Journal articles on the topic 'Paper industry Waste disposal Environmental aspects'
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1
Rahman, Nayem. "Toward Achieving Environmental Sustainability in the Computer Industry." International Journal of Green Computing 7, no. 1 (January 2016): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgc.2016010103.
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The computer industry has come under increasing scrutiny in terms of energy consumption, the carbon emissions and e-waste. Shipment of e-waste to developing countries where it is often disposed of in unsafe ways is another major issue. Organizations and individuals have a tendency to throw away or store their aging computer technology assets which is not environmentally sustainable and or cost effective. Implementation of an end-to-end computer and related products' sustainability management strategy by incorporating the reuse of existing technology can make a major impact on the environment. Computer industry sustainability management includes design and development of energy efficient computer products, refurbishing of computer assets, purchasing of green or refurbished components and providing sustainability metrics procedures. By implementing sustainability programs, organizations can contribute in reducing the amount of energy spent to develop new computer technology products, help in reducing carbon emission, keep e-waste out of landfills and recycle them. This paper discusses different aspects of sustainable computer industry program and proposes that computer makers take ownership of disposing of e-waste by following safety standards. The paper also proposes adopting reverse supply chain process for possible reuse, recycle or disposal of computers.
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Little, R. D., P. R. Maul, G. M. Smith, and P. A. Towler. "A Comparison of Hazardous and Solid Radioactive Waste Treatment and Disposal." Energy & Environment 5, no. 3 (September 1994): 255–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x9400500309.
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Comparisons have been frequently drawn between the radioactive and hazardous waste industries. However, they have tended to focus on particular aspects of the industries rather than the totality of waste management practices. In this paper a “cradle to grave” approach is taken, summarising and comparing practices in the two industries at all stages of the waste management cycle in OECD countries. In these countries there has been a convergence of approaches in recent years, with the hazardous waste industry now employing many of the practices which were developed for radioactive waste at a much earlier date. There is increasing emphasis on waste minimisation and volume reduction in both areas, and near surface engineered disposal facilities for the two types of waste now share many common features. The most notable outstanding difference between the two industries is the timescales of concern considered in post-disposal performance assessments. For radioactive waste, the impacts of disposal have been considered for timescales of many thousands, or even millions, of years into the future. The question of whether it is necessary to consider environmental impacts over such extended periods is only now becoming an issue for hazardous wastes.
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Ismail, ElHassan Reda, Ghada Mohamed El-Mahdy, Ahmed Hussein Ibrahim, and Ahmed Osama Daoud. "Towards automated construction for safe disposal of materials waste in the Egyptian construction industry." E3S Web of Conferences 347 (2022): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234702010.
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The solid waste management (SWM) represents one of the most important challenges worldwide in the current period. Also, it contributes to large negative effect on the three aspects of sustainability which are environmental, social and economic sustainability. Approximately 50% of total annual global generated solid waste (SW) is from construction and demolition waste (CDW). The case of CDW in Egypt has become a major challenge, and Egypt encounters many challenges that obstacle the way for development of efficient SWM especially towards ensuring safe disposal of CDW. This paper aims to investigate: (1) the rising problem related to SW in Egypt showing its main causes; (2) CDW percentages in greater Cairo; (3) the unsafe disposal of CDW waste in Egypt through reviewing most recent research papers; and (4) automation in construction techniques that were previously implemented for better CDW management (CDWM). Findings and recommendations of CDWM improvement in Egypt from this study are expected to encourage research on automated construction technique towards ensuring safe disposal of CDW in Egypt which would be of great effect towards improving sustainability levels in the Egyptian construction sector.
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Ganesh, Bharathi, H. Sharada Bai, Ramaswamy Nagendra, and Shivaram Bagade. "Pond Ash: An Alternative Material as Fine Aggregate in Concrete for Sustainable Construction." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 1071–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.1071.
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Consequent upon increased generation of electricity through thermal route involving combustion of pulverized coal/ignite, concurrent generation of fly ash/pond ash in bulk quantities is a matter of serious concern not only because of issues associated with its disposal and utilization, but also because of its threat to public health and ecology. Though a lot of research has been carried out for the effective utilization of flyash like its use in construction industry etc, little literature is available on pond ash utilization particularly its use as a constituent material for concrete in construction industry. Hence pond ash - a waste material, if supplements shortage of fine aggregate (river sand) in mortar and concrete, reduces the demand for disposal of thermal power plant waste, reduces its environmental impact with proper utilization of huge quantity of waste in construction industry. Researches are being carried out worldwide which shows the suitability of Pond Ash as FA. This paper summerises various characteristics of Pond Ash as fine aggregate in concrete with its engineering properties such as its shape, gradation, texture, physical, chemical and also morphological aspects when used in concrete
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Mengistie, Belay Tizazu. "Ethiopia: The Environmental Aspects of Policy and Practice in the Ethiopian Floriculture Industry." Environmental Policy and Law 50, no. 4-5 (March 12, 2021): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/epl-200239.
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The floriculture sector is booming in Ethiopia, making the country the second largest flower exporter in Africa and one of the largest suppliers of flowers globally. Despite the enormous advantages of the Ethiopian floriculture industry to the country’s economy, the industry’s unsustainability related to environmental and human rights is growing. Failure to protect the environment can have profound negative impacts on long-term economic development and human rights, including the right to life, adequate food, water and housing. The floriculture industry has been identified as having the potential to grow and contribute positively to the agricultural transformation and economy of Ethiopia. Policy, laws and regulations play a vital role in the implementation of any regulatory objective. During the last decade, Ethiopia has developed many policies and laws that link to improving the environment, and the flower farm industry itself has adopted self-regulation and standards, enhancing the protection of workers and the environment. But there is increasing evidence that the economic benefits of the flower industry come at the expense of the environment. So, what is the impact of these State and non-State regulations on a safe and clean environment? This paper aims to analyse how, why and under what circumstances environmental policy implementation might work or fail, by investigating the challenges for the floriculture industry relating to the intensive use of pesticides and water, and inappropriate waste disposal in the policy implementation process. It is safe to say that Ethiopia has developed a lot of legislation on the environment but the challenge of effective monitoring and enforcement remains. This paper concludes with recommendations, based on the fact that the principles of environmental rights, the right to life and the right to development cannot be realised in the absence of the right to a healthy environment.
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Eskin, V. D., and A. I. Krivorotova. "Complex processing of wood debarking waste as a factor of environmental safety." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1061, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1061/1/012045.
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Abstract In recent decades, the development of a modern industrial enterprise is impossible without considering the issue of complex processing or disposal of waste of the main production. This issue is very acute for the enterprises of the wood processing industry. The processing of wood waste should be considered not only as a factor of rational and environmentally safe use of forests, but also as a factor providing comprehensive processing of wood without increasing the amount of its harvesting and allowing production of new environmentally safe materials in constructing or other purposes. The paper presents the technological aspects of the production of innovative board composite materials made without binders based on debarking waste of coniferous wood raw materials and the studies` results of its operational properties. The produced composite is completely eco-friendly and biodegradable. The manufacturing technology consists of the mechanical activation of the tree bark in a hydrodynamic dispersant. Thanks to this treatment, the bark particles change their microstructure, acquire a large number of active centers and autocoherent properties, which make it possible to create slab materials based on it without introducing binding components and various types of additives into the composition.
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Cowie, M., K. Mously, O. Fageeha, and R. Nassar. "NORM Management in the oil and gas industry." Annals of the ICRP 41, no. 3-4 (October 2012): 318–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icrp.2012.06.008.
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It has been established that naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) may accumulate at various locations along the oil and gas production process. Components such as wellheads, separation vessels, pumps, and other processing equipment can become contaminated with NORM, and NORM can accumulate in the form of sludge, scale, scrapings, and other waste media. This can create a potential radiation hazard to workers, the general public, and the environment if certain controls are not established. Saudi Aramco has developed NORM management guidelines, and is implementing a comprehensive strategy to address all aspects of NORM management that aim to enhance NORM monitoring; control of NORM-contaminated equipment; control of NORM waste handling and disposal; and protection, awareness, and training of workers. The benefits of shared knowledge, best practice, and experience across the oil and gas industry are seen as key to the establishment of common guidance. This paper outlines Saudi Aramco's experience in the development of a NORM management strategy, and its goals of establishing common guidance throughout the oil and gas industry.
