Journal articles: 'Panic disorders – Social aspects'

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Garcia de Miguel, Berta, David J. Nutt, Sean D. Hood, and Simon JC Davies. "Elucidation of neurobiology of anxiety disorders in children through pharmacological challenge tests and cortisol measurements: a systematic review." Journal of Psychopharmacology 26, no. 4 (July 19, 2010): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881110372818.

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Anxiety disorders are common both in adults and children. While there have been major advances in understanding the neurobiology of anxiety disorders in adults, progress has been more limited in the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying these disorders in childhood. There is a need to delineate childhood biological models, since anxiety represents a significant clinical problem in children and is a risk factor for the subsequent development of anxiety and depression in adulthood. We conducted a review of the literature regarding pharmacological challenge tests and direct hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis measurement in children with anxiety disorders, with emphasis on panic disorder and social anxiety disorder. Studies identified were contrasted with those in adult panic disorder and social anxiety disorder. Despite this broad approach few studies emerged in children, with only 22 studies meeting inclusion criteria. When contrasted with adult neurobiological models of panic disorder and social anxiety disorder, children studied showed some abnormalities which mirrored those reported in adults, such as altered baseline respiration, altered responses to CO2 challenge tests and blunted growth hormone response to yohimbine. However, results differed from adults with panic disorder and social anxiety in some aspects of noradrenergic and serotonergic function. For endpoints studied in panic disorder children, unlike adults, displayed a lack of baseline end-tidal CO2 abnormalities and a different hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal pattern response under low-dose CO2. The biology of these anxiety disorders in children may only partially mirror that of adult anxiety disorders. However, caution is required as the evidence is limited, and many studies combined patients with panic disorder and social anxiety disorder with other disorders or non-specific anxiety. Further research is required to fully understand the biology and progression of childhood anxiety disorders.

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van Vliet, I. M. "Biological aspects of social phobia." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 8, no. 4 (December 1996): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800036978.

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SummaryIn contrast to the research in panic disorder, not much neurobiological studies have been conducted in social phobia. In challenge-tests using lactate or pentagastrin general anxiety and anxiety symptoms were induced in social phobies, although not as frequent is in panic disorder patients, but no specific social phobic anxiety was induced. The role of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine and noradrenalin is, as yet, unclear. There are no indications for abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis activity or abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid-axis activity in social phobia. To the present, preliminary findings in neuroimaging studies show no differences between patients and controls, except a possibly diminished and reversible metabolic activity.

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Pollack, M. H., and P. C. Marzol. "Panic: Course, Complications and Treatment of Panic Disorder." Journal of Psychopharmacology 14, no. 2_suppl1 (March 2000): S25—S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02698811000142s104.

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Panic disorder is a chronic condition typically associated with significant distress and disability. In addition to the acute distress associated with the panic attack itself, the disorder often leads to distressing anticipatory anxiety and phobic avoidance. Affected individuals experience significant impairment in social and vocational functioning, high utilization of medical resources, constriction of function, premature mortality and diminution in overall quality of life. Panic disorder is frequently comorbid with other conditions, particularly depression, as well as alcohol and other substance abuse, and other anxiety disorders including social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. A number of pharmacological agents and cognitive-behavioural treatments have been shown to be effective in the treatment of panic disorder, with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) becoming first-line pharmacotherapy for this condition. Among these, the SSRI sertraline appears effective not only in improving symptoms of panic, but also in reducing anticipatory anxiety and improving multiple aspects of quality of life. For patients who remain partly or fully symptomatic despite adequate first-line treatment, a variety of strategies are emerging for the management of refractory conditions. We provide an overview of the prevalence, presentation and associated complications of panic disorder, review the therapeutic options and discuss the management of refractory patients.

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Timmerman, L. "Biological aspects of panic disorder." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 6, no. 1 (March 1994): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800033731.

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SummaryThe purpose of this article is to give a comprehensive review of biological theories about the development of panic disorder.Noradrenergic, serotonergic and GABA-ergic models of panic disorder are discussed, together with the role of peptides and neuroanatomical hypotheses.The conclusion is that there is no unitary biological explanation of panic disorder.An intergrative bio-psycho-social model seems for the moment the most usefull.

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Streeck, Jürgen. "Interaction Order and Anxiety Disorder: A “Batesonian” Heuristic of Speaking Patterns during Psychotherapy." Communication and Medicine 8, no. 3 (June 29, 2012): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cam.v8i3.261.

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This paper describes speaking practices enacted by young female in-patients during psychotherapy sessions. The patients are in treatment for anxiety and panic disorders (social phobias). The practices involve prosodic, lexical, and pragmatic aspects of utterance construction. An effect that they share is that the speaker’s embodied presence in her talk and her epistemic commitment to it are reduced as the utterance progresses. The practices are interpreted in light of Bateson’s interactional theory of character formation: as elements of a self-sustaining system Angst (anxiety). The study has grown out of an interdisciplinary effort to explore possible relationships between types of anxiety and the communicative and linguistic patterns by which patients describe panic attacks and other highly emotional experiences.

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Allen, Timothy A., Colin G. DeYoung, R. Michael Bagby, Bruce G. Pollock, and Lena C. Quilty. "A Hierarchical Integration of Normal and Abnormal Personality Dimensions: Structure and Predictive Validity in a Heterogeneous Sample of Psychiatric Outpatients." Assessment 27, no. 4 (November 15, 2019): 643–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191119887442.

