Journal articles: 'Panicum'

1

Eyoh, G. D., M. D. Udo, and C. P. Edet. "Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of West African Dwarf Bucks Fed Different Forms of Processed Guinea Grass (Panicum Maximum)." Current Agriculture Research Journal 7, no. 2 (May 10, 2019): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.7.2.13.

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An experiment was conducted to determine the growth performance and carcass characteristics of West African Dwarf bucks fed different types of processed Panicum maximum. Twelve West African Dwarf bucks aged between 6 and 8 months with initial mean weight of 7.26 kg were intensively managed for 56 days. The experimental diets are wilted Panicum maximum, fresh Panicum maximum, ensiled Panicum maximum and Panicum maximum Hay designated as T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. The results revealed that goats placed on wilted Panicum maximum (T1) (135.18g/day) and hay, (T4) (139.29g/day) were similar in respect to concentrate intake. Forage intake showed significant (P<0.05) differences. Goats fed wilted Panicum (T1) (607.78g/day) and fresh Panicum maximum (T2) (634.46g/day) had similar intake but differed from goats placed on ensiled Panicum maximum (T3) and hay Panicum maximum (T4). Daily dry matter intake (DMI) differed (P<0.05) significantly among treatments. Total daily feed intake of goats on wilted Panicum maximum (T1) (42.96g/day) and fresh Panicum maximum (T2) (759.80g/day) were similar and differed from total daily feed intake of goats placed on ensiled Panicum maximum(564.28g/day) and Hay Panicum maximum484g/day. Goats fed wilted Panicum maximum produced higher value of live weight which did not differ (P>0.05) from other treatments.Bucks on fresh Panicum maximum (T2) had higher value of bled weight (7.40kg) but did not significantly differ (P>0.05). Heavier dressed weight (35.62) was recorded by goats fed wilted Panicum maximum (T1) but did not significantly differ (P>0.05) from other treatments. Dressing percentages, thigh, loin, internal organs and bone to lean ratio were not significantly different (P>0.05) from each other. The use of Panicum maximum in any form has no effect on conversion of forage into meat and formation of any part.

2

Guglieri, Adriana, Fernando O. Zuloaga, and Hilda Maria Longhi-Wagner. "Sinopse das espécies de Panicum L. subg. Panicum (Poaceae, Paniceae) ocorrentes no Brasil." Acta Botanica Brasilica 18, no. 2 (June 2004): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062004000200015.

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O levantamento de Panicum subg. Panicum revelou a ocorrência de 29 espécies para o Brasil. O trabalho apresenta chaves para diferenciar o subgênero Panicum de outras seções de Panicum atualmente não agrupadas em subgêneros definidos, e para espécies do subgênero Panicum, ilustrações de caracteres taxonômicos selecionados e dados de distribuição geográfica das espécies tratadas.

3

N.M., Witariadi, and N. N. C. Kusumawati. "Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Rumput Panicum maximum cv. Trichoglume yang Ditanam Bersama Leguminosa dengan Jumlah Berbeda." Pastura 12, no. 1 (September 23, 2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/pastura.2022.v12.i01.p09.

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Percobaan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan hasil rumput Panicum maximum cv. Trichoglume yang ditanam bersama leguminosa dengan jumlah berbeda. Percobaan dilaksanakan di rumah kaca dan berlangsung selama 3 bulan. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) terdiri dari 1 faktor dengan 7 taraf perlakuan dan masing-masing diulang 5 kali, terdapat 35 pot percobaan. Perlakuan tersebut: P1 (Panicum maximum cv. Trichoglume); P2 (Panicum maximum cv. Trichoglume + 1 Clitoria ternatea); P3 (Panicum maximum cv. Trichoglume + 2 Clitoria ternatea); P4 (Panicum maximum cv. Trichoglume + 3 Clitoria ternatea); P5 (Panicum maximum cv. Trichoglume + 1 Centrocema pubescens); P6 (Panicum maximum cv. Trichoglume + 2 Centrocema pubescens) dan; P7 (Panicum maximum cv. Trichoglume + 3 Centrocema pubescens). Variabel yang diamati adalah variabel pertumbuhan, variabel hasil dan variabel karakteristik tumbuh tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan dan hasil rumput Panicum maximum cv. Trichoglume yang ditanam bersama leguminosa dengan jumlah berbeda dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil dari rumput. Semakin banyak jumlah leguminosa ditanam bersama dengan rumput menyebabkan pertumbuhan dan hasil rumput menurun. Hasil terbaik bila rumput itu ditanam bersama dengan 1 buah tanaman Centrocema pubescens (P5). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pertumbuhan dan hasil rumput Panicum maximum cv. Trichoglume memberikan hasil terbaik bila ditanam bersama dengan l tanaman Centrocema pubescens (P5) Kata kunci: Centrocema pubescens, Clitoria ternatea, hasil, Panicum maximum, pertumbuhan

4

Almeida, Rodrigo Estevam Munhoz de, Caio Macret Gomes, Bruno Cocco Lago, Silas Maciel de Oliveira, Clovis Pierozan Junior, and José Laércio Favarin. "Corn yield, forage production and quality affected by methods of intercropping corn and Panicum maximum." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 52, no. 3 (March 2017): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017000300004.

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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate methods of intercropping corn and Panicum spp. forages and their effects on corn yield and forage development. Two experiments with Panicum spp. were conducted, one with 'Tanzania' and other with 'Massai' in the municipality of Piracicaba, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in the 2012/2013 growing season. In both experiments, the treatments were: broadcast seeding of Panicum spp. at the same time of corn sowing; corn with Panicum spp. between rows; Panicum spp. sown with fertilizer; Panicum spp. sown between corn rows after corn establishment; broadcast seeding of Panicum spp. after corn establishment; and sole corn sowing. For corn, leaf nitrogen content, ear height, and grain yield were evaluated. For Panicum spp. cultivars, height, dry mass, tiller density, and leaf:stem ratio were evaluated. The intercropping establishment methods used do not affect corn growth, grain yield, and N leaf content. The seeding of both cultivars of Panicum spp. when corn plants had four expanded leaves reduces forage dry mass production and increases the leaf:stem ratio. The Panicum spp. broadcast method, performed after corn was established, does not allow appropriate establishment, with few plants in the area.

5

Patterson, David T., Ann E. Russell, David A. Mortensen, Robert D. Coffin, and Elizabeth P. Flint. "Effects of Temperature and Photoperiod on Texas Panicum (Panicum texanum) and Wild Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum)." Weed Science 34, no. 6 (November 1986): 876–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004317450006803x.

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Texas panicum (Panicum texanumBuckl. # PANTE) is a native of the Southwest, now increasing as a weed throughout the southern United States, whereas wild proso millet (Panicum miliaceumL. # PANMI) is an introduced weed currently increasing in importance in the northern Midwest. In controlled-environment chambers, both species produced more tillers, greater leaf area, and more total dry weight at 30/24 C day/night (simulated growing season temperature in Georgia) than at 24/18 C (simulated growing season temperature in Minnesota). Texas panicum accumulated more dry matter at 30/24 C than did wild proso millet, while wild proso millet accumulated more dry matter at 24/18 C than did Texas panicum. When the two species were grown together, Texas panicum was the superior competitor at 30/24 C while wild proso millet was superior at 24/18 C. Exposure to short photoperiods at an intermediate temperature of 27/21 C accelerated flowering and limited vegetative growth in both species. In the range of photoperiods (10 to 16 h) examined, wild proso millet always flowered earlier and, consequently, produced less vegetative growth than Texas panicum. Its responses to temperature and photoperiod indicate that wild proso millet probably would be competitively inferior to Texas panicum and other adapted grass weeds in the southern United States.

