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1
Meade, Fergus. "Biosynthetic regulation of the major opiates of Papaver somniferum." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11992/.
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Opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, is the sole source of the analgesic alkaloids morphine and codeine as well as thebaine, a precursor for semi-synthetic opiates. T6ODM (thebaine 6-O-demethylase) and CODM (codeine O-demethylase) are dioxygenases involved in morphine biosynthesis and represent promising targets for metabolic engineering of the morphinan alkaloid pathway through reverse genetic screening. An EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate)-mutagenised population of a morphine accumulating cultivar (>4000 plants) was screened for mutations in CODM and T6ODM. Although nonsense mutations were found in both, complete metabolic blocks and codeine and thebaine were not observed owing to the presence of multiple copies of these genes in the genome. Crosses and further mutagenesis were attempted to produce new cultivars of opium poppy with increased yields of codeine and thebaine.
2
Weid, Marion. "Gewebe- und zellspezifische Lokalisation der Alkaloidbiosynthese in Papaver somniferum L." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975600575.
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Day, Keith B. "Papaver somniferum and P. bracteatum : tissue culture and morphinan alkaloid production." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35449.
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Papaver somniferum plants accumulate the secondary products codeine and morphine. P. bracteatum accumulates their precursor, thebaine. The aims of the project were to use tissue cultures for the production of these alkaloids and for the biotransformation of thebaine to codeine and morphine. Methods were evaluated for the extraction, separation and quantification of mg or mug amounts of morphinan alkaloids from plant material. TLC, IIPLC and RIA were useful. Poppy cells fron a range of seed sources and explants were grown in static and suspension culture. Manipulations were made in atterpts to induce morphinan biogenesis. These included inmobilisation of cells and changes in the growth medium. Morphinans were absent from unspecialised cells in all but one instance. The biotransformation of thebaine was tested in cell suspensions of P. somniferum and Nicotiana alata. Using thebaine (biosynthesised from CO2) these experiments were extended to organs of the P. somniferum plant. A thebaine-biotransfomation product arose in N. alata (but not P. somniferum) suspensions that also arose in excised P. somniferum capsules. A non-specific enzymic activity is proposed. No codeine or morphine were produced. Plant regeneration was demonstrated, in good yield, by embryogenesis fron meristenoid tissue of P. bracteatum. In P. somniferum the process was initiated but was not routinely successful. Regeneration may be useful for plant improvenent via cloning or as a source of variation. On reorganisation into plantlets, capacity for morphinan alkaloid accumulation was realised. Capacity for alkaloid accumulation is discussed in tenns of a requisite minimum level of cytodifferentiation, perhaps of laticifer-like cells. The uptake or binding of radiolabelled morphine by suspension cultures was investigated, since binding may be a reason for failure to detect morphinans in cultures extracted by the usual methods. Evidence was found that exogenous morphine binds to an insoluble fraction in P. somniferum and I. tabacum but cells did not contain any endogenous bound morphincins.
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Raymond, Michelle Jean. "Isolation and characterization of latex-specific promoters from Papaver somniferum L." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34869.
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The pharmacologically important alkaloids morphine and codeine are found in latex of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Latex is harbored in laticifers, a specialized vascular cell-type. Isolation and characterization of latex-specific genes may provide a useful tool to metabolically engineer increased alkaloid production. Previous research in the Nessler laboratory identified genes that exhibit latex-specific gene expression. Latex-specific genes were an 2-oxoglutarate-dioxygense (DIOX), involved in hydroxylation, desaturation and epoxidation reactions, and two of the major latex proteins, MLP146 and MLP149. MLP-like proteins function in fruit ripening in various species that do not have the laticifer cell type. The latex-specific promoters (LSPs) for the three genes were sequenced. The 2.5 kb DIOX promoter was fused to the reporter gene Β-glucuronidase (GUS) to characterize its expression pattern. To assess the functional sites within the DIOX promoter, deletions were made 1.5 kb and 0.14 kb upstream of the ATG start codon, fused to GUS, and transformed into opium poppy, Arabidopsis thaliana, and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The 2.5 kb DIOX:GUS and 1.5 kb EcoRIDIOX:GUS reporter gene constructs showed vascular specific expression in opium poppy, Arabidopsis, and tobacco. The 0.14 kb SpeIDIOX promoter deletion construct showed no activity in opium poppy, and limited expression in the shoot apical meristem and root hypocotyl axis in Arabidopsis. These results indicate that the minimum active DIOX promoter is greater than 0.14 kb. Over 1 kb of the LSPs were sequenced and analyzed for regulatory elements using the Plant cis-acting regulatory DNA elements database, PLACE (http://www.dna.affrc.go.jp/PLACE). Knowledge of the cis-elements and regulatory regions of LSPs would serve as a tool for metabolic engineering of poppy alkaloids. Sixty-five elements were conserved among 2 of the 3 LSPs. Among the cis-elements identified, some are associated with basic functions such as: light regulation, carbon metabolism and plant defense. Other elements include: WRKY elements that are binding sites of transcription factors known for signaling plant defense genes, a vascular cis-element, and a fruit specific element. The presence of plant defense and vascular cis-elements in the LSPs, correlate with the concept that latex is a protective defense mechanism found in the vascular system. The latex-specific promoters isolated and cis-elements identified in this research are potential tools for driving increased alkaloid production in opium poppy.Master of Science
5
Cabry, Marc P. "Structural analysis of a Papaver somniferum O-methyltransferase involved in noscapine biosynthesis." Thesis, University of York, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19988/.