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Yang, Danren, and Jiangang Zhu. "Recycling and value-added design of discarded wooden furniture." BioResources 16, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 6954–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.4.6954-6964.
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In the process of the “green revolution”, individuals have realized the importance of recycling waste materials. However, with ongoing individual changes in lifestyle, the huge resource of discarded wooden furniture is still considerably underutilized. This paper aims to provide new ideas for the recycling of discarded wooden furniture and to create added value to used furniture. Based on the summarization of existing recycling technology and methods, the diversified innovation and reuse of discarded wooden furniture integrating the current aesthetic and demand of people from multiple aspects are analyzed for the purpose of revealing the hidden value of waste materials. Waste recycling is of great importance to the country and enterprises in line with the concept of circular economy. For the sake of further excavating the hidden value of discarded wooden furniture products, the additional in-depth research in optimizing and upgrading green production and manufacturing in furniture industry is called for in the paper.
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Mladenović, Milica, Mica Petković, and Irina Cenić. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS AND LEGAL REGULATIONS OF RECYCLING IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA." KNOWLEDGE - International Journal 54, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij5403397m.
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The topic of waste management and recycling is becoming very important both in our country andthroughout the world. The goal is to emphasize the importance of the environment, its protection and thepreservation of the world around us. Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction. It promotesenvironmental sustainability by removing input raw materials and redirecting waste production into the economicsystem. The question of environmental protection is a question of the future. It is not possible to protect theenvironment if we do not prevent the accumulation of various wastes, the sanctioning of which is constantlypostponed. Urbanization and globalization bring increasing needs of each individual for packaged goods, whichleads to a huge increase in packaging worldwide. The development of industry leads to increased industrial waste.The only way to control waste is recycling treatment. By recycling, in addition to the reduction of waste disposed ofin landfills, we enable re-production, i.e. the use of waste for the re-production of a product. The recycling processhas a huge ecological and economic importance in the system of a country. For a recycling program to work, a large,stable supply of recyclable materials is essential. High-quality recycling can support economic growth bymaximizing the value of waste materials. Three legal options have been used to create such stockpiles: compulsorycollection of recycling, a law on depositing containers and a ban on waste. Compulsory collection laws set recyclingtargets for cities, so a percentage of the material must be diverted from the city's waste stream by a target date. Thecity is responsible for working towards this goal. Recyclable quality not only supports high-quality recycling but canalso bring significant environmental benefits by reducing, reusing and keeping products out of landfills. Anytreatment that is planned to be used in the recycling process must be justified by legal regulations. The keyinstitutional responsibility in the field of waste management lies with the Ministry of Environmental Protection ofthe Republic of Serbia, which, in accordance with the Law on Ministries, performs state administration tasks relatedto: waste management, including hazardous waste, except for radioactive waste; approval of cross-border transportof waste, as well as other tasks specified by law. The paper presents the principle of municipal waste management inthe Republic of Serbia. By reviewing data from abroad, the goals that the Republic of Serbia strives to achieve inthis matter are analyzed, as well as the legal frameworks that regulate the achievement of those goals. The analysisincludes the recycling process itself, its flows, as well as waste management treatments. Concrete ecological andeconomic aspects of recycling that affect life and work in the Republic of Serbia are presented.
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Jaibee, Shafizan, Abd Khalil Abd Rahim, Fariza Mohamad, Saifulnizan Jamian, Sia Chee Kiong, Yokoyama Seiji, and Nik Hisyamudin Muhd Nor. "Review on Current Status of Waste Electric and Electronic Product in Malaysia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 898–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.898.
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In the last years, there is an increasing acknowledgment of our impact on the environment due to our lifestyle, while the need to adopt a more sustainable approach as to our consumption habits emerges as of particular significance. This trend regards industrial sectors affecting the consumption habits and, especially, electronic industry where the short life cycles and the rapidly developing technology have led to increased e-waste volumes, such as discarded electronic equipment. Waste Electric and Electronic Product or E-waste is referred to all kind of electric and electronic equipments and appliances that is thrown by users. The majority of such elements result in landfills because it is inexpensive disposal option. The E-waste has become a matter of concern because of toxic and hazardous present in electronic goods and if not properly managed. This equipments are a complicated assembly of thousand material, many of which one highly toxic such as brominates substances, toxic gases, toxic metals, biologically active material, acids, plastics and plastics additives. However, their partial recyclability, due to their material composition along with the unavoidable restrictions in landfills, has led to the development of retrieval techniques for their recycling and re-use, highlighting the significance of e-waste recycling, not only from a waste management aspect but also from a valuable materials' retrieval aspect. This paper provides an overview of E-waste generation and management in Malaysia, which, with rapid economic growth and urbanization, is becoming a major social and environmental issue. Thus, major concern for E-waste management in Malaysia has addressed to environmental protection, compared to quantity control. The challenge now is to make the practice effectively in the many different contexts in Malaysia.
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Shcherban, Pavel, Alexander Gapchich, Aleksey Zhdanov, and Olga Letunovskaya. "Optimization of excess brines disposal methods at potash mining and processing plants." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, no. 00 (2022): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq211228024s.
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The paper analyzes the positive and negative aspects of various technological solutions of the liquid brines use during the development of polymineral potash ore deposits, considers the problem of determining the choice of the optimal approach by taking into account geological, technical, environmental, and financial factors. The study of the issues of utilization and reduction of the liquid brines components of discharges in the production of potash fertilizers, the simultaneous reduction of valuable components loss with liquid discharges, and, due to this, increasing the production of potash fertilizers, and also the usage in the technology of mine brines, are an urgent and important scientific and engineering challenge of the potash industry. Technologically, several alternative solutions are possible to reduce the number of liquid by-products placed in sludge storages. A set of analytical methods was used in the work, including statistical data processing, modeling, pre-design studies of technological solutions, and assessment of economic costs. Excess brines of potash mining and processing plants are liquid waste obtained during the production of potashfertilizers - MOP ? SOP. The accumulation of excess brines in sludge storage facilities is estimated at millions of cubic meters per year. The expansion of the sludge storage facilities area and the construction of dams are only a temporary solution and associated with risks in design, construction, and operation of hydraulic structures, increasing the risks of brine leakage into open and underground water basins. This makes it necessary to use other methods of brine disposal. Depending on the nature of the processed polymineral potash ores, several methods can be used in combination for the the disposal of excess brines at once: backfiling, osmosis, injection into deep horizons, multistage evaporation. The most optimal combination of brine reduction technologies for potassium-magnesium processing plants raw materials is the following : 60% is disposed by usage of vacuum evaporation units , 20 % - by injecting excessive brines into deep absorbing horizons, 10-20% should be used for backfilling or production of additional products.
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La Scalia, Giada, Manfredi Saeli, Pier Paolo Miglietta, and Rosa Micale. "Coffee biowaste valorization within circular economy: an evaluation method of spent coffee grounds potentials for mortar production." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 26, no. 9 (September 2021): 1805–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-021-01968-0.
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Abstract Purpose Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are biowastes extensively generated within the coffee supply chain. Nowadays, their disposal represents an increasing environmental concern due to its toxicity and organic nature. With the estimated increase of coffee production and consumption in the upcoming years, there is an imperative need to find a proper reverse option, along with a novel industrial application, which allows for the valorization of this coffee by-product within a circular economy perspective. This study aims at investigating a potential reuse of spent coffee grounds to produce novel construction materials to be used for sustainable buildings. Methods After having illustrated the forward flows within the coffee life cycle and the potential reverse flow options, an evaluation method based on multi-criteria analyses was elaborated to test not only the technical but also the environmental and economic performances of novel materials originating from the incorporation of SCG as an aggregate in natural hydraulic lime and geopolymer-based mortars. Moreover, we focus on the reuse of another waste streams— biomass fly ash—deriving from the paper-pulp industry, rarely investigated in both traditional construction applications and in geopolymer manufacture. The two (geopolymer- and lime-based) mortar typologies are here studied and compared as potential green material for applications in construction, with satisfying engineering performance and high insulation attitude, giving a new life to a common organic waste. Consequently, we compare eight formulations by means of multi-criteria approaches that are nowadays claimed as a useful and effective decision aiding support instrument to assess the development of new sustainable construction materials. They permit to consider simultaneously some controversial and often uncertain aspects like technological (as the usual scientific studies do), environmental, and economic (more difficult to easily approach and evaluate). For this purpose, in this paper, we have analyzed the performance of the novel bio-composite mortars using VIKOR and TOPSIS methods to rank a set of alternatives according to various evaluation criteria that often conflict one with each other. Results Results show that adding spent coffee grounds can efficiently improve the technical and sustainable performances of the novel mortars for different applications in the building sector. The presence of SCG increases water absorption and improves the insulation performance along with an environmental impact reduction. The considered technological properties are highly promising—such as the improvement in thermal insulation. In particular, even the addition of only 5% SCG leads to a significant reduction of the thermal conductivity and consequently to a greater insulating performance. Conclusions To date, most of the available literature on recycling SCG in construction materials do not consider mortar-based applications and, moreover, nor multi-criteria approaches. Therefore, our study proposes itself as an innovative track solution to food waste management lowering the employment of non-renewable natural resources and the costs associated to construction material production. At the same time, a novel and innovative way of such waste disposal is suggested, pursuing the sustainability and substantially reducing the environmental impact of construction and building materials. This study is a fundamental step in assessing the applicability of our designed and produced materials and its potentials to be produced at an industrial scale.