6

Zuloaga, Fernando O., and Osvaldo Morrone. "Revision De Las Especies Americanas De Panicum Subgenero Panicum Seccion Panicum (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae)." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 83, no. 2 (1996): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2399947.

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7

Guglieri, Adriana, Hilda M. Longhi-Wagner, and Fernando O. Zuloaga. "Panicum complanatum (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae), a New Species for Southeastern Brazil." Systematic Botany 31, no. 3 (July 1, 2006): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364406778388601.

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A new species, Panicum complanatum from southeastern Brazil is described and illustrated, including a key to distinguish it from similar taxa. Panicum complanatum belongs to Panicum subg. Panicum and is characterized mainly by the presence of a regular row of flattened, long hairs at the ventral base of the upper lemma and palea.

8

Odero, Dennis C., Mathew Duchrow, and Nikol Havranek. "Critical Timing of Fall Panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) Removal in Sugarcane." Weed Technology 30, no. 1 (March 2016): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-15-00091.1.

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Fall panicum is the most troublesome annual grass weed in sugarcane in Florida. The critical timing of fall panicum removal in sugarcane or the maximum amount of early season interference that sugarcane can tolerate before it suffers irrecoverable yield loss is not known. Field studies were conducted from 2012 to 2015 in Belle Glade, FL to determine the critical timing of fall panicum removal and season-long interference in sugarcane. The effect of season-long fall panicum interference and critical timing of removal based on 5 and 10% acceptable yield loss (AYL) levels were determined by fitting a log-logistic equation to percentage millable stalk, cane, and sugar yield loss data. Millable stalks, cane, and sucrose yield decreased as the duration of fall panicum interference increased. Season-long interference of fall panicum resulted in 34 to 60%, 34 to 62%, and 44 to 60% millable stalk, cane, and sucrose yield loss, respectively. The critical timing of fall panicum removal based on 5 and 10% AYL for millable stalks was 5 to 9 wk after sugarcane emergence (WAE). At 5 and 10% AYL, the critical timing of fall panicum removal ranged from 5 to 9 WAE and 6 to 8 WAE for cane and sucrose yield loss, respectively. These results show that fall panicum is competitive with sugarcane early in the season, demonstrating the need for timely early-season control to reduce negative effect on yield.

9

Guglieri, Adriana, Hilda Maria Longhi-Wagner, and Fernando O. Zuloaga. "Panicum sect. Dichotomiflora (Hitchc. & Chase) Honda e P. sect. Virgata Hitchc. & Chase ex Pilg. (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) no Brasil." Acta Botanica Brasilica 21, no. 4 (December 2007): 785–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062007000400004.

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(Panicum sect. Dichotomiflora (Hitchc. & Chase) Honda e P. sect. Virgata Hitchc. & Chase ex Pilg. (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) no Brasil). Panicum L. subg. Panicum inclui cerca de 100 espécies predominantemente tropicais. Deste total, aproximadamente 50 espécies são americanas e ocorrem desde o Canadá até Argentina, Uruguai e Brasil. Está representado no Brasil por 30 espécies, três delas sem seção definida, e as demais distribuídas entre P. sect. Dichotomiflora (Hitchc. & Chase) Honda, P. sect. Panicum, P. sect. Rudgeana (Hitchc.) Zuloaga, P. sect. Urvilleana (Hitchc. & Chase) Pilger e P. sect. Virgata Hitchc. & Chase ex Pilg. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fornecer meios para a identificação das espécies de Panicum sect. Dichotomiflora e P. sect. Virgata nativas e exóticas naturalizadas ocorrentes no Brasil, contribuindo para o conhecimento da flora agrostológica brasileira e fornecendo subsídios para pesquisas em outras áreas. Para este estudo foram realizadas revisão bibliográfica, revisão de herbários, coletas e observação de populações no campo, bem como análise da superfície do segundo antécio em Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Panicum sect. Dichotomiflora inclui cerca de 11 espécies neotropicais, das quais seis têm ocorrência confirmada no Brasil e ocorrem principalmente em ambientes úmidos como brejos e margens de cursos d'agua. Panicum sect. Virgata inclui aproximadamente oito espécies neotropicais, das quais quatro ocorrem no Brasil, em ambientes variados tais como cerrado, campos e brejos. O trabalho apresenta chaves para identificação dos grupos taxonômicos atualmente aceitos em Panicum e ocorrentes no Brasil, tabela comparativa das seções de Panicum subg. Panicum, bem como chave para identificação, descrições, dados de distribuição geográfica e da superfície do segundo antécio em MEV, ilustrações e fotomicrografias das espécies de P. sect. Dichotomiflora e P. sect. Virgata confirmadas para o país.

10

Johnson, A. L., T. J. Divers, M. L. Freckleton, H. C. McKenzie, E. Mitchell, J. M. Cullen, and S. P. McDonough. "Fall Panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) Hepatotoxicosis in Horses and Sheep." Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 20, no. 6 (2006): 1414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1892/0891-6640(2006)20[1414:fppdhi]2.0.co;2.

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Johnson, A. L., TJ Divers, M. L. Freckleton, H. C. McKenzie, E. Mitchell, J. M. Cullen, and S. P. McDonough. "Fall Panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) Hepatotoxicosis in Horses and Sheep." Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 20, no. 6 (November 2006): 1414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb00760.x.

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Sillman, Sarah J., Stephen T. Lee, Jeff Claborn, Jennifer Boruch, and Seth P. Harris. "Fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) toxicosis in three juvenile goats." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 31, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638718820083.

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Consumption of certain grasses belonging to the genus Panicum has been found to cause hepatogenous photosensitization and crystal-associated cholangiohepatopathy in small ruminants, and liver disease in horses, in many areas of the world. We describe herein the clinical findings, microscopic lesions, and steroidal saponin analysis of Panicum dichotomiflorum associated with fatal toxicosis in 3 juvenile goats in Nebraska. The disease presentation in our case was fulminant, with anorexia, marked icterus, and death for all affected animals in less than a week. Photosensitization was not observed. The microscopic lesions consisted of severe crystal-associated cholangiohepatopathy and nephropathy, with aggregates of clear or refractile and birefringent, acicular crystals present within bile ducts, macrophages, hepatocytes, and renal tubules. High-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry of the grass samples demonstrated that dichotomin was the major steroidal saponin present (0.89 µg/mg); protodioscin was also present (0.059 µg/mg). The findings were consistent with ingestion of steroidal saponins, and P. dichotomiflorum was identified as the predominant forage available.