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Slowiaczek, Lukáš. "Tvorba výnosu a sušiny u genetických zdrojů máku setého (Papaver somniferum L.)." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-259766.
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Diploma thesis with the topic: Formation of yield and dry matter with genetic resources of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) was worked out at the Department of botanics and plant physiology, Faculty of agrobiology, food and natural resources ČZU in Prague. The purpose of this thesis was to determine genotype and ontogenetic differences in amount of yield, production of dry mass, and value of growth-analytic characteristics in certain species of opium poppy. Diploma thesis was based on the fact that most of the studies about opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) are focused on the content of alkaloids and other substances present in poppy seeds. Due to this facts, it is necessary to describe the genotypes of poppy plants and their genetic resources from the physiological point of view.
Following species of opium poppy were chosen for the experiment: Akvarel, Albín, Buddha, Florian, Korneuburger Weisser, Lazur, Major, Marianne, Opál, Postomi, Sokol, Tatranský. These species were chosen according to their content of alkaloids, especially morfine very low content, low content, medium content and high content of morfine. All of the tested genotypes are tested as object of study of genetic poppy resources. Seeds were supplied by GB Oseva Pro s.r.o., o.z. VÚO Opava and company Český mák.
Field experiments were established at the research laboratory FAPPZ ČZU in Prague, in Červený Újezd. This location is in Prague-West division, in area of Middle Bohemia. The altitude of this location is 401 metres above the sea level. The size of the field for testing was 2 m2. The experiment was based in 4 repetitions by the method of Latin square. Winter wheat was used as the preceding crop. Opium poppy was planted according to agrotechnical principles of planting.
Content of dry mass in individual plant organs was measured in certain ontogenetic stages of opium poppy (35, 45, 49, 52, 54, 62, 81 BBCH). Size of leaf area was assessed by the image analysis WinDias. Yield of seeds was assessed as well. Growth-analytic characteristics were calculated from the values of wieght of dry mass and size of leaf area.
The results confirmed that the size of plants is influenced by its ontogeny and also by its species. The results also confirm, that the height of plants is not influenced by the content of morfine. Connection between the colour of seeds and height of plant was not confirmed either. Increase in weight of above-ground biomass depending on ontogenetic stage and influence of plant species was confirmed. There are differences in production of yield in species of poppy with different contents of morfine because the average weight of yield in species with very low content of morfine was 112,36 g, in species with low content of morfine 110,41 g, in species with middle content of morfine 12167 g and in species with high content of morfine 123,16 g. It was approved that ontogeny of plants influences the leaf area index (LAI) as it increases until blooming and then it decreases as a result of senescence and falling off the old leaves. Differences in leaf area index were detected among the species of opium poppy, depending on the content of morfine. It was detected that crop growth rate (CGR), relative crop growth rate (Rw) and relative growth rate of assimilation area (RA) are influenced by the ontogeny of plants. It was detected that species with high content of morfine in poppy seeds (Buddha, Postomi, Lazur) and species with white seeds Sokol and Albín have lower yield than species with middle content of morfine.
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Míča, Luděk. "Analýza vlivu odrůd a ošetření osiva na vybrané parametry semen máku setého (Papaver somniferum L.)." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-259771.
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Czech Republic is one of the world's leading producers of the poppy seeds. Concerning the growing field area of poppy, the Czech Republic is lead producer of the poppy seeds at the international level (Vašák, 2010; Cihlář, 2012).
Poppy seed is very sensitive on many internal and external factors during cultivation, especially in the beginning of germination and emergence. At present, there are not registered preparations available for seed dressing for poppy seed in the Czech Republic (Prokinová, 2006). However, there has been done many experiments based on testing of natural substances (eg. humates and plant extracts), microorganisms and especially the application of soil fungi in seed treatment recently
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of selected regional varieties of poppy cultivation and seed treatment to yield parameters of poppy seed both individually and in combination,. For the thesis was essential to describe the suitability of varieties for growing in organic and integrated agriculture in relation to the efficiency of production. Evaluation of the seed quality of the varieties was carried out in the field as well as under laboratory conditions. Before sowing, seeds were treated by preparations Gliorex and TS Osivo, untreated variant has been used as a control.
During plant cultivation were monitored shape of the plants, the degree of infestation, weed control and other treatments based on natural substances. Neem-Azal was used as the pest regulator. The second variant was treated by foliar application of TS Květa.
Seeds harvested from variants of our trial were tested under laboratory conditions for comparison of differences between varieties. The tests also revealed the seed infestation and what percentage of the seed is viable. The last evaluation was carried out on the basis of the weight of thousands of seeds (HTS), which reflects the yield determined by the selected seed treatment.
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Lainer, Johanna [Verfasser]. "Molekular-sensorische Charakterisierung des bitteren Fehlgeschmacks in Mohnsamen (Papaver Somniferum L.) / Johanna Lainer." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1192568168/34.
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Ninan, Aleyamma. "The extraction and chemistry of the metabolites of Mimosa tenuiflora and Papaver somniferum." Thesis, University of Bath, 1990. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760609.
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Goy, Julian Graham. "Studies on the biotransformation of codeinone to codeine by cell cultures of Papaver somniferum." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12050.
