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Journal articles on the topic 'Papaver somniferum'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Popovec, M., and J. Balčák. "Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Major." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 40, No. 1 (November 23, 2011): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6089-cjgpb.

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2

Pitman-Redmon, Rosemary. "Liver Fungus; Papaver Somniferum." Appalachian Heritage 23, no. 2 (1995): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aph.1995.0105.

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3

Haas, L. F. "Papaver somniferum (opium poppy)." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 58, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.58.4.402.

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4

Bǎrǎ, Ion I., and Eckard Welimann. "Papaver somniferum - achievements, incertitudes, expectations." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 54, no. 2 (2014): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1985.017.

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The poppy (<em>Papaver somniferum</em> L.) has had in the past, has now and will have in the future a special position among medicinal plants. It is of increasing scientific interest due to its utility, aesthetic, alimentary and pharmaceutical values. At present we possess much information on this plant from the fields of biochemistry, morphology, genetics and pharmacy.
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5

Masihuddin, Masihuddin, MA Jafri, Aisha Siddiqui, and Shahid Chaudhary. "TRADITIONAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE OF UNANI MEDICINE AN UPDATED REVIEW." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5-s (October 15, 2018): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.2069.

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Papaver somniferum commonly known as Khashkhash /Afyon, belongs to family Papaveraceae. It is one of those traditional plants, which have a long history of usage as medicine. The opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) produces some of the most widely used medicinal alkaloids like morphine, codeine, thebain and porphyroxine which are the most important component of this plant. Apart from these alkaloids, opium poppy produces approximately eighty alkaloids belonging to various tetrahydrobenzylisoquinolinederived classes. It has been known for over a century that morphinan alkaloids accumulate in the latex of opium poppy. According to Unani literature, it possesses most important theurapeutic values as modern literature and research studies also prove its therapeutical importance. It is used as analgesic, narcotic, sedative, stimulant as well as nutritive, etc. It is also useful in headache, cough, insomnia, cardiac asthma, and biliary colic. In this paper we have provide a review on habitate, pharmacological actions, phytochemical with special refrence to Unani Medicine. In this review, an attempt is made to explore the complete information of Papaver somniferum including its phytochemistry and pharmacology. Key words: Khashkhash, Biliary colic, Alkaloid, phytochemistry.
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6

Chaudhuri, Prabir K., and Raghunath S. Thakur. "Narceinone, an alkaloid from Papaver somniferum." Phytochemistry 28, no. 7 (January 1989): 2002–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)97912-3.

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7

Raie, M. Y., and Salma. "Sesamum indicum and Papaver somniferum Oils." Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel 87, no. 6 (1985): 246–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lipi.19850870609.

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8

Kolařík, Pavel, Jiří Rotrekl, and Karla Kolaříková. "Efficacy of biological formulations against Neoglocianus maculaalba and Dasineura papaveris in Papaver somniferum." Plant Protection Science 55, No. 2 (February 17, 2019): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/25/2018-pps.

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The effectiveness of selected insecticides against capsule weevils (Neoglocianus maculaalba) and capsule midges (Dasineura papaveris), which are the main pests of breadseed poppy, was verified in a small-plot field experiment in 2015–2017. The effect of foliar application was evaluated according to boreholes on capsule surfaces caused by the feeding of capsule weevil adults and larvae numbers in capsules collected approximately 4 weeks after application. Biological efficacy of the tested biological formulations Spintor (active ingredient spinosad 240 g/l) in dosage 0.4 l/ha and NeemAzal T/S (active ingredient azadirachtin A 10.6 g/l) in dosage 3 l/ha against N. maculaalba larvae in individual years of monitoring ranged from 46.4% to 77.7% and from 67.7% to 82.9%, respectively. The effect of the formulation Prev B2 (boron ethanolamine corresponding to 2.1% of water-soluble boron) in 0.3% dosage was in the range of 59.5–81.9%. Their efficacy did not differ significantly compared to the registered chemical standards Biscaya 240 OD (active ingredient thiacloprid 240 g/l) and Decis Mega (active ingredient deltamethrin 50 g/l). Therefore, these biological insecticides are potentially useful for the effective control of N. maculaalba and D. papaveris population densities and reduction of damage they cause to breadseed poppy.
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9

Patra, N. K., and S. P. Chauhan. "Genetic components of chromosome behaviour in Papaver somniferum L." Genome 30, no. 5 (October 1, 1988): 677–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g88-114.

