Relevant bibliographies by topics / Paper Optical properties

Academic literature on the topic 'Paper Optical properties'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Paper Optical properties"

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Hägglund, Håkan, Ole Norberg, Magnus Neuman, and Per Edström. "Dependence between paper properties and spectral optical response of uncoated paper." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 27, no. 2 (May 1, 2012): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2012-27-02-p440-444.

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Abstract This paper presents a method to describe, with good accuracy, the relation between variations in paper properties and variations of the spectral optical response of an uncoated paper. The dependence between density, filler content, grammage, and the spectral optical response is characterized by a multivariate model. The model is based on large-scale measurements data on a set of paper samples that have been produced with different values of grammage, density and filler content, representing the variations within a normal 80 g/m² uncoated paper. From the optical measurements the light scattering (s) and light absorption (k) coefficients have been estimated according to the Kubelka-Munk theory. The results from this study will give valuable input to optical modeling activities, where the optical variations are predicted from measured small-scale variations in underlying paper properties. The variations in the paper properties can be used to model the light scattering coefficient, s, but there were too small variations in the light absorption coefficient, k, to find any significant dependence to the paper properties for the samples studied in this work. Furthermore, linear models give sufficient accuracy in the intervals studied. Additional findings from this study are the different effects of wet-pressing and calendering on the light scattering coefficient.
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Ismailov, I. I., Kh A. Babakhanova, A. A. Sadriddinov, M. A. Babahanova, and D. Sh Saidova. "Surface and optical properties of calcium carbonate paper." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Chemical Series 57, no. 4 (December 3, 2021): 472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8331-2021-57-4-472-479.

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The article investigates the surface and optical properties of calcium carbonate paper obtained at the UzbekChinese enterprise Fergana stone paper company (Uzbekistan), in order to identify the possibility of their use at printing enterprises for printing multicolor products using traditional printing methods. According to the results of a quantitative assessment of the surface quality by the indirect Beck method, we can say that paper sample 1 has a smoothness like coated paper (750–1500 s), paper samples 2 and 3 – like calendered paper, so that these paper samples can be recommended for prints with increased quality requirements. Smaller values of roughness Ra and small depressions, expressed by darkening in the topographic AFM images, characterized sufficient homogeneity and density of the structure. It was also revealed that the surface of the paper samples has a high ability to specularly reflect the incident light, since the percentage of surface reflection is similar to that of coated papers. Samples of paper have a whiteness of about 90 % and do not have a tint, since the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the reflection coefficients on a white stack is not more than 10 %. The tested paper samples can be recommended without restrictions for double-sided printing, since the opacity index is more than 92 %.
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YILMAZ, UFUK, AHMET TUTUŞ, and SİNAN SÖNMEZ. "FIBER CLASSIFICATION, PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED PAPER." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 55, no. 5-6 (June 30, 2021): 689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2021.55.58.

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"In this study, reference papers prepared in accordance with the INGEDE 11p standard (International Association of the Deinking Industry) were recycled three times. Initially, reference papers were subjected to wetting, pulping, storage, deinking, dispersing and bleaching processes. At the end of these processes, test papers were produced and their optical characteristics were examined. The brightness value of writing papers (of 80 grams) was determined to be of 86%, following the TS 11610:2017 standard. In order to bring the brightness of the produced laboratory test papers to the specified value, double-stage bleaching was applied: with 0.4% FAS in the first stage and H2O2 in the second stage. The physical and optical properties of the test papers that reached the standard brightness value were determined. Overall, the final products were recycled three times. At the end of the third recycling stage, changes in paper fibers were examined. As a result, it was observed that the breaking, tear and burst resistance of the obtained papers gradually decreased at the end of each recycling stage. In addition, because of the narrowing fiber surface, it was determined that the opacity value of the paper decreased at the end of each recycling stage. According to the fiber classification results, the fiber size shrank at the end of the third recycling stage and a large part of the fibers remained in the 200 mesh. Paper fibers are recycled 3.6 times in Europe. This rate is approximately 2.4 times higher than the world average. This study offers interesting results regarding cellulose recycling, which has gained great importance in recent years. "
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Olejnik, Konrad, Paweł Pełczyński, Monika Bogucka, and Agnieszka Głowacka. "Optical measurement of the hydrophobic properties of paper products." Measurement 115 (February 2018): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2017.10.020.

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KO, SEONGHYUK, PAUL D. FLEMING, MARGARET JOYCE, and PNINA ARI-GUR. "Optical and photocatalytic properties of photoactive paper with polycrystalline TiO2 nanopigment for optimal product design." TAPPI Journal 11, no. 5 (June 1, 2012): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj11.5.33.