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The aim of this project was to examine the process by which cultured cells of Papaver somniferum and related species, biotransform codeinone to codeine. It was confirmed in this study that plants of P.somniferum produce the morphinan alkaloids thebaine, codeine and morphine and therefore, possess the enzyme involved in the biotransformation of codeinone to codeine. However plants of P.bracteatum and P.orientale only accumulate thebaine apparently lacking one or more of the enzymes necessary to convert thebaine to morphine. Suspension cultures derived from P.somniferum, P.bracteatum and P.orientale all produced the morphinan alkaloid(s) common to the parent plant but in significantly lower amounts. P.somniferum suspension cultures converted a maximum of 35.3% of added codeinone to codeine. However, 'meristemoid' cultures of P.somniferum, which displayed a high state of differentiation and consisted of densely cytoplasmic cells organised in recognisable morphological structure, converted up to 60.0% of added codeinone to codeine. By contrast, suspended cells of P.bracteatum and P.orientale biotransformed less than 5% of added codeinone to codene. This strongly suggests the existence of a relationship between biotransformation capacity (amount of product produced per specified volume or unit of biomass) and culture origin. Immobilisation increased the biotransformation capacity of P.somniferum suspension cultures but not of P.somniferum 'meristemoid' cultures. Suspension cultures of P.somniferum, at different stages of development, converted approximately equal quantities of codeinone to codeine over a 72h period. However, the rate at which codeine was produced in these cultures varied considerably and was fastest in cultures entering the stationary phase. This also corresponded to the stage at which the concentration of endogenous alkaloids in the cells was highest.
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Hrušková, Jana. "Vliv aplikace minerálních hnojiv před setím se zapravením sečkou na výnos máku (Papaver somniferum L.)." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-258000.
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Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is plant which is in Czech Republic cultivated and consumed for a long time. Czech Republic was the biggest producer of poppy seeds in the world. It is not true currently but Czech Republic is still one of the most important producers of poppy. Czech growers produce high quality poppy seeds but they had several problems during last years. For example fluctuation of price of poppy and bad weather condition. Those problems influenced crop. Those complications caused that growers of poppy try to have stable yields for good profit. Yield parameters, such as amount and quality of poppy seeds and volume of alkaloids, are the most important for growers. Amount and quality of poppy seeds are important for food industry and volume of alkaloids for pharmaceutical industry. The parameters are influenced especially by climatic and soil conditions. Growers are not able to influence climatic factors such as intensity and regularity of rainfalls, actual temperature and wind conditions. But they can influence other factors by good agrotechnical interventions. One of the most important parameters for good growth of poppy is volume of elements in soil, especially nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium and microelements, boron and zinc. Except that things is very important good soil treatment, suitable technology, right term for sowing and choice of good seeds. For intensive producing of poppy seeds is very important protection against pests, diseases and weed. Like prevention is important good soil treatment and other things such as application of pesticides, herbicides and fungicides and seed dressing by fungicides. This work includes general overview about poppy growing focusing on influence of mineral fertilizers on yields of different variety of poppy. We did experiment, the goal of experiment was to find out influence of application of mineral fertilizers on poppy yields. We used two different variety of poppy and we evaluated influence of said factors. Subjects of observation were yield parameters, amount of plants on 1m2, weight of poppy, weight of capsules and HTS (weight of thousand seeds).
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BELNY, MURIEL. "La transformation de suspensions cellulaires de papaver somniferum par agrobacterium tumefaciens avec le gene sam1 d'arabidopsis thaliana codant pour la sam synthetase." Amiens, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AMIEP051.
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Luhmer, Katharina [Verfasser]. "Anbauoptimierung durch Mischanbau und inhaltsstoffliche sowie sensorische Qualitätseigenschaften morphinarmer Winter- und Sommermohnsorten (Papaver somniferum L.) / Katharina Luhmer." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1234550466/34.
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Gerardi, Richard David, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Investigations into the analytical applications and fundamental chemistry of the chemiluminescent reactions of Tris(22-bipyridyl)ruthenium(III) with certain Papaver Somniferum alkaloids and other related compounds." Deakin University. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 1999. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20060630.100432.
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The reaction of tris(2,2-bipyridyl)ruthenium(III) (Ru(bipy) 33+) with various analytes to generate chemiluminescence has been well documented. This investigation sought to undertake a chemiluminometic study of the reactions of Ru(bipy) 33+ with selected Papaver Somniferum alkaloids and specifically synthesised phenethylamines. The investigation, based on a kinetic study, primarily addressed the effect of varying reaction conditions (pH) on Ru(bipy) 33+ chemiluminescence production. To monitor these reactions, a batch chemiluminometer was specifically designed, fabricated and automated to conduct an extensive study on the selected compounds of interest. The instrumentation incorporated a custom built reaction cell and comprised an on-line sample preparation system with which calibration standards could be automatically prepared. The instrumentation provided both time-independent (peak area) and time-dependent (kinetic profile) information. A novel approach to the stabilisation of Ru(bipy) 33+ as a chemiluminescencent reagent was also investigated and a recirculating system was employed with the batch chemiluminometer to provide a stable supply of Ru(bipy) 33+. Codeine, thebaine and 6-methoxy-codeine were the Papaver Somniferum alkaloids selected for this study and several N-methylated and N,N-dimethylated phenethylamines and methoxy-substituted phenetheylamines were also synthesised to investigate the affect of pH on the chemiluminescence emission efficiency.