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Three nuclear variables, namely chiasma frequency, internuclear variation of chiasmata, and numerical deviations in the chromosomes of pollen mother cells, referred to as meiotic lability, were studied in 5 × 5 diallel crosses of Papaver somniferum L. Chiasma frequency and meiotic lability were controlled by both additive and dominant gene actions and internuclear chiasmata variance was controlled by the dominant component. High values for chiasma frequency and meiotic lability were dominant over their low values, whereas low values of internuclear variation of chiasmta were dominant over the corresponding high values.Key words: chromosome behaviour, genetic components, Papaver somniferum.
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10

Rezaei, Mahdi, Mohammad Reza Naghavi, Abdol Hadi Hoseinzadeh, Alireza Abbasi, and Babak Jahangiri. "Study of Karyological Characteristics in Papaver bracteatum and Papaver somniferum." CYTOLOGIA 79, no. 2 (2014): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.79.187.

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11

Santos, Djair Teixeira, Veronika Wittmann, Victoria Arrifano Moraes, Debora Koffke Alves, Kleber Peixoto da Cunha Junior, Leoni Bonamin, Fabiana Rodrigues Santana, Daniele Di Marco, and Cideli de Paula Coelho. "Role of high dilutions in anesthetic recovery in dogs." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 14, no. 2 (August 27, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v14i2.795.

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Introduction: Post-operative period has been associated with risks like depression of cardiorespiratory system, hypothermia etc., especially under influence of anesthesia. Therefore, short anesthetic recovery in important. Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether homeopathic drug Papaver somniferum 30cH can help reducing the duration of post-surgery anesthesia, and whether there is any change in cardiac rhythm and body temperature. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 16 dogs submitted for sterilization surgery in the Veterinary Hospital of University of Santo Amaro. The animals were divided in three groups: Group-I: treated with Papaver 30cH (n=7); Group-II: treated with 10% hydroalcoholic solution (n=5) (positive control); and Group-III: negative controls (who did not take anything)(n=4). Four drops of drug/placebo were given per os, immediately after the surgery, repeated every 15 min until dog became conscious. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA followed by the Tuckey Krammer Test, p ≤0.05 being significant. Results: The results showed that animals treated with Papaver returned from anesthesia (20 ± 2.80 minutes) faster than the hydroalcoholic group (34±6.49 minutes), p≤0.05. No statistical difference was seen between the positive and negative control. There was no statistical difference between the groups in cardiorespiratory and temperature parameters. Discussion: Other studies have shown similar effects using Veratrum album. The Papaver somniferum has remarkable pharmacological action in bradycardia, bradypnea, respiratory smooth muscle, with sedative and analgesic properties. Conclusion: The Papaver somniferum 30cH may be considered as a medicinal aid in the shortening the post-surgical anesthesia time, however more studies are needed to establish this observation.
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12

Ilahi, I., and M. Jabeen. "CALLUS AND PLANTLET INDUCTION IN PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM." Acta Horticulturae, no. 212 (September 1987): 697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1987.212.119.

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13

Tetenyi, P. "BIODIVERSITY OF PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM L. (OPIUM POPPY)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 390 (November 1995): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1995.390.27.

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14

Cotterill, P. J., and I. G. Pascoe. "Downy mildew of Papaver somniferum in Tasmania." Australasian Plant Pathology 27, no. 4 (1998): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap98030.

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15

Kumar, G., and S. Naseem. "EMS induced intercellular chromatin transmigration in Papaver somniferum L." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 49, No. 2 (May 16, 2013): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/85/2012-cjgpb.