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We investigated the effect of the crystalline phases of titanium dioxide nanopigment to optimize the optical properties and photocatalytic activity for synthesizing a photoactive paper. Six different ratios of anatase to rutile were prepared. Phase change and particle size were characterized using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Optical properties including opacity and brightness were tested. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by measuring toluene decomposition, using gas chromatography. A specific ratio between two different crystallites of titanium dioxide showed relatively better optical and photoactive properties. The optimal anatase-to-rutile ratio was found to be 0.52:0.48.
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Hägglund, Håkan, Ole Norberg, and Per Edström. "Prediction of optical variations in paper from high resolution measurements of paper properties." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 28, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 596–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2013-28-04-p596-601.

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Kovalchuk, V. V. "Optical properties of clusters." Journal of Physics and Electronics 26, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/331804.

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In this paper, we discuss in detail the theoretical results obtained with using the local functional density method in parameteric approximation of silicon clusters. One of the main conclusions is that the comparison between theory and experiments shows the possibility of different radiative channels for the recombination in porous silicon.
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Zhen, Zhao Hui, and Zheng Shun Wang. "Influence of Coating Binder Migration on Coated Paper Optical Properties." Advanced Materials Research 746 (August 2013): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.746.114.

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The coating binder migration and concentration in z-direction of coating layer especially in coating surface influence coated paper optical properties. The results showed that with the increase of coating surface binder migration, the calendaring gloss decreases, the printing gloss and the printing optical density increases. The calendaring gloss and printing gloss, compared to the influence of binder distribution in coating layer,seemed more subject to coating surface binder concentration. Binder in the coating surface concentration and distribution in z-direction almost did not affect the whiteness of coated paper.
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Liu, Hongbin, He Shi, Yating Wang, Wei Wu, and Yonghao Ni. "Interactions of Lignin with Optical Brightening Agents and Their Effect on Paper Optical Properties." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 53, no. 8 (February 13, 2014): 3091–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie4032082.

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Liu, Ying Ping, Yao Yan, and Fang Qiao. "Research and Application of Recycled Paper." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.129.

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In this paper we analysed application status and reasons of recycled paper, researched physical properties, mechanical properties, optical properties, chemical properties and printing adaptability of recycled paper and tested the important indexes . The test data was compared with ordinary offset paper and there is little difference. The result shows recycled paper can be wildly used for offices, book, paper toys etc.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Paper Optical properties"

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Granberg, Hjalmar. "Optical Response From Paper : Angle-dependent Light Scattering Measurements, Modelling, and Analysis." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Production Engineering, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3629.

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Banerjee, Debasish. "Development of high resolution optical measurement techniques to investigate moisture content and thermal properties of paper." Aachen Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/993087183/04.

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Hansuebsai, A. "An investigation of the optical profile properties (smoothness) of paper substrates including the effects on smoothness of solvent penetratation and with particular reference to lithographic." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234271.

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Niemi, Jan. "Towards a new sensing strategy for measuring paper pulp properties : a combination of ultrasonic and optical measurement techniques." Licentiate thesis, Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2007. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1757/2007/17/.

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Banerjee, Debasish [Verfasser]. "Development of High Resolution Optical Measurement Techniques to Investigate Moisture Content and Thermal Properties of Paper / Debasish Banerjee." Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1161305181/34.

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Brault, Dominique. "The optical properties of paper and polyethylene mulches and their effect on growth and development of head lettuce, Lactuca sativa L., on microclimate modification and weed control in organic soil." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ50726.pdf.

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Brault, Dominique 1972. "The optical properties of paper and polyethylene mulches and their effect on growth and development of head lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), on microclimate modification and weed control in organic soil /." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21517.

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Lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. var. Ithaca) were transplanted on different beige and black paper mulches and on a coextruded white/black polyethylene mulch in organic soil in 1997 and 1998. Non-weeded and weeded control plots were also used. Plant mortality in 1997 for plants grown on bare soil was 10 to 15% greater than that of mulched plants. Head weight was found to be 3.6 times (1997) and 12 times (1998) greater for lettuce grown on mulch compared with a weeded control. The transmission, reflection and absorption of light of the white/black polyethylene mulch and black paper mulch remained stable over the course of the experiment while those of the other papers changed over time. Paper mulch decomposition occurred during the experiment. Although, black paper mulch was the only mulch that gave complete control of weed growth, weed populations present under the beige papers were too small in terms of the size and number of weeds to cause lettuce yield reduction.
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Björk, Anders. "Chemometric and signal processing methods for real time monitoring and modeling : applications in the pulp and paper industry." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kemi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4383.