13

Ajayi, F. T. "Dry matter yield, mineral contents and proximate composition of Panicum maximum (Jacq var. Ntchisi) sown with forage legumes." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 39, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v39i1.2275.

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This study assessed the dry matter yield, mineral and proximate composition of Panicum maximum Jacq var. Ntchisi planted with Lablab purpureus (Lablab), Centrosema pubescens (Centro), Aeschynomene histrix (A. histrix) and Stylosanthes guianensis (Stylo) in a 3 x 5 factorial experiment using Randomized Complete Block Design in early, mid and late rainy season. The dry matter yields (DMY) of panicum sown with Lablab (11.82 t/ha/yr) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that observed for other mixtures. The least DMY of 9.46 t/ha/yr was observed for panicum in panicum/ A. histrix mixture. The yields recorded for Stylo and Lablab were highest in mid and late rainy seasons than in the early rain. Panicum sown with Lablab had the highest DM (37.71g/100g DM), Crude protein (CP) (11.36g/100g DM), ether extracts (7.20g/100g DM) and ash content (2.52g/100g DM). Among the legumes, Lablab had the highest CP (23.29 g/100g DM), crude fibre (10.61 g/100g DM) and ash content (3.96 g/100g DM). However, Centro was highest in ether extract (9.30g/100g DM). Panicum sown with Lablab had higher concentration of sodium (Na) and iron (Fe) while panicum planted with Stylo had highest concentration of phosphorus (P). The concentration of calcium (Ca) was similar (P>0.05) among the mixtures but differed (P<0.05) in the legumes. Stylo had the highest Ca concentration (0.72%) whereas highest P and Fe values were observed in Lablab. In conclusion, panicum harvested from panicum/lablab mixture had the highest DMY, CP, EE and ash content of grass in early, mid and late rainy season than the other mixtures.

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Boonyaroj, Varinthorn, and Samanya Sanguanpak. "Effect of Sodium Hydroxide Concentrations on Properties of Panicum repens for Pulp and Paper." Applied Mechanics and Materials 866 (June 2017): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.866.216.

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Panicum repens is a species of grass known by many common names, including torpedo grass, creeping panic, panic rampant, couch panicum, wainaku grass, quack grass, dog-tooth grass, and bullet grass. The paper has been made from non-wood materials for long times. This research was used Panicum repens for made grass pulp as non-wood fiber. The influence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations on properties of pulp from Panicum repens was investigated under room temperature. NaOH concentration levels were varied at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively. Moreover, Paper pulp from Panicum repens was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). This research has controlled the length of fiber approximately 0.5-2.5 cm before soaked with NaOH concentration at 1 hour and soak with water for controlled pH value at 7-8. Paper pulp was formed on a sieve. The result showed that color of paper pulp made from Panicum repens was light brown and green. SEM showed that NaOH concentration affects the physical properties of paper pulp. Moreover, true density of paper pulp was also investigated in this research.

15

Gao, Jian-Guo, Pat Heslop-Harrison, Ping-Li Liu, and Ren-Gang Zhang. "Panicum virgatum (Poaceae)." Trends in Genetics 37, no. 8 (August 2021): 771–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2021.04.009.

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16

Zuloaga, Fernando O. "A Revision of Panicum Subgenus Panicum Section Rudgeana (Poaceae: Paniceae)." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 74, no. 3 (1987): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2399313.

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17

Polo L., Edgar Alexis. "Rendimiento Y Componentes De Valor Nutritivo De Tres Cultivares Panicum Máximum." Scientia 31, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.48204/j.scientia.v31n1a3.

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Los géneros Panicum variedades como Mombaça, Tobiatá y Colonial se han introducido a diferentes regiones del país con éxito y fracaso debido a que no se tiene la información de su comportamiento a nivel nacional y nos guiamos por la de los países donde se han introducidos con características de clima, suelo y topografía totalmente variante a la de nuestro país. El trabajo se realizó en el Centro de Enseñanzas e Investigaciones Agropecuarias de Tocumen (CEIAT) de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad de Panamá. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar tres cultivares de Panicum máximum (Massai, Tanzania y Aruana). La siembra fue con semilla gámica a razón de 6.0 kg/ha de semillas gámica, a una distancia de 0.50 cm entre surco y a chorro continuo. El diseño experimental fue de bloque completamente al azar, con cuatro repeticiones. Los cortes se realizaron cada 30 días. El tamaño de las parcelas fue de 9.00 mt2. Aunque las tres especies tuvieron comportamiento aceptable por su rendimiento de materia seca (P<0.05), destaco Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania con 30.00 y 9.40 t/ha para los periodos lluviosos (invierno) y seco (verano), respectivamente, mientras que Panicum maximum cv. Massai resulto superior (P<0.05) en el contenido de proteína bruta (11.30%). En la época seca no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la altura de los cultivares, pero en el periodo lluvioso Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania y Panicum maximum cv. Massai superaron a Panicum maximum cv. Aruana.

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Grichar, W. James, A. Edwin Colburn, and Noble S. Kearney. "Herbicides for Reduced Tillage Production in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in the Southwest." Weed Technology 8, no. 2 (June 1994): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00038677.

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Field studies were conducted in 1988 and 1989 under dryland and irrigated conditions to determine effects of various herbicides for use in peanuts on weed control and peanut yield under a reduced tillage system. Under dryland and irrigated conditions, sethoxydim + acifluorfen consistently controlled Texas panicum. Paraquat + bentazon controlled Texas panicum poorly under dryland conditions. Pendimethalin + metolachlor provided ≥ 80% Texas panicum control under irrigated conditions.

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Wehtje, Glenn, John A. McGuire, Robert H. Walker, and Michael G. Patterson. "Texas Panicum (Panicum texanum) Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) with Paraquat." Weed Science 34, no. 2 (March 1986): 308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004317450006687x.

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Paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) was applied to peanuts (Arachis hypogaeaL. ‘Florunner’) for Texas panicum (Panicum texanumBuckl. # PANTE) control at 0.07, 0.14, and 0.28 kg ai/ha under five application schedules; a single application at 0, 1, 3, or 5 weeks after ground cracking, or multiple applications at 1 + 5 weeks or 1 + 3 + 5 weeks after ground cracking. Peanuts were planted at two different times (normal and late). A herbicide application at the third week (normal planting), or the third or fifth week after ground cracking (late planting) provided acceptable Texas panicum control. Control generally increased with rate. However, increasing paraquat rates with single applications on late-planted peanuts or multiple applications to normal- and late-planted peanuts tended to reduce yield and grade. A single application of 0.07 or 0.14 kg/ha applied the third week after ground cracking consistently provided the best balance between Texas panicum control and crop safety.

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Prostko, Eric P., Timothy L. Grey, and Jerry W. Davis. "Texas Panicum (Panicum texanum) Control in Irrigated Field Corn (Zea mays) with Foramsulfuron, Glyphosate, Nicosulfuron, and Pendimethalin." Weed Technology 20, no. 4 (December 2006): 961–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-05-145.1.