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The phenomenon of chromatin migration was observed during microsporogenesis in an ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) treated population of poppy, which is an important medicinal plant. Cytomixis occurred through a cytoplasmic channel or by direct fusion of pollen mother cells (PMCs); the former was more recurring than the latter. The process was associated with irregular meiosis. PMCs with differing chromosome numbers from the normal diploid number (2n = 22) through cytomixis may lead to the production of aneuploid and polyploid gametes. An increase in the concentration of EMS had a positive effect on the percentage of PMCs showing cytomixis. In addition to cytomixis, other chromosomal abnormalities were also found. Cytomixis along with the related chromosomal abnormalities largely affected the post-meiotic products resulting in some pollen sterility.
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16

Wrońska, Barbara. "The biometrical-experimental examinations of fungi of Peronospora genus, affecting the representatives of Papaver L." Acta Mycologica 16, no. 2 (August 20, 2014): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1980.013.

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The paper presents the results of biometrical-experimental examinations of fungi of <i>Peronospora</i> genus which infect the representatives of <i>Papaver</i>. The investigations seemed to show that on all of three investigated host plants (<i>Papaver argemone, P. rhoeas</i> I <i>P. somniferum</i>) there was only one species of <i>Peronospora</i>.
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17

Acharya. "Molecular Characterization of Opium Poppy(Papaver somniferum) Germplasm." American Journal of Infectious Diseases 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajidsp.2009.148.153.

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18

Acharya, Hari Shanker, and Vimal Sharma. "Molecular Characterization of Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum) Germplasm." American Journal of Infectious Diseases 5, no. 2 (February 1, 2009): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajidsp.2009.155.160.

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19

Naseem, Sana, and Girjesh Kumar. "Induced desynaptic variation in poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)." Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 13, no. 4 (December 2013): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-70332013000400007.

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Cytological investigation of EMS (ethyl methane sulphonate) treated population demonstrated enhanced univalent frequency per cell with unequal separation at Anaphase I. In contrast to controlled plants, medium strong type desynaptic plants were obtained from 0.6 % EMS treated set, revealing high frequency of univalents at Metaphase I, along with bivalents, which were loosely paired. The univalents remained unpaired till the end of meiosis, leading to formation of micronuclei and abnormal tetrads. These plants had high pollen inviability and sterile seeds. It might be possible that EMS had acted on some genes responsible for chiasma formation, resulting in early chiasma dissociation, which suggests that EMS can act as a potential tool in the development of male sterile lines. The study demonstrated the feasibility of chemical mutagenesis in mutation breeding programme on poppy (Papaver somniferum L.).
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20

Francis, Paul S., Jacqui L. Adcock, Jason W. Costin, Stuart D. Purcell, Frederick M. Pfeffer, and Neil W. Barnett. "Chemiluminescence detection of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) alkaloids." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 48, no. 3 (November 2008): 508–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2008.06.022.

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21

Benešová, Mária, Peter Kovács, and Mikulas Pšenák. "Carboxypeptidase Activity in Poppy Seedlings, Papaver somniferum L." Journal of Plant Physiology 143, no. 2 (February 1994): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(11)81680-9.

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22

Williams, Robert D., and Brian E. Ellis. "Alkaloids from Agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed Papaver somniferum cultures." Phytochemistry 32, no. 3 (February 1993): 719–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)95160-4.

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23

TAŞLIGİL, Nuran. "TARİHSEL SÜREÇTE HAŞHAŞ (Papaver somniferum L.) VE AFYON." Journal Of History School 11, no. XXXIV (January 1, 2018): 163–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14225/joh1234.

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24

Bhandari, M. M. "Out-crossing in opium poppy Papaver somniferum L." Euphytica 48, no. 2 (July 1990): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00037196.