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In the production of paper, the quality of the pulp is an important factor both for the productivity and for the final quality. Reliable real-time measurements of pulp quality are therefore needed. One way is to use acoustic or vibration sensors that give information-rich signals and place the sensors at suitable locations in a pulp production line. However, these sensors are not selective for the pulp properties of interest. Therefore, advanced signal processing and multivariate calibration are essential tools. The current work has been focused on the development of calibration routes for extraction of information from acoustic sensors and on signal processing algorithms for enhancing the information-selectivity for a specific pulp property or class of properties. Multivariate analysis methods like Principal Components Analysis (PCA), Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Orthogonal Signal Correction (OSC) have been used for visualization and calibration. Signal processing methods like Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Fast Wavelet Transform (FWT) and Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) have been used in the development of novel signal processing algorithms for extraction of information from vibrationacoustic sensors. It is shown that use of OSC combined with PLS for prediction of Canadian Standard Freeness (CSF) using FFT-spectra produced from vibration data on a Thermo Mechanical Pulping (TMP) process gives lower prediction errors and a more parsimonious model than PLS alone. The combination of FFT and PLS was also used for monitoring of beating of kraft pulp and for screen monitoring. When using regular FFT-spectra on process acoustic data the obtained information tend to overlap. To circumvent this two new signal processing methods were developed: Wavelet Transform Multi Resolution Spectra (WT-MRS) and Continuous Wavelet Transform Fibre Length Extraction (CWT-FLE). Applying WT-MRS gave PLS-models that were more parsimonious with lower prediction error for CSF than using regular FFT-Spectra. For a Medium Consistency (MC) pulp stream WT-MRS gave predictions errors comparable to the reference methods for CSF and Brightness. The CWT-FLE method was validated against a commercial fibre length analyzer and good agreement was obtained. The CWT-FLE-curves could therefore be used instead of other fibre distribution curves for process control. Further, the CWT-FLE curves were used for PLS modelling of tensile strength and optical parameters with good results. In addition to the mentioned results a comprehensive overview of technologies used with acoustic sensors and related applications has been performed.
Vid framställning av pappersprodukter är kvaliteten på massan en viktig faktor för produktiviteten och kvalitén på slutresultatet. Det är därför viktigt att ha tillgång till tillförlitliga mätningar av massakvalitet i realtid. En möjlighet är att använda akustik- eller vibrationssensorer i lämpliga positioner vid enhetsoperationer i massaprocessen. Selektiviteten hos dessa mätningar är emellertid relativt låg i synnerhet om mätningarna är passiva. Därför krävs avancerad signalbehandling och multivariat kalibrering. Det nu presenterade arbetet har varit fokuserat på kalibreringsmetoder för extraktion av information ur akustiska mätningar samt på algoritmer för signalbehandling som kan ge förbättrad informationsselektivitet. Multivariata metoder som Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Orthogonal Signal Correction (OSC) har använts för visualisering och kalibrering. Signalbehandlingsmetoderna Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Fast Wavelet Transform (FWT) och Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) har använts i utvecklingen av nydanande metoder för signalbehandling anpassade till att extrahera information ur signaler från vibrations/akustiska sensorer. En kombination av OSC och PLS applicerade på FFT-spektra från raffineringen i en Termo Mechnaical Pulping (TMP) process ger lägre prediktionsfel för Canadian Standard Freeness (CSF) än enbart PLS. Kombinationen av FFT och PLS har vidare använts för monitorering av malning av sulfatmassa och monitorering av silning. Ordinära FFT-spektra av t.ex. vibrationssignaler är delvis överlappande. För att komma runt detta har två signalbehandlingsmetoder utvecklats, Wavelet Transform Multi Resolution Spectra (WT-MRS) baserat på kombinationen av FWT och FFT samt Continuous Wavelet Transform Fibre Length Extraction (CWT-FLE) baserat på CWT. Tillämpning av WT-MRS gav enklare PLS-modeller med lägre prediktionsfel för CSF jämfört med att använda normala FFT-spektra. I en annan tillämpning på en massaström med relativt hög koncentration (Medium Consistency, MC) kunde prediktioner för CSF samt ljushet erhållas med prediktionsfel jämförbart med referensmetodernas fel. Metoden CWT-FLE validerades mot en kommersiell fiberlängdsmätare med god överensstämmelse. CWT-FLE-kurvorna skulle därför kunna användas i stället för andra fiberdistributionskurvor för processtyrning. Vidare användes CWT-FLE kurvor för PLS modellering av dragstyrka samt optiska egenskaper med goda resultat. Utöver de nämnda resultaten har en omfattande litteratursammanställning gjorts över området och relaterade applikationer.
QC 20100629
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Bergendahl, Rikard. "Felkällor och systematiska avvikelser i kvalitetsuppföljningen av tidnings- och journalpapper." Thesis, Karlstad University, Division for Chemistry, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1486.