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Texas panicum is considered to be the most troublesome weed of field corn in the Southeast. Field trials were conducted in Georgia in 2003 and 2004 to compare pendimethalin, nicosulfuron, foramsulfuron, and glyphosate for Texas panicum control in irrigated field corn and to determine which herbicide provided the greatest economic returns. Pendimethalin applied early POST (EPOST), 10 to 12 d after planting (DAP), controlled Texas panicum less than 35% late in the season and resulted in reduced corn yield and net returns in 2004. Glyphosate applied sequentially POST at 21 to 24 DAP and again late POST (LPOST) at 35 to 38 DAP controlled Texas panicum 82 to 94% late in the season compared with 43 to 80% control by nicosulfuron and foramsulfuron applied POST. Texas panicum control, corn yield, and net returns were similar with glyphosate applied POST and LPOST at 0.53 or 1.1 kg ai/ha. Glyphosate applied POST and LPOST was more effective than glyphosate POST, but net returns were greater only in 2004.

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Cordazzo, Cesar Vieira, and Anthony John Davy. "Seed production and seed quality of the dune building grass Panicum racemosum Spreng." Acta Botanica Brasilica 8, no. 2 (December 1994): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33061994000200004.

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Seed production, pollination requirement, seed characteristics related to quality and the relationship between number and mass of seeds were examined for Panicum racemosum in three successional populations in southern Brazilian coastal dunes. The seed production was generally low and declined further between the frontal dunes and the backdunes, dropping from 4.05 seeds per panicle in the former to 1.8 seeds in the latter. However fertility (% fertile florets) did not differ among the three habitats. Plants cross-pollinated in a glasshouse showed an increase in seed production to 41.4 seeds compared to no seed production in self-pollinated plants. Caryopses varied in mass from 3.2 to 12.2 mg with a mean of 7.98 mg. A strong negative correlation was found between mean individual seed mass and the total number of seeds per panicle in a natural population. However, this relationship did not persist in seeds produced by cultivated plants in the glasshouse. The causes of low seed production appear to be mainly pollen self-incompatibility and additionally competition for nutrients between sexual reproduction and allocation to clonal growth. Under conditions of nutrient shortage, Panicum racemosum probably allocates resources more to clonal growth and to fewer, but well-endowed seeds. This would permit emergence from deeper burial sand, faster growth and greater survival of seedlings.

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Zuloaga, Fernando O., Liliana M. Giussani, and Osvaldo Morrone. "On the Taxonomic Position of Panicum aristellum (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae)." Systematic Botany 31, no. 3 (July 1, 2006): 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364406778388548.

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In a recent treatment, the genus Panicum was restricted to subgenus Panicum based on molecular, morphological, and anatomical data. Also, other species of Panicum were transferred to different genera of the Paniceae, such as Dichanthelium, Hymenachne, Phanopyrum, and Steinchisma, while the remaining American species of Panicum were temporarily placed as incertae sedis taxa. Therefore, these incertae sedis species are in need of a new taxonomic status within the tribe. In this study, the taxonomic position of Panicum aristellum, an endemic species of central and southeastern Brazil, is evaluated using morphological and anatomical characters, together with sequence data from ndhF, a molecular marker from the chloroplast. The sequence of Panicum aristellum was analyzed together with other species of the subfamily Panicoideae. This species grouped with the genus Canastra in a well-supported clade. Several synapomorphies characterized the clade: caespitose plants, keeled sheaths, aristate spikelets, scabrous bracts, the number of nerves of the glumes and lower lemma, the presence of a lower palea and lower flower, a non-indurate upper anthecium, and a similar geographical distribution. In addition, both species are C3 with non-Kranz anatomy. As a result, the new combinationCanastra aristella is proposed and the species is compared to putatively related genera within the Paniceae.

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Hidosa, Denbela, Asmera Adicha, and Muhaba Sultan. "Production and Commercialization Status of Improved Panicum Grass Cultivation in the Lowland Livestock Production System of South Omo South-Western Ethiopia." Research on World Agricultural Economy 3, no. 4 (October 31, 2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v3i4.694.

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Lack of information on the production and commercialization status of improved Panicum grass is one of the major livestock production impediments in South Omo. The improved Panicum grass is a perennial grass species used throughout the tropics for livestock feeding. Therefore, the present study was conducted to understand the seed and hay production status and the economic visibility of improved Panicum grass cultivation. The face-to-face interviews were conducted with improved Panicum grass producers. The quantitative data, such as the amount of bales and seed produced, and the qualitative data, such as agro-pastoralists’ perceptions, were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and the Likert scale. The results revealed that the seed yield and herbage productivity after seed harvest were 2.5 quintals and 788 bales per hectare per cut, respectively. The average income generated from the sale of herbage and seed of Panicum grass was 325,350 ETB and 442,500 ETB per hectare per year, respectively. Based on the results, the authors concluded that joint efforts are needed to step the agro-pastoralists out of the poverty vicious cycle through promoting wide-scale improved Panicum grass production by linking products to market sources in addition to legumePanicum grass-based cattle and goat fattening intervention.

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Meyer, Mary Hockenberry, and Joe Paul. "Miscanthus sinensis and Panicum virgatum Competition Study." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1106B—1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1106b.

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Many different vegetatively propagated cultivars of Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. are popular ornamental grasses sold at garden centers and nurseries. Large stands of the “wild type” or species (not ornamental cultivars) of this grass have self-seeded near Asheville, N.C.; Valley Forge, Pa.; and Washington, D.C. In order to document the competitive ability of this self-seeded naturalized species, a greenhouse competition study was conducted with Panicum virgatum L. `Forestburg' (P), switchgrass, and several non-native, naturalized biotypes of Miscanthus sinensis (M) grown from seed collected from the above locations. Seedlings were transplanted into #1 (2.88 L) containers in nine different planting arrangements: 2M; 4M; 8M; 2M2P; 4M4P; 8M8P; 2P; 4P; 8P, and grown for 15 weeks. Growth measurements were taken during the 15 weeks. At harvest, shoot and root dry weights were calculated. Panicum had significantly larger root (0.50 g vs. 6.00 g) and shoot (6.96 g vs. 2.3 g) biomass, respectively, than Miscanthus. Intraspecific competition in monocultures was significantly higher for Panicum than Miscanthus. Panicum showed higher competitive ability than all Miscanthus biotypes, with one exception: root dry weights of one Pennsylvania biotype. Panicum increased in dry weight at the expense of Miscanthus. Panicum dominated Miscanthus during the 15 weeks and, in this study, proved to be a better competitor than Miscanthus. Miscanthus and Panicum did not fully share the common limiting resources and they showed partial resource complementarity. Miscanthus biotype variation was evident; the highest dry weights were from a Pennsylvania biotype and the smallest weights were from a Washington, D.C., biotype.

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Yusuf, A. O., O. S. Sowande, O. M. Sogunle, V. A. Akinbami, O. O. Oyebanji, O. A. Yusuf, D. A. Ekunseitan, K. A. Adeleye, and A. B. J. Aina. "Accessing the nutritional composition and phytochemical screening of Panicum maximum and Newbouldia laevis leaves." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 40, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v40i1.684.