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Hierarchical, quantitative models of psychopathology focus primarily on higher-order constructs, whereas less is known about the structure and content comprising lower-order dimensions of psychopathology. Here, we address this gap in the literature by using targeted factor analysis to integrate the 25 maladaptive facet-level traits of the Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder–Fifth edition and the 10 aspect-level traits of the normal personality hierarchy within a sample of 198 psychiatric outpatients. A 10-factor solution replicated previous work, with each of the 10 aspects primarily characterizing only one factor. In addition, the 10 factors differentially predicted a range of diagnoses, including alcohol use disorder, major depression, panic disorder, social anxiety, and borderline and avoidant personality disorders. Our results suggest that research on the development, causes, and structure of lower-order traits within the normal personality hierarchy may serve as an important guide to research on the causes and structure of maladaptive personality.

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Khan, Ghaazaan, Ali Ahsan Mufti, Muhammad Kamran Khan, and Khalil Azam. "Comparing Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Psychiatric Illness to Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Global Drug Design & Development Review VII, no. II (June 30, 2022): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gdddr.2022(vii-ii).02.

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent disease that patients report within primary care and contributes approximately 14% - 51% of fresh patients to gastrointestinal centres while inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is among the crippling persistent gastrointestinal disorders that considerably negatively affect a participant's physical, psychological, family, and social aspects. The objective of our research was to compare the effects of IBD and IBS in two groups of outpatients. The study was carried out at Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera from September 2021 to Jan 2022. All outpatients with a confirmed diagnosis of IBS (n=49) and IBD (n=27) were requested to participate in the study. 87.76% of patients (n=43) with irritable bowel syndrome and 18.51% of patients (n=5) with inflammatory bowel disease had at least one of these lifetime diagnoses. 24.48%, 22.44%, and 22.44% of the subjects had lifetime diagnoses of major depression (n = 12), panic (n = 11), or somatization disorder (n = 11). 73.5% of the patients with irritable bowel syndrome (n=36) had a history of panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, phobia, major depression, somatization disorder, or a combination of these illnesses before the beginning of their gastrointestinal symptoms. Compared to patients with IBD individuals with IBS had greater sensitivity to modest physical symptoms, more psychological discomfort, and a higher lifetime frequency of mental illnesses.

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Bowden, Charles L. "Comorbidities with Bipolar Disorders: Significance, Recognition, and Management." CNS Spectrums 15, S3 (February 2010): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900027760.

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Bipolar disorder, particularly bipolar type I disorder, is at least as highly comorbid with other psychiatric and behavioral disorders as any Axis I medical disorder (Slide 1). Two iterations of the National Comorbidity Survey study, which is epidemio-logic-based and not anecdotal evidence from clinical offices and hospital emergency rooms, have shown that these data are reflective of the overall population in the United States and potentially for all other countries across the world.In particular, if the prevalence rates of all anxiety disorders are grouped together, they are almost as prevalent as bipolar disorder itself, and clinicians rarely see a patient with bipolar disorder who does not have an anxiety disorder. This finding raises the question that anxiety may not be a separate entity, but an additional fundamental component of bipolar symptomatology, at least for a substantial number of patients. Regardless, the role of anxiety in bipolar disorder is unique. Perugi and colleagues studied the time sequence of different anxiety disorders in relation to first presence and clinical recognition of bipolar disorder (Slide 2). In contrast to panic disorder/agoraphobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), social anxiety or social phobia was shown to be prevalent in 94.7% of patients prior to onset of hypomania and the clinically recognizable problematic school and home situations before the diagnosis of the bipolar disorder. This finding suggests that there may be some fundamental aspect of social anxiety and other anxiety disorders that is a ties. These patients tend to be more unstable symptomatically and have multiple comorbidities.

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Grigoraş, Mioara. "When Anxiety Actually Hides an Overdose of Missing. The Therapeutic Approach of a Transgenerational Journey." BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience 11, no. 3sup1 (2020): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/brain/11.3sup1/121.

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Many people suffer from anxiety and panic attacks, statistics showing that 1 in 3 people have their lives affected because of these worrying and annoying symptoms. One of the most common anxiety disorders observed in general medical practice and in the general population is the generalized anxiety disorder. In about 85% of cases, generalized anxiety does not appear alone, but is accompanied by other psychological problems, of which the most common are: depression, other anxiety disorders, substance abuse, digestive problems, etc. The patient diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) usually has suffered from severe anxiety and worries about several different areas of their life for at least six months. It occurs in 5-9% of the population, and the incidence is twice as high in women as in men. Generalized anxiety usually begins in adolescence or early adulthood. GAG is caused by several factors: 30%-50% of it can be genetic in nature, but it also can be caused by experiences during childhood, recent stressful life events, unrealistic expectations about others and oneself, conflicts in relationships, alcohol consumption, coping skills and other factors (Ciubara et al., 2018). Studies show that the anxiety levels in the general population have risen over the past 50 years - probably due to declining social cohesion affecting communities, unrealistic expectations for quality of life, excessive focus on negative news, and other factors, social and cultural aspects.

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Zelenina, N. V., S. S. Nazarov, A. A. Marchenko, S. A. Rantseva, P. A. Vyipritskiy, V. V. Yusupov, S. G. Kuzmin, and A. N. Zubov. "Features of adaptation after psychical traumatic stress among servicemen who performed special tasks." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 20, no. 3 (December 15, 2018): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma12322.

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Features of adaptation after psychical traumatic stress in healthy military men who performed special tasks more than half a year ago were studied. It is shown that 40% of combatants have signs of partial posttraumatic stress disorder, which evidences about negative adaptation after psychical traumatic stress. Signs of partial posttraumatic stress disorder in all manifest as neurotic disorders, and in 7,5% of combatants are associated with signs of psychotic disorders. Among the signs