The versatility of the batch chemiluminometer facilitated the kinetic study of numerous analytes over a broad pH range. The exemplary performance of the chemiluminometer as an analytical instrument, was demonstrated by the calibration functions, based on peak area data, which exhibited excellent linearity and sensitivity. The estimated detection limits (3σ) for the selected alkaloids were in the range 2 x 10&-9<&/sup;> M to 7 x 10&-9<&/sup;> at pH 5.0 and above, which compared favourably to detection limits for the same compounds determined using FIA. Relative standard deviations (n=5) for peak areas ranged between 1% to 5% with a mean of 3.1% for all calibration standards above 2.5 x 10&-8<&/sup;> M. Correlation between concentration and peak area, irrespective of pH and analyte was excellent, with all but two calibration functions having r-squared values greater than 0.990. The analytical figures of merit exemplified the precision and robustness of the reagent delivery and on-line sample preparation, as well as the sensitivity of the system. The employment of the chemiluminometer for the measurement of total chemiluminescence emission (peak area) was in itself a feasible analytical technique, which generated highly reproducible and consistent data. Excellent analytical figures of merit, based on peak area, were similarly achieved for the phenethylamines.
The effects of analyte structure on chemiluminescence activity was also investigated for the alkaloids and the phenethylamines. Subtle structural variations between the three alkaloids resulted in either a moderately reduced or enhanced total emission that was two or three fold difference only. A significant difference in reaction kinetics was observed between thebaine and codeine/6-methoxy-codeine, which was dependent upon pH. The time-dependent data, namely the observed rate constants for the initial rise in intensity and for the subsequent decay rate, were obtained by fitting a mathematical function (based on the postulated reaction mechanism) to the raw data. The determination of these rate constants for chemiluminescence reactions highlighted the feasibility for utilising such measurements for quantitative analytical applications. The kinetic data were used to discriminate between analyte responses in order to determine the concentrations of individual analytes in a binary mixture. A preliminary, multi-component investigation performed on a binary mixture of codeine and 6-methoxy-codeine (1:1) successfully determined the concentrations of these individual components using such rate constant measurements.
Consequently, variations in kinetics resulted in a significant difference between the relative chemiluminescence response based on peak area measurements and the relative response base on peak height measurements obtained using FIA. With regards to the observed reactivity of secondary amines and tertiary amines, chemiluminescence peak area determinations confirmed the vital role of pH on reaction efficiency, which was governed by structural features and kinetics. The tertiary amines investigated generally produced a greater emission under acidic conditions than the corresponding secondary amines. However, the measured chemiluminescence responses were highly dependent upon pH, with similar peak areas obtained for both amine groups under slightly alkaline conditions.
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Elleuch, Habib. "Clonage du gène sam-1 d'Arabidopsis thaliana sous contrôle du promoteur inductible salt du riz : Expression et inactivation du transgène chez les lignées cellulaires de pavot." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1054.
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La plante de pavot (Papaver somniferum) est connue pour la production d'alcaloïdes morphiniques (codéine et morphine). Les cultures de cellules indifférenciées ne produisent pas de tels alcaloïdes. Dans l'espoir d'induire la production de ces métabolites chez les suspensions cellulaires nous avons réalisé le clonage du gène sam1 d'Arabidopsis thaliana sous le contrôle du promoteur sa/T du riz, inductible par un stress osmotique ou par application d'ABA. Quatre constructions de vecteurs binaires ont été réalisées, différant entre elles par la séquence du promoteur régulant l'expression du gène sam1. L'utilisation du promoteur sa/T préserve le développement normal des cultures transgéniques. La transformation des suspensions cellulaires via Agrobacterium tumefaciens aboutit à l'obtention de lignées de cals résistants sur milieu de sélection dont l'état transgénique a été vérifié par PCR suivi d'une hybridation par une sonde spécifique du gène sam et/ou par Southern-blot sur l'ADN génomique. Le nombre de copies du transgène de certains transformants a été déterminé, il variait de 1 à 4. L'activité SAM-S a été mesurée. Les études statistiques ont confirmé que la majorité des cals surexpriment la SAM-S, cette surexpression pouvant atteindre 4 fois celle du témoin. Cette expression élevée du transgène, en l'absence d'ABA exogène a été confirmée par l'étude des transcrits. La présence d'ABA se traduit probablement par une inactivation post-transcriptionelle du transgène chez les transformants où la séquence sali est intacte. Une délétion du promoteur sali dans sa partie 5', juste au voisinage de l'ABRE se traduit par l'absence d'effet de I'ABAOpium poppy (Papaver somniferum) plants are know for their production of morphinan alkaloids such as codeine and morphine. However, cell suspension cultures are unable to synthesize such metabolites. With the aim of mofifying secondary metabolism, gene transfer was performed using the sand gene from Arabidopsis thaliana under the control of the salT promoter. This promoter is inductible by osmotic stress or ABA. Four binary vectors were constructed differing from one another by the promoter sequence. One avantage of the use of an inductible promoter is that it is suposed to preserve the normal development of the cell cultures. Several putatively transformed cell lines were isolated on selective medium after co-cultivation with an Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain harboring one of the previously mentionned construct. The presence of the sam1 transgene was demontrated by PCR amplification followed by an hybridization of the amplification product with a specifie probe. The gene copy nomber was determined, varing from 1 to 4, for several transformed cell lines. Statistical analysis have confirmed that the majority of the transformed cell lines have a SAM-S activity higher than that of the untransformed cells (reaching 4 times), in absence of exogenous ABA. These data were confirmed by Northern-blots. Addition of ABA in the culture medium leads to post-transcriptionnal inactivation of the transgene, in cells transformed with the unchanged sequence of the Psalt. Deletion of the 515 bp in the 5' part of the promoter, near the ABRE, abolishes the effect of ABA
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Pienkny, Silke [Verfasser], Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Brandt, Milton [Akademischer Betreuer] Stubbs, and Ulrike [Akademischer Betreuer] Holzgrabe. "Identifizierung und Charakterisierung einer neuen O-Methyltransferase aus Papaver somniferum / Silke Pienkny. Betreuer: Wolfgang Brandt ; Milton Stubbs ; Ulrike Holzgrabe." Halle (Saale) : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Halle, Hochschulschriften, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1025506944/34.