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Pawlak, Joel J., Ryen Frazier, Ramon E. Vera, Yuhan Wang, and Ronalds Gonzalez. "Review: The softness of hygiene tissue." BioResources 17, no. 2 (March 22, 2022): 3509–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.2.pawlak.
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The hygiene tissue industry has an extensive global market that is quickly growing. Market research has indicated that softness is one of consumers’ most highly desired properties. For certain hygiene tissue products (specifically bath tissue), this property can influence prices. A better understanding of the science of softness would allow companies to engineer soft tissue more economically and efficiently. Softness is a subjective perception related to physical aspects that make it challenging to express and measure. Human handfeel panel testing, which ranks the specimens through physical tests, has been recognized as the most reliable method to measure tissue softness. Much effort has been expanded in correlating the panel test results with some measurable properties. In this regard, equipment has been recently developed by combining several different mechanical, surface, and acoustic properties to characterize softness. In comparison with panel tests, these instruments (e.g., tissue softness analyzer) have been found to give equivalent softness metrics. A combination of materials selection and manufacturing operations are used to create softer tissue sheets. This paper reviews the sensation of softness as perceived by the human touch, techniques for measuring softness, the influence of fiber on softness, manufacturing techniques, and additives used for softness enhancement.
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Soldak, Мyroslava. "Industrial ecosystem and revitalization of brownfields." Economy of Industry 3, no. 95 (September 15, 2021): 70–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econindustry2021.03.070.
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The creation of climate-neutral industrial ecosystems based on digital leadership determines the movement of advanced countries towards competitiveness on the global stage. Industrial ecosystems of most regions of Ukraine are characterized by a low technological level of key industries and lack of organizational routines that can ensure their transition to a higher technological and resource-efficient level. The problem of forming a modern policy in the field of revitalization of abandoned areas of former industrial use (brownfields), in particular in the field of industrial waste processing, needs an urgent solution. The article is aimed at highlighting the theoretical foundations and practical aspects of creating a new industrial path through the revitalization of brownfields in underdeveloped industrial ecosystems on the example of old industrial mining regions. The paper proposes the use of a bricolage approach to create a new path of development of old industrial mining regions. This approach focuses not on the breakthrough development of the new industry, which is almost impossible in the conditions of insufficient development of industrial ecosystems, but on the gradual process of strategic cooperation of many participants (local and non-local enterprises, research institutes, local authorities, community, national and regional authorities, other stakeholders), coordination and pooling of resources at different levels, which will eventually have to evolve together, thus leading to a favorable institutional environment for the new industry. The establishment of an enterprises for the processing of coal preparation within the framework of the brownfield revitalization project is a kind of a kludge, the temporary adaptation of the community to the complex socio-economic and environmental situation, which is a consequence of the cessation of intensive coal mining, which will make it possible to create new routines of business behavior of institutions and citizens, the best of which in the process of evolutionary selection will be able to adapt to the new challenges of global technological transformations in industry and ecology. The practical implementation of the given approach is primarily represented in the creation of special institutions that are alternatives to the institutional traps of industrial development on the principles of the circular economy and relate to the introduction of more strict measures when implementing European waste management standards in national legislation and additional taxes that force enterprises to recycle waste; emergence of special enterprises (scavengers and decomposers) that use new effective disposal measures to restore and further use brownfields; creation of special community development corporations that promote economic development and environmental sustainability of the territory and ensure broad community participation in the creation of initiatives and decision-making; use of opportunities for Ukrainian integration in the field of innovation, science and education under the Association Agreement signed with the European Union in order to make effective decisions on the revitalization of brownfields.
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Sandquist, David, Armin Thumm, and Alan R. Dickson. "The influence of fines material on the mechanical performance of wood fiber polypropylene composites." BioResources 15, no. 1 (November 26, 2019): 457–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.1.457-468.
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With an increasing interest in a wider scope of biomass feedstocks for biocomposite production, the potential influence of a possibly higher proportion of fines material needs to be addressed. In the pulp and paper industry, at least two major classes of fines material are identified; blocky fines and fibrillar fines. These differ in their aspect ratio, with the later having substantially higher aspect ratio. In this study, the physical impact of blocky fines (from CTMP refining) and fibrillar fines (produced via Super® Masscolloider refining) on a wet formed compression molded polypropylene (PP) matrix biocomposites were compared. The results indicated that in wet formed compression molded polymer matrix composites, both blocky (CTMP) and fibrillar (SMC) fines have a significant negative impact on modulus of rupture (MoR). Additionally, blocky CTMP fines also have a significant negative impact on modulus of elasticity (MoE). It is postulated that this is due to fibril agglomeration, in the case of fibrillar fines, and low aspect ratio in combination with some agglomeration, in the case of blocky CTMP fines. The indication is that fines material that has not been treated to minimize agglomeration has limited benefits as a reinforcing agent, and only a negative impact on most properties in wet formed compression molded polymer matrix composites.
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Nester, Anatolyi, Larisa Tretyakova, Liudmyla Mitiuk, Natalya Prakhovnik, and Arkadii Husev. "Remediation of Soil Containing Sludge Generated by Printed Circuit Board Production and Electroplating." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 76, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.76.4.25460.
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This paper examines the environmental conditions at the premises of printed circuit boards (PCBs) manufacturers, which have electroplating plants. It provides a brief overview of the key aspects of adverse environmental impacts of wastes generated by PCB manufacture and electroplating plants. The aim of this research was to improve the test method for evaluation of wastewater effect on the soil salinity at the premises of PCBs manufacturers. The object of research was the process of extraction and use of copper from wastewater generated by PCBs manufacture and electroplating. As an example, the process of sludge formation during PCBs etching has been reviewed. With the etching line capacity of 14 m2/h, one-shift manufacturing process will result in the production of up to 2,500 kg of sludge monthly. For enterprises with capacities of 2,000–4,000 m2 circuits, this means annual accumulation at their premises of up to 70 tons of wastes in the form of sludge. Estimates suggest that the upper half-meter layer of the aeration zone will be qualified as slightly saline in one year after accumulation of the sludge. In subsequent years, the salt content will increase and saline soil can be found at the depths of 1.5–2 m over ten years of storage. The authors of this paper propose to treat spent etching solutions applying regeneration technology in order to reduce the amount of sludge. With this technology, it is possible to use the extracted metal as a secondary raw material for copper production and re-use the regenerated solution in PCBs etching. This paper provides estimated hazard indices calculated for the storage of sludge at the manufacturer’s premises before and after the implementation of the proposed technology. With regards to findings of the study, it has been proposed to reuse copper recovered from wastes as a raw material for the industry.
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Alsaadi, Naif, and Matthew Franchetti. "The Integrated Life Cycle Assessment and Optimization Approach for Automotive De-manufacturing Systems." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 5, no. 1 (January 25, 2016): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v5i1.8724.
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<p class="jbls"><span lang="EN-GB">The Automotive Recycling Industry is addressing one of the biggest problems that the environment can face, the reuse and recycling of End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV). Improper disposal of wastes can create a big problem to the environment. The purpose of this paper is to use the Integrated </span><span lang="EN-GB">Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) </span><span lang="EN-GB"> and Optimization Approach for Automotive De-manufacturing Systems with the aim of to finding out the most efficient and effective method that can be used to improve global ELV recycling. The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) defines life cycle assessment is a tool that is used for systematic evaluation of the environmental aspects of either a product or service system in the entire stages of its lifecycle. In this research, second hand material research would be used to determine the current methods used for the disposal of the ELVs. Moreover, cost metrics will be used to determine the economic value of the network. This research will look into study background, the problem statement, hypothesis of the study, objectives of the study, literature review and methodology to outline possible research criteria to draw conclusion on the research topic. The research will be very resourceful to the scientific community because it will help to find the optimal location for the centralized processing facility that will minimize cost and avoid hazard in the environment. </span></p>
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Soni, Ghanshyam Das. "ADVANTAGES OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3121.