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25

Miller, J. A. C., L. Henning, V. L. Heazlewood, P. J. Larkin, J. Chitty, R. Allen, P. H. Brown, W. L. Gerlach, and A. J. Fist. "Pollination biology of oilseed poppy, Papaver somniferum L." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 5 (2005): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04234.

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Although poppies (Papaver somniferum L.) are one of the oldest cultivated plants relatively little is known of their pollination biology. We have investigated the relative importance of wind and insects in the pollination of poppies and identified potential insect pollinators. Wind pollination was found to be negligible, insect pollination was responsible for the majority of out-crossing, and self-pollination was the dominant mode of poppy fertilisation. Honeybees and flies were identified as the main potential cross-pollinators of Tasmanian poppies. Using a transgenic poppy field trial in which approximately 50% of the pollen grains produced were transgenic, we have determined the level of pollen-mediated gene flow by scoring over 50 000 seeds for the presence of a selectable marker gene. Gene flow was measured using a 10-m buffer area that surrounded the field trial. It was highest at 0.1 m with 3.26% of seeds found to be transgenic and declined over distance with 1.73% transgenic seeds at 0.5 m, 1.80% at 1 m, 0.86% at 2 m, 0.34% at 5 m, 0.12% at 9 m, and 0.18% at 10 m. These results demonstrate that under Tasmanian conditions, pollen-mediated gene flow occurs at modest levels in poppies that are in close proximity to each other and is most probably mediated by honeybees and flies.
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26

Matin, Ana, Tajana Krička, Emilija Friganović, Dino Tučić, and Mateja Grubor. "Tehnologija dorade i skladištenja maka." Glasilo Future 3, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32779/gf.3.4.1.

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Mak je uvriježeni zajednički naziv za nekoliko vrsta iz roda Papaver, porodice Papaveraceae, od kojih je komercijalno najvažnija Papaver somniferum L. koja se uzgaja radi proizvodnje opijuma, ulja i sjemenki. Upravo visoki sadržaj ulja u sjemenkama maka čini ga jako kvarljivim, stoga sjemenke nakon berbe treba odmah očistiti i osušiti iz razloga što se sjeme maka može skladištiti s najviše 8 % vlage. Skladišta u kojima se čuva sjeme moraju biti suha, prozračna i bez stranih mirisa, a sjeme zdravo, uniformne boje, veličine i oblika. Također je moguća i dodatna dorada maka mljevenjem, kondicioniranjem i prešanjem.
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27

Montes-Borrego, Miguel, Francisco J. Muñoz-Ledesma, Rafael M. Jiménez-Díaz, and Blanca B. Landa. "Short communication: Local infection of opium poppy leaves by Peronospora somniferi sporangia can give rise to systemic infections and seed infection in resistant cultivars." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 15, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): e10SC01. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2017153-10864.

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Downy mildew (DM) of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) caused by Peronospora somniferi is one of the most destructive diseases of this crop due to the systemic nature of infection as compared with local infections caused by Peronospora meconopsidis, the other downy mildew pathogen of this crop. We developed an inoculation method using Peronospora somniferi sporangia as inoculum and demonstrated for the first time that local infection of leaves by sporangia give rise to systemic infections in the plant as well as of seeds. Our results also showed that this inoculation protocol was very effective in reproducing disease symptoms and assessing the resistance response to DM in opium poppy genotypes under field conditions. More interestingly, results indicate that up to 100% of seed samples from some genotypes showing a complete (symptomless) resistant phenotype were infected by the pathogen when seeds were analyzed by a P. somniferi-specific nested-PCR protocol. This latter aspect deserves further attention while breeding opium poppy for resistance to P. somniferi.
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28

Tomáš, Spitzer, and Bílovský Jan. "Management of poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) stand height using growth regulators." Plant Protection Science 53, No. 1 (January 5, 2017): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/24/2016-pps.