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Lerchner, Alexandra. "Studien zur Gewinnung und gentechnischen Modifizierung von Phospholipase D aus Schlafmohn (Papaver somniferum L.) und Weisskohl (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975652311.
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Le, Flem-Bonhomme Valérie. "Transformation génétique de plantes médicinales : Atropa belladonna et Papaver somniferum var. album par les gènes rol : impact sur le métabolisme alcaloi͏̈dique." Amiens, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AMIED001.
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Gevenkiris, Ali. "Determination Of Morphine And Total Phenolic Content In Poppy Seed Of Turkish Origin." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613052/index.pdf.
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Turkey is important major licid opium poppy (Papaver Somniferum) producer for medicinal and scientific purposes in the world and one of the two traditional producer country. The poppy seeds which are unique part of the opium poppy are used for food purpose. About 25.000 ton/year poppy seeds
were produced for food purpose. Recent years morphine content of commercially available poppy seeds were speculated. Some studies have been reported that poppy seeds from different origins contain a wide variation
of morphine (2 &ndash294) &mu
g/g content. They have been used also different sample preparation method (extraction and derivatization) and different instruments (GC-MS) during analyses. In this study morphine content was determined in Turkish origin which were white, yellow and blue poppy seeds colors by using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Different sample preparation method (without derivatization) was used. Morphine was eluted from poppy seeds by acidic water through stationary phase activated aluminum oxide. Poppy seed samples were collected from 13 provinces and 35 different sowing fields of Turkey. The determined morphine contents in poppy seeds were ranged between (9.73 to 37.46) &mu
g/g. Any study was not found in the literatures on determination of total phenolic in poppy seed. In this study, the optimum condition for extraction of polyphenols in poppy seeds was determined and then, total phenolic values were obtained in three different colours seeds by spectrophotometric method. At the end of experiments the total phenolic contents in white, yellow and blue colours poppy seed were found to be 4.44, 3.05 and 3.67 mg/g respectively.
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Dittbrenner, Anke [Verfasser], A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Börner, M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Röser, and J. W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Kadereit. "Morphologische, phytochemische und molekulare Untersuchungen zur intraspezifischen Diversität von Schlafmohn (Papaver somniferum L.) / Anke Dittbrenner. Betreuer: A. Börner ; M. Röser ; J. W. Kadereit." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1024874176/34.
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DUBEDOUT, MARTINE. "Analyse de descendances provenant d'un plan circulaire de croisements chez le pavot (papaver somniferum l. ). Variabilite revelee au sein d'hybrides triples, de leurs descendances autofecondees et d'haploides doubles." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112482.
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Ce travail a ete entrepris dans le cadre d'un programme d'amelioration d'une population de pavot illette pour la creation varietale. Selon le principe d'une selection recurrente, un plan de croisements a ete mis en place, suivi d'une phase d'evaluation des meilleurs descendants issus de ce brassage. Ceux-ci constitueront les parents du plan de croisements suivant. L'ensemble des resultats est un bilan du premier cycle d'intercroisements. La population parentale, a base genetique large, est composee pour moitie de varietes performantes sous nos climats et pour moitie de cultivars exotiques. L'etude des descendances du plan de croisements comprend une evaluation de la variabilite et de la structure de correlations a differents niveaux de consanguinite. L'analyse de la structure de correlations revele l'absence quasi systematique de liaison entre la richesse en alcaloides et le rendement en matiere seche. D'autre part, elle met en evidence une correlation positive importante entre le rendement en capsules, le rendement en graines et le nombre de capsules. La selection du pavot ideal a fort rendement en capsules et dont la teneur en alcaloides est elevee est donc envisageable. En revanche, le fort rendement en graines et le nombre eleve de capsules s'opposent a nos objectifs de creation varietale. La variabilite la plus large etant observee a l'interieur des familles, c'est a ce niveau que s'effectuera le choix le plus efficace des individus performants pour les teneurs en alcaloides, la date de debut de floraison et le poids d'une capsule. En effet, la part de variation transmise d'une generation a l'autre est moyenne pour ces caracteristiques alors qu'elle est mediocre pour les caracteristiques de rendement. La consanguinite apparait dans cette etude comme un facteur d'eclatement de la variabilite et de renforcement de la structure de correlations. L'ensemble des resultats nous permet de proposer un schema de selection du pavot illette. La creation varietale integre le choix sur index des meilleures descendances autofecondees issues des plans de croisements successifs
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Sikora, Karel. "Ochrana máku setého (Papaver somniferum L.) proti škůdcům." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-93078.