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Technology is application of knowledge to practical requirements. Green technologies encompass various aspects of technology which help us reduce the human impact on the environment and create ways of sustainable development. Social equitability, economic feasibility and sustainability are the key parameters for green technologies. Today the environment is racing towards the tipping point at which we would have done permanent irreversible damage to the planet earth. Our current actions are pulling the world towards an ecological landslide which if happens would make destruction simply inevitable. Green technologies are an approach towards saving earth. Thus both its positives and negatives need to be investigated. Green technology uses renewable natural resources that never depletes. Green technology uses new and innovative energy generation techniques. Green nanotechnology that uses green engineering and green chemistry is one of the latest in green technologies. One of the important factors for environmental pollution is the disposal of waste. Green technology has answers to that as well. It can effectively change waste pattern and production in a way that it does not harm the planet and we can go green. Among the possible areas where these creations and growth are expected to come from include green energy, organic agriculture, eco-friendly textiles, green building constructions, and manufacturing of related products and materials to support green business. Because this is but new to the industry, it is also expected to attract new customers who will see the many advantages of using green technologies in their homes and others. Besides other forms of green technology in field of generation of energy are done by solar power and fossil fuel. These have no adverse effect on the planet and it won’t replenish. So future generation can also benefit from them without harming the planet. This paper focuses on the advantages of green technology and the benefits that can be accrued out of it.
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Ctets, A. A., and A. M. Chaikun. "Environmental and economic aspects of processing and utilization of waste tires." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 7, no. 1-4 (July 10, 2013): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67760.
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The article provides information about possible directions of use of worn-out tires, which accumulation and disposal are the major environmental problems. The main directions of waste tire usage are, the use of whole tires and pieces of tires, high-temperature destruction of worn-out tires, pyrolysis, the use of waste tires as fuel in the cement industry and to generate energy or heat, regenerate production process, getting the rubber crumb.
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Manuel Monsreal Barrera, Mario, and Oliverio Cruz-Mejia. "Reverse logistics of recovery and recycling of non-returnable beverage containers in the brewery industry." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 44, no. 7 (July 29, 2014): 577–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-08-2012-0258.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the processes of collecting used non-returnable packaging. The objective is to increase the quality and quantity of recycling material used in the production of new packages. Design/methodology/approach – A reverse logistics network is proposed, nevertheless the focus of the study is addressing the collection routing problem. Specifically a new “profitable visit algorithm” (PVA) based on the well-known Nearest Neighbor is proposed and tested, in both real and simulated scenarios, in order to achieve higher volume of collected material while lowering the cost of collection. Findings – The proposed algorithm is set to compete against the well-known Nearest Neighbor. The “PVA” showed a far better performance than the Nearest Neighbor. The latter was assessed with real data in a real scenario and was also confirmed by a simulation. Research limitations/implications – Further research should envisage stochastic models and tighter time constraints. Practical implications – Managers can use the algorithm in similar scenarios to address different routing needs. New business activities could be foreseen by starting a logistics scheme of this type. Additionally, new savings in material procurement processes could be achieved in current operations. Social implications – Social responsibility and environmental awareness can be approached by this type of endeavors. While reducing waste disposal, the recovering of these materials yields savings and offer new labor opportunities for people. Originality/value – The “PVA” introduced in this paper, showed substantial advantages. First it automatically determines the visit frequency for each client. Also, it evaluates whether a visit should be granted or not based on its “profitability.” The latter ensures that even if the routing circuit is broken at any moment, the company will not lose “profit.” Additionally, this research provides performance evaluation in real and simulated scenarios, which is hard to obtain in a single study. Keywords Reverse logistics, Recycling, Routing algorithm, Non-returnable packages, Real scenarios Paper type Research type Resumen Objetivo Objetivo – Este artículo analiza los procesos de recolección deenvases no retornable usados. El objetivo es aumentar la calidad y cantidad de material reciclable usado en la producción de nuevos envasados. Diseño/metodología/enfoque – Se propone una red de logística reversa, no obstante el enfoque del estudio es abordar el problema de la ruta de recolección. Específicamente, se propone un nuevo “algoritmo de visita rentable” basado en el bien conocido Vecino Más Próximo y se testea en ambos escenarios reales y simulados, para poder lograr un volumen más alto de material recolectado y a su vez disminuir los costo de recolección. Hallazgos – El algoritmo propuesto está definido para competir contra el bien conocido Vecino Más próximo. El “algoritmo de visita rentable” mostro un rendimiento mucho mejor que el de Vecino Más próximo. Este último se evaluó con datos reales en un escenario real y también se confirmo a través de una simulación. Limitaciones/implicaciones del estudio – Investigaciones futuras deberían visualizar modelos estocásticos y restricciones de tiempo más limitadas. Implicaciones practices – Administradores pueden usar el algoritmo en escenarios similares para dirigir las diferentes necesidades de la ruta. Nuevas actividades de negocios podrían ser previstas iniciando un esquema logístico de este tipo. Adicionalmente, nuevos ahorros en procesos de material de adquisición podría ser logrado en las operaciones actuales. Implicaciones sociales – La responsabilidad social y conciencia ambiental puede ser abarcado con este tipo de actividad. No sólo se reducen los residuos, pero también la recuperación de estos materiales genera ahorros y ofrece nuevas oportunidades de trabajo para las personas. Originalidad/valor – El “algoritmo visita rentable” introducido en este articulo, mostró ventajas substanciales. Primero, determina automáticamente la frecuencia de visitas para cada cliente. Además, evalúa si una visita basada en su “rentabilidad” debería ser dada o no. Esta última asegura que aunque el circuito de la ruta se quiebra en cualquier momento, la empresa no perderá “ganancias.” Adicionalmente, esta investigación provee evaluaciones de desempeño en escenarios reales y simulados, lo cual es difícil de obtener en un sólo estudio. Tipo de papel Trabajo de investigación Resumo Objetivo Objetivo – Este artigo analisa o processo de coletade embalagens não retornáveis usadas. O objetivo é aumentar a qualidade e as quantidades de materiais recicláveis utilizados na produção de novas embalagens. Desenhos/metodologia/enfoque – Uma rede de logística reversa é proposta, embora o enfoque da pesquisa é abordar o problema da roteamento da coleta. Especificamente, um novo algoritmo de “Profitable Visit” baseado no conhecido Nearest Neighboré proposto Dois cenários são testados, um real e um simulado, com objetivos deatingimento de um volume maior de material coletado e também de diminuir os custos decoleta. Achados – O algoritmo foi proposto para competir com o conhecido Nearest Neighbor. O algoritmo de “Profitable Visit” mostra um rendimento melhor que o Nearest Neighbor. Este último foi avaliado com dadosreais em um cenário real e também confirmado através de simulação. Limitações/implicações da pesquisa – Pesquisas futuras deveriam abordar modelos estocásticos e maiores restrições de tempo. Implicações práticas – Gerentes podem utilizar o algoritmo em cenários similares para gerenciar diferentes necessidades de roteamento de coleta. Novos processos de negócios poderiam ser previstos com base em projetos logísticos deste tipo. Adicionalmente, ganhos adicionais em processos de compra de materiais poderiam ser obtidosem operações presentes. Implicações sociais – A responsabilidade social e a consciência ambiental podem ser abordadas com este tipo de projeto. Junto com a eliminação de resíduos, a recuperação desses materiaistambém gera renda e oferece novas oportunidades de trabalho para as pessoas. Originalidade/valor – O algoritmo Profitable Visit” apresentadoneste artigo mostra vantagens substanciais. Primeiro, determina automaticamente a freqüência de visitas para cada cliente. Também, avalia se uma visita com base na “rentabilidade” deveria ocorrer ou não. Este aspecto assegura que quando o circuito da rota é modificado em qualquer momento, a empresa não perderá seus “ganhos.” Adicionalmente, esta pesquisa fornece avaliações de desempenho em cenários reais e simulados, o que é difícil de ocorrer em um único estudo. Tipo de papel Trabathos de pesquisa
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Fořt, Jan, and Robert Černý. "Transition to circular economy in the construction industry: Environmental aspects of waste brick recycling scenarios." Waste Management 118 (December 2020): 510–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.004.