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The possibility of reduce the length of poppy plants and their risk of lodging by applying selected plant growth regulators and effects on the plant and yield were studied in field experiments during 2010–2012. Statistically significant reduction was achieved only with ethephon (576 g a.i./ha) in all experimental years. In 2010 reduction for metconazole (60 g a.i./ha) was recorded. In 2012, ethephon at rates of 576 and 288 g a.i./ha prevented significantly poppy lodging. The 576 g a.i./ha rate was phytotoxic and decreased yield. The commonly used 576 g a.i./ha rate diminished heights by 16–20 cm in all experimental years and significantly reduced lodging in 2012, but decreased yields in two of the 3 years.
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29

Kim, Dowan, Myunghee Jung, In Ha, Min Lee, Seok-Geun Lee, Younhee Shin, Sathiyamoorthy Subramaniyam, and Jaehyeon Oh. "Transcriptional Profiles of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis Genes and Cytochromes in the Leaves of Four Papaver Species." Data 3, no. 4 (November 28, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data3040055.

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Poppies are well-known plants in the family Papaveraceae that are rich in alkaloids. This family contains 61 species, and in this study we sequenced the transcriptomes of four species’ (Papaver rhoeas, Papaver nudicaule, Papaver fauriei, and Papaver somniferum) leaves. These transcripts were systematically assessed for the expression of secondary metabolite biosynthesis (SMB) genes and cytochromes, and their expression profiles were assessed for use in bioinformatics analyses. This study contributed 265 Gb (13 libraries with three biological replicates) of leaf transcriptome data from three Papaver plant developmental stages. Sequenced transcripts were assembled into 815 Mb of contigs, including 226 Mb of full-length transcripts. The transcripts for 53 KEGG pathways, 55 cytochrome superfamilies, and benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis (BIA) were identified and compared to four other alkaloid-rich genomes. Additionally, 22 different alkaloids and their relative expression profiles in three developmental stages of Papaver species were assessed by targeted metabolomics using LC-QTOF-MS/MS. Collectively, the results are given in co-occurrence heat-maps to help researchers obtain an overview of the transcripts and their differential expression in the Papaver development life cycle, particularly in leaves. Moreover, this dataset will be a valuable resource to derive hypotheses to mitigate an array of Papaver developmental and secondary metabolite biosynthesis issues in the future.
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30

Williams, Robert D., and Brian E. Ellis. "Age and tissue distribution of alkaloids in Papaver somniferum." Phytochemistry 28, no. 8 (January 1989): 2085–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)97924-x.

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31

Ovecka, M., M. Bobak, A. Blehova, and J. Kristin. "Papaver somniferum regeneration by somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis." Biologia plantarum 39, no. 3 (November 1, 1997): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1001049526976.

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32

Bilkova, A., L. Bezakova, F. Bilka, and M. Psenak. "An amine oxidase in seedlings of Papaver somniferum L." Biologia plantarum 49, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10535-005-0013-x.

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33

Muhammad, Wali, Naimat Ullah, Muhammad Haroon, and Bilal Haider Abbasi. "Optical, morphological and biological analysis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Papaver somniferum L." RSC Advances 9, no. 51 (2019): 29541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra04424h.

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34

Montes-Borrego, Miguel, Francisco J. Muñoz Ledesma, Rafael M. Jiménez-Díaz, and Blanca B. Landa. "A Nested-Polymerase Chain Reaction Protocol for Detection and Population Biology Studies of Peronospora arborescens, the Downy Mildew Pathogen of Opium Poppy, Using Herbarium Specimens and Asymptomatic, Fresh Plant Tissues." Phytopathology® 99, no. 1 (January 2009): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-99-1-0073.