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Páleníček, Luděk. "Optimalizace výživy máku jarního (Papaver Somniferum L.) dusíkem a sírou." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-93669.
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Unterlinner, Bernhard. "Klonierung und heterologe Expression der Codeinon-Reduktase aus Papaver somniferum L. /." 1999. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/303284803.pdf.
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Tobek, Ladislav. "Uplatnění vybraných forem selenu při pěstování máku setého (Papaver somniferum L.)." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-362690.
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Selenium is an essential element for human organism. One of the possible ways to increase its quantity in food is a biofortification of crops. Czech Republic is the largest producer of poppy seeds in the world, it could be therefore viable to increase the nutritional value of selenium in this crop. The goal of this thesis was a recognition of suitability of selected forms of selenium for biofortification of seeds of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Aside from the distribution of selenium in the plant of poppy and its accumulation in the harvested seeds this study also investigates the effect of its soil and foliar application on the yield and weight of a thousand of seeds. The selenium was applied into the soil in 150, 300, and 600 g Se.ha-1 doses in the form of SeO32- and SeO42- in our one-year container experiment. The same forms of selenium were also applied foliarly in the 20 and 40 g Se.ha-1 doses in our one-year small-plot experiment. It is evident from the analysis of the distribution of selenium in the individual parts of the plant that selenite was accumulated primarily in the lower part of the plant (stalk and leafs) and only a maximum of 25.1% of the total was integrated in the capsule. Selenium, in the form of selenate, was contained in the capsule at a rate of 39.9 to 62.6% of the overall weight of the selenium contained in the whole plant. Soil and foliar application did not influence the yield and weight of a thousand of seeds. In both the container and field experiment the application of an increasing amount of selenium in the form of both selenite and selenate has significantly increased its presence in the harvested seed. Our results suggest that selenate is a better form of selenium for the biofortification of poppy.
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Veselá, Tereza. "Vliv biologické ochrany rostlin na produkci sekundárních metabolitů Papaver somniferum IV." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-387760.
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Vesela T.: Influence of plant biological control on production of secondary metabolites of Papaver somniferum IV. Diploma thesis, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of pharmaceutical botany, Hradec Kralove 2018. In the experimental part of the thesis was studied the influence of plant biological control on the production of the main pharmaceutically usable secondary metabolites of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). The contents of alkaloids morphine, codeine, thebain, papaverine and narcotine were monitored in the capsules and stems. Two poppy varieties, Orbis and Lazur, were selected for the experiment. Half of the plots were treated with the fungicidal biopreparate Polyversum, containing the germinable spores of oomycete Pythium oligandrum. Pythium oligandrum directly attacks the fungal pathogens. It also uses indirect control mechanisms, induces resistance in plants and promotes their growth. The remaining untreated plots served as a reference check. The extract was prepared from the individual samples. Subsequent analysis was performed using high performance liquid chromatography. The results show no positive effect of treatment on the content of all quantified alkaloids in poppy straw. Biosynthesis of alkaloids and Pythium oligandrum activity can be...
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Kaman, Petr. "Vliv biologické ochrany rostlin na produkci sekundárních metabolitů Papaver somniferum III." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-387917.
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Kaman, P.: Influence of plant biological protection on production of secondary metabolites of Papaver somniferum III. Diploma thesis. Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Hradec Králové, 2018, 77 pp. Diploma thesis was aimed to verify the impact of biological protection on the production of alkaloids of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum, L.). Polyversum biofungicide was selected for this purpose, the active ingredient of which is oomycete Pythium oligandrum. The poppy tested were Orbis and Lazur high-morphine varieties. Extracts were prepared from the individual samples which were analyzed by HPLC. The following alkaloids were morphine, codeine, papaverine, noscapine and thebain. The average morphine content was around 0,5 %. The largest amount of 0,62 % was found in the poppyhead of untreated variant of the Orbis variety. Codeine for both varieties averaged 0,07 % in the poppyhead of untreated variant. Treated plants reached slightly lower values. The average papaverine content was around 0,01 % in the treated and also untreated variant, but only in poppyhead of the Lazur variety. Higher noscapine content was measured in the Lazur poppyheads, averaging 0,06 %. The content was only around 0,01 % for Orbis variety. The alkaloid content was...
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STARÁ, Martina. "Molekulární charakterizace a hodnocení genetické diverzity genových zdrojů máku." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-395211.
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The thesis deals with the study genetic diversity of poppies (Papaver somniferum L.) by SSR analysis. Altogether, 85 samples of poppies were evaluated. DNA was isolated from dried, mixed samples grown from seed using a modified CTAB method by Doyle and Doyle (1990). The seeds were provided by VÚO Opava. Six SSR primers were selected for the analysis and visualization was performed using chip electrophoresis. The PCR reaction was optimized with fluorescently labeled primer for fragmentation analysis. Chip electrophoresis was evaluated in MVSP using PCO analysis. The similarity matrix was further calculated and the samples showed hight genetic variability. The results of similarity matrix were provided to breeders as a basis for further breeding.