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Soceanu, Alina, Simona Dobrinas, Anca Sirbu, Natalia Manea, and Viorica Popescu. "Economic aspects of waste recovery in the wine industry. A multidisciplinary approach." Science of The Total Environment 759 (March 2021): 143543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143543.
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Niu, Ru Xuan, Ying Qun Ma, Qun Hui Wang, Bo Yue, Yu Fei Yang, and Hong Zhi Ma. "Environmental Risk Assessment and Environmental Management of Waste Organic Solvents in Electronics Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 768 (June 2015): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.768.595.
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Waste organic solvents have been classified as hazardous waste in many countries because of their toxicity, high volatility and Ignitability. Waste organic solvents are produced in a lot of industries including of the electronics industry. In this industry, organic solvents are used as cleaning agent and developer, which would generate a lot of waste organic solvents. In China, in the management and re-use of waste organic solvents, the current management systems are not completely. So it is need to learn the laws and regulations, treatment and disposal technologies, control standards of waste organic solvents generated in electronics industry in the developed countries. In this paper, based on an organic solvent waste for feature analysis and risk assessment, which generated by the electronics industry, Therefore, the waste organic solvent has a more serious environmental risk and human health risk through the soil and underwater than the air. Forbid the waste organic solvents produced company casual dump, in order to avoid the waste pollution. The evaluation result of the waste organic solvents produced by China's electronics industry is the data basis to obtain relevant management regulations On this basis, put forward the suggestion and management specifications of waste organic solvents, provide strong supports for the revise of the " National Catalogue of Hazardous Wastes ".
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Carvalho, Joana, André Ribeiro, Jorge Araújo, and Fernando Castro. "Technical Aspects of Adsorption Process onto an Innovative Eggshell-Derived Low-Cost Adsorbent." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.648.
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As the current global trend towards more stringent environmental standards, technical applicability and cost-effectiveness became key factors in the selection of adsorbents for water and wastewater treatment. Recently, various low-cost adsorbents derived from agricultural waste, industrial by-products or natural materials, have been intensively investigated. In this respect, the eggshells from egg-breaking operations constitute significant waste disposal problems for the food industry, so the development of value-added by-products from this waste is to be welcomed. The egg processing industry is very competitive, with low profit margins due to global competition and cheap imports. Additionally, the costs associated with the egg shell disposal (mainly on landfill sites) are significant, and expected to continue increasing as landfill taxes increase. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview on the development of low-cost adsorbents derived from eggshell by-products.
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Kubatko, Oleksandr V., Oleksandra V. Kubatko, Tetyana I. Sachnenko, and Odevole O. Oluwaseun. "Organization of Business Activities Taking into Account Environmental and Economic Aspects." Mechanism of an Economic Regulation 2021, no. 2 (2021): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mer.2021.92.08.
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One of the most urgent environmental problems today is the pollution of the environment by emissions of harmful substances and industrial waste. The negative impact on the environment and people is becoming more widespread, and its disposal methods inhibit the development of the economic system. In a market economy, entrepreneurs are not interested in increasing environmental costs, which naturally lead to higher production costs and reduce profits. The impact on the environment is becoming more widespread every year and has led to an ecological crisis in some parts of the world. Waste recycling has been constantly discussed since a person “produces” more than 250 kg of household waste per year. At the enterprise, these figures reach 10 000 kg. In recent years, Ukraine has imported about 30-50 thousand tons of PET granulate, which is gradually accumulating in landfills in the form of packaging, bottles, films. Such hazardous pollutants affect the environment through soil and water. In contrast, Ukraine does not yet have successful experience in waste management. In our opinion, such behavior is the ignorance of the population about waste disposal and replacement of a particular product with a more environmentally friendly one. The functioning of enterprises and farms does not always have the equipment to dispose of waste, and there is no room for the disposal of unnecessary products and raw materials. However, the problem of lack of innovative equipment arises due to a lack of adequate funding. Therefore, the lack of possibilities for a comprehensive solution to the situation creates a barrier, which does not allow to take proper measures to eliminate and reduce the amount of garbage. Despite many regulations and legal frameworks for regulating waste management, there is no cost-effective policy, and there is no regional waste management program and plan for their proper disposal. It can be concluded that the recycling and disposal of waste will reduce the need for waste incineration, create conditions for improving the economic component of the region and the country as a whole with an account of environmental quality standards. The paper pays attention to the essence of waste disposal; identified ways to recycle garbage.
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Cioli, Flavio, Alessandro Abbà, Carlotta Alias, and Sabrina Sorlini. "Reuse or Disposal of Waste Foundry Sand: An Insight into Environmental Aspects." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (June 24, 2022): 6420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136420.
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From a circular economy perspective, the recovery and reuse of waste plays a fundamental role. Foundries purchase hundreds of millions of siliceous sands every year to create molds and cores that give shape to the casting. These sands, after several uses, become waste that must be properly recovered or disposed of; they are called waste foundry sands (WFS). The reuse of WFS leads to a reduction in: (i) the consumption of raw materials; (ii) the emissions into the atmosphere; and (iii) the amount of waste sent to landfill—on the other hand, the impact that their use generates on the environment and human health must be carefully assessed. Leaching tests are a fundamental tool for establishing the hazardousness of a waste and its release of contaminants into the environment. This paper presents an analysis of the scientific literature regarding the chemical characteristics of WFS and their release following leaching tests carried out in the laboratory; the environmental standards adopted by the countries that have issued guidelines regarding the reuse of WFS will also be presented.
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He, Zhengxia, Wenqi Lu, Xin Guo, Wenxing Shen, Xu Wang, Cunfang Li, and Wenbo Li. "Analysis of environmental regulation policy for Chinese paper enterprises." BioResources 15, no. 4 (October 9, 2020): 9894–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.he.
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In the past decade, the Chinese paper industry, which is highly polluting and energy intensive, has shown overall increases in production, sales, income, and profit, although the growth rate has declined. Overall, China’s paper industry exhibits small-scale and scattered distribution, characterized by continuous overcapacity and outdated technical knowledge. This has inevitably resulted in a variety of serious environmental problems during its development. Owing to the environmental problems resulting from the development of the paper industry, various environmental regulatory policies and measures have been adopted in China, mainly command-and-control, market-based, and voluntary policies and measures. This study identifies and analyzes particular issues inherent to China’s environmental regulatory policies and measures regarding the paper industry and proposed policy suggestions for improving the environmental regulation of China’s paper industry.
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Smith, Adrian. "Disposal of acid-bearing and acid-generating sludges in the fertilizer manufacturing industry." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-001.
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Major waste products from fertilizer manufacture are calcine and so-called phosphogypsum, calcium sulphate. The oxidation and leaching of calcine produces a liquid with a high acidity and hence is acid generating. Disposal of phosphogypsum, an acid-bearing waste, is normally effected by construction of a tailings impoundment, similar in nature to those utilized for tailings disposal in the mining industry.This paper addresses the general chemistry, pollution potential, and chemical attack potential of both calcine and phosphogypsum and the impact these have on their disposal. The similarities and differences in the design philosophy for acid-bearing and acid-generating waste facilities are then discussed. Key words: phosphogypsum, acid sludge, fertilizer manufacture, water pollution, waste disposal, calcine, sulphuric acid manufacture.
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Grishina, Nina. "Environmental Aspects of the State of African Coastal Territories." Uchenie zapiski Instituta Afriki RAN 60, no. 3 (September 7, 2022): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2022-60-3-110-118.