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A sensitive nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol was developed using either of two primer pairs that improves the in planta detection of Peronospora arborescens DNA. The new protocol represented an increase in sensitivity of 100- to 1,000-fold of detection of the oomycete in opium poppy tissue compared with the detection limit of single PCR using the same primer pairs. The new protocol allowed amplification of 5 to 0.5 fg of Peronospora arborescens DNA mixed with Papaver somniferum DNA. The protocol proved useful for amplifying Peronospora arborescens DNA from 96-year-old herbarium specimens of Papaver spp. and to demonstrate that asymptomatic, systemic infections by Peronospora arborescens can occur in wild Papaver spp. as well as in cultivated opium poppy. Also, the increase in sensitivity of the protocol made possible the detection of seedborne Peronospora arborescens in commercial opium poppy seed stocks in Spain with a high frequency, which poses a threat for pathogen spread. Direct sequencing of purified amplicons allowed alignment of a Peronospora arborescens internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence up to 730-bp long when combining the sequences obtained with the two primer sets. Maximum parsimony analysis of amplified Peronospora arborescens ITS rDNA sequences from specimens of Papaver dubium, P. hybridum, P. rhoeas, and P. somniferum from different countries indicated for the first time that a degree of host specificity may exist within populations of Peronospora arborescens. The reported protocol will be useful for epidemiological and biogeographical studies of downy mildew diseases as well as to unravel misclassification of Peronospora arborescens and Peronospora cristata, the reported causal agents of the opium poppy downy mildew disease.
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35

Zhang, Zhaoping, Changjian Li, Junqing Zhang, Fang Chen, Yongfu Gong, Yanrong Li, Yujie Su, Yujie Wei, and Yucheng Zhao. "Selection of the Reference Gene for Expression Normalization in Papaver somniferum L. under Abiotic Stress and Hormone Treatment." Genes 11, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11020124.

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Papaver somniferum L. is an important medical plant that produces analgesic drugs used for the pain caused by cancers and surgeries. Recent studies have focused on the expression genes involved in analgesic drugs biosynthesis, and the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) technique is the main strategy. However, no reference genes have been reported for gene expression normalization in P. somniferum. Herein, nine reference genes (actin (ACT), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), cyclophilin 2 (CYP2), elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2, cytosolic (GAPC2), nuclear cap-binding protein subunit 2 (NCBP2), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), TIP41-like protein (TIP41), and tubulin beta chain (TUB)) of P. somniferum were selected and analyzed under five different treatments (cold, drought, salt, heavy metal, and hormone stress). Then, BestKeeper, NormFinder, geNorm, and RefFinder were employed to analyze their gene expression stability. The results reveal that NCBP2 is the most stable reference gene under various experimental conditions. The work described here is the first report regarding on reference gene selection in P. somniferum, which could be used for the accurate normalization of the gene expression involved in analgesic drug biosynthesis.
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36

Matyášová, E., J. Novák, I. Stránská, A. Hejtmánková, M. Skalický, K. Hejtmánková, and V. Hejnák. "Production of morphine and variability of significant characters of Papaver somniferum L." Plant, Soil and Environment 57, No. 9 (August 30, 2011): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/222/2011-pse.

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Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is currently an important agricultural commodity, with the product being used in the food industry (seed) as well as in the pharmaceutical industry (morphine and other alkaloids). Intensive production of poppy leads to a specific direction of breeding with the aim to obtain highly productive cultivars of the so-called food industry or industrial type. The paper evaluates 57 genetic resources (mostly cultivars), comparing the groups of values representing the indicators of production-significant morphologic and agricultural characters (capsule size; morphine content in poppy straw; weight of dry, empty capsule) and content of morphine in the poppy straw, in relation to the ideotype of poppy, which in these indicators represents 100% of the value. On average lower values in the above indicators were achieved by cultivars with white-coloured seed, including morphine content; concrete data are specified in three cultivars with morphine content in the poppy straw above 0.40%. In blue-seed to grey-seed cultivars, except for the high-morphine cultivar Buddha (1.85% of morphine), we found only six materials with a minimum morphine content of 0.8% in the poppy straw (maximum of 0.92%). These genetic resources also achieved very good values in the morphological indicator and average value in the economic indicator. The results will be used in the selection and classification of suitable genetic resources of poppy in breeding of industrial forms.
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37

Lošák, T., and R. Richter. "Split nitrogen doses and their efficiency in poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) nutrition." Plant, Soil and Environment 50, No. 11 (December 10, 2011): 484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4062-pse.

