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Academic literature on the topic 'PAP'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "PAP"

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Riskiana, Wulan, Moehamad Aman, and Affan Rifa'i. "Analisis Risiko Rantai Pasok Dengan House of Risk di PT. Petrogas Prima Service." Borobudur Engineering Review 1, no. 2 (September 28, 2021): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/benr.3165.

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Perkembangan manajemen rantai pasok menfokuskan pada kajian tentang efektifitas dan efisiensi aliran barang, sistem informasi dan aliran keuangan sehingga mencakup semua rantai pasok dengan semua pihak yang bersangkutan. Salah satu permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam PT Petrogas Prima Services perusahaan repair tabung gas LPG volume 3 kg adalah keterlambatan kedatangan material. Pada pengiriman sealtape hanya 97,4% dari pemesanan, Pada pemesanan valve melebihi hari pengiriman dan pada saat distribusi terdapat kendala yang tidak bisa diprediksi. Oleh kerena itu, dibutuhkan manajemen rantai pasok untuk koordinasi dan mengelola aktifitas rantai pasok supaya proses produksi berjalan dengan baik dan tidak ada keterlambatan produksi maupun distribusi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis risiko pada aktivitas rantai pasok mengunakan metode House of Risk. Dari House of risk fase I menghasilkan 5 penyebab risiko dominan yaitu gangguan teknis (mesin tidak optimal), karyawan kurang teliti, perencanan kurang maksimal, babhan baku tidak sesuai dan system informasi yang tidak efektif. Melalui House of Risk Fase II dihasilkan 13 langkah aksi pencegahan yang direkomendasikan bagi perusahaan untuk mengurangi potensi kejadian risiko, yaitu melakukan pemeriksaan rutin (PA2), melakukan pencegahan (PA4), menyusun SOP perawatan (mesin/transportasi) (PA1), pembagian sift kerja yang sesuai (PA5), menejemen persediaan sperpart mesin (PA3), pengendalian bahan baku (PA11), pengadaan training (PA6), menyusun SOP pengadaan (inventory) dan supplier (PA8), meningkatkan pengelolaan terhadap menenjemen (PA9), menyusun alternative perencanaan (PA10), pelatihan (PA13), pemberian sangsi disiplin (PA7), dan dukungan software (PA12).
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2

Morrison, Kyle M., John Cairney, Joe Eisenmann, Karin Pfeiffer, and Dan Gould. "Associations of Body Mass Index, Motor Performance, and Perceived Athletic Competence with Physical Activity in Normal Weight and Overweight Children." Journal of Obesity 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3598321.

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Children who are overweight and obese display lower physical activity levels than normal weight peers. Measures of weight status, perceived motor competence, and motor skill performance have been identified as potential correlates explaining this discrepancy. 1881 children (955 males; 926 females; 9.9 years) were assessed as part of the Physical Health Activity Study Team project. The age, habitual physical activity participation (PAP), body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status (SES), motor performance (MP), and perceived athletic competence (PAC) of each child included were assessed. Gender-specific linear regression analyses (main effects model) were conducted to identify the percent variance in PAP explained by the following variables: BMI, MP, and PAC. For males, 18.3% of the variance in PAP was explained by BMI, MP, and PAC. PAC explained 17% of the variance, while MP, BMI, and SES only accounted for 0.6%, 0.7%, and 0.5%, respectively. PAC explained 17.5% of PAP variance in females; MP explained 0.8%. BMI, SES, and chronological age were not significant correlates of PAP in girls. An established repertoire of motor skill performance has been seen as a vehicle to PAP in children; however, this study indicates that PAC should not be overlooked in intervention strategies to promote increased PAP.
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Huang, Shengyi, and Chenju Liang. "Evaluation of the Engineering Properties of Powdered Activated Carbon Amendments in Porous Asphalt Pavement." Processes 9, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9040582.

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Porous asphalt pavement (PAP) with a high drainage capacity was modified with powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition to produce permeable reactive pavement (PRP), which may exhibit the potential to reduce environmental non-point source (NPS) pollution. The experimental design mixtures used to produce and test the PRP incorporated with PAC (named PRP-PACs) were conducted as follows: first, the PACs were initially tested to determine their feasibility as an additive in PAP; second, different amounts of PAC were added during the preparation of PAP to produce PRP-PAC, and the unregulated and regulated physical characteristics for the mechanical performance of PRP-PACs were examined to ensure that they meet the regulatory specifications. Third, the aqueous contaminants, namely benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and xylene (BTEX), column adsorption tests were preliminarily conducted to demonstrate their adsorption capacities compared to traditional PAP. The compositions of 0.8% and 1.5% PAC (by wt.) (PRP-PAC08 and PRP-PAC15) met all the regulated specifications. As compared to PAP, PRP-PAC08 exhibited higher BTEX adsorption capacities than PAP, which were 47%, 49%, 29% and 2%. PRP-PAC08 showed both superior physical properties and adsorption performance than PAP and may be recommended as an engineering application that reduces the potential for NPS contamination of air, soil, groundwater, and surface water.
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4

Adnan, Muhammad Luthfi. "Peran Reseptor IL-21 (IL-21R) sebagai Target Terapi Pada Penyakit Arteri Perifer." SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal 3, no. 1 (August 28, 2021): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/scripta.v3i1.4440.