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Ruminant livestock in most parts of the tropics graze extensively on naturally growing forages which are poor in quality. These tropical forages compared to those in the temperate, support lower levels of ruminant animal production mainly because they contain less nitrogen and are less digestible. The quality and quantity of these grasses become more critical in the dry seasons and thereby imposing more serious constraint to the development and productivity of these animals. Therefore, a study was conducted to access nutritional composition of Panicum maximum and Newbouldia laevis. Phytochemical screening of Newbouldia laevis was also carried out. Newbouldia laevis had higher crude fibre, ether extract and crude protein compared to Panicim maximum. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Tannin, Alkaloids, Flavonoids and Saponnin in Newbouldia laevis. The percentages of tannin, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponin in the Newbouldia laevis were 11.5, 52.07, 3.1 and 0.64, respectively while none was recorded for Panicum maximum. The relatively high crude fibre, ether extract and crude protein values for both plants s appeared satisfactory for animal production. Also, the presence of the phytochemicals in the plant showed it importance in ethno veterinary medicine and pharmacology.

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Schroeder, Jill, Clyde C. Dowler, and James R. Stansell. "Texas Panicum (Panicum texanum) Growth as Affected by Irrigation Management and Planting Date." Weed Science 38, no. 4-5 (September 1990): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500056691.

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The effect of soil matric potential from −0.02 to <–1.5 MPa on Texas panicum growth in drainage lysimeters covered by an automatic rainfall shelter was measured in 1984, 1985, and 1986. Rate of tiller production was faster for plants established in April than June in 1984 and 1985, but not 1986. In 1985 and 1986, dry weight was greater, but total seed production was less for plants established in April than June. Irrigation when the soil matric potential was −0.02, −0.075, or −1.5 MPa did not affect rate of tiller production in 1984. Irrigation when the soil matric potential was −1.5 MPa decreased dry weight of plants but increased seed number per panicle compared to irrigation when the soil matric potential was −0.02 MPa in 1985 and 1986. Plants grown in lysimeters irrigated at soil matric potential <–1.5 MPa in 1985 and 1986 did not wilt at 8:00 a.m.; therefore, they were not watered after establishment. These nonirrigated plants averaged 0.9 and 0.4 kg dry weight and produced 92 200 and 16 100 seeds in 1985 and 1986, respectively.

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Fernandez, Jose V., D. Calvin Odero, Gregory E. MacDonald, Jason A. Ferrell, Brent A. Sellers, and P. Christopher Wilson. "Differential Response of Fall Panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) Populations in Florida Sugarcane to Asulam." Weed Technology 32, no. 6 (November 21, 2018): 762–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2018.71.

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AbstractSugarcane growers in Florida have been reporting reduced control of fall panicum with asulam, the main herbicide used for POST grass control. Therefore, outside container experiments were conducted to determine the response of four fall panicum populations from Florida to asulam applied alone and to evaluate whether tank-mix combination with trifloxysulfuron enhances control. Asulam was applied at 230 to 7,400 g ai ha−1, corresponding to 1/16 to 2X the maximum labeled rate for a single application in sugarcane, with or without combination with trifloxysulfuron at 16 g ai ha−1. Three fall panicum populations were collected from fields in which reduced control had been reported, while one population was from a field not used for sugarcane production but adjacent to a sugarcane field. The potency of asulam based on ED50values (the rate required to cause 50% dry weight reduction at 28 d after treatment) ranged from 2,249 to 5,412 g ha−1for tolerant populations with reported reduced fall panicum control compared with 1,808 g ha−1for the susceptible population from the field not used for sugarcane production, showing that the latter was most sensitive to asulam. Addition of trifloxysulfuron to asulam increased potency on fall panicum by 5- to 15-fold, indicating that the tank mix enhanced dry weight reduction for all populations. The probability of fall panicum survival (regrowth after aboveground biomass harvesting) at the labeled rate of asulam ranged from 2% to 47% compared with 0% to 6% when trifloxysulfuron was added to the tank mix. Our results show differential response of fall panicum populations in Florida to asulam, which can be overcome by tank mixing with trifloxysulfuron even for populations that are difficult to control in sugarcane, but no evolution of resistance to asulam.

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Fausey, Jason C., and Karen A. Renner. "Germination, emergence, and growth of giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) and fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum)." Weed Science 45, no. 3 (June 1997): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500093097.

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Controlled environment experiments were completed to determine the effect of temperature on giant foxtail and fall panicum germination, emergence, and growth. Giant foxtail seed germination decreased when exposed to a constant 30 C compared to 20 C. Germination also decreased in the alternating 20/30 C temperature regime when the hours of exposure to 30 C as compared to 20 C increased. Fall panicum required alternating temperatures of 14 C (9 h)/28 C (15 h) to germinate. Giant foxtail seed germination exceeded 60% 4 d after exposure to an alternating temperature of 7 C (9.4 h)/20 C (14.6 h). Conversely, fall panicum seed did not germinate at the 7 C (9.4 h)/20 C (14.6 h) temperature regime and required a minimum of 7 d exposure to alternating temperatures of 13 C (8.7 h)/26 C (15.3 h) for 88% of the seed to germinate. The greatest emergence of giant foxtail and fall panicum was from 1 cm and 1 to 2.5 cm, respectively. Less than 5% of the giant foxtail and fall panicum seed emerged from 7.5 cm. The growth of giant foxtail seedlings was five times greater than that of fall panicum at each temperature regime tested. Incorporation of this information into bioeconomic models could result in accurate predictions of weed germination for effective weed management strategies.

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Zuloaga, Fernando O., and Osvaldo Morrone. "Panicum sciurotoides, a New Species of Panicum (Poaceae: Paniceae) from America." Novon 1, no. 1 (1991): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3391708.

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Fladung, Matthias, and Josef Hesselbach. "Callus induction and plant regeneration in Panicum bisulcatum and Panicum milioides." Plant Cell Reports 5, no. 3 (June 1986): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00269110.

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Carpenter, Judith L., and Herbert J. Hopen. "A Comparison of the Biology of Wild and Cultivated Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum)." Weed Science 33, no. 6 (November 1985): 795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500083363.

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Wild and cultivated proso millet (Panicum miliaceumL. ♯ PANMI) showed increased height and dry mass with increasing photoperiod and flowered under all photoperiods. Increasing planting density decreased height and dry mass and slowed seedhead development in both types. Shading increased plant height and decreased dry mass of both millets and increased germination compared to unshaded treatments. Planting date did not affect germination of freshly collected seed of either millet. Wild proso millet seed had a low germination rate until 8 weeks after panicle emergence, and the rate increased to 22% after 10 weeks. Germination of cultivated proso millet seed was low for 5 weeks after panicle emergence and increased to 92% after 10 weeks.

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Soratto, Rogério Peres, Eduardo do Valle Lima, Tiago Roque Benetoli da Silva, Carmen Sílvia Fernandes Boaro, and Ana Catarina Cataneo. "Nitrogen fertilization of fall panicum cultivars (Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.): biochemical and agronomical aspects." Scientia Agricola 61, no. 1 (February 2004): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162004000100014.