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Ounaroon, Anan. "Molecular cloning and functional expression of three O-methyltransferases from Papaver somniferum L. /." 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/354255312.pdf.
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Weid, Marion [Verfasser]. "Gewebe- und zellspezifische Lokalisation der Alkaloidbiosynthese in Papaver somniferum L. / von Marion Weid." 2004. http://d-nb.info/975600575/34.
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Pastrňák, Jan. "Odrůdy z evropského sortimentu máku setého (Papaver somniferum L.) vhodné pro okrasné zahradnictví." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-249979.
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The thesis examining food varieties of opium poppy, should find such variety that would put to use in decorative horticulture and floristry. The attempt took place during 3-8 / 2014 Opava in the Czech Republic at the Research Institute of Oilseed Crops Opava, using a national program of conservation and use of plant genetic resources and agricultural biodiversity. The target was met on the theoretical and 8 existing varieties, it is possible to use in practice. It would certainly be put to use a larger number of interesting varieties, but beneficial to use a variety of combinations of positive properties.
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Röslerová, Linda. "Vliv agrotechniky a biologické ochrany rostlin na produkci sekundárních metabolitů Papaver somniferum I." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-323477.
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73 Abstract Charles University in Prague Faculty of pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Author: Linda Röslerová Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Influence of agronomical practices and plant biological protection on production of secondary metabolites of Papaver somniferum I. Poppy cultivation in the Czech Republic has a long tradition and the problem of poppy attacks by pests and diseases is increasing, therefore there is an interest to pursue the factors affecting the profitability of the poppy. The purpose of this diploma thesis is to monitor the infestation of the poppy treated by biopreparation Polyversum by helmintosporiosis and the mold of the poppy. Biological protection of plants is an innovative new method for treatment plants. The obtained results have been compared with control plants (plants with no protection). The contents of the majority alkaloids (morphine, codeine, papaverine, thebaine and narcotine) have been evaluated in the varieties Orpheus and OP-P-13 by the method HPLC. Plants from plots of variety Orpheus treated by Polyversum were not affected by the mold of poppy and were less contested by helmintosporiosis. Orpheus treated by Polyversum showed higher levels of morphine than the untreated one. Variety OP-P-13...
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Cincibuchová, Veronika. "Vliv agrotechnik a biologické ochrany rostlin na produkci sekundárních metabolitů Papaver somniferum II." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-325124.
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Cincibuchová, V.: Influence of agronomical practices and plant biological protection on production of secondary metabolites of Papaver somniferum II. Diploma thesis. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové, 2013, 97 pp. The influence of agronomical practices as well as the use of biological plant protection on the production of major secondary metabolites, alkaloids morphine, codeine, papaverine, thebaine and narcotine was studied in four different varieties of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum L. In the experiment, the seeds of the Lazur, Orbis, Orfeus and OP-P-13 varieties were used, and Pythium oligandrum, the effective microorganism of the fungicide preparation Polyversum, was applied as a biological protection. Each variety was grown in three repetitions using the application of the biofungicide and in three separate repetitions without the use of the biofungicide. Alkaloids were isolated from the poppy through the process of extraction and then analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biosynthesis of alkaloids was affected by many external factors, for example, drought and above average temperatures during the vegetation period of the poppy. The biological protection did not...
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Fisinger, Ursula. "Untersuchungen zur Morphinbiosynthese in der Ratte Rattus rattus L. und im Schlafmohn Papaver somniferum L. /." 1998. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/250739283.pdf.
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Rosiková, Tamara. "Biologická aktivita obsahových látek rostlin XV. Alkaloidy Papaver somniferum L. a jejich účinek na acetylcholinesterasu." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-279135.
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Rosiková, T.: Biological activity of plant metabolites XV. Alkaloids of Papaver somniferum L. and their activity to acetylcholinesterase. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2010, 58 pages. Within the screening of plants containing alkaloids potentially inhibiting human erythrocytic AChE and human butyrylcholinesterase was studied poppy (Papaver somniferum L). It was used 30 kg of poppy straw, basic extract was prepared by extraction of 95% alcohol. From this primary extract were prepared extracts with individual types of alkaloids by sequent procedue. In this diploma thesis only one extract was processed (extract type A-ether, pH 9 - 10). Alkaloids from this extract were separated into bases, where its chlorides are soluble and insoluble in chloroform. From each of above mentioned fractions phenolic and non-phenolic alkaloids has been obtained. In this work were separated alkaloids from extact AC1 (chlorides soluble in chloroform, non-phenolic. From this mixture was isolated narcotine by the using of column chromatogramy on alumina and preparative TLC on silica. This compound has been preliminary identified according to data of MS, melting point, optical rotary and by comparison with standard...
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Suchánková, Petra. "Biologická aktivita obsahových látek rostlin XIV. Alkaloidy Papaver somniferum L. a jejich účinek na acetylcholinesterasu." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-279550.
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Suchánková, P.: Biological activity of plant metabolites XIV. Alkaloids of Papaver somniferum L. and their activity to acetylcholinesterase. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2010, 57 pages. Within the screening of plants containing alkaloids potentially inhibiting human erythrocytic AChE and human butyrylcholinesterase was studied poppy (Papaver somniferum L) It was used 30 kg of poppy straw, basic extract was prepared by extraction of 95% alcohol. From this primary extract were prepared extracts with individual types of alkaloids by sequent procedue. In this diploma thesis only one extract was processed (extract type A-ether, pH 9 - 10). Alkaloids from this extract were separated into bases, where its chlorides are soluble and insoluble in chloroform. From each of above mentioned fractions phenolic and non-phenolic alkaloids has been obtained. In this work were separated alkaloids from extact AC1 (chlorides soluble in chloroform, non-phenolic. From this mixture was isolated narcotine by the using of column chromatography on alumina and preparative TLC on silica. This compound has been preliminary identified according to data of MS, melting point, optical rotary and by comparison with standard...