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I papperstillverkning ställs det krav inte bara på kvalité och kvantitet utan också att stickprov från produktion utförs och tas hand om på ett korrekt sätt. Från det att ett stickprov tas ut och undersöks på brukets laboratorium kan en del källor till förändringar på provresultatet uppstå. Sådana förändringar kan uppstå för det första vid hanteringen av stickprov från pappersmaskin och provens transportering till laboratoriet och för det andra vid laboratoriets hantering och uppföljning av kvalitén. En annan faktor som kan påverka stickproven är klimatet. Årstiderna vår och höst är de tider som proverna kan påverkas mest. Prover undersöks med jämna mellanrum från färdigt papper och används till kalibrering av on-line mätning på pappersmaskin. Vissa av provresultaten skickas direkt till kunden i form av ett analyscertifikat.

I detta examensarbete var syftet att analysera vissa felkällor i provhanteringen och vad klimatet hade för påverkan på provresultatet. Det undersöktes hur varierande klimatförhållanden på pappersmaskin kunde påverka provresultaten för prov som undersöktes direkt på laboratoriet. Resultat från de proven har sen jämförts med prov som konditionerades en tid på laboratoriet i ett fast klimat (23°C, 50 % RH). Prov konditionerades både efter att provet tagits ut direkt och efter att provet hade legat uppe i maskinhallen under en längre tid. I arbetet ingick det att årstider skulle simuleras och det utfördes på Stora Enso Research Center i Falun i ett speciellt klimatrum. Klimaten som papper undersöktes i då var extremt torrt och extremt fuktigt och dessa resultat jämfördes med resultat från normalt provtagningsklimat.

Papperskvalitéerna som undersöktes var 45 g/m2 standard tidningspapper från PM 11 och 52 g/m2 SC-papper (obestruket journalpapper) från Kvarnsvedens nya maskin PM 12. Det som undersöktes var de kritiska parametrarna där det föreligger risk för att papper måste kasseras. De kritiska egenskaperna som har kassaktionsgräns är ytvikt, ljushet, nyans och i även vissa fall ytråhet och rivstyrka.

Resultaten visade att vid extrema klimatförhållanden från undersökningen på Stora Enso Research Center hade många prover påverkats till den grad att de hade lett till kassaktion. För SC-papper var ytråheten den egenskap som var mest kritisk vid extremt torrt klimat och vid fuktigt klimat var ytvikt den mest känsliga egenskapen. För standard tidningspapper var ytvikt och rivstyrka de egenskaper som påverkades mest av extremt klimat och pappret hade fått kasseras vid både extremt torrt och fuktigt klimat.

Vid undersökningen på Kvarnsveden visade resultaten att fukthalten i pappret påverkades mer än vad papprets övriga egenskaper gjorde. Förändringarna i papprets övriga egenskaper var endast marginella och höll sig inom respektive gränsvärde för kassaktion. Nyans och de andra optiska egenskaperna hade marginella förändringar för både varierande och extrema klimatförhållanden och förändringarna kan i de flesta fall anses försumbara för produktionen.

I de fall där det råder extrema klimatförhållanden som det kan göra vid vissa årstider är det mycket viktigt att operatörens hantering av stickprov sker på ett korrekt sätt. Då gäller det att stickproverna skickas ner till laboratoriet så snabbt som möjligt där påverkan är mindre än vad den kan vara inne i maskinhallen.


In paper production demands are set not only on quality and quantity, but it is also required that samples from the production are taken out and handled in a correct way. From the moment when a sample is taken out and up to the point when it is examined in the laboratory of the mill, a number of factors may affect the sample and thus the test result. Such changes can arise from the handling of samples from the paper machine and the transport of the samples to the laboratory and also from the handling of the samples in the laboratory. Another factor that can influence the samples is the climate and the seasons spring and autumn is the times when the samples are influenced most. Samples are examined with even intervals from finished papers and is used for calibration of on-line measurement on the paper machine and some of the sample results are sent directly to the costumer in the form of an analysis certificate.