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Information on improved fall panicum cultivars and agronomical pratices is scarce because of the relatively small importance of this crop in Brazil. The present study aimed to evaluate levels of nitrogen sidedressing on plant development and biochemical characteristics of two fall panicum cultivars. The experiment was set up under plastic tunnel conditions in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, with plants growing inside asbestos-cement boxes. The experimental design was a randomized block setup and treatments consisted of six levels of nitrogen fertilization (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 mg L-1) applied at the onset of tillering on two fall panicum cultivars (AL Mogi and AL Tibagi). The application of increasing levels of nitrogen to fall panicum plants increased chlorophyll content, total amino acids, plant dry matter nitrogen content, plant height, tillering and grain yield, and decreased plant dry matter sugar content. The cultivars had similar performances in relation to the evaluated variables, as a response to nitrogen sidedressing.

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Ikhimioya, I., M. I. Okoruwa, and U. I. Ikhatua. "Growth performance and nitrogen utilization by West African dwarf goats fed supplemented with varying ratios of and Panicum maximum Afzelia africana Newbouldia laevis." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 4 (December 27, 2020): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i4.570.

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Afzelia africana and Newbouldia laevis have recognizable potential as important locally available forage resources but yet to be explored and exploited for ruminants in the tropics. This study was therefore investigated to determine the effect of supplementing varying ratios of Afzelia africana and Newbouldia laevis with Panicum maximum on growth performance and nitrogen utilization of West African dwarf goats. Twenty female West African dwarf goats, aged between 5 and 7monhs old with an average weight of 6.62 ± 0.41kg were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments with four goats per treatment in a completely randomized design. The treatment diets included T (100% Panicum maximum), T (25% Afzelia africana and 75% Panicum maximum), T (50% Afzelia africana and 50% Panicum maximum), T (25% Newbouldia laevis and 75% Panicum maximum) and T (50% Newbouldia laevis and 50% Panicum maximum). A metabolism trial was conducted at the end of the feeding trial to assess the effects of the diets on nitrogen utilization after the growth study on the goats. Results obtained showed that goats on diets T were significantly (P<0.05) higher in terms of final live weight (9.95kg), metabolic weights (6.20LW ), total weight gain (3.15kg) and growth rate (35.50g.d ) at (P < 0.01) while nitrogen intake (7.86g/d ), metabolic nitrogen intake (1.76g.kg LW ), nitrogen balance (6.81g.d ) were higher (P < 0.001) than goats on other diets. Urinary nitrogen output (6.81g.d ) was significantly (P<0.01) higher in goats on T compared with goats on other diets. No significant (P> 0.05) effect in treatment diets with regards to initial and average live weights, faecal nitrogen output, and total nitrogen output with nitrogen retention. It was concluded that goats fed 50% Afzelia Africana and 50% Panicum maximum had better nitrogen utilization for growth performance.

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Ikihimioya, I., M. I. Okoruwa, and U. I. Ikhatua. "Nutrient intake and digestibility of West African dwarf goats fed graded levels of and as supplements to Afzelia africana Newbouldia laevis Panicum maximum." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 4 (December 27, 2020): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i4.571.

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The study was conducted to determine nutrient intake and digestibility of West African dwarf goats fed graded levels of Afzelia africana and New bouldia laevisas supplements to Panicum maximum. Twenty female West African dwarf goats aged between 5 and 7 months old with mean live weight of 6.62±0.41kg were allotted to five dietary treatments with two replicates of two goats per treatment in a completely randomised design. The compared diets were: T (100% Panicum maximum), T (25%Afzelia africana and 75% Panicum maximum), T (50% Afzelia africana and 50% Panicum maximum), T (25% New bouldia laevis and 75% Panicum maximum) and T (50% Newbouldia laevis and 50% Panicum maximum). A metabolism trial was conducted at the end of the feeding trial to assess the diets on nutrient digestibility after the nutrient intake study of the goats. Results obtained showed that total hemicelluloses intake (62.48g.day ) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T compared with other diets. Total crude protein intake(43.45g.d) and hemicelluloses digestibility(92.20%)were higher significantly (p<0.001) and (p<0.01) respectively in T . Total lignin intake (36.22g.d )and organic matter digestibility (77.70%) were significantly better (p<0.05) and (p<0.01) respectively in T . Digestibility of neutral and acid detergent fibre (55.71% and 49.79%) were significantly higher (p<0.05) and (p<0.001) while dry matter digestibility (83.49%) was significantly better (p<0.01) in T than other treatment diets. Total dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and cellulose intakes with digestibility of crude protein, lignin and cellulose were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by treatment diets. It was concluded that the combination of Panicum maximum based diet with Newbouldia laevis in a ratio of 50:50 had the potential to enhance nutrient digestibility in goats.

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Johnson, W. C., E. P. Prostko, and B. G. Mullinix. "Texas Panicum (Panicum texanum) Control in Strip-Tillage Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Production." Peanut Science 29, no. 2 (July 1, 2002): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/pnut.29.2.0012.

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Abstract Studies were conducted from 1999 through 2001 in Georgia to develop Texas panicum management systems in strip-tillage peanut production into a killed rye cover crop. The experimental design was a split-plot with four replications. Main plots were preemergence (PRE) herbicides for annual grass control—ethalfluralin, pendimethalin, metolachlor, alachlor, dimethenamid, and a nontreated PRE control. All plots were irrigated immediately after PRE applications to activate herbicides. Subplots were postemergence (POST) graminicides applied 28 d after peanut emergence—sethoxydim, clethodim, and a nontreated POST control. POST graminicides were applied with a crop oil concentrate. None of the PRE herbicides alone adequately controlled Texas panicum in strip-till peanut production, even with optimum activation with irrigation. Sethoxydim and clethodim controlled Texas panicum at least 91%, regardless of PRE treatments. Peanut yields were greater where ethalfluralin or pendimethalin PRE were applied sequentially with a POST graminicides, compared to PRE herbicides or POST graminicides alone. This suggests that, while POST graminicides effectively control Texas panicum, the reduced efficacy of dinitroaniline herbicides is still beneficial. The additional cost of a POST graminicide needs to be factored into production budgets for strip-tillage peanut production.

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Poltoretskyi, Serhii, Nataliya Poltoretska, Anatoly Yatsenko, V. S. Кravchenko, and Volodymyr Bilonozhko. "ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF SEED SOWINGS PANICUM MILIACEUM (L.)." Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture, no. 2 (2018): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2018-21-25-28.

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Demers, Jill E., Miao Liu, Sarah Hambleton, and Lisa A. Castlebury. "Rust fungi on Panicum." Mycologia 109, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2016.1262656.

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Johnson, W. Carroll, and Benjamin G. Mullinix. "Efficacy and Economic Analysis of Texas Panicum (Panicum texanum) Management Systems in Corn (Zea mays)." Weed Technology 4, no. 4 (December 1990): 754–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00026348.

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Studies on the efficacy and economic analysis of Texas panicum management systems in corn were conducted in Georgia on a loamy sand soil in 1987, 1988, and 1989. Management systems that included butylate, EPTC, atrazine plus tridiphane, atrazine plus pendimethalin, atrazine plus trifluralin, paraquat, or ametryn acceptably control Texas panicum. Corn yields were not affected significantly by the Texas panicum management systems. Overall net returns calculated for corn production indicated that systems which included postemergence applications of atrazine, pendimethalin, trifluralin, paraquat, ametryn, or cultivation alone gave the highest net returns. Systems which included butylate, EPTC, or tridiphane frequently had significantly lower net returns.