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Background: Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is caused due to the disruption of blood supply to the periphery caused by blockages in the arteries. PAD is a disease that is difficult to detect and the current therapy is still limited to pharmacological therapy to reduce the risk of PAP incidence and surgical therapy if complications of PAD arise. The interleukin-21 receptor (IL-21R) is a family of interleukins that has been widely studied for its role in many diseases. Objectives: The aim of this review is to discuss the effect of IL-21R on the pathogenesis of PAP. Methods: A literature search was performed with PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect using the keywords “peripheral artery disease”, “interleukin-21 receptor”, “inflammation”, “angiogenesis”, and “therapy”. Discussion: PAD can arise due to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques that block arteries so that blood supply is impaired. In the case of PAD, activation of IL-21R has the ability to stimulate angiogenesis thereby modulating the perfusion of hypoxic tissues in cases of PAD. Further research is needed regarding IL-21R activity in the future to study the potential of IL-21R for the more effective treatment of PAD cases in the future. Conclusion: IL-21R can activate angiogenesis and avoid further tissue damage in PAP. Keywords: interleukin-21 receptors, peripheral artery disease, therapy Latar Belakang: Penyakit Arteri Perifer (PAP) disebabkan karena gangguan suplai darah ke bagian perifer yang disebabkan karena sumbatan pada pembuluh darah arteri. PAP merupakan penyakit yang sulit terdeteksi dan terapi yang ada saat ini masih terbatas pada terapi farmakologis untuk menurunkan risiko kejadian PAP dan terapi pembedahan apabila timbul komplikasi PAP. Reseptor interleukin-21 (IL-21R) merupakan salah satu famili interleukin yang telah banyak dipelajari terkait perannya pada banyak penyakit. Tujuan: Tujuan dari tinjauan ini adalah untuk membahas pengaruh IL-21R terhadap perjalanan penyakit PAP. Metode: Pencarian literatur dilakukan dengan PubMed, Google Scholar, dan ScienceDirect menggunakan kata kunci “peripheral artery disease”, “reseptor interleukin-21”, “inflamasi”, ”angiogenesis”, dan “terapi”. Pembahasan: PAP dapat timbul karena pembentukan plak aterosklerosis yang menyumbat pembuluh darah arteri sehingga suplai darah terganggu. Pada kasus PAP, aktivasi IL-21R memiliki kemampuan untuk menstimulasi angiogenesis sehingga memodulasi perfusi jaringan yang mengalami hipoksia pada kasus PAP. Masih diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai aktivitas IL-21R di masa depan untuk mempelajari potensi IL-21R untuk pengobatan kasus PAP yang lebih efektif di masa depan. Kesimpulan: IL-21R dapat mengaktivasi angiogenesis dan menghindari kerusakan jaringan lebih lanjut pada PAP. Kata Kunci: penyakit arteri perifer, reseptor interleukin-21, terapi
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Frantsiyants, E. M., V. A. Bandovkina, I. V. Kaplieva, N. D. Cheryarina, E. I. Surikova, I. V. Neskubina, Yu A. Pogorelova, and L. A. Nemashkalova. "Changes in levels of urokinase receptor and other components of fibrinolytic system in brain tissues in urokinase gene-knockout mice with B16/F10 melanoma growing together with chronic neurogenic pain." Research and Practical Medicine Journal 9, no. 1 (February 18, 2022): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17709/2410-1893-2022-9-1-1.

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Purpose of the study. An analysis of the changes in components of the urokinase system in the brain of urokinase gene-knockout mice (uPA-/-) with B16/F10 melanoma growing alone and together with chronic neurogenic pain (CNP).Materials and methods. The study included male and female C57BL/6-PlautmI.IBug-ThisPlau6FDhu/GFDhu mice (uPA-/-) (n = 48) and C57BL/6 mice (uPA+/+) (n = 80) with transplanted B16/F10 melanoma growing solitarily and together with CNP. Levels of the urokinase receptor (uPAR) and plasmin (PAP) and activity and levels of the PAI-I inhibitor were measured in the brain of animals by ELISA.Results. Levels of uPAR, PAI-I and PAP in the brain differed only in intact uPA-/- males, being on average 1.6 times higher (p < 0.05) than in uPA+/+ mice. Among animals with CNP, uPA-/- males showed increased PAI-I by 1.3 times (p < 0.05) and decreased PAP by 2.6 times (p < 0.05), while in uPA+/+ males, changes in PAI-I and PAP were opposite; in uPA-/- females, levels of all indicators increased by 1.6–2.1 times (p < 0.05), unlike uPA+/+ females. Among animals with melanoma only, changes in the levels of uPAR, PAI-I and PAP in the brain tissues in uPA-/- males differed from the group with CNP and from uPA+/+ males; in uPA+/+ females, levels of uPAR and PAP increased by 1.7 and 3.0 times (p < 0.05), and only PAP increased in uPA-/- females by 3.2 times (p < 0.05). Combination of CNP with melanoma in uPA-/- mice, regardless of their gender, down-regulated levels of uPAR and PAI-I on the average by 1.5 and 2.0 times, respectively (p < 0.05), and up-regulated PAP on the average by 2.2 times (p < 0.05) compared to the levels in animals with CNP; in uPA+/+ animals, similar decline of uPAR by 3.7 times (p < 0.05) was registered only in males, and an increase of PAI-I by 2.0 times (p < 0.05) was noted in all mice.Conclusion. Changes in the studied parameters in the brain tissue of urokinase gene-knockout animals in response to stress factors indicate the role of the brain urokinase system in the response to both CNP and melanoma growth, and the gender specificity of these changes may be another factor that conditions gender differences in the risk of occurrence and course of cutaneous melanoma.
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Ünal, Aydin, Murat Sipahioglu, Fatih Oguz, Mehmet Kaya, Hamit Kucuk, Bulent Tokgoz, Hakan Buyukoglan, Oktay Oymak, and Cengiz Utas. "Pulmonary Hypertension in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: Prevalence and Risk Factors." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 29, no. 2 (March 2009): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080902900214.