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To preserve the ecological balance and health of the population of the African continent, it is necessary to maintain the cleanliness of the surrounding rivers, lakes and ocean coasts. Oil production, transportation of oil and petroleum products inevitably lead to pollution of sea waters due to accidents on tankers, equipment breakdowns, and fires. Oceanic coasts are of great importance for the development of the tourism industry, which plays a significant role in the national economies of African countries. However, many coastal areas are contaminated with industrial and household waste, oil refining waste and sewage. As a result of the growth of cities, the increase in the number of urban residents and the development of industry, a huge number of substances that do not decompose naturally is discharged into water sources. Currently, domestic sewage in most coastal cities does not meet modern sanitary requirements, since the repair of old and the laying of new sewage treatment plants require large financial investments. In the interests of nature and human health, a number of international instruments has been adopted prohibiting the import of hazardous and radioactive waste, as well as the dumping or incineration of hazardous waste in the oceans and inland waters on the African continent. In some African countries, periodic clean-up activities are carried out on ocean and river coasts, but they are ad hoc and do not have a decisive impact on the state of contaminated areas. Experts of international environmental organizations have proposed a set of measures for the conservation and rational use of water resources: construction of wastewater treatment plants; mandatory environmental assessment of all major water management projects; development of measures to eliminate possible damage; control of new industrial installations and industrial waste disposal; design and operation of landfills based on reliable hydrogeological information and environmental expertise. However, these regulations are often violated, and solving the problem of coastal water pollution remains a distant prospect.
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Intan, Bunga, M. Izman Herdiasyah, and Diana Diana. "PEMODELAN PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH KERAJINAN JUMPUTAN PALEMBANG BERBASIS “GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORK”." Jurnal Bina Komputer 1, no. 1 (February 6, 2019): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33557/binakomputer.v1i1.152.
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The role of Green Suply Chain to a company or small and medium industries (IKM) such as the jump industry for environmental sustainability is very important especially in waste processing. One way that can be done is to make a model starting from raw materials obtained then processed to flow again to the user for the formation of an effective process flow called the process of Green Supply Chain Management. Model of Green Supply Chain Mangement waste processing industry waste cloth industry into clean water other than that with the model of Green Supply Chain Mangement can help the government in reducing the environmental damage caused by waste from the industrial waste jumputan. In this paper the research is in the area of craftsmen Mr Palembang Potato. We analyze and develop a model to improve performance in waste disposal processing in the jump industry industry with the main objective of optimizing or minimizing total cost in waste disposal processing
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Mendes, J. M. O. "Legal Aspects of the Disposal of Industrial Wastes on Soil." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0047.
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It is, clearly, a Government responsibility to enact laws and promulgate regulations for control of industrial pollution. The main techniques for soil industrial wastes disposal, namely, landfarming and landfilling, profit from the extensive knowledge acquired, in past decades, in the field of water and air pollution control and must be analysed within a comprehensive system for hazardous waste management, with its legal and administrative aspects. This paper presents some general principles of a Hazardous Waste Management System, which are broadly applicable, regardless differences between States or Countries. Finally, it discusses the specific case of Hazardous Wastes Management in the State of Bahia, Brazil and makes some suggestions for its improvement.
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Havryshko, Marianna, Olena Popovych, and Halyna Yaremko. "Ecological aspects of modernization of alcohol industry enterprises at the present stage of development." Environmental Problems 5, no. 3 (2020): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ep2020.03.179.
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At the present stage of development, the entire world industry has faced the problem of rational use of renewable natural resources, in particular the most efficient ways of wastewater treatment and the use of accumulated waste in the production process as a secondary raw material. In particular, the alcohol industry, as one of the components of food, medical, chemical and various industries,leads to the formation of huge amounts of waste, including wastewater. The food industry, like any other industry, has a negative impact on the environment. Water bodies are the most affected by the food industry. Almost the first place in terms of water consumption per unit of production is the production of alcohol. Consumption of large amounts of water leads to the formation of wastewater, which is highly polluted and adversely affects the environment. Due to the high chemical and biological consumption of oxygen, specific color and odor, suspended solids, low pH value, the purification of such waste in the filtration fields and discharge into water bodies is not possible. The purpose of our work is: 1) conducting the analysis of the alcohol industry potential in Ukraine in recent years, and methods of waste disposal as a potential source for the development of bioenergy. 2) environmental aspects of the alcohol industry modernization at present stage of development and implementation of modern wastewater treatment technologies.
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Chanturiya, Valentine A., Eugenia A. Krasavtseva, and Dmitriy V. Makarov. "Electrochemistry of Sulfides: Process and Environmental Aspects." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 8, 2022): 11285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811285.
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One of the main sources of non-ferrous and precious metals is sulfide ores. This paper presents a review of the existing literature on the electrochemical properties of some of the most common industrial sulfides, such as pentlandite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, pyrrhotite, pyrite, etc. The study results of the surface redox transformations of minerals, galvanic effect, cathodic oxygen reduction reaction on the surface of sulfides are presented. The electrochemical properties of sulfide minerals are manifested both in the industrial processes of flotation and hydrometallurgy and in the natural geological setting or during the storage of sulfide-containing mining, mineral processing, and metallurgical industry waste.
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Chen, Zicheng, Xiaopeng Yue, Zhibin He, and Lanhe Zhang. "China’s new regulations on waste paper importing and their impacts on global waste paper recycling and the papermaking industry in China." BioResources 13, no. 3 (May 2, 2018): 4773–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.3.4773-4775.
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China is the largest waste paper importing market in the world. Due to more and more demands and awareness of environment/ safety issues, in recent years the Chinese government has implemented a number of new regulations on waste paper importing, for example, prohibiting importing of unsorted waste paper and lowering the foreign (non-paper) content in the imported waste paper from 1.5% to 0.5%. Small-scale (less than 50,000 tons per year capacity) paper mills are not eligible for importing waste paper. These new regulations have had profound impacts on the global waste paper recycling practice and the papermaking industry in China. At the same time, these new regulations bring up new challenges to the global waste paper recycling practices, such as increased labor costs and decreased recycling efficiency.
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Alagbe, Oluwole. "Architectural Solution to Economic and Environmental Challenges: The Generic Plastic Villa." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 11 (December 27, 2017): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v4i11.2852.
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This paper proposes the use of waste plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles as a construction entity instead of standardised bricks. Waste plastic bottles are a major cause of solid waste disposal. Today, the construction industry is in need of finding cost-effective materials for increasing the strengths of structures. The benefits of the use of PET bottles are improved ductility in comparison with raw blocks and inhibition of crack propagation after its initial formation. One of the main disadvantages in construction of houses is the high cost involved. Plastic bottle is considered as an urban junk with sustainability characteristics that can be used for construction of buildings. This paper investigates the application of plastic bottles for sustainable development. The solution offered in this paper is one of the answers to the long-standing menace of unemployment, waste disposal and poor conditions of living. Keywords: Plastic bottle, sustainable material, sustainable development, urban wastage, construction material.
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Ehman, Nanci, and María Cristina Area. "Bioplastics are revolutionizing the packaging industry." BioResources 16, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 4663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.3.4663-4666.
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The production of bioplastics is a growing trend. The utilization of renewable sources, in some cases currently wasted, to replace petroleum derivatives, is providing opportunities to achieve more environmentally friendly product life cycles. The possibility of producing biodegradable products under normal environmental conditions is another goal of recent studies. This editorial summarizes current aspects in the production of bioplastics. We highlight new studies that make it possible to obtain biodegradable composites using a natural, renewable, high availability, and low-cost material, such as cellulose.
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Tokarevskyi, O., K. Fuzik, S. Kondratiev, and Z. Alekseeva. "Analysis of Safety Aspects of Disused Sealed Radiation Source Disposal." Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 2(86) (June 12, 2020): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2020.2(86).09.
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Sealed radiation sources (SRS) are extensively used worldwide in agriculture, industry, medicine and different research areas.
If further use of SRS is not envisaged, and the decision is made on declaration of these disused SRSs (DSRS) as radioactive waste (RW), then legislative and regulatory requirements for RW management are fully applicable from that point.
Since DSRSs have essential distinctions from other types of RW, in particular, high specific activity, it is critically important to ensure safe management of DSRS, declared as RW, at all stages of their management including disposal. DSRS disposal as RW is the final phase of SRS lifecycle and final stage of their safe and reliable management.
In this paper, there are considered safety issues for management of DSRS, declared as RW. Approaches to DSRS disposal recommended by IAEA, advantages and drawbacks of different disposal options for DSRS are analyzed.
DSRS disposal needs shall be considered taking into account safety requirements for RW disposal. First, DSRS shall be attributed to specific RW class to address respective disposal needs. This is a challenging issue because the approaches for categorization of SRS and classification of RW are essentially different.
DSRS declared as RW may be disposed of either together with other RW in the existing or planned RW disposal facilities, or in the disposal facilities designed and constructed specially for DSRS.
