Relevant bibliographies by topics / Paper products

Academic literature on the topic 'Paper products'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Paper products"

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Lorey, F. W., and W. C. Martin. "Recycling of paper products." Conservation & Recycling 9, no. 4 (January 1986): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0361-3658(86)90069-x.

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Bhuiyan, M. N. A., Kazuhiko Murakami, Hirohisa Yoshida, and Masahiro OTA. "OS3-12 Chemical kinetics and pyrolysis products yield of used paper, newspaper and used paper+newspaper." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2007.12 (2007): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2007.12.329.

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Harmata, Władysław. "Decontamination ‒ disinfection of paper products." Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 69, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.3840.

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In this paper, the problems of elimination of surface contamination with biological substances were characterised. The possibility of SARS-CoV-2 virus contamination of various surfaces was analysed. Disinfection processes were characterised, including the method using hydrogen peroxide gas. The test results of disinfection effectiveness and material compatibility of selected products, mainly these made of paper, disinfected by means of hydrogen peroxide gas were presented.
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Pettry, Deborah Brooks. "Review: LEADING EDGE PAPER PRODUCTS." Simulation & Gaming 36, no. 1 (March 2005): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046878104273264.

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Welling, Leena, Raija Paukku, and Keijo Mäntykoski. "PCB in recycled paper products." Chemosphere 25, no. 3 (August 1992): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(92)90545-3.

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Miller, Lucinda G., Anne Hume, Ila Mehra Harris, Eric A. Jackson, Tina J. Kanmaz, Jacintha S. Cauffield, Thomas W. F. Chin, and Maureen Knell. "White Paper on Herbal Products." Pharmacotherapy 20, no. 7 (July 2000): 877–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1592/phco.20.9.877.35200.

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Gabay, Michael, Judith A. Smith, Mary L. Chavez, Micheline Goldwire, Scot Walker, Scott A. Coon, Rena Gosser, et al. "White Paper on Natural Products." Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 37, no. 1 (December 9, 2016): e1-e15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1874.

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Kumar, Ankit. "A review paper on biodegradation products." ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 11, no. 12 (2021): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2021.02649.5.

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Barson, Murray. "Non‐polluting and recycled paper products." Medical Journal of Australia 150, no. 12 (June 1989): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1989.tb136780.x.

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Wu, Xiu Fu, and Fu Ting Wang. "Paper Pulp Molding Products Structural Design." Advanced Materials Research 580 (October 2012): 383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.580.383.

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Paper pulp molding products meet the product-protecting requirements and operating requirements through all kinds of structural forms in the application of product packaging, fixation and product buffering shockproof. Paper pulp molding products structural design influences the buffering performance of paper pulp molding products and packaging requirements of the products, therefore influences the packaging structure, processing production, mold design and processing method of paper pulp molding products.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Paper products"

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Jeong, Laila S. (Laila Silvija) 1955. "Competitive advantage in the U.S. paper and paper products industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9283.

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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references.
Many firms in the U.S. paper converting industry are engaged in the commodity business of manufacturing finished paperboard products from paper stock. Contrary to the typically held mindset, these firms do not have to be relegated to the low margin end of the business. This thesis applies the various dimensions of the Delta Model to the paper converting business of the Chesapeake Corporation to define a new competitive positioning that will attract, satisfy, and retain the firm's customers. The overall objective is to develop the key elements of a new business strategy for Chesapeake upon which the business strategic agenda can be built. A new business model for the firm is presented that is centered on the "Total Customer Solution" and "System Lock-In" options of the Delta Model. The future business scope created by this new competitive positioning is defined and discussed in terms of new products and services, market segments, geographic coverage, and unique corporate competencies. These factors are used to identify three initial market segments that provide Chesapeake important opportunities to offer added-value to customers. Specific value propositions by customer segment are presented. The intent of each value proposition is to engender deep customer relationships that ultimately make Chesapeake successful because its has enabled its immediate customer to serve its own customer in a superior way.
by Laila S. Jeong.
M.B.A.
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Yang, Hongta. "Fundamentals, preparation, and characterization of superhydrophobic wood fiber products." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24796.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Yulin Deng; Committee Member: Jeffery S. Hsieh; Committee Member: Sujit Banerjee; Committee Member: Zhong Lin Wang.
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Sina, Ata. "Origami engineering : advanced converting for novel paper products." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52607.