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Aim To investigate the prevalence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and the possible contributing factors for PAH in patients receiving regular continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Patients and Methods The study included 135 CAPD patients and 15 disease-free controls. Patients that had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe mitral or aortic valve disease, connective tissue disease, history of pulmonary embolism, left ventricular ejection fraction <50%, or chest wall or parenchymal lung disease were excluded. All patients and controls were examined using echocardiography and bioelectrical impedance analysis. PAH was defined as systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) >35 mmHg at rest. Results Mean systolic PAP was higher in the CAPD patients than in the controls (19.66 ± 11.66 vs 14.27 ± 4.55 mmHg, p = 0.001). PAH was detected in 17 (12.6%) of the 135 CAPD patients. Mean systolic PAP was significantly higher in patients with PAH than in those without PAH (42.00 ± 9.13 vs 16.44 ± 7.83 mmHg, p = 0.001). Serum albumin level and ejection fraction were lower in patients with PAH than in those without PAH ( p = 0.001 and 0.003 respectively). The ratio of extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW), which can reflect hydration status, was significantly higher in patients with PAH than in those without PAH ( p = 0.008). In the PD group, no patients were hypovolemic; 51 (37.8%) of the 135 PD patients were hypervolemic and 84 (62.2%) were normovolemic. Only 3 of the 17 patients with PAH were normovolemic; the rest were hypervolemic. Mean systolic PAP was significantly higher in hypervolemic PD patients (24.57 ± 14.19 mmHg) than in normovolemic PD patients (16.68 ± 7.61 mmHg) ( p = 0.001). PAP correlated with ECW/TBW ( r=0.317, p = 0.001) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI; r=0.286, p = 0.001). On the other hand, it inversely correlated with serum albumin level ( r = –0.281, p = 0.001), hemoglobin level ( r = –0.165, p = 0.044), and ejection fraction ( r = –0.263, p = 0.001). Serum albumin level, ECW/TBW, and LVMI were found in multivariate analysis to be independent risk factors for PAP. Conclusion PAH is a frequent cardiovascular complication in CAPD patients. Serum albumin level, hypervolemia, and LVMI are major risk factors for PAH. Therefore, strategies for treatment of hypervolemia, left ventricular hypertrophy, and hypoalbuminemia should be enhanced to prevent the development of PAH in CAPD patients.
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Prins, Kurt W., E. Kenneth Weir, Stephen L. Archer, Jeremy Markowitz, Lauren Rose, Marc Pritzker, Richard Madlon-Kay, and Thenappan Thenappan. "Pulmonary Pulse Wave Transit Time is Associated with Right Ventricular–Pulmonary Artery Coupling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension." Pulmonary Circulation 6, no. 4 (December 2016): 576–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/688879.

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Pulmonary pulse wave transit time (pPTT), defined as the time for the systolic pressure pulse wave to travel from the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary veins, has been reported to be reduced in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); however, the underlying mechanism of reduced pPTT is unknown. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that abbreviated pPTT in PAH results from impaired right ventricular–pulmonary artery (RV-PA) coupling. We quantified pPTT using pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound from 10 healthy age- and sex-matched controls and 36 patients with PAH. pPTT was reduced in patients with PAH compared with controls. Univariate analysis revealed the following significant predictors of reduced pPTT: age, right ventricular fractional area change (RV FAC), tricuspid annular plane excursion (TAPSE), pulmonary arterial pressures (PAP), diastolic pulmonary gradient, transpulmonary gradient, pulmonary vascular resistance, and RV-PA coupling (defined as RV FAC/mean PAP or TAPSE/mean PAP). Although the correlations between pPTT and invasive markers of pulmonary vascular disease were modest, RV FAC ( r = 0.64, P < 0.0001), TAPSE ( r = 0.67, P < 0.0001), and RV-PA coupling (RV FAC/mean PAP: r = 0.72, P < 0.0001; TAPSE/mean PAP: r = 0.74, P < 0.0001) had the strongest relationships with pPTT. On multivariable analysis, only RV FAC, TAPSE, and RV-PA coupling were independent predictors of pPTT. We conclude that shortening of pPTT in patients with PAH results from altered RV-PA coupling, probably occurring as a result of reduced pulmonary arterial compliance. Thus, pPTT allows noninvasive determination of the status of both the pulmonary vasculature and the response of the RV in patients with PAH, thereby allowing monitoring of disease progression and regression.
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Agustiani, Winni, Mansyur Arif, and Ilhamjaya Patellongi. "Correlation between Inflammation and Fibrinolysis Impairment on Central Obesity: A Study for hsCRP, PAI-1, PAP and TAFI." Indonesian Biomedical Journal 3, no. 2 (August 1, 2011): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v3i2.143.

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BACKGROUND: Inflammation in the vascular wall plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Current studies have shown that increase of systemic inflammatory marker like the acute phase component C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with an unfavorable progression of disease and an increased risk for acute cardiovascular events. Recently, a close association of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) with hemostatic abnormalities has been reported. Among hemostatic abnormalities, an increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, a strong inhibitor of fibrinolysis, is considered a core feature of MetS. High PAI-1 concentrations may be associated with thrombus formation, also causing cardiovascular events. Therefore, we investigated the association between markers for chronic inflammation (CRP) and the markers of fibrinolytic impairment (PAI-1, PAP, TAFI) in subjects with central obesity.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study in 80 male Indonesian subjects, aged 30-60 years old with central obesity, conducted from January to March 2008 in Bandung.RESULTS: The study results showed that there was a difference of PAI-1 levels between MetS and Non-MetS group. There were significant correlations between hsCRP and PAI-1 (r=0.252, p=0.024 ), hsCRP and PAP (r=0.253, p=0.024), and also between PAI-1 and PAP (r=-0.239, p=0.033 ) respectively. But, no correlation found between hsCRP and TAFI.CONCLUSIONS: There was correlation between inflammation and fibrinolysis impairment on central obesity. Concentrations oh hsCRP, PAI-1 and TAFI were significantly higher in MetS.KEYWORDS: inflammation, fibrinolysis impairment, hsCRP, PAI-1, PAP, TAFI
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Davidson, D., and D. Drafta. "Prolonged pulmonary hypertension caused by platelet-activating factor and leukotriene C4 in the rat lung." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 955–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.3.955.

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Platelet-activating factor (PAF) and leukotrienes (LTs) are potent pulmonary hypertensive and inflammatory mediators produced by the lung. Previously we showed that a rapid injection of PAF into the pulmonary artery of an isolated rat lung produced an extended elevation in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). The objective of the present study was to determine whether the extended pressor response induced by PAF was caused by prolonged activation of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway or slow clearance of LTs from the lung parenchyma. Rat lungs were perfused with a nonrecirculating physiological salt solution that contained indomethacin and albumin. Five minutes after a rapid injection of PAF into the pulmonary artery catheter, the following elevations (mean % above baseline) were observed: PAP (83%), LTB4 (3,260%), LTC4 (1,490%), LTD4 (970%), and LTE4 (1,500%). At 20 min these levels declined but were still significantly elevated above baseline. The 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor diethylcarbamazine (DEC), administered before the PAF injection, inhibited the elevations of PAP and all LTs. DEC administration that began 5 min after PAF reduced PAP and only LTC4 levels at 20 min in comparison to lungs with no DEC. The 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein inhibitor MK886, administered orally 2–6 h before perfusion, also inhibited the pressor response to PAF as well as LT production, as did DEC. We conclude that 1) the extended pulmonary hypertension induced by PAF was caused mainly by prolonged activation of 5-lipoxygenase with LTC4 production, 2) the relative overall lung clearance of LTB4, LTD4, and LTE4 was slower than that of LTC4, and 3) LTB4, LTD4, and LTE4 had no appreciable pressor effect.
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Urboniene, Dalia, Idith Haber, Yong-Hu Fang, Thenappan Thenappan, and Stephen L. Archer. "Validation of high-resolution echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging vs. high-fidelity catheterization in experimental pulmonary hypertension." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 299, no. 3 (September 2010): L401—L412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00114.2010.