The purpose of this project was to analyze certain error sources in the sample handling and the impact of the climate on the sample result. It was examined how varying climates on the paper machine could influence the sample results for samples that were examined directly and compared with samples that were conditioned for one hour on the laboratory in a permanent climate (23°C, 50% RH). Samples that were conditioned were either taken directly to the lab or left by the paper machine for an extended period of time. In the work, it was included that seasons would be simulated and it was carried out on Stora Enso Research centre in Falun in a climate room. The climates that papers were examined in then were extreme dry and extreme damp and these results were compared with results from normal climate for testing paper.

The paper qualities that were examined where 45 g/m2 standard newspaper from papermachine 11 and 52 g/m2 SC-paper (uncoated journal papers) from the new papermachine 12 in Kvarnsveden. What were examined were the critical parameters were it exists risk to rejection of papers. The critical properties that have a limit when the papers are rejected are grammage, ISO-brightness and nuance and in certain cases also roughness and tear strength.

The results showed that at extreme climate relations from the studies on Stora Enso Research centre samples had been influenced to that degree that many of the samples had to be rejected. For SC-paper roughness was the property that was most critical at extremely dry climate and at damp climate the grammage was the most sensitive property. Standard newspaper was very sensitive at both extremely damp and dry climates for grammage and tearing strength.

The study on Kvarnsveden showed that the moisture content in the paper was influenced more than the other properties but its changes were only marginal and within the respective limit for rejection. Nuance and the other optic properties had only marginal changes for both varying and extreme climates and the changes can in most cases be considered negligible for the production.

In those cases when there are extreme climates, like during certain seasons, it is very important that the operator handles the samples correctly. Then, it is important that the samples are sent down to the laboratory as fast as possible where the impact is smaller than if the samples stay in the machine room.

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Huang, kung-Chih, and 黃共志. "An Empirical Study to Investigate the Determinants of the Optical Properties Among Selected Recycle Papers Affecting the Quality of Color Reproduction." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00274139567812774465.

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Books on the topic "Paper Optical properties"

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Chatterjee, Aniruddha. Recycling and its effects on strength, surface and optical properties of paper. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992.

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Eghterafi, A. A study of titanium dioxide distribution and optical properties of paper using image analysis. Manchester: UMIST, 1993.

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Pulp and paper chemistry and technology: Paper products physics and technology. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2009.

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1932-, Weber Marvin J., ed. Selected papers on photoluminescence of inorganic solids. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE Optical Engineering Press, 1998.

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1957-, Lakhtakia A., ed. Selected papers on linear optical composite materials. Bellingham, Wash., USA: SPIE Optical Engineering Press, 1996.

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D, Jacobs Stephen, ed. Selected papers on liquid crystals for optics. Bellingham, Wash., USA: SPIE Optical Engineering Press, 1992.

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Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials Topical Meeting (1988 Troy, N.Y.). Nonlinear optical properties of materials: Summaries of papers presented at the Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials Topical Meeting, August 22-25, 1988, Troy, New York. Washington, D.C: OSA, 1988.

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Physics of X-ray Multilayer Structures Topical Meeting (1994 Jackson Hole, Wyo.). Physics of X-ray multilayer structures: Summaries of papers presented at the Physics of X-ray Multilayer Structures Topical Meeting, March 14-17, 1994, Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Washington, DC: Optical Society of America, 1994.

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Physics of X-ray Multilayer Structures Topical Meeting (1992 Jackson Hole, Wyo.). Physics of X-ray multilayer structures: Summaries of papers presented at the Physics of X-ray Multilayer Structures Topical Meeting, March 2-5, 1992, Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Washington, DC: Optical Society of America, 1992.

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Topical Conference on Basic Properties of Optical Materials (1985 National Bureau of Standards). OM85, basic properties of optical materials: Summaries of papers presented at the Topical Conference on Basic Properties of Optical Materials, held at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Maryland, May 7-9, 1985. Gaithersbury, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Paper Optical properties"

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Hu, Guichun, Haoran Fang, Maohai Lin, and Fuqiang Chu. "Effect of Paper Optical Properties on the Color Reproduction in Ink Jet Printing." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 447–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3530-2_56.

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Qi, Yonghong, and Boqi Wu. "Research on the Influence of Optical Properties of Paper on the Ink-Jet Printing Color." In Advances in Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, 723–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3663-8_98.

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Fudouzi, Hiroshi, Yu Lu, and Younan Xia. "Photonic Papers: Colloidal Crystals with Tunable Optical Properties." In ACS Symposium Series, 329–37. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2005-0888.ch025.