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The recent work has focused to develop a fully automated prototype in order to make products in large quantities. A unique and novel methodology has been developed to create self-folding paper products. This platform technology enables us to create sophisticated complex 3D paper structure from ordinary 2D paper sheet. The self-folding material is composed of pre-cut and creased paper and heat shrinking thermoplastic polymer. A computational drawing tool is first used to design folds for particular 3D shape then a computer numerical controller cutter with knife at variable pressure is employed to cut paper and the thermoplastic polymer. The cut paper and thermoplastic polymer can be attached together by a large number of polymeric materials and several means of attaching polymer-paper have been explored. The effect of various polymer-paper attachments including chemical adhesion, stitching and welding was studied. Heat welding procedure was quite successful and it showed to be promising technique to make a strong polymer-paper bond. An experimental device was made and a series of experiments were conducted to reveal the significant factors, their effective range, and their impact on the paper-polymer bond strength. The effect of pressure, temperature, welding attachment area and, thickness of paper on the paper-polymer bond strength were determined and a database of strength attachments with an effective factors variation was collected. First, our in-house developed servo-robot for cutting was assisted with automatic welding system and then a large flatbed cutter has been used and functionally changed to perform cutting, creasing and adhering paper and plastic in one step. The effect of significant factors such as attachment distance to fold line, heating temperature and paper thickness on the folding angle has been studied and discussed in chapter 4. Several examples of folded decorative and industrial products have been developed using this technique and introduced in chapter 5.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Lei, Lei. "Computer Usage and Demand for Paper/Paperboard Products." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04062007-134445/.

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Officer, Simon J. "Alternative strategies for security labelling/encoding of paper and plastic products." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/983.

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A literature and patent review of current optical security techniques has been carried out and identified a need in the market for an improved optical security label to rival molecular fluorescent dyes. The label proposed was a rare earth (RE) doped borosilicate glass host that was excited and fluoresced in the visible region. Suitable RE dopants were found to be europium, terbium and dysprosium. The ability to triple dope a single glass and to be able to detect all three dopants based on their discrete fluorescence signals and unique fluorescence lifetimes has been achieved with an in-situ detector. This has advantages over current fluorescent dye labels which have broadband spectra that quickly overlap each other reducing their number of permutations. Energy transfer between the dopants was noted. This can be used to increase the security level as the fluorescence signals were altered by these interactions. Europium was found to be enhanced with the addition of dysprosium or terbium whilst dysprosium enhanced terbium. Environmental studies of the doped glasses were carried out under various extreme conditions. These results concluded that no affect was found on their fluorescence signals or weight. Fluorescence lifetime studies on the single RE doped glasses was successfully carried out. These results were used for the detection system design to increase the selectivity of the RE dopants over background fluorescence. Subsequently an initial single channel detector system was designed and built that could selectively detect 5 mm diameter pieces of 3 mol% europium doped glass. The application of doped glass dispersed in ink and printed onto various media was also successfully demonstrated. With the production of micron sized particles, the glass could be incorporated into a wide variety of media increasing their possible applications in brand protection. Additionally, initial tests for compatibility with the detector system were achieved proving the capabilities of the detector system to detect the doped samples whilst mixed in various media.
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Luo, Jifeng. "Two essays on the demand for and supply of paper and paperboard products." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04072004-180046/unrestricted/luo%5fjifeng%5f200312%5fms.pdf.

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Gerdemark, Ida. "Papper! : En studie om materialet papper ur ett konsthantverksperspektiv." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Estetiska avdelningen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-93663.