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High-frequency echocardiography and high-field-strength magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are new noninvasive methods for quantifying pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy (RVH). We compared these noninvasive methods of assessing the pulmonary circulation to the gold standard, cardiac catheterization (micromanometer-tipped catheters), in rats with monocrotaline-induced PAH and normal controls. Closed-chest, Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with inhaled isoflurane (25 monocrotaline, 6 age-matched controls). Noninvasive studies used 37.5-MHz ultrasound (Vevo 770; VisualSonics) or a 9.4-T MRI (Bruker BioSpin). Catheterization used a 1.4-F micromanometer-tipped Millar catheter and a thermodilution catheter to measure cardiac output (CO). We compared noninvasive measures of pulmonary artery (PA) pressure (PAP) using PA acceleration time (PAAT) and CO, using the geometric PA flow method and RV free wall (RVFW) thickness/mass with cardiac catheterization and/or autopsy. Blinded operators performed comparisons using each method within 2 days of another. In a subset of rats with monocrotaline PAH, weekly echocardiograms, catheterization, and autopsy data assessed disease progression. Heart rate was similar during all studies (>323 beats/min). PAAT shortened, and the PA flow envelope displayed systolic “notching,” reflective of downstream vascular remodeling/stiffening, within 3 wk of monocrotaline. MRI and echocardiography measures of PAAT were highly correlated ( r2 = 0.87) and were inversely proportional to invasive mean PAP ( r2 = 0.72). Mean PAP by echocardiography was estimated as 58.7 − (1.21 × PAAT). Invasive and noninvasive CO measurement correlated well ( r2 ≥ 0.75). Noninvasive measures of RVFW thickness/mass correlated well with postmortem measurements. We conclude that high-resolution echocardiography and MRI accurately determine CO, PAP, and RV thickness/mass, offering similar results as high-fidelity right heart catheterization and autopsy, and that PAAT accurately estimates PAP and permits serial monitoring of experimental PAH. These tools are useful for assessment of the rodent pulmonary circulation and RVH.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PAP"

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Sartorio, Carolina. "PAP-Style Cases." J PHILOSOPHY INC, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625953.

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Over the years, two models of freedom have emerged as competitors: the alternative-possibilities model, which states that acting freely consists (at least partly) in being able to do otherwise, and, more recently, the actual-sequence model, which states that acting freely is exclusively a function of the actual sequence of events issuing in our behavior. In general, a natural strategy when trying to decide between two models of a certain concept is to look for examples that support one model and undermine the other. Frankfurt-style cases have been used for this kind of purpose, to challenge the alternative-possibilities view and support the actual-sequence view. In this paper I examine the prospects of the counterparts of Frankfurt-style cases: “PAP-style” cases, or cases that could be used to support the alternative-possibilities view and challenge the actual-sequence view. I argue that there are no successful PAP-style cases.
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Poyet, Jean-Luc. "Etude des protéines antivirales de la plante Phytolacca americana (PAPs) : caractérisation et expression chez E. coli des gènes codant pour la PAP I, la PAP II et la PAP-S : Etude du mécanisme réactionnel de la PAP II : mise en évidence d'un complexe protéique dans lequel l'activité de la PAP est inhibée." Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESA2025.

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La plante pokeweed (phytolacca americana) produit en grande quantite plusieurs toxines appelees paps (pokeweed antiviral proteins), trouvees dans les feuilles (pap i et pap ii) ou dans les graines (pap-s). Les paps, qui appartiennent a la famille des ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips), possedent a la fois une activite antivirale a large spectre et un effet inhibiteur tres prononce sur la traduction grace a leur activite arn n-glycosidase. Nous avons clone puis exprimes chez e. Coli les genes codant pour les differentes paps. Les paps recombinantes purifiees (de l'ordre de 10 mg de proteines recombinantes par litre de culture bacterienne) possedent les memes fonctions biologiques que les toxines purifiees de la plante. Nous avons montre que, contrairement aux autres paps, un gene de la pap ii comporte un intron ; ceci permet de suggerer que la pap ii represente la forme ancestrale des paps. Une etude preliminaire du mecanisme reactionnel des rips a ete realisee en utilisant deux approches complementaires. Nous avons procede a une modelisation moleculaire de la structure tridimensionnelle de la pap ii. Parallelement, des experiences de mutagenese dirigee ont ete realisees sur le gene de la pap ii. L'analyse des resultats obtenus permet de proposer un mecanisme reactionnel de l'activite n-glycosidase des rips. Nous avons mis en evidence une forme complexee de la pap i dans un extrait de feuilles de pokeweed. Cette forme complexee, appelee papi, possede un pi inferieure a celui de la toxine libre, ce qui permet leur separation par electrophorese en conditions non denaturantes. L'activite de la pap i impliquee dans ce complexe proteique est fortement ou totalement inhibee mais cette activite est restauree apres denaturation thermique du complexe. Des experiences preliminaires de caracterisation de la papi nous ont permis de suggerer que la papi pourrait correspondre soit a un homodimere de la toxine soit a un complexe pap i-proteine de 21 kda. La finalite de ce complexe pourrait etre la protection des ribosomes la plante vis-a-vis des toxines qu'elle synthetise
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Gómez, Sandra. "Synthetic 3D Pap Smear Nucleus Generation." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Information Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-129471.

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In this project we present a 3D Pap smear cell nucleus generator. The shape and the texture are the important features for a realistic synthetic nucleus. For the first one, the shape, a deformed distance transform is used in order to generate deformed spheres. For the second one, the texture, a pseudo random noise algorithm, Perlin noise, is applied to the shape in order to generate the most realistic texture of a cell. As a result, we obtain synthetic 3D cell nuclei as they appear in Pap smear tests.

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Desvoyes, Bénédicte. "Etude des protéines antivirales de Pokeweed (PAP) : production et caractérisation d'anticorps monoclonaux spécifiques de la PAP : mise en évidence d'un complexe protéique dans lequel l'activité de la PAP est inhibée." Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESA2024.