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Baier, Christel, Florian Funke, Jakob Piribauer, and Robin Ziemek. "On probability-raising causality in Markov decision processes." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 40–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99253-8_3.

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AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to introduce a notion of causality in Markov decision processes based on the probability-raising principle and to analyze its algorithmic properties. The latter includes algorithms for checking cause-effect relationships and the existence of probability-raising causes for given effect scenarios. Inspired by concepts of statistical analysis, we study quality measures (recall, coverage ratio and f-score) for causes and develop algorithms for their computation. Finally, the computational complexity for finding optimal causes with respect to these measures is analyzed.
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Munksgaard, Philip, Svend Lund Breddam, Troels Henriksen, Fabian Cristian Gieseke, and Cosmin Oancea. "Dataset Sensitive Autotuning of Multi-versioned Code Based on Monotonic Properties." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83978-9_1.

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AbstractFunctional languages allow rewrite-rule systems that aggressively generate a multitude of semantically-equivalent but differently-optimized code versions. In the context of GPGPU execution, this paper addresses the important question of how to compose these code versions into a single program that (near-)optimally discriminates them across different datasets. Rather than aiming at a general autotuning framework reliant on stochastic search, we argue that in some cases, a more effective solution can be obtained by customizing the tuning strategy for the compiler transformation producing the code versions.We present a simple and highly-composable strategy which requires that the (dynamic) program property used to discriminate between code versions conforms with a certain monotonicity assumption. Assuming the monotonicity assumption holds, our strategy guarantees that if an optimal solution exists it will be found. If an optimal solution doesn’t exist, our strategy produces human tractable and deterministic results that provide insights into what went wrong and how it can be fixed.We apply our tuning strategy to the incremental-flattening transformation supported by the publicly-available Futhark compiler and compare with a previous black-box tuning solution that uses the popular OpenTuner library. We demonstrate the feasibility of our solution on a set of standard datasets of real-world applications and public benchmark suites, such as Rodinia and FinPar. We show that our approach shortens the tuning time by a factor of $$6\times $$ 6 × on average, and more importantly, in five out of eleven cases, it produces programs that are (as high as $$10\times $$ 10 × ) faster than the ones produced by the OpenTuner-based technique.
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Biermann, Christopher J. "Optical Properties of Paper." In Handbook of Pulping and Papermaking, 487–515. Elsevier, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012097362-0/50028-5.

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Bajpai, Pratima. "Optical Properties of Paper." In Biermann's Handbook of Pulp and Paper, 237–71. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-814238-7.00011-8.

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Borch, Jens. "Optical and Appearance Properties." In Handbook of Physical Testing of Paper. CRC Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203910498.pt2.

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"5. Optical Properties of Pulp and Paper." In Paper Products Physics and Technology, 145–68. De Gruyter, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110213461.145.

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Brunel, Laurent. "Chapter 5 Measure of Optical Properties of Paper when Wetting Using Monte-Carlo Inversion." In Radiometry of wet surfaces, 51–62. EDP Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-2931-6.c006.

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Conference papers on the topic "Paper Optical properties"

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Cabalova, Iveta. "RECYCLING OF PAPER - CHANGES OF MECHANICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES." In SGEM2011 11th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference and EXPO. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2011/s21.112.

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Graebner, John E., and Sungho Jin. "Thermal properties of optical-quality diamond films (Invited Paper)." In San Diego '92, edited by Albert Feldman and Sandor Holly. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.130770.

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Bloch, Jean-Francis, and Marc Butel. "Modeling of surface roughness: application to physical properties of paper." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Zu-Han Gu and Alexei A. Maradudin. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.401649.

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Glasgow, Bruce B., Thomas P. McElwain, and Lon N. Pringle. "Color photographic paper dye density estimate using wavelength-dependent optical properties." In Electronic Imaging: Science & Technology, edited by Jan Bares. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.236964.

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Muryeti, Faraqh Eka Pratiwi, and Risqi Tri Yuniastuti. "The Effect of Chitosan into Mechanical and Optical Properties of Paper." In Annual Southeast Asian International Seminar. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009884200780082.

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Cooksey, Catherine. "NIST Optical Properties of Materials Capabilities." In Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.2022.thb.10.