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Denna studie syftar till att belysa papper som konsthantverksmaterial. Studien aktualiserar hur konsthantverkare som arbetar i papper beskriver sin relation till materialet och hur konsthantverkare som arbetar i papper upplever att deras val av material påverkar deras arbetssituation. Uppsatsen bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med sex konsthantverkare som arbetar professionellt i Sverige med att på olika sätt skapa objekt i papper eller på olika sätt skapa materialet papper. Resultatet visar att konsthantverkare som arbetar i papper har en relation till materialet som genomsyras av trygghet, närhet, glädje och kontroll. Genom utbildning och/eller experiment har konsthantverkarna stärkt sin relation ytterligare till materialet. Pappret upplevs billigt, lättillgängligt och enkelt att bearbeta vilket medför att informanterna kan vara flexibla i deras arbeten och djupt utforska materialet. Papprets förgänglighet medför att konsthantverkarna kan uppleva det svårt att sälja sina produkter, men denna egenskap anses även korrelera med deras pappersprodukters avsedda funktion. Uttrycksmedlet papper har gett konsthantverkare en bättre arbetssituation än vad de tidigare upplevt när de till exempel tecknat eller målat då det innebär färre problem och ger fler idéer till gestaltning, de menar att pappret innehar stora möjligheter. I den nuvarande trenden som råder för pappershantverk, som bland annat kan ses på internet, kan arbeten i materialet bli särskilt uppmärksammade. Att arbeta med papper innebär också att konsthantverkarna ibland möter oförstående reaktioner från andra människor vad gäller materialet och den använda tekniken, vilket tyder på att föremål i papper normalt inte är särskilt vanligt och medför att de med tal behöver förklara sina arbeten. Arbetet i papper betyder även att konsthantverkarnas insats i form av tanke, kreativitet och tid blir viktig i det anspråkslösa materialet.
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Qian, Yuhui. "The Chemical Mechanism of a Brown-Rot Decay Mimtic System and its Application in Paper Recycling Processes." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/QianY2001.pdf.

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Olofsson, Kenneth. "Non destructive testing of paper products and tubes using transient bending waves." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 1992. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17165.

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McDonald, Patrick Edward. "Wicking in Multi-Ply Paper Structures with Dissimilar Plies." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14082.

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The wicking properties of multi-ply paper samples with dissimilar plies were investigated. These materials exhibit wicking performance in excess of either of their individual plies. Samples were produced from a ply of softwood pulp and a ply of hardwood pulp of equal caliper and basis weight. The softwood sample possessed a larger average pore size, a fact verified via porometry. Samples of a single ply were also produced for comparison. The samples were tested using both upward and downward gravimetric wicking tests. There was no saturation gradient observed, however there was a variation in the degree of bulk expansion during wicking. Capillary pressure and permeability for the various sample types were determined from the results of these tests and compared. It is shown that the wicking performance of the two ply sample is comparable to that of a theoretical material with the capillary pressure of the hardwood ply but the permeability of the softwood ply. Wicking in two-ply samples was also observed in an NMR apparatus. This was used to determine that the hardwood ply leads during wicking, and observe the rate of saturation as well as bulk expansion. A third type of experiment tracked the transport of dyed water from one ply to the other, establishing the direction of fluid transport during wicking to be from the softwood ply to the hardwood ply. The theory is proposed, based on these results, that wicking in this type of material consists of a smaller pored leading ply that draws water from a more permeable larger pored material that acts as a moving reservoir.
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Books on the topic "Paper products"

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Langley, Andrew. Paper products. New York, NY: Crabtree Pub., 2008.

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Canada. Industry, Science and Technology Canada. Converted paper products. Ottawa, Ont: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1988.

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Canada. Industry, Science and Technology Canada. Value-added paper products. Ottawa: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1991.

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W, Hall James. Paper products: Stories. New York: W.W. Norton, 1990.

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Niskanen, Kaarlo. Mechanics of paper products. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2012.

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Emily, Pattullo, and Key Note Publications, eds. Disposable paper products. Hampton: Key Note, 2002.

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Publications, Key Note, ed. Disposable paper products. 3rd ed. Hampton: Key Note Publications, 1990.

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Peter, Witney, and Key Note Publications, eds. Disposable paper products. 9th ed. Hampton: Key Note Ltd, 2000.

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Publications, Key Note, ed. Disposable paper products. 5th ed. Hampton: Key Note Publications, 1992.

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Richard, Caines, and Key Note Ltd, eds. Disposable paper products. 7th ed. Hampton: Key Note Ltd, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Paper products"

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Etzel, Barbara, and Peter Thomas. "Paper-based information products." In Personal Information Management, 72–78. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24869-8_8.

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Guest, D. "Recycling surface treated paper products." In Surface Application of Paper Chemicals, 229–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1457-5_13.

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Niskanen, Kaarlo. "1. The challenge." In Mechanics of Paper Products, 1–4. Berlin, Boston: DE GRUYTER, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110254631.1.

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Bajpai, Pratima. "Value-Added Products from Lignin." In Biotechnology for Pulp and Paper Processing, 561–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7853-8_25.