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Zuloaga, Fernando O., and Osvaldo Morrone. "Panicum aquarum, a New South American Species of Panicum (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae)." Novon 1, no. 4 (1991): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3391617.

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Tzvelev, N. "Notes on some genera of the family Poaceae." Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium 44 (2013): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/novitates/2013.44.26.

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Critical notes on some genera of the family Poaceae Barnhart (Stipellula Röser et Hamasha, Panicum L., Catabrosa P. Beauv., Poa L.) are given. The genus Stipellula is treated here as monotypic, with the species S. capensis (Thunb.) Röser et Hamasha. The species Panicum maximum Jacq. (widespread in the tropics) takes an unclear posision in the genus Panicum. This species is sometimes included in the genus Urochloa P. Beauv. or treated as a monotypic genus Megathyrsus (Pilg.) B. K. Simon et S. W. L. Jacobs; we include the species in the genus Panicum subgenus Megathyrsus Pilg. We consider a small genus Catabrosa to be closer to the genus Poa than to Puccinellia Parl. Listed for Eurasia are 12 species of Catabrosa. New species Catabrosa kneuckeri Tzvelev (from North Europe), С. longissima Tzvelev (from the Caucasus), C. afghanica Tzvelev (from Afghanistan) and Poa boreorossica Tzvelev (from Leningrad Region) are described. New combinations Catabrosa minor (Bab.) Tzvelev and C. atrata (Tzvelev) Tzvelev are published.

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Wirawan, I. Wayan, I. Wayan Suarna, Ni Nyoman Suryani, Anak Agung Ayu Sri Trisnadewi, and Ni Luh Gede Sumardani. "PRODUKTIVITAS RUMPUT Panicum maximum CV. GREEN PANIC PADA BERBAGAI TARAF PEMUPUKAN KOTORAN SAPI DALAM KONDISI TERNAUNG DAN TANPA NAUNGAN." Pastura 5, no. 2 (August 4, 2017): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/pastura.2016.v05.i02.p12.

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The research was carried out to study the effect of cattle manure fertilizer on produktivity of Panicum maximun Cv. Green Panic under shade and without shade conditions. The research used a block randomized design with split plot treatment arrangement and 3 replications. The main plot was shade and withaout shade and the sub plots were 4 level of cattle manure fertilizer (0, 10, 20, dan 30 t ha-1). The parameter of this research is grass height, number of leave, number of tillers, diameter of steam, dry wight of roots, forage and inflorescense production. The results of research showed that not interaction between shade and level cattle manure fertilizer on productivity Panicum maximun Cv. Green Panic. The use of shade 70 % decreasing of forage productions, number of tiller, diameter of steam, dry weight of roots and inflorescense production panicum grass (P<0,05). Increasing the use of cattle manur fertilizer increased of all parameter but not significantly.Key words: shade, cattle manur fertilizer, forage production, and Panicum maximum.

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Govinthasamy, Thevaki, and Paul B. Cavers. "The effects of smut (Ustilago destruens) on seed production, dormancy, and viability in fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum)." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 1628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-176.

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Fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum var. geniculatum), an abundant annual weed in southwestern Ontario, suffers large seed losses from the smut Ustilago destruens. From 19 to 83% of plants were infected in three sites surveyed. Some infected plants were completely sterile, but others produced small numbers of viable seeds. Most of these seeds did not give rise to smut-infected plants if they were not exposed to smut teliospores in the soil over winter. Compared with seeds from uninfected plants, those from infected plants had lower percent viability and weaker dormancy. When seeds from either infected or uninfected plants were mixed with smut teliospores over winter, 39% of the resulting plants were smut infected, compared with less than 1% of plants from seeds overwintered without smut teliospores. Seeds mixed with smut teliospores over winter did not lose viability, but some of them were slower to germinate the following spring. Key words: smut, fall panicum, seed viability, seed dormancy, germination, Ustilago destruens, Panicum dichotomiflorum.

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Valles de la Mora, Braulio, Epigmenio Castillo Gallegos, and Hugo Bernal Barragán. "Rendimiento y degradabilidad ruminal de materia seca y energía de diez pastos tropicales cosechados a cuatro edades." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias 7, no. 2 (May 2, 2016): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v7i2.4170.

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El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de determinar el rendimiento de materia seca (RMS), y la degradabilidad ruminal de la materia seca (MS) y la energía, de diez pastos de los géneros Brachiaria: B. brizantha (Insurgente), B. decumbens (Señal), B. humidicola (Chetumal), B. brizantha x B. ruzieziensis (Mulato I); Panicum: P. maximum cv. Mombasa, P. maximum cv. Guinea, P. maximum cv. Tanzania; y Pennisetum: P. purpureum cv. Taiwan, P. purpureum cv. Cuban king grass, P. purpureum cv. Purple king grass, a 3, 6, 9 y 12 semanas de rebrote, en tres ciclos de crecimiento. La degradabilidad ruminal de MS y energía se determinó a 48 h de incubación in situ. El RMS fue 3,037, 1,689 y 1,872 kg ha-1, para Pennisetum, Brachiaria y Panicum (P<0.05). La PC disminuyó de 11.6 a 6.9 % (3 a 12 semanas), sin diferencias entre géneros. Contenidos (%) de FDN, FDA y LIG fueron 72.1, 43.5 y 8.1 (Brachiaria); 73.0, 45.8 y 9.0 (Panicum); y 68.8, 44.4 y 9.1 (Pennisetum); así como 68.1, 40.1 y 8.2 (3 semanas); y 76.2, 49.7 y 9.5 (12 semanas). La degradabilidad in situ de MS fue 70.0 (Brachiaria), 65.8 (Panicum) y 72.9 % (Pennisetum); disminuyendo de 71.7 a 62.9 % de 3 a 12 semanas. La energía pre-incubada promedió: 3,802, 3,756, y 3,608 kcal kg-1 MS, para Brachiaria, Panicum, y Pennisetum, sin cambios por edad de rebrote. La degradabilidad (% de la EB incubada in situ en el rumen) fue 55.6, 51.4 y 57.9, para Brachiaria, Panicum y Pennisetum. En conclusión, la edad de rebrote y género afectaron el valor nutritivo de los pastos evaluados.

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Hemavathy, A. Thanga, and C. Priyadharshini. "Genetic divergence assessment in proso millet (panicum milliaceum)." Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (2016): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jafst.2321.1628.4116.1.

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Grichar, W. James. "Control of Texas Panicum (Panicum texanum) and Southern Crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris) in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) with Postemergence Herbicides1." Peanut Science 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-18-1-3.

