one node to another.

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He, Gonghan, Yingping He, Lida Xu, Lanlan Li, Lingyun Wang, Zhenyin Hai, and Daoheng Sun. "La(Ca)CrO3-Filled SiCN Precursor Thin Film Temperature Sensor Capable to Measure up to 1100 °C High Temperature." Micromachines 14, no. 9 (August 31, 2023): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14091719.

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Thin-film sensors are regarded as advanced technologies for in situ condition monitoring of components operating in harsh environments, such as aerospace engines. Nevertheless, these sensors encounter challenges due to the high-temperature oxidation of materials and intricate manufacturing processes. This paper presents a simple method to fabricate high temperature-resistant oxidized SiCN precursor and La(Ca)CrO3 composite thin film temperature sensors by screen printing and air annealing. The developed sensor demonstrates a broad temperature response ranging from 200 °C to 1100 °C with negative temperature coefficients (NTC). It exhibits exceptional resistance to high-temperature oxidation and maintains performance stability. Notably, the sensor’s resistance changes by 3% after exposure to an 1100 °C air environment for 1 h. This oxidation resistance improvement surpasses the currently reported SiCN precursor thin-film sensors. Additionally, the sensor’s temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) can reach up to −7900 ppm/°C at 200 °C. This strategy is expected to be used for other high-temperature thin-film sensors such as strain gauges, heat flux sensors, and thermocouples. There is great potential for applications in high-temperature field monitoring.

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Chen, Tzung-Shi, Jen-Jee Chen, Xiang-You Gao, and Tzung-Cheng Chen. "Mobile Charging Strategy for Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks." Sensors 22, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010359.

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In a wireless sensor network, the sensing and data transmission for sensors will cause energy depletion, which will lead to the inability to complete the tasks. To solve this problem, wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) have been developed to extend the lifetime of the entire network. In WRSNs, a mobile charging robot (MR) is responsible for wireless charging each sensor battery and collecting sensory data from the sensor simultaneously. Thereby, MR needs to traverse along a designed path for all sensors in the WRSNs. In this paper, dual-side charging strategies are proposed for MR traversal planning, which minimize the MR traversal path length, energy consumption, and completion time. Based on MR dual-side charging, neighboring sensors in both sides of a designated path can be wirelessly charged by MR and sensory data sent to MR simultaneously. The constructed path is based on the power diagram according to the remaining power of sensors and distances among sensors in a WRSN. While the power diagram is built, charging strategies with dual-side charging capability are determined accordingly. In addition, a clustering-based approach is proposed to improve minimizing MR moving total distance, saving charging energy and total completion time in a round. Moreover, integrated strategies that apply a clustering-based approach on the dual-side charging strategies are presented in WRSNs. The simulation results show that, no matter with or without clustering, the performances of proposed strategies outperform the baseline strategies in three respects, energy saving, total distance reduced, and completion time reduced for MR in WSRNs.

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Shin, Wonjin, and Tusan Park. "Paper and Paper Microfluidics for Analytical Devices and Sensors." Journal of Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry 51, no. 3 (June 30, 2019): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7584/jktappi.2019.06.51.3.77.

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Chow, Edith, Devi D. Liana, Burkhard Raguse, and J. Justin Gooding. "A Potentiometric Sensor for pH Monitoring with an Integrated Electrochromic Readout on Paper." Australian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 9 (2017): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch17191.

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Paper-based potentiometric pH sensors allow multiple measurements to be recorded in a cost-effective manner but usually in combination with an external display unit. In this work, a potentiometric pH sensor is integrated with an electrochromic readout system all on paper. The potentiometric pH sensor is based on electropolymerised aniline on a conductive gold nanoparticle film working electrode. The voltage output of the sensor is amplified using an operational amplifier and generated across an electrochromic readout system. The readout system comprises four segments of electrochromic Prussian blue/polyaniline on conductive gold nanoparticle films connected by graphite resistive separators. The colour of each segment is dependent on the voltage output from the potentiometric sensor and can be used to determine the pH range of a sample or whether the sample pH falls outside a critical value. This type of integrated paper device can be used for multiple measurements and also be applied to the development of other types of potentiometric sensors.

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Xu, Tao. "Sensor Fault Detection and Identification Method with KPCA in the Process of Aero-Engine Ground Testing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.297.

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This paper focuses on Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) in order to solve the problem of sensor fault detection and identification without linear relationship between sensors. After samples are projected into high-dimensional space, new Principal Component Analysis (PCA) model is established in the kernel principal component eigenvector space. By the contrast with SPE, Hotelling T2 is an appropriate parameter to detect sensor fault because it is more sensitive to sensor failure. The contribution of different sensor to Hotelling T2 is utilized to identify sensor fault for the faulty sensor’s contribution is large than others significantly. Finally, the proposed method is illustrated by the sensors of oil-providing system in the process of aero-engine ground testing. Experiment results show the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Journal articles on the topic 'PAPER SENSORS'

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