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Järvinen, Joonas, Juha-Antti Lamberg, Tomi Nokelainen, and Henrikki Tikkanen. "Global Demand for Paper Products: 2006–2050." In The Evolution of Global Paper Industry 1800¬–2050, 307–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5431-7_12.

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El Haji, K., V. Sachdeva, and R. D. Tyagi. "Bioconversion of waste water from the pulp and paper industry." In Bioconversion of Waste Materials to Industrial Products, 423–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5821-7_11.

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Schuh, Günther, Wolfgang Schulz, Maximilian Kuhn, and Christian Hinke. "Agile Product Development for Cyber-Physical Products." In Internet of Production, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98062-7_9-1.

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AbstractThe manufacturing industry, especially in high-wage countries, faces new challenges in recent times. The environment of development projects gets more dynamic and uncertain and is characterized by fast-paced changes of technological and economical aspects as well as heterogeneous customer requirements and volatile markets. In combination with an increasing complexity of cyber-physical products, the challenges within product development are constantly growing. Furthermore, companies need to be more flexible and be able to adjust to changing conditions (Schuh & Dölle 2021, S. 11). To increase flexibility, enablers (i.e., advanced manufacturing technologies) and tools (i.e., data-based automated design tools) are presented, whose further development and integration into the product development process reduce development times. Agile product development for cyber-physical products has become a significant research focus in order to meet the challenges described and to ensure the future competitiveness of manufacturing companies. The following paper and respective sections will describe the vision and main research activities within the Cluster of Excellence “Internet of Production” (IoP) in the context of agile product development for cyber-physical products.
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Schuh, Günther, Wolfgang Schulz, Maximilian Kuhn, and Christian Hinke. "Agile Product Development for Cyber-Physical Products." In Internet of Production, 393–404. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44497-5_9.

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AbstractThe manufacturing industry, especially in high-wage countries, faces new challenges in recent times. The environment of development projects gets more dynamic and uncertain and is characterized by fast-paced changes of technological and economical aspects as well as heterogeneous customer requirements and volatile markets. In combination with an increasing complexity of cyber-physical products, the challenges within product development are constantly growing. Furthermore, companies need to be more flexible and be able to adjust to changing conditions (Schuh & Dölle 2021, S. 11). To increase flexibility, enablers (i.e., advanced manufacturing technologies) and tools (i.e., data-based automated design tools) are presented, whose further development and integration into the product development process reduce development times. Agile product development for cyber-physical products has become a significant research focus in order to meet the challenges described and to ensure the future competitiveness of manufacturing companies. The following paper and respective sections will describe the vision and main research activities within the Cluster of Excellence “Internet of Production” (IoP) in the context of agile product development for cyber-physical products.
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ILO. "2. Characteristics of Paper Products; Raw Materials and Additives." In Small-scale Papermaking, 17–36. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445946.002.

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Waterhouse, J. F. "Paper Products: Classification." In Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, 6685–96. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043152-6/01183-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Paper products"

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Alsholm, Olle. "Paper Beyond 2000." In Products of Papermaking. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1993.3.1749.

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The pulp and paper industry has a fantastic potential to become the first and possibly the only truly “evergreen” industry. Our raw material is renewable, we apply sustainable forest operations, within the next decade our mills will be ecologically balanced, and our products are non-toxic and recyclable. It is up to ourselves to “do-it-ourselves”, to take charge and to find new solutions which will prepare us for a future full of trend-breaks. The key is knowledge and competence. Our fundamental task is to build up the knowledge-base that will be necessary if we are to proceed and if we want success.
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Farnood, R. R., S. R. Loewen, and C. T. J. Dodson. "Forming and Formation of Paper." In Products of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1993.1.183.

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Formation is a critical property for newsprint as well as printing and writing grades of paper. Measurements of the flow and fibre distribution properties in the forming section of an operating paper machine are related to the resulting paper structure. The 3-D M/K Analyzer is used to characterize the final paper structure in terms of the formation index and average floc size. A stochastic model is proposed to provide a basis for interpretation of the final paper formation.
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Niskanen, Kaarlo. "Strength and Fracture of Paper." In Products of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1993.2.641.