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The efficiency of partial doses of nitrogen applied to poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) plants, cv. Op&aacute;l, was followed in a pot experiment. The ammonium nitrate was applied either in a single dose at the beginning of growing season or in two split doses with the second application at the stage of flowering. With the increasing dose of nitrogen the number of capsules per a plant during the harvest and their volume increased irregularly. The separated application of an optimum dose of N (i.e.0.9 g N/pot) showed a statistically highly significant positive effect on the yield of poppy seeds compared to the same single dose of N made this figure increased by 25.6%. The morphine content in the capsules increased with the increasing supply of N from 0.85 to 1.01%. The term of nitrogen application influenced the number of capsules per a plant and their volume and morphine content irregularly.
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38

Vašek, Jakub, Daniela Čílová, Martina Melounová, Pavel Svoboda, Pavel Vejl, Radka Štikarová, Luboš Vostrý, Perla Kuchtová, and Jaroslava Ovesná. "New EST-SSR Markers for Individual Genotyping of Opium Poppy Cultivars (Papaver somniferum L.)." Plants 9, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010010.

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High-quality simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are invaluable tools for revealing genetic variability which could be utilized for many purposes, such as breeding new varieties or the identifying current ones, among other applications. Based on the analysis of 3.7 million EST sequences and 15 genomic sequences from bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries, 200 trinucleotide genic (EST)-SSR and three genomic (gSSR) markers were tested, where 17 of them fulfilled all criteria for quality markers. Moreover, the reproducibility of these new markers was verified by two genetics laboratories, with a mean error rate per allele and per locus equal to 0.17%. These markers were tested on 38 accessions of Papaver somniferum and nine accessions of another five species of the Papaver and Argemone genera. In total, 118 alleles were detected for all accessions (median = 7; three to ten alleles per locus) and 88 alleles (median = 5; three to nine alleles per locus) within P. somniferum alone. Multivariate methods and identity analysis revealed high resolution capabilities of the new markers, where all but three pair accessions (41 out of 47) had a unique profile and opium poppy was distinguished from other species.
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39

Fisinger, Ursula, Nadja Grobe, and Meinhart H. Zenk. "Thebaine Synthase: A New Enzyme in the Morphine Pathway in Papaver Somniferum." Natural Product Communications 2, no. 3 (March 2007): 1934578X0700200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0700200305.

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Along the poppy morphine biosynthetic pathway, the transition from salutaridinol-7-O-acetate to thebaine had previously been claimed to proceed non-enzymatically between pH 8–9. At pH 6–7, the acetate was transformed to an azonine derivative. These transformation reactions were revisited using Papaver somniferum protein extracts in search for a possible protein catalyst. After removal of residues and inhibitory low molecular weight compounds from the latex of P. somniferum, this latex serum was shown to convert salutaridinol-7-O-acetate to thebaine in high yield at the physiological pH of 7.0. A new enzyme, which was partly purified, was shown to catalyze this reaction and was partly characterized. As a result, a further enzymatic step had to be added to the morphine pathway in the poppy plant, involved in the transformation of 2 moles L-tyrosine to one mole of morphine.
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40

Arslan, Mustafa, and Halil Sahin. "Properties of Particleboards Produced from Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Stalks." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 6, no. 2 (January 10, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2016/24977.

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41

Németh, E., and J. Bernáth. "SELECTION OF POPPY (PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM L.) CULTIVARS FOR CULINARY PURPOSES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 826 (April 2009): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.826.58.

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42

Frick, S., R. Kramell, T. M. Kutchan, and P. J. Larkin. "STUDYING MORPHINE BIOSYNTHESIS USING TRANSGENIC OPIUM POPPY (PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM L.)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 680 (March 2005): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2005.680.4.

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43

SKALICKY, Milan, Vaclav HEJNAK, Jan NOVAK, Alena HEJTMANKOVA, and Irena STRANSKA. "Evaluation of Selected Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Cultivars: Industrial Aspect." Turkish Journal Of Field Crops 19, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.54263.