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La plante phytolacca americana synthetise plusieurs toxines appartenant a la famille des ribosome inactivating proteins (rips). Ces toxines inhibent la traduction grace a une activite arn-n-glycosidase. Elles possedent egalement une activite antivirale a large spectre contre de nombreux virus animaux et vegetaux. Ces proteines appelees pap (proteines antivirales de pokeweed) ont ete isolees a partir des feuilles (pap et pap ii) ou des graines (pap-s). L'objectif de notre travail etait d'etudier les mecanismes utilises par la plante pour se proteger de l'action de ces toxines qu'elle synthetise en grande quantite, en utilisant des sondes immunologiques specifiques. Des anticorps monoclonaux specifiques de la pap ont ete produits et caracterises. Ils ne presentent pas de reactions croisees avec l'isoforme pap ii. Un des anticorps reagit egalement avec la pap-s, son epitope a pu etre localise sur le domaine c-terminal de la pap. Un clone secreteur d'anticorps specifiques de la pap ii a egalement ete obtenu. Un dosage immunologique de la pap dans un extrait brut de feuilles a ete developpe et permet de quantifier la pap dans une gamme de concentrations allant de 1 a 100 ng/ml. Des observations, en microscopie photonique, de coupes de feuilles, apres immunomarquage par des anticorps polyclonaux, ont montre que la pap semblait plus concentree dans les cellules de l'epiderme et dans les nervures. Nous avons montre l'existence, dans un extrait de feuilles, d'un complexe proteique contenant la pap (papi). Cette papi a un pi inferieur a celui de la pap, ce qui a permis leur separation par electrophorese en conditions non denaturantes. L'action du sds seul ne permet pas la dissociation du complexe, celle-ci est obtenue par action de la chaleur, de ph acides ou alcalins et de l'uree. La masse moleculaire du complexe, determinee en western blot apres sds-page a ete estimee a 57 kda. L'activite de la pap dans le complexe est fortement inhibee mais peut etre restauree apres sa dissociation par la chaleur. La purification par chromatographie d'affinite a anticorps de la papi suggere qu'elle correspondrait soit a un dimere de pap forme de deux polypeptides de 29 kda, soit a un complexe pap-proteine de 21 kda. Nous avons ainsi mis en evidence un complexe dans lequel la pap est inhibee et qui pourrait intervenir dans un processus de protection de la plante contre les rips qu'elle synthetise
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Barth, Jasper. "The PAP-state : housing, health, and resilient authoritarianism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:551a83bf-f0a6-4a28-b682-e36e4019bc92.

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The thesis aims to explain the continued durability of state authoritarianism in Singapore. This durability is usually attributed to citizens acquiescing to Singapore's authoritarian state on account of the prosperity it has delivered. The thesis argues that the contemporary resilience of authoritarianism and undergirding stability of state-citizen relations is better accounted for by two factors. First, the state is apparently able to address evolving policy demands brought forward by citizens. Addressing contemporary 'hot button' issues through policy change produces popular support for the regime and eliminates the basis for serious political challenges. The thesis stresses the increasing role played by the state's provision of social protection and nation-building with respect to regime legitimation. Second, citizens are often able to sidestep authoritarian state practices in everyday life. The thesis argues that this can make authoritarian state practices more bearable for Singaporeans and thus further abates the emergence of pressures for political liberalisation. The thesis analyses economic and social policy to make these arguments while focussing on the public housing and healthcare programmes as central case studies. It also draws on fieldwork data about state interventions, and how these interventions pan out 'on the ground' in Singapore. Beyond the case of Singapore, the thesis speaks to the resilience and re-emergence of state authoritarianism in other countries. The thesis also contributes to state theory and discussions about the reconfiguration of states' economic and social functions in the face of economic globalisation.
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Baba, Awonke. "The impact of the colonial legacy on African institutions: A case study of the Pan-African Parliament (PAP)." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8273.

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Masters of Commerce
After Independence in Africa, vast institutions were established in order to deal with the legacy of colonialism and to encourage development in the continent. Decades later, some of these institutions are said to be ineffective due to a number of constraints – one of which is the colonial legacy which has rendered them almost dysfunctional. This study assesses the impacts of colonialism on these African institutions and uses the Pan-African Parliament (PAP) as a case study. Guided by Post-colonial theory and Institutional theory, and using Content Analysis (CA) as a tool for data analysis, this study has found that African institutions are operating under the influence of ex-colonial countries. This is evidenced by how these institutions are using European languages as their medium of communication and receive more than half of their funds from international bodies which then control their operations. This contributes to their inability to make decisions due to conflicting interests within the representatives and member states. Based on these findings, this study concludes that the colonial legacy plays a major role in delaying the development of African institutions. Therefore, this study provides recommendations or a way forward by arguing that these institutions which include the AU should tie/tighten the knots on their programmes such as the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) so as to strengthen democracy within member states. They should revive or reconsider constitutions that focus on the penalties for member states that do not pay their membership contribution as agreed and on those member states that fail to obey agreed to protocols. Lastly, this study recommends that fund-raising programmes should be established in selected member states so as to prevent financial dependency on international bodies that weaken African institutions.
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Javad, J. M. S. "Development of prostrate cancer vaccine using PAP as target antigen." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2014. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/59/.

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Treatment options for patients with advanced prostate cancer (PC) still remain limited and rarely curative. The prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is prostate specific protein over-expressed in more than 90% of prostate tumours. Although an FDA-approved vaccine for the treatment of advanced prostate disease, PROVENGE® (sipuleucel-T), has been shown to prolong survival, the precise sequence of the PAP protein responsible for the outcome remains unknown. As the PAP antigen is one of the very few prostate-specific antigens for which there is a rodent equivalent with high homology, pre-clinical studies using PAP have the potential to be directly relevant to the clinical setting. The current study identified HLA-A2 and HLA-DR1 PAP-derived peptides using the transgenic HHDII/DR1 and C57Bl/6 mice. The PAP-114-128 (15-mer) peptide was shown to elicit CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell-specific responses in C57Bl/6 mice. Furthermore, when immunised in a DNA vector format (ImmunoBody), PAP-114-128 was able to prevent and reduce the growth of TRAMP C1 prostate cancer cell-derived tumours in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. This anti-tumour effect was associated with an enhanced infiltration of CD8+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the generation of high avidity T cells secreting elevated levels of IFNγ. Importantly, PAP-114-128 specific IFNγ response was also seen in PBMC isolated from PC patients. Also, immunisation of C57Bl/6 and HHDII/DRI mice with the analogue peptide epitope (obtained by altering the second amino acid of PAP-114-128) showed significantly enhanced IFNγ response compared to PAP-114-128 epitope. Collectively, PAP-114-128 appears to be a highly relevant peptide on which to base vaccines for the treatment of advanced PC.
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Hancock, Andrew P. "EFFECT OF POST-ACTIVATION POTENTIATION (PAP) ON SWIM SPRINT PERFORMANCE." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1346001907.