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In spite of forty years of research, it is still unclear how the mechanical properties of paper, particularly strength, depend on the disordered geometry of the fibrous network. Most of our understanding of the fracture phenomena of paper is based on illustrative microscopic observations. Theoretical models have traditionally been focused on the behaviour of a typical element in the network. However, the failure process seldom starts from, or proceeds through, “typical” elements. Instead, the statistical distribution of local failures is crucial for the strength of paper. With the ever more powerful computers it is now possible to simulate numerically the behaviour of disordered systems such as paper. I believe that computer simulations, in combination with new measurements and effective data analysis will lead to a better understanding and more accurate microscopic characterization of the strength and fracture properties of paper.
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Lindsay, Jeffrey D. "Relative Flow Porosity in Paper." In Products of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1993.2.935.

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Relative flow porosity is defined as the fraction of the void volume in a porous medium through which fluid can flow under a macroscopic pressure gradient. In saturated paper, much of the void volume is occupied by water that cannot flow due to chemical or physical absorption and mechanical obstruction (isolated or dead-end pores). In partially saturated paper, surface tension effects further hinder fluid flow through the sheet. In this paper, we discuss various methods for examining relative flow porosity and present results of new experimental techniques based on in-plane flow measurements. The experimental approach involves radially injecting known volumes of aqueous, non-absorbing dye into the center of a compressed, saturated sheet restrained by solid surfaces. The volume of the sheet occupied by the dye is measured, as is the total porosity of the sheet. The ratio of injected dye volume to pore volume within the dyed region is an estimate of effective porosity. We show that in unrefined, filler-free paper, effective porosity values are on the order of 40% or more. The relative porosity may be as high as 90% of the extra fiber pore volume. Data for both initially dry and initially saturated sheets are presented. A geometric theory exists to predict relative porosity in fibrous structures, but we find that this model predicts values for relative porosity much lower than we observe here. Using simple measures of the volume occupied by the swollen-fibers in a compressed mat, we find that most(on the order of 90%) of the extra fiber pores pace is available to flow.
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Alsholm, O. "Paper Beyond 2000 – Title Only." In Products of Papermaking. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1993.3.1355.

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Kajanto, Isko. "Finite Element Analysis of Paper Cockling." In Products of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1993.1.237.

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A cockled paper sheet has lost its planarity because small (5 – 50 mm) randomly spaced areas have bent out of the plane of the paper. The variation in surface height is usually only of the order of one millimeter. Cockling is related to the hygroexpansivity and small-scale inhomogeneity of paper, and is a problem mainly with some lightweight papers and with copying papers. In this study, cockling is analysed theoretically using the finite element method. The results suggest that cockling is caused by local inhomogeneity in the two-sidedness of paper. Small-scale variation in the fiber orientation angle is especially detrimental in this respect. Large variations in in-plane contraction can also cause paper to buckle. The intensity of cockling increases with decreasing paper thickness. The cockles become more oval as the fibre orientation gets stronger. The conclusions of the theoretical analysis are supported by experiment. With high basis weight papers, the local fibre orientation of the top side was found to be almost independent of that of the bottom side. Thus, two-sidedness varies considerably on the small length scale, and this allows local curling to take place. At low basis weights the top and bottom sides are no longer independent, which offsets the amplifying effect of smaller thickness.
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Good, James K. "The Science of Winding Paper Rolls." In Products of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1993.2.855.

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In many cases paper products are of a wound roll format. The wound roll product must have integrity such that it does not slip internally or telescope in printing or other converting operations or in the hands of a consumer if the wound roll is the final format of the product. Winding models which predict internal stresses within wound rolls begun development over twenty’ years ago. The purpose of this paper is to (1) show how the models can be used to insure roll integrity and (2) show how paper properties can affect the integrity of the wound roll and (3) show recent developments in wound roll models.
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Baumgarten, H. L., R. Wilken, and B. Hartmann. "Converting Challenges to Paper and Board." In Products of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1993.3.1569.

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The paper converting process forms part of that whole area of engineering known as conversion technology, which applies the rules and procedures acquired in converting to the manufacture of finished products from paper and board. The resulting conversion techniques consist of a sequence of sub processes in which certain changes in the state of the materials are brought about. The sum of these changes leads from the raw materials paper and board up to the final products. For the reshaping, separating and connecting processes covered by this report, the specific characteristics and physical principles will be described and the main options of technical realisation discussed. In a number of applied examples, details of the real physical mechanisms encountered in the individual processes will be gone into. The state of knowledge just set out is required for optimised designing of paper and board articles as well as of the necessary procedures and machinery. It is furthermore an absolute necessity with a view to realising the best possible manufacturing processes whilst taking ecological and work hygiene considerations into account and putting the means of production to economical use.
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Oittinen, Pirkko. "Characterization of Paper as an Information Carrier." In Products of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1993.1.311.