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44

Hsu, An-Fei, and Judith Pack. "Metabolism of 14C-codeine in cell cultures of Papaver somniferum." Phytochemistry 28, no. 7 (January 1989): 1879–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)97878-6.

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45

Garnock-Jones, P. J., and P. Scholes. "Alkaloid content of Papaver somniferum subsp. setigerum from New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Botany 28, no. 3 (July 1990): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.1990.10412320.

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46

Yadav, H. K., and S. P. Singh. "Inheritance of quantitative traits in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)." Genetika 43, no. 1 (2011): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1101113y.

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Generation mean analysis was carried out using five parameter model on five cross combinations with five generations i.e. parents, F1s, F2s, and F3s randomly selected from partial diallel breeding experiment. The aim of study was to investigate the mode of gene actions involved in the inheritance of quantitative traits viz. days to 50% flowering, plant height, leaves/plant, capsules/plant, capsule size, capsule weight/plant, seed yield/plant and opium yield/plant. C and D scaling test showed the presence of non allelic interaction in the inheritance for all the traits except for plant height, seed yield/plant (ND1001xIS13) and capsule size (NBR5xND1002) which showed non interacting mode of inheritance. In general, the interaction effect together i.e. additive x additive [i] and dominance x dominance [l] found in higher magnitude than the combined main effects of additive [d] and dominance [h] effects for all the traits in all the five crosses. Dominance effect [h] was found pronounced for most of the traits except days to 50% flowering where additive effect [d] was found prevalent. Among the interaction effects dominance x dominance [l] was predominant over additive x additive [i] for all traits in all the five crosses except capsules/plant and capsule size in cross ND1001xNBRI11 and leaves/plant and opium yield/plant in cross NBRI5xND1002. As per sign of dominance (h) and dominance x dominance (l) duplicate epistasis were noticed for all the traits except plant height and leaves/plant in cross ND1001xUO1285. Potence ratio indicated presence of over dominance for almost all the traits. Substantial amount of realized heterosis, residual heterosis in F2 and F3 progenies and high heritability with moderate to high genetic advance in F2 progeny and significant correlation among important traits in desirable direction were observed. A breeding strategy of diallel selective mating or biparental mating in early segregating generation followed by recurrent selection may be used for genetic improvement.
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47

Meshehdani, T., J. Pokorný, J. Pánek, and J. Davídek. "Oxidation of free lipids in stored poppyseed (Papaver somniferum L.)." Food / Nahrung 34, no. 8 (1990): 773–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/food.19900340826.

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48

Gaevskii, A. V. "On the intraspecies classification of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 33, no. 3 (March 1999): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02508453.

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49

NYMAN, ULF, and OVE HALL. "Breeding oil poppy (Papaver somniferum) for low content of morphine." Hereditas 76, no. 1 (February 12, 2009): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1974.tb01176.x.

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50

Masárová, Veronika, Daniel Mihálik, and Ján Kraic. "In Silico Retrieving of Opium Poppy (Papaver Somniferum L.) Microsatellites." Agriculture (Polnohospodárstvo) 61, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agri-2015-0020.

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Abstract Repetitive tandem sequences were retrieved within nucleotide sequences of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) genomic DNA available in the GenBank® database. Altogether 538 different microsatellites with the desired length characteristics of tandem repeats have been identified within 450 sequences of opium poppy DNA available in the database. The most frequented were mononucleotide repeats (246); nevertheless, 44 dinucleotide, 148 trinucleotide, 62 tetranucleotide, 28 pentanucleotide and 5 hexanucleotide tandem repeats have also been found. The most abundant were trinucleotide motifs (27.50%), and the most abundant motifs within each group of tandem repeats were TA/AT, TTC/GAA, GGTT/AACC and TTTTA/ TAAAA. Five hexanucleotide repeats contained four different motifs.
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