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Adegboyega, Adebola Olamide. "DETERMINANTS OF PAP SCREENING AMONG SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN IMMIGRANT WOMEN." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/nursing_etds/33.

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The purpose of this dissertation was to explore the determinants of Pap screening completion among sub-Saharan African immigrant women. Cervical cancer is a public health problem globally. The risk of invasive cervical cancer remains high among sub- Saharan African immigrant women in the US despite being a preventable cancer. Early detection through Pap screening is crucial for prevention, treatment and prognosis. The specific aims of this dissertation were to 1) examine Pap screening practices among African immigrant women and to identify gaps to guide future research; 2) explore barriers and motivators that influence Pap screening decisions among African immigrant women; and 3) explore African immigrant men’s knowledge of Pap screening and attitudes about supporting their wives/female partners to utilize Pap screening, and 4) explore predictors of Pap screening use among sub-Saharan African immigrant women, Specific aim one was addressed by a review and synthesis of literature focused on Pap screening among African immigrant women. Common factors influencing Pap screening completion included immigration status, health care interactions, knowledge deficiency, religiosity, and certain personal characteristics. Specific aim two was addressed by the conduct of a qualitative descriptive study of barriers and motivators contributing to Pap screening decisions in 22 African immigrant women. Women experienced different barriers including low knowledge of screening, cultural beliefs, fear and communication issues. Addressing knowledge gaps and other barriers related to Pap screening may improve Pap screening participation in this group. Specific aim three was addressed by a qualitative descriptive study of men’s attitudes and beliefs regarding Pap screening and support for their wives for Pap screening participation. African immigrant men demonstrated suboptimal knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer screening. Most men had a lack of knowledge regarding HPV and its link with cervical cancer. Despite knowledge deficiency men showed significant interest in supporting their wife/female partners. Specific aim four was addressed by conducting an analysis of cross sectional data collected from 108 sub-Saharan African women. Predictors of Pap screening completion was determined using logistic regression while controlling for age and education. Pap screening awareness and provider’s recommendations were independent predictors of Pap screening. Given the unequitable burden of cervical cancer experienced by this population, the findings from this dissertation point to the need for a multilevel targeted health interventions directed toward African immigrant population are needed to increase the rates of Pap screening among African immigrant women. Prevention efforts should focus on individual level factors and develop culturally relevant strategies that will effectively provide educational outreach interventions and alleviate barriers to Pap screening. Engaging spousal support and addressing social norms related to spouses/partners’ roles that may influence partaking in cervical cancer screening is important among African immigrant women. Cervical cancer is preventable; Pap screening will lead to early detection of cervical cancer in female African immigrants.
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Braun, Sabine [Verfasser], and Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Ringwald. "Gepaarte Studie zur Validierung des neuen Thrombozytenaggregometers PAP-8® und zur Untersuchung des Einflusses der Einstellung der Thrombozytenkonzentration des plättchenreichen Plasmas auf die Ergebnisse der Thrombozytenaggregationstestung mit PAP-8® und PAP-4® / Sabine Braun. Betreuer: Jürgen Ringwald." Erlangen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1025963873/34.

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Books on the topic "PAP"

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Rifbjerg, Klaus. Pap: Digte. København: Gyldendal, 2004.

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Mehta, Harkishan. Pap paschatap. Rajkot: Pravin Prakashan, 1990.

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Rifbjerg, Klaus. Pap: Digte. [København]: Gyldendal, 2004.

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1959-, Kim Hwan-yŏng, ed. Chongi pap. Sŏul-si: Najŭn San, 2002.

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Institute for Antiquity and Christianity. Pap. Q. Claremont, Calif: Institute for Antiquity and Christianity, 1985.

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Pap kwa kŭl. Sŏul-si: K'ŏmyunik'eisyŏn Puksŭ, 2008.

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Boon, Mathilde E. The pap smear. 2nd ed. Leiden, Netherlands: Coulomb Press Leyden, 1993.

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Pap mŏngnŭn saramdŭl. Sŏul-si: Paengnam Munhwasa, 1992.

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Zadvornyĭ, V. L. Istorii︠a︡ rimskikh pap. Moskva: Kolledzh katolicheskoĭ teologii im. sv. Fomy Akvinskogo, 1995.

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H, Suurmeijer Albert J., ed. The Pap smear. 3rd ed. Australia: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "PAP"

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Adelberg, David E., and William Dahut. "PAP." In Cancer Therapeutic Targets, 419–26. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0717-2_28.

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Adelberg, David E., and William Dahut. "PAP." In Cancer Therapeutic Targets, 1–8. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6613-0_28-2.

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Braun-Falco, Markus, Henry J. Mankin, Sharon L. Wenger, Markus Braun-Falco, Stephan DiSean Kendall, Gerard C. Blobe, Christoph K. Weber, et al. "PAP." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 1573. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_6656.

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Cummings, DeAnn. "Pap Smear." In Primary Care Procedures in Women's Health, 65–78. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76604-1_7.

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Ashby, Karen L. "Pap Test." In Encyclopedia of Women’s Health, 958–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48113-0_320.

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Burnley, Josie E., and Crista E. Johnson-Agbakwu. "Pap Test." In Encyclopedia of Immigrant Health, 1172–75. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5659-0_575.

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Daugherty, Larry C., Brandon J. Fisher, Christin A. Knowlton, Michelle Kolton Mackay, David E. Wazer, Anthony E. Dragun, James H. Brashears, et al. "Pap Smear." In Encyclopedia of Radiation Oncology, 609. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85516-3_1214.