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The development of thin-film optics requires tools to interrogate their optical properties. This paper summarizes the National Institutes of Standards and Technology’s capabilities for measuring the optical properties of materials.
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Thrane, Lars, Michael H. Frosz, David Levitz, Thomas M. Jorgensen, Claus B. Andersen, Peter R. Hansen, Jurga Valanciunaite, et al. "Extraction of tissue optical properties from optical coherence tomography images for diagnostic purposes (Invited Paper)." In Saratov Fall Meeting 2004: Optical Technologies in Biophysics and Medicine VI, edited by Valery V. Tuchin. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.634767.

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Falco, Charles M., Patrick A. Kearney, Judith A. Ruffner, and Jon M. Slaughter. "Structure and x-ray optical properties of MBE-grown multilayers (Invited Paper)." In International Symposium on Optical Fabrication, Testing, and Surface Evaluation, edited by Jumpei Tsujiuchi. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.132125.

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Rao, Ruizhong. "Optical properties of atmospheric turbulence and their effects on light propagation (Invited Paper)." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Daren Lu and Gennadii G. Matvienko. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.619494.

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Claessens, Christian G., Gema de la Torre, and Tomas Torres. "The singular optical properties of phthalocyanines: from photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy to nonlinear optical applications (Invited Paper)." In 13th International School on Quantum Electronics: Laser Physics and Applications, edited by Peter A. Atanasov, Sanka V. Gateva, Lachezar A. Avramov, and Alexander A. Serafetinides. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.618437.

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Reports on the topic "Paper Optical properties"

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Baader, Franz, and Marcel Lippmann. Runtime Verification Using a Temporal Description Logic Revisited. Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.203.

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Formulae of linear temporal logic (LTL) can be used to specify (wanted or unwanted) properties of a dynamical system. In model checking, the system’s behaviour is described by a transition system, and one needs to check whether all possible traces of this transition system satisfy the formula. In runtime verification, one observes the actual system behaviour, which at any point in time yields a finite prefix of a trace. The task is then to check whether all continuations of this prefix to a trace satisfy (violate) the formula. More precisely, one wants to construct a monitor, i.e., a finite automaton that receives the finite prefix as input and then gives the right answer based on the state currently reached. In this paper, we extend the known approaches to LTL runtime verification in two directions. First, instead of propositional LTL we use the more expressive temporal logic ALC-LTL, which can use axioms of the Description Logic (DL) ALC instead of propositional variables to describe properties of single states of the system. Second, instead of assuming that the observed system behaviour provides us with complete information about the states of the system, we assume that states are described in an incomplete way by ALC-knowledge bases. We show that also in this setting monitors can effectively be constructed. The (double-exponential) size of the constructed monitors is in fact optimal, and not higher than in the propositional case. As an auxiliary result, we show how to construct Büchi automata for ALC-LTL-formulae, which yields alternative proofs for the known upper bounds of deciding satisfiability in ALC-LTL.
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Poverenov, Elena, Tara McHugh, and Victor Rodov. Waste to Worth: Active antimicrobial and health-beneficial food coating from byproducts of mushroom industry. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600015.bard.