Current situation with DSRS management in Ukraine is analyzed. DSRS management strategy in Ukraine envisages their long-term storage in the centralized facility for 50 years with subsequent transfer for disposal. At that, there are neither specified disposal facilities where DSRS will be disposed of, nor established generic waste acceptance criteria for DSRS disposal. Recommendations on further steps for solving challenging issues related to safe disposal of DSRS in Ukraine are provided.
Solution of a set of challenging issues related to DSRS management revealed in the paper will promote implementation of comprehensive approach to safe disposal of DSRS in Ukraine.
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Beigh, Mohd Ovais. "Study on Influence of Use of Waste Cooking and Engine Oil on the Properties of Bituminous Concrete." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 844–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38070.
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Abstract: Bitumen is defined as a gelatinous viscid mixture of hydrocarbons attained naturally or as a residue from petroleum refinement which is used for pavement materialization and roofing. Bitumen is employed as a binder for flexible pavements throughout the globe. Though bitumen is non-hazardous under normal conditions but when heated it becomes toxic and has consequences of environmental degradation. Also, bitumen being a product of non-renewable source of energy i.e. petroleum will led to depletion of petroleum reserves. It is a key challenge in highway industry to scale back the dependence on fossil fuels & to recycle the highway waste. The asphalt industry is undoubtedly a sector that contains a sustainable environmental impact, one amongst the main component being binder, bitumen, which is produced from petroleum. Bitumen generation results in enormous amounts of carbon dioxide emission which causes hazardous environmental impact. This research work is about the employment of waste oils as the alternative binders. The waste oils employed are waste cooking and waste engine oil. These are studied and analyzed as a step towards sustainable environment. This project work will provide an alternative or modified binder as well as will serve with the better way for safe disposal of waste oils generated. Thus, this project is beneficial concerning both the environmental aspects of alternative binder and safe disposal of waste oils. Keywords: Pavements, Bitumen, Engine Oil, Cooking Oil, Addition Percentage, Highway Industry.
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Tallin, J. E., D. E. Pufahl, and S. L. Barbour. "Waste management schemes of potash mines in Saskatchewan." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 4 (August 1, 1990): 528–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-061.
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Saskatchewan's potash industry, when operating at capacity, produces 28 × 106 t of salt tailings and 11 × 106 m3 of concentrated brine per year. As a result, in excess of 250 × 106 t of tailings and lesser amounts of brine are stored on the ground surface in waste disposal basins consisting of a system of ponds and dykes. While the substantial quantities of solid waste represent an enormous task for eventual decommissioning, it is the seepage of brine into the surrounding soil and groundwater that is presently of most concern. Four general models are proposed to illustrate the role of hydrogeology in the selection of techniques for containment of potash wastes. This paper reviews waste management schemes in the Saskatchewan potash industry over the past 27 years and presents observations and qualitative evaluations of waste disposal practice of four mines that are representative of the proposed hydrological models. The four case histories identify problems that are common to all mines. The importance of design, operation, and proper monitoring programs is emphasized. The study found that a combination of different seepage barriers have been reasonably successful in preventing serious brine contamination. Shortcomings, where they exist, have been caused largely by unsatisfactory design and construction practices. These inadequacies are of concern to the industry and government regulatory agencies, but they have not yet seriously impeded orderly potash waste disposal. Key words: waste management, potash tailings, brine disposal, brine containment, seepage barriers, seepage control, refining practices, brine ponds.
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Falkowska, Aleksandra. "Environmental Regulations and Trade Patterns in Hazardous Waste: Facility-level Analysis." Review of European Studies 10, no. 3 (July 17, 2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v10n3p78.
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This paper offers a fresh look at the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) in the context of the waste management industry. Unlike previous research examining trade in waste products, the present study distinguishes between waste destined for final disposal and waste destined for recovery. Furthermore, it combines very disaggregated data with the highly flexible mixed logit model and a reliable measure of environmental policy stringency. Including all those elements in one analysis allowed for the uncovering of the dramatic differences in the reactions of waste generators to the environmental policy stringency of the destination country, depending on the treatment option their waste is slated for. Although there is no evidence confirming the PHH, a significant pollution haven effect has been found. This effect is apparent in the case of waste destined for final disposal. In contrast, facilities exporting waste for recovery are often attracted by the stringency of environmental policy.
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Pento, Tapio. "Industrial Ecology of the Paper Industry." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1999): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0690.
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Industrial ecology (IE) is a biological concept applied to industrial structures. The basic concepts of IE include regional, intra-firm and product-based waste recycling systems as well as the principle of upward and downward cascading. In best current examples of regional systems, several parties are in an industrial waste re-use symbiosis. Paper industry has learned to arrange the recovery and re-use of its products on distant markets, even up to a level where indications of exceeding optimal recovery and re-use rates already exist through deteriorated fibre and product quality. Such occurrences will take place in certain legislative-economic situations. Paper industry has many cascade levels, each with their internal recovery and recycling, as well as many intra-firm, regional, and life cycle ecology structures. As an example of prospects for individual cascading routes, sludges may continue to be incinerated, but the route to landfills will be closed. The main obstacles of legislative drive toward better IE systems are in many cases existing laws and political considerations rather than economic or technical aspects. The study and practice of engineering human technology systems and related elements of natural systems should develop in such a way that they provide quality of life by actively managing the dynamics of relevant systems to reduce the risk and scale of undesirable behavior and outcomes. For the paper industry, earth systems engineering offers several development routes. One of them is the further recognition of and research on the fact that the products of the industry are returned back to the carbon cycle of the natural environment. Opportunities for modifying current earth systems may also be available for the industry, e.g. genetically modified plants for raw materials or organisms for making good quality pulp out of current raw materials. It is to be recognized that earth systems engineering may become a very controversial area, and that very diverse political pressures may determine its future usefulness to the paper industry.
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Vagliasindi, Federico G. A., and Susan R. Poulsom. "Waste Generation and Management in the Semiconductor Industry: A Case Study." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 9 (May 1, 1994): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0501.
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The production of semiconductors is an extremely complex process involving the deposit of several layers on silicon wafers, patterning the layers through photolithography and adding dopants to alter the conductivity. The process generates gaseous, liquid and solid waste streams consisting of many diverse and toxic components including toxic organics, variable pH, fluoride and arsenic. This paper presents the results of a study which investigated the manufacturing processes of semiconductors, including: generated pollutants, applicable regulations in the USA, waste minimization practices, and waste treatment and disposal alternatives. As part of this investigation, a case study was conducted on the waste generation and management of a semiconductor facility located in the USA.
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Gargi Sharma and Neelam Agarwal. "Analytical Study of Sources of Textile Waste for Its Upcycling." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 6, no. 6 (November 28, 2022): 677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06i06.112.
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In recent years, there have been increasing concerns in the disposal of textile waste around the globe. The growth of textile markets not only depends on population growth but also depends on economic and fashion cycles. The fast fashion cycle in the textile industry has led to a high level of consumption and waste generation. Textile waste is a material that's supposedly unworkable for its original purpose by the proprietor. Textile waste is produced in every phase of the cloth manufacturing process like spinning, weaving, dyeing, finishing, garment manufacturing and indeed at the consumer end.The textile industry has two sections, the study has been conducted one is the textile industry and second is the apparel industry. This paper consists of information about the textile industry, textile waste, garments waste. Also, the reason behind this problem has been discussed in this paper and how it can be resolved for the least harm to the environment. Various methods to reduce textile waste are also discussed such as Prolonging the life of your clothes, preventing textile waste starts with buying less, Repair, Upcycle, Swap, Donate, Recycle and Buy less and make it last. Data was collected from the study that has been conducted through the secondary sources by studying the research paper related to textile waste titles. 5 Garments Export Houses were interviewed for this research paper. A brief understanding of upcycling of textile waste and discarded garments is discussed in this paper.
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Cook, L. G., K. M. Harrower, and A. P. Mackey. "Biological Aspects of Water Management." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0056.
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This paper firstly reviews the microbiological aspects of the accumulation of xenobiotic and non-xenobiotic substances from industrial and domestic waste water treatments, with particular reference to hydrocarbons, pesticides and inorganic plant nutrients. The paper goes on to argue that if water bodies are to be used to establish recreational fisheries as well as for water supply and effluent disposal, then the management aim may need to be one of controlled eutrophy. Ramifications of this proposal are considered. The biological aspects of the impact of other recreational and amenity uses of water bodies on water and environmental quality is briefly described. The paper concludes by discussing the training required by potential water managers.