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Daugherty, Larry C., Brandon J. Fisher, Christin A. Knowlton, Michelle Kolton Mackay, David E. Wazer, Anthony E. Dragun, James H. Brashears, et al. "Pap Test." In Encyclopedia of Radiation Oncology, 609. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85516-3_1215.

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Kelemen, Pál. "Pap, Károly." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_16365-1.

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Pantanowitz, Liron. "Automated Pap Tests." In Practical Informatics for Cytopathology, 147–55. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9581-9_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "PAP"

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Patel, S., D. Gandhi, and D. Patel. "Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP)." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a3179.

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Kresin, Molly. "Pap Smear Quality Improvement Project." In NAPCRG 50th Annual Meeting — Abstracts of Completed Research 2022. American Academy of Family Physicians, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1370/afm.21.s1.3458.

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Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini, and Rita Benya Adriani. "Effect of Perceived Benefit on Pap Smear Examination Uptake in Women of Reproductive Age: A Meta-Analysis." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.133.

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ABSTRACT Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women. Pap smear examination can detect early and prevent late diagnosis of cervical cancer. Perception of benefits is one of the constructs of the Health Belief Model that can predict women’s intention in having a Pap smear. This study aimed to examine the effect of perceived benefit on Pap smear uptake using a meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: A meta analysis was conducted by searching articles from PubMed, Springer Link, Google Scholar databases. Keywords used “Health Belief Model” OR “HBM” OR “Perceived Benefit” AND “Pap smear” OR “Pap Test”. The inclusion criteria were full text, articles published from 2014 to 2019, and using cross sectional study design. The articles were selected by PRISMA flow chart. The quantitative data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3. Results: There were 6 articles that met the criteria. This study reported that strong perceived benefit increased Pap smear uptake in women of reproductive age (aOR= 1.15; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.24; p<0.001) with I2 = 88%. Conclusion: Strong perceived benefit increases Pap smear uptake in women of reproductive age. Keywords: perceived benefit, pap smear, cervical cancer, health belief model Correspondence: Maranata. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: maranataima@gmail.com. Mobile: 085867548771. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.133
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Siddigui, F. A., and E. C. Y. Lian. "PLATELET AGGLUTINATING PROTEIN P37 FROM A THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA PLASMA FORMS A COMPLEX WITH IMMUNOGLOBULIN G." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644589.

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A 37-KDa platelet agglutinating protein (PAP p37) from the plasma of a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), has been shown to be present in a subset of TTP patients. The platelet agglutination induced by PAP p37 has been demonstrated to be inhibited by igG from normal adults. To elucidate the mechanism of inhibition of IgG, the interaction between PAP p37 and IgG was studied. The complex formation was demonstrated by the binding of fluid-phase IgG to adsorbed PAP using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The binding was specific, concentration dependent and saturable. The IgG covalently cross-linked to Sepharose 4B bound 125I-PAP but not to 125I-fibrinogen. Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation of a mixture of 125I-PAP and IgG also revealed the fluid phase complex formation with a sedimentation value of 19S. Complexes of molecular weight ranging from 180,000 to over 350,000 daltons were also detected by molecular sieve chromatography. The specific complex formation between PAP p37 and IgG is likely to account for the in vitro inhibition of TTP plasma-induced agglutination and , at least partly, the in vivo successful treatment with IgG-containing normal plasma.
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Fujikawa, K., T. Funakoshi, R. L. Heimark, and J. F. Tait. "HUMAN PLACENTAL ANTICOAGULANT PROTEIN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642949.

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Endothelium is important to maintain blood fluidity preventing coagulation. Glycosaminoglycan in the endothelial cell plasma membrane has been thought to prevent activation of blood coagulation. Heparin-like compound, which is a potent anticoagulant activity, has been localized on the surface of the cultured endothelial cells. Anticoagulant action associated with thrombomodulin, which is present in endothelial cells, is another mechanism to provide hemostatic nature of endothelial cells.We wondered whether any other intracellular protein(s) is involved in coagulation. We looked for such a protein(s) in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. We soon found an anticoagulant activity in the soluble fraction of endothelial cells and it was partially purified. This activity was adsorbed to DEAE-Sepharose and eluted from a gel filtration column in a molecular weight range of 30,000-40,000. However, limited amounts of the cells made it difficult to purify this activity. We then chose human placenta as a substitute source of this protein and have continued the purification of this anticoagulant activity.In this communication, we describe the isolation and characterization of a placental anticoagulant protein, called "PAP", which is silmilar or possible same as the endothelial anticoaguant protein. PAP was purified from the soluble fraction of human placenta by ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose, Sephadex G-75, and mono S (Pharmacia). Approximately 20 mg of the protein was purified from one placenta. The purified protein gave a single band by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight of 36,500. This protein inhibited both kaolin- and thromboplastin-induced partial thromboplastin times of normal human plasma. It also inhibited the clotting time of platelet-rich plasma induced by factor Xa, but did not affect the thrombin activity of fibrinogen-fibrin conversion. The purified protein completely inhibited the prothrombin activation by reconstituted prothrombinase. The protein neither inhibited the amidolytic activity of factor Xa nor bound factor Xa. This protein specifically bound to phospholipid vesicles (20% phosphatidylserine and 80% phosphatidylcholine) in the presence of calcium ions. These results indicate that PAP inhibits coagulation through the binding to phospholipid vesicles. The study on the amino acid sequence of PAP is in progress in our laboratory. Surprisingly, the sequence analysis of the cyanogen bromide fragments revealed that PAP is a new member of the lipocortin or calpactin family. The sequences of several cyanogen bromide fragments of PAP aligns with the sequences of lipocortin I and II with over 50% identity.Since PAP interacts directly with phospholipid rather than factor Xa, other activation steps in the coagulation cascade, in which phospholipid is involved, are pro^|bly affected by PAP. These reactions are the activation of factor X by a complex of factor IXa-factor VIIIa-phospholipid-Ca++ and the activations of factor X and factor IX by a tissue factor-factor VIIa-Ca++ complex.Reutelingsperger et. al,, have reported the isolation of a novel inhibitor from arteries of human umbilical cord. This protein inhibited the prothrombin activation by prothrombinase. The authors proposed that the inhibition mechanism of this inhibitor was a competition with factor Xa for binding to phospholipid. This protein is very similar to PAP as to the mode of inhibition. The molecular weight of this inhibitor is 32,000, which is slightly smaller than PAP. With the limited chemical characterization of this protein, presently it is difficult to identify this inhibitor with PAP.At the present time, the physiological role and origin of PAP is not known. PAP may originate from the endothelium of placenta, because we have detected a PAP-like anticoagulant activity in bovine aortic endothelial cells. This activity and PAP were quite alike in the purification up to the gel filtration step. If PAP antibody recognizes the antigen in the endothelial cells, it is interesting to see whether PAP localizes on the surface or inside the cells. Nevertheless, if PAP is present in the endothelial cells, it may play an important role to maintain the hemostatic nature of endothelium. PAP may bind phospholipid components at injured sites, before coagulation factors come in contact with lipid components and initiate thrombolytic events.
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Cheng, Fang-Hsuan, and Nai-Ren Hsu. "A Computer-Aided Pap Smear Screening System." In 2017 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csci.2017.320.