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Printing on a paper carrier falls into the generic class of’ visual communication processes. This paper aims to provide a systematic overview, based on the literature, on current knowledge concerning the fundamental factors related to paper as an information carrier. Published work on informational aspects of imaging can be found in diverse fields. Yet it seems that research specifically from the starting point of paper and printing is needed if future advances are to be made in our understanding of how paper properties contribute to visually perceived information.
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Farnood, R. R. "Forming and Formation of Paper – Prepared Contribution." In Products of Papermaking. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1993.3.1379.

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Reports on the topic "Paper products"

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Ince, Peter J. Recycling of wood and paper products in the United States. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-89.

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Kiran Kadam, PhD. The Fractionation of Loblolly Pine Woodchips Into Pulp For Making Paper Products. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/896388.

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Kadam, Kiran L. ,. PhD, and Jian Jiang. The Fractionation of Loblolly Pine Woodchips into Pulp Used for Making Paper Products. Test accounts, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/895358.

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Zhou, Nan, John Romankiewicz, and David Fridley. White Paper on Energy Efficiency Status of Energy-Using Products in China (2011). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1225618.

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Zhou, Nan, John Romankiewicz, and David Fridley. White Paper on Energy Efficiency Status of Energy-Using Products in China (2012). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1225619.

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Bernstein, Jeffrey. Price Margins and Capital Adjustment: Canadian Mill Products and Pulp and Paper Industries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3982.

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Soldano, Miguel, Verónica M. Gonzalez Diez, María José Hernández, Ana María Linares, Kathryn Britton, César P. Bouillon, Pablo Alonso, et al. Approach Paper: OVE Annual Report 2015. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005863.

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The Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) has committed to produce its second annual report as part of its 2015 Board-approved work plan (RE-479-1). This approach paper sets out the proposed approach, drawing on lessons from the first exercise in 2014 and on suggestions made by the Board of Executive Directors at a recent review meeting. The goals of the annual report are to enhance knowledge, strengthen feedback loops, and increase the use and influence of OVE's evaluation products, in line with the recommendations of the 2011 Independent Review Panel and the OECD-DAC. The annual report will draw on OVE's recent evaluation findings and, where appropriate, complement them with additional analysis. Because the report is not a full evaluation itself, it will not offer new recommendations. As in 2014, it will consist of two parts. Part 1 will summarize key findings and recommendations from OVE's 2015 evaluations, as well as the results of OVE's validations of management's DEM, PCR, and XSR ratings. It will also provide a status report on management's implementation of Board-endorsed recommendations from prior OVE evaluations, including a review of main points from Board discussions, and it will report on the uses of OVE's 2015 budget.
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Martin, Dougal, Juan José Durante, and Ben Rowland. Belize: A Private Sector Assessment: Private Sector Development Discussion Paper #6. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006918.

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Two basic factors shape private sector development in Belize. First, the population is small - only 322,000 as of mid-2008. This limits the size of the domestic market and potential economies of scale. The economy was only US$1.3 billion in 2009 and diversification is limited. The economy depends strongly on trade with the world economy, both as a market for domestic produce and as a source of the wide range of products that would be costly or impossible to produce domestically. Aside from Caribbean micro-states, Belize is the fourth most open economy in Latin America and the Caribbean (Figure 1). Any strategy to promote private sector development has to recognize that growth will continue to be export-led. The purpose of this study has been to describe Belize's private sector which accounts for roughly two-thirds of the economy.
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Parks, E. J., C. M. Guttman, K. L. Jewett, and F. E. Brinckman. Studies on the degradation products of paper with and without pollutants in a closed environment:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4456.

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Aulet, María, Alayna Tetreault, Jose Ignacio Sembler, and Monika Huppi. Approach Paper: Country Program Evaluation: Chile (2011-2013). Inter-American Development Bank, February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010571.

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As part of its 2014 annual work plan, the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) is preparing the evaluation of the country program with Chile for the period 2011-2013. This approach paper defines the scope of that evaluation. This CPE seeks to examine the Bank's relationship with the country from an independent and comprehensive perspective, particularly the relevance and effectiveness of the program, including both financial and nonfinancial products offered by the Bank during the analysis period. This evaluation is expected to serve as input for the new country strategy document being prepared by the Bank.
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