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Zhang, Kai, Chao Jun Wu, Jia Chuan Chen, and Gui Hua Yang. "Some Properties and Disposal Process of Paper Sludge." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 3262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.3262.
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Some properties of paper sludge were analyzed, including water content, organic material content, pH value, fiber content, ash content,C,H,O,N,S and metal content in dried sludge. The results showed that water content was high, organic material content was high, pH value was in a neutral level, metal elements were varied. Besides, calorific value was detected in a thermal power plant.Disposal of residue wastes from pulp and paper mills is a paramount issue facing the world today. Paper sludge is the solid waste from papermaking industry. The sludge treatment and disposal process will bring about environmental pollution. Therefore,much attentions should be paid to disposal of paper sludge. It is expected that this paper can provide deep insights into the disposal of paper sludge.
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Mihajlović, Ivan. "Burden of industrial waste and potential for recycling: technological, economic and environmental aspects." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/picbe-2017-0006.
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Abstract Many benefits resulting from the development of the heavy industry are, unfortunately, accompanied by many issues resulting from the process of generating the industrial waste. This manuscript is presenting the environmental consequences, resulting from long period of time of heavy industry production and exploring the possibilities to recycle some of the industrial waste generated during the period of more than one century of ore excavation and copper extraction in the region of Eastern Serbia, in the vicinity of city of Bor. First part of the manuscript is presenting the scope of environmental issues, resulting from the heavy industry in this region and the amounts and the structure of the industrial waste, generated in this area, as well as the influence of generated waste to the environment of the region. Second part of the manuscript is dealing with the potential to recycle and reuse some of this waste, analyzing technological, economic and environmental aspects at the same time. In the final segment of the paper, some practical examples will be addressed based on the research work conducted at both experimental and industrial level. Results presented in the manuscript are mostly collected during long term research of the project team from Technical faculty in Bor, University of Belgrade, in the field of environmental management. This way, this manuscript is based on review of the research papers authored or co-authored by the author of this work, dealing with water, soil and air pollution, published in leading international journals. Also, the manuscript is presenting the literature review of other international issues dealing with the environmental management issues in the vicinity of large industrial complexes. Parts of the research results, presented in this manuscript are financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological development of Republic of Serbia, under the project TR34023.
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Tait, J. C., P. J. Hayward, and J. S. Devgun. "Technologies for the containment, immobilization, and disposal of radioactive wastes." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 16, no. 4 (August 1, 1989): 444–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l89-074.
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Atomic Energy of Canada Limited is developing methods for the management and safe disposal of radioactive wastes. These wastes range from the highly radioactive (high-level) UO2 fuel arising from the nuclear generation of electrical power to the low- and intermediate-level wastes arising from research in various Canadian institutions using radioactive isotopes. This paper reviews the current research programs on materials and processes for the immobilization and containment of UO2 fuel wastes and the technical aspects of programs demonstrating the various technologies needed for implementing a disposal program for low-level wastes. Key words: waste management, radioactive, nuclear fuel waste, high-level waste, low-level waste, disposal, immobilization, glass, containment, siting, land burial, geological disposal.
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Liang, Chih-Chin, and Jia-Ping Lee. "Carbon footprint model for reverse logistics of waste disposal in interior design industry." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 30, no. 4 (September 10, 2018): 889–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-01-2018-0035.
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Purpose Due to the increasing awareness of the need to protect the environment, reverse logistics (RL) is being promoted to improve the ecological sustainability of production. RL can lower the costs of waste disposal, increase market competitiveness, and maintain a good corporate image. Hence, modern companies are focusing on environmental protection to demonstrate social responsibility. According to the OECD report of 2003, buildings consume 32 percent of resources, 12 percent of water, and 40 percent of energy worldwide, and the building waste comprises almost 40 percent of the all waste in the world. Therefore, controlling waste from the interior design sector may help slow global warming. This paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This investigation models the current and new RL of disposing interior design waste in Taiwan. Modeling the carbon footprint (CF) of disposing interior design waste can help companies be aware of the environmental impact of disposing of waste, and how to improve it through RL. This investigation models the CFs of disposing interior design waste based on studies from Benjaafar et al. (2013), Pishvaee et al. (2009, 2010), and Tascione et al. (2014). Findings Analytical results showed that the RL significantly decreases the environmental impact of wastes. Companies can control carbon emission through the findings of this study and find how to improve their recycling process through RL. Research limitations/implications This study used the model proposed by Tascione et al. (2014) to develop an RL model for Taiwan. Whereas most studies in the literature analyze the carbon emissions from the comparison between cost and benefit, this study considered the logistics for the whole lifecycle of a product. The analytical results of this study reveal that that RL can reduce the environmental impact of wastes. This case study is the first to obtain results that can be extended to other countries. This study also reveals the importance of recycling plants that can process demolition waste for reuse. Originality/value This is the first study to model the RL based on literatures. The findings of this study can be extended to other cases.
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Kieliszek, Marek, Kamil Piwowarek, Anna M. Kot, and Katarzyna Pobiega. "The aspects of microbial biomass use in the utilization of selected waste from the agro-food industry." Open Life Sciences 15, no. 1 (October 22, 2020): 787–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2020-0099.
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AbstractCellular biomass of microorganisms can be effectively used in the treatment of waste from various branches of the agro-food industry. Urbanization processes and economic development, which have been intensifying in recent decades, lead to the degradation of the natural environment. In the first half of the 20th century, problems related to waste management were not as serious and challenging as they are today. The present situation forces the use of modern technologies and the creation of innovative solutions for environmental protection. Waste of industrial origin are difficult to recycle and require a high financial outlay, while the organic waste of animal and plant origins, such as potato wastewater, whey, lignin, and cellulose, is dominant. In this article, we describe the possibilities of using microorganisms for the utilization of various waste products. A solution to reduce the costs of waste disposal is the use of yeast biomass. Management of waste products using yeast biomass has made it possible to generate new metabolites, such as β-glucans, vitamins, carotenoids, and enzymes, which have a wide range of industrial applications. Exploration and discovery of new areas of applications of yeast, fungal, and bacteria cells can lead to an increase in their effective use in many fields of biotechnology.
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Nnaji, Charles Chidozie. "Status of municipal solid waste generation and disposal in Nigeria." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 26, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-08-2013-0092.
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Purpose – This paper examined the current status of municipal solid waste management across Nigeria. The core aspects covered are generation, characterization, collection, scavenging, open dumping, disposal and environmental implications of poor solid waste management. The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive overview of the current state of municipal solid waste management in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – This study was executed by a combination of an extensive literature search and field study. Solid waste generation rates for 31 Nigerian cities were obtained from literature. In addition, characteristics of municipal solid waste from 26 Nigerian cities were also obtained from literature. Other aspects such as characterization of solid waste obtained from final dumpsite and heavy metals accumulation in solid waste dumpsites were undertaken first hand. Findings – Solid waste generation rate was found to vary from 0.13 kg/capita/day in Ogbomosho to 0.71 kg/capita/day in Ado-Ekiti. Factors affecting solid waste generation rates were identified. Typically, food waste was found to constitute close to 50 percent of overall municipal solid waste in Nigerian cities. This study shows that the rate of generation of plastics, water proof materials and diapers has assumed an upward trend. Due to the dysfunctional state of many municipal waste management authorities, many cities have been overrun by open dumps. For instance, more than 50 percent of residents of Maiduguri in northern Nigeria and Ughelli in southern Nigeria dispose of their waste in open dumps. Indiscriminate disposal of waste has also resulted in the preponderance of toxic heavy metals in agricultural soils and consequent bioaccumulation in plants as well as groundwater contamination. Research limitations/implications – The main limitation of this research is municipal waste management authorities do not have relevant data. Hence, there was heavy reliance on published materials. The status of waste management in Nigeria is very deplorable and therefore poses serious threats to public and environmental health. There is urgent need for both government and individuals to adopt holistic and sustainable waste management strategies in order to safeguard public/environmental health. Practical implications – Findings from this paper can form a veritable resource for the formulation and implementation of sustainable municipal solid waste management framework and strategies in Nigeria. Originality/value – While most studies on municipal solid waste management in Nigeria are focussed on selected cities of interest, this particular study cuts across most cities of Nigeria in order to present a broader and holistic view of municipal solid waste management in Nigeria. The paper has also unraveled core municipal solid waste management challenges facing Nigerian cities.