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Uchida, K., K. Nakata, DE Koch, BC Carey, T. Suzuki, CA Stevens, Y. Yamada, and BC Trapnell. "Serologic Diagnosis of Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP)." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a3029.

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Dantas Barreto Rodrigues, Daniela, Ana Luísa Vieira, Filipa Aguiar, Maria João Araújo, Diana Pimenta, and Lurdes Ferreira. "The impact of PAP treatment in OHS." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.376.

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Leebeek, F. W. G., C. Kluft, D. C. Rijken, E. A. R. Knot, A. McNeill, and A. F. Cohen. "STUDIES ON THE CONSUMPTION OF THE PLASMINOGEN-BINDING (PB) AND NON-PB FORMS OF α2-ANTIPLASMIN BY ACTIVATING PLASMINOGEN IN PLASMA WITH t-PA IN VITRO AND IN VIVO." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644372.

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α2-Antiplasmin (AP) occurs in blood in two functional forms: a plasminogen binding (PB) and a non-PB (NPB) form with differences in the mechanism of plasmin inhibition. The two forms can be assayed using modified crossed immuno-electrophoresis with plasminogen incorporated in the first dimension gel. We studied the consumption of both AP-forms by activating plasminogen with t-PA: In vitro by addition of one-chain t-PA to plasma and in vivo in patients receiving two-chain rt-PA (BW-t-PA) during myocardial infarction. Results demonstrate that at various dosages of t-PA (up to 3 μg/ml plasma or 100 mg/90 min) after 90 min specifically the PB form was consumed (up to 95%), while the NPB form remains essentially unchanged (decrease ≤ 15%). Also during longer incubation the NPB form was not decreased. The consumption of the PB form was accompanied by the formation of plasmin-AP (PAP) complexes, which could be precipitated by antibodies to AP. SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting showed the complex and the post-complex peptide of about 14 kD immunochemic-ally related to AP. Also agarose-electrophoresis resulted in the separation of the peptide from the PAP complex. It showed a high electrophoretic mobility, which could be strongly reduced by the presence of plasminogen and it is therefore identified as the C-terminal part of AP, harbouring the plasminogen binding site of AP. Other experiments indicate that in plasma the C-peptide remains bound to the PAP complex: Upon gelfiltration the peptide co-chromatographs with the PAP complex and in vivo the peptide remains in circulation as long as the PAP complex is present in plasma. It is concluded that upon activation of plasminogen in vitro in plasma and in vivo during thrombolytic therapy with t-PA preferentially the PB-form of AP becomes consumed with the formation of a PAP complex. The PAP complex harbours a non covalently attached C-terminal peptide. Apparently the NPB form becomes not complexed to plasmin even during extensive systemic effects of t-PA in vivo.
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Bhan, Anupama, Garima Vyas, and Sourav Mishra. "Supervised segmentation of overlapping cervical pap smear images." In 2016 International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication (ICSC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icspcom.2016.7980580.

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Reports on the topic "PAP"

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Allen, Robert J., and Ali Sadeghi. PAP Flap. Touch Surgery Simulations, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18556/touchsurgery/2015.s0044.

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O'Leary, Timothy J. Automated Rescreening of Pap Smears. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada332970.

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Mynick, H. E. Introducing PAP: a plasma apprentice program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5628691.

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Witkowski, Marc. FILTER ADAPTERS FOR BI-PAP AND CPAP EQUIPMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1659137.

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Moscicki, Anna-Barbara, Heike Thiel de Bocanegra, Charlene Chang, Christine Dehlendorf, Miriam Kuppermann, George Sawaya, Sandy Navarro, et al. Determining Whether a Mobile App and Website Improve Appropriate Pap Test Screening for Cervical Cancer. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/08.2020.cdr.071501ic.

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Yelena, Gorina, and Elgaddal Nazik. Patterns of Mammography, Pap Smear, and Colorectal Cancer Screening Services Among Women Aged 45 and Over. National Center for Health Statistics, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:105533.

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This study examines and compares sociodemographic, health status, and health behavior patterns of screening for breast cancer, cervical cancer, and colorectal cancer among women aged 45 and over in the United States.
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McNeel, Douglas G. Evaluation of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP) as a Candidate Antigen for the Development of Cancer Vaccines for Prostate Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada392313.

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WHITE, W. F. PFP Public Automatic Exchange (PAX) Commercial Grade Item (CGI) Critical Characteristics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/802993.

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Griffiths, C., J. Livingood, L. Popkin, R. Woundy, and Y. Yang. Comcast's ISP Experiences in a Proactive Network Provider Participation for P2P (P4P) Technical Trial. RFC Editor, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc5632.

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Leaver, Clare, Owen Ozier, Pieter Serneels, and Andrew Zeitlin. Recruitment, Effort, and Retention Effects of Performance Contracts for Civil Servants: Experimental Evidence from Rwandan Primary Schools. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/048.

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This paper reports on a two-tiered experiment designed to separately identify the selection and effort margins of pay-for-performance (P4P). At the recruitment stage, teacher labor markets were randomly assigned to a pay-for-percentile or fixed-wage contract. Once recruits were placed, an unexpected, incentive-compatible, school-level re-randomization was performed, so that some teachers who applied for a fixed-wage contract ended up being paid by P4P, and vice versa. By the second year of the study, the within-year effort effect of P4P was 0.16 standard deviations of pupil learning, with the total effect rising to 0.20 standard deviations after allowing for selection.
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