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Background. In this proposal we suggest developing a common solution for three seemingly unrelated acute problems: (1) improving sustainability of fast-growing mushroom industry producing worldwide millions of tons of underutilized leftovers; (2) alleviating the epidemic of vitamin D deficiency adversely affecting the public health in both countries and in other regions; (3) reducing spoilage of perishable fruit and vegetable products leading to food wastage. Based on our previous experience we propose utilizing appropriately processed mushroom byproducts as a source of two valuable bioactive materials: antimicrobial and wholesome polysaccharide chitosan and health-strengthening nutrient ergocalciferol⁽ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2⁾. ᴬᵈᵈⁱᵗⁱᵒⁿᵃˡ ᵇᵉⁿᵉᶠⁱᵗ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉˢᵉ ᵐᵃᵗᵉʳⁱᵃˡˢ ⁱˢ ᵗʰᵉⁱʳ ᵒʳⁱᵍⁱⁿ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ⁿᵒⁿ⁻ᵃⁿⁱᵐᵃˡ ᶠᵒᵒᵈ⁻ᵍʳᵃᵈᵉ source. We proposed using chitosan and vitamin D as ingredients in active edible coatings on two model foods: highly perishable fresh-cut melon and less perishable health bars. Objectives and work program. The general aim of the project is improving storability, safety and health value of foods by developing and applying a novel active edible coating based on utilization of mushroom industry leftovers. The work plan includes the following tasks: (a) optimizing the UV-B treatment of mushroom leftover stalks to enrich them with vitamin D without compromising chitosan quality - Done; (b) developing effective extraction procedures to yield chitosan and vitamin D from the stalks - Done; (c) utilizing LbL approach to prepare fungal chitosan-based edible coatings with optimal properties - Done; (d) enrichment of the coating matrix with fungal vitamin D utilizing molecular encapsulation and nano-encapsulation approaches - Done, it was found that no encapsulation methods are needed to enrich chitosan matrix with vitamin D; (e) testing the performance of the coating for controlling spoilage of fresh cut melons - Done; (f) testing the performance of the coating for nutritional enhancement and quality preservation of heath bars - Done. Achievements. In this study numerous results were achieved. Mushroom waste, leftover stalks, was treated ʷⁱᵗʰ ᵁⱽ⁻ᴮ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʳᵉᵃᵗᵐᵉⁿᵗ ⁱⁿᵈᵘᶜᵉˢ ᵃ ᵛᵉʳʸ ʰⁱᵍʰ ᵃᶜᶜᵘᵐᵘˡᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2, ᶠᵃʳ ᵉˣᶜᵉᵉᵈⁱⁿᵍ any other dietary vitamin D source. The straightforward vitamin D extraction procedure and ᵃ ˢⁱᵐᵖˡⁱᶠⁱᵉᵈ ᵃⁿᵃˡʸᵗⁱᶜᵃˡ ᵖʳᵒᵗᵒᶜᵒˡ ᶠᵒʳ ᵗⁱᵐᵉ⁻ᵉᶠᶠⁱᶜⁱᵉⁿᵗ ᵈᵉᵗᵉʳᵐⁱⁿᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2 ᶜᵒⁿᵗᵉⁿᵗ suitable for routine product quality control were developed. Concerning the fungal chitosan extraction, new freeze-thawing protocol was developed, tested on three different mushroom sources and compared to the classic protocol. The new protocol resulted in up to 2-fold increase in the obtained chitosan yield, up to 3-fold increase in its deacetylation degree, high whitening index and good antimicrobial activity. The fungal chitosan films enriched with Vitamin D were prepared and compared to the films based on animal origin chitosan demonstrating similar density, porosity and water vapor permeability. Layer-by-layer chitosan-alginate electrostatic deposition was used to coat fruit bars. The coatings helped to preserve the quality and increase the shelf-life of fruit bars, delaying degradation of ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity loss as well as reducing bar softening. Microbiological analyses also showed a delay in yeast and fungal growth when compared with single layer coatings of fungal or animal chitosan or alginate. Edible coatings were also applied on fresh-cut melons and provided significant improvement of physiological quality (firmness, weight ˡᵒˢˢ⁾, ᵐⁱᶜʳᵒᵇⁱᵃˡ ˢᵃᶠᵉᵗʸ ⁽ᵇᵃᶜᵗᵉʳⁱᵃ, ᵐᵒˡᵈ, ʸᵉᵃˢᵗ⁾, ⁿᵒʳᵐᵃˡ ʳᵉˢᵖⁱʳᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵖʳᵒᶜᵉˢˢ ⁽Cᴼ2, ᴼ²⁾ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵈⁱᵈ not cause off-flavor (EtOH). It was also found that the performance of edible coating from fungal stalk leftovers does not concede to the chitosan coatings sourced from animal or good quality mushrooms. Implications. The proposal helped attaining triple benefit: valorization of mushroom industry byproducts; improving public health by fortification of food products with vitamin D from natural non-animal source; and reducing food wastage by using shelf- life-extending antimicrobial edible coatings. New observations with scientific impact were found. The program resulted in 5 research papers. Several effective and straightforward procedures that can be adopted by mushroom growers and food industries were developed. BARD Report - Project 4784
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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND OPTIMIZATION OF CHOPPED BASALT FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.251.

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This paper investigated the influence of CBF damage mode of matrix concrete and the strength of matrix concrete under different stress states. The length of basalt fiber is 6 mm. Three basic mechanical properties tests were conducted with five fiber volume admixtures of 0.00%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20% used as the variables. A total of 90 specimens of different sizes were prepared to study the variation rules of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength at different ages of 7d and 28d, the strengthening mechanism of the reinforcing effect of CBF was also analyzed, and the optimal volume fraction of CBFs was obtained. The results can be concluded that (1) the disordered distribution and uniform dispersion of CBF improve the damage morphology of concrete matrix, reflecting a good effect in the enhancing and crack-resisting; (2)The compressive strength and flexural strength increase first and then decrease with increasing of the fiber incorporation amount, and the BFRC reach their strength peak points when the fiber volume ratio is equal to 0.10%; (3) The dispersion of tensile strengths are relatively high, but they still show a trend of slow increasing trend.
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