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Filáková, Ivana. "Biologická aktivita obsahových látek rostlin XVI. Alkaloidy Papaver somniferum L. a jejich účinek na acetylcholinesterasu." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-279557.
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Filáková, I.: Biological activity of plant metabolites XIV. Alkaloids of Papaver somniferum L. and their activity to acetylcholinesterase. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2010, 63 p. Within the screening of plants containing alkaloids potentially inhibiting human erythrocytic AChE and human butyrylcholinesterase was studied poppy (Papaver somniferum L) It was used 30 kg of poppy straw, basic extract was prepared by extraction of 95% alcohol. From this primary extract were prepared extracts with individual types of alkaloids by sequent procedue. In this diploma thesis only one extract was processed (extract type A-ether, pH 9 - 10). Alkaloids from this extract were separated into bases, where its chlorides are soluble and insoluble in chloroform. From each of above mentioned fractions phenolic and non-phenolic alkaloids has been obtained. In this work were separated alkaloids from extact AC1 (chlorides soluble in chloroform, non-phenolic. From this mixture was isolated thebaine by the using of column chromatogramy on alumina and preparative TLC on silica. This compound has been preliminary identified according to data of MS, melting point, optical rotary and by comparison with standard...
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Kempe, Katja [Verfasser]. "Analyse der Benzylisochinolinalkaloid-Biosynthese des Papaver somniferum L. mit Hilfe der RNAi-Technik / von Katja Kempe." 2008. http://d-nb.info/994667914/34.
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Rýdl, Jan. "Biologická aktivita obsahových látek rostlin XXI. Alkaloidy Papaver somniferum L. a jejich účinek na lidské cholinesterasy." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-307535.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Jan Rýdl Consultant: doc. RNDr. Lubomír Opletal, CSc. Title of Thesis: Biological activity of plant metabolites XXI. Alkaloids of Papaver somniferum L. and their activity against human cholinesterases. Alkaloids contained in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) were investigated in terms of their effect on human cholinesterases and their antioxidant activity. For the preparation of the basic extract was used 7,0 kg dry green capsules that were percolated by 78 liters of ethanol. By gradual alcalization of the basic extract were prepared individual extracts with each type of alkaloids. In this work has been processed only Ac-Et2O extract. This extract was gradually divided, depending of the pH, into individual fractions of alkaloids. Processed was only the ADd fraction, contains chloride insolubile in CHCl3 and bases soluble in CHCl3. The ADd fraction was separated into individual alkaloids by TLC, one of the isolated alkaloids was morphine, identified by mass spectroscopy. Morphine has activity against human erythrocyte AChE IC50 = 2357 μM, against serum BuChE IC50 = 3744 μM. Morphine has no antioxidant activity. Keywords: Papaver somniferum, alkaloids, morphine,...
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Daněk, Jiří. "Biologická aktivita obsahových látek rostlin XXII. Alkaloidy Papaver somniferum L. a jejich účinek na lidské cholinesterasy." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-337826.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Jiří Daněk Consultant: prof. RNDr. Lubomír Opletal, CSc. Title of Thesis: Biological activity of plant metabolites XXII. Alkaloids of Papaver somniferum L. and their activity against human cholinesterases. During the screening of certain plant species for alkaloids with antioxidant activity and inhibition activity against human cholinesterases was studied opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). The basic extract was prepared from 7,0 kg of dry green poppy capsules percolated by 78 litres of ethanol. This extract was gradually alkalizated and individual extracts of each alkaloid type were prepared. In this thesis only the etheric extract was processed. It was divided gradually depending of the pH to several individual alkaloid fractions. Only the ADd fraction, containing chlorides insolubile in CHCl3 and bases solubile in CHCl3, was divided into individual alkaloids using the thin layer chromatography. One of the isolated alkaloids was codeine, which was indetified by mass spectroscopy, melting point and direct comparsion with standart. Codeine has the antioxidant activity EC50 >500 µM, inhibition activity agains human erythrocyte AChE IC50 = 3320 µM, inhibition activity against...
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Haase, Stefanie [Verfasser]. "Methyltransferasen aus Papaver somniferum L.: Erzeugung und Analyse transgener Pflanzen sowie Klonierung, heterologe Expression und Charakterisierung / von Stefanie Haase." 2007. http://d-nb.info/990629139/34.
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Sabarna, Khaled [Verfasser]. "Approaches to isolating a cDNA encoding thebaine synthase of morphine biosynthesis from opium poppy Papaver somniferum L. / von Khaled Sabarna." 2006. http://d-nb.info/985262524/34.
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Lerchner, Alexandra [Verfasser]. "Studien zur Gewinnung und gentechnischen Modifizierung von Phospholipase D aus Schlafmohn (Papaver somniferum L.) und Weißkohl (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) / von Alexandra Lerchner." 2005. http://d-nb.info/975652311/34.
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