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Abstract Clethodim, cycloxydim, haloxyfop, fluazifop-P, fenoxaprop, and quizalofop were applied early or late postemergence to Texas panicum (Panicum texanum Buckl.) and southern crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel.) in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Clethodim at 0.11 and 0.14 kg/ha, cycloxydim at 0.11 and 0.17, and fluazifop-P at 0.17 and 0.21 kg/ha provided excellent Texas panicum control. Fluazifop-P provided erratic southern crabgrass control, while clethodim, cycloxydim, haloxyfop, fenoxaprop at 0.22 kg/ha, and quizalofop at 0.14 kg/ha provided excellent southern crabgrass control. Yields of peanuts were usually higher following early postemergence application, thus indicating the timing of application is important in improving yields.

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Sumarsih, Sri, and Bambang Sulistiyanto. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN STARTER Lactobacillus Sp. TERHADAP NILAI pH DAN TOTAL ASAM LAKTAT SILASE RUMPUT Panicum maximum." Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36762/litbangjateng.v15i2.414.

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The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus Sp. as starter on pH and total Lactic Acid of Panicum maximum Grass Silage. The completely randomized design was been used on this research with 4 treaments and 4 replications. The treatments were different level LAB (0,2,4 dan 6% v/w). The parameters were pH value and lactc acid. The results showed that pH value were significantly (p<0.05) decreased, and Lactic acid were significantly (p<0.05) with addded of Lactobacillus Sp. on Panicum maximum Grass Silage. The conclusion was the use of starter Lactobacillus Sp. on ensilage process produces chemical qualities of good Panicum maximum silage.

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Patterson, David T. "Effects of Day and Night Temperature on Vegetative Growth of Texas Panicum (Panicum texanum)." Weed Science 38, no. 4-5 (September 1990): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004317450005668x.

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Texas panicum was grown in controlled-environment chambers in 16 day/night temperature regimes ranging from 19/11 to 34/26 C. After 33 days, maximum plant height, leaf area, and dry weight occurred at 34/26 C. The greatest number of tillers and leaves occurred at 34/16 C. Partitioning of plant biomass into stems increased with increasing night temperature, while partitioning into leaves tended to decrease. Partitioning of biomass into roots decreased with increasing night temperature at day temperatures of 19 or 24 C but not at 34 C. Plant dry matter production (DMP) was highly correlated with both leaf area duration (LAD) and net assimilation rate (NAR) during the first 2 weeks of growth. During the subsequent 3 weeks, DMP was highly correlated with LAD but not with NAR. The low-temperature threshold for growth of Texas panicum was approximately 11 C. Texas panicum attained 25% of its maximum growth at an average daily temperature of 21 C, 50% at 24 C, and 75% at 26 C. Texas panicum is unlikely to become a highly competitive weed outside the southern and southwestern United States.

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Kabeer, K. Althaf, and V. Nair. "Panicum plenum Hitchc. & Chase (Poaceae): A new record for India." Indian Journal of Forestry 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2009-zqcgqc.

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Panicum plenum Hitchc. & Chase (Poaceae), a species predominantly American in distribution is described here as a new record for India, based on a collection from Coimbatore Tamil Nadu. Panicum garadei Sunderaragh. & Karth. was found to be conspecific with this species and has been treated here as a new synonym.

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Falola, O. O., and O. O. Olufayo. "In Vitro gas production assessement of Panicum maximum incubated with Leucaena leucocephala at varying proportions to predict the nutritional value for ruminants." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 3 (January 2, 2021): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i3.656.

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The inclusion of multipurpose trees with grass such as Panicum maximum in the diet of ruminants may enhance productivity. Thus, the study was carried out to determine the proximate composition, in vitro gas production characteristics and parameters of Leucaena leucocephala and Panicum maximum at varying proportions. Five diets were formulated such that Panicum maximum was substituted with Leucaena leucocephala at different ratio: T1 (100% Panicum maximum), T2 (100% Leuceana leucocephala), T3 (50% P. maximum + 50% L. leucocephala), T4 (75% P. maximum + 25% L .leucocephala) and T5 (25% P. maximum + 75% L. leucocephala). Data were subjected to analysis of variance. Values obtained for dry matter (34.43 –35.95g/100g) decreased with the increased inclusion of Leuceana leucocephala in the diets. The crude fiber values (14.33 – 30.75g/100g) also followed the same trend while crude protein (CP) content (10.70 – 26.78g/100g) increased the inclusion of Leucaena leucocephala in the diets. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences in the treatment means of organic matter digestibility (OMD 31.93 – 37.07%), Metabolisable energy (ME 3.62 – 4.33 MJ/kgDM), short chain fatty acids (SCFA 0.04 – 0.16mL) and methane (ME 1.00 – 2.50 mL).The values (2.00 – 4.67 ml/200mgDM) obtained for immediate soluble 'a' was significantly (P < 0.05) different among the treatments. The extent of gas production (a+b) ranged from 2.00 – 4.67 mL/200mgDM, T1 (100% Panicum maximum) recorded the lowest while highest was observed in T2 (100% Leucaena leucocephala). The insoluble but degradable fraction 'b'ranged from 2.67 – 5.67ml/200mgDM, while the rate of gas production 'c' ranged from 0.04 – 0.14ml/hr. In conclusion, the enhanced values of crude protein, OMD, SCFA, and ME in the Panicum maximum and Leucaena leucocephala mixture indicate that the diets is able to meet the nutrients requirements of small ruminants in the tropics especially during the dry season.

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I K.M., Budiasa,, I. W. Wirawan, and I. W. Suarna. "PRODUKTIVITAS PERTANAMAN CAMPURAN RUMPUT UNGGUL DENGAN LEGUM LOKAL PADA LAHAN GALIAN C DI KABUPATEN KARANGASEM." Pastura 9, no. 1 (November 25, 2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/pastura.2019.v09.i01.p12.

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This research to be carried out in the dryland area at Karangasem Regency with the aim of increasing forage productivity quantitavely and in quality and also can be available sustainably. Feed plants are one of the potentials that can be developed on critical land as an effort to increase land productivity so that over land conversion or over exploitation of land that has a negative impact on the enviroment can be minimized. As well as the sand quarry area, which the community mines as wide as posible for reasons of less productive even though the mining doesn’t get permission by the local goverment because it it a protected area and wear absorption. The experiment will use 2 types superior grass, namely Paspalum atratum and Panicum maximum cv Trichogume, and one type of local legume that has been adaptive to the local enviroment, namely Centrocema pubescens. The purpose of research is to get information about Productivity of Paspalum atratum and Panicum maximum Cv Trichoglume Mixed Cropping with Centrocema pubescense, both from the argonomic and nutritional aspect. The experimental design that will be used is block design that consists of 3 groups as replication and 6 treatment, so that there will bw 18 plots (18 research unit). The results of study showed that the growth of grass in the Passpalum atratum monoculturally was better then Panicum maximum grass, as well as the nutrient content. Better growth also occurs in mixed Paspalum maximum grass planting with Centrocema pubescens compare to Panicum atratum with Centrocema pubescens. In the planting of the mixture of both types of grass with legume Centrocema pubescens it was concluded that, the types of grass of Paspalum atratum is more dominant than the Panicum maximum. Keyword: Paspalum atratum, Panicum maximum, Centrocema pubescens, sand quarry, mixed cropping

Journal articles on the topic 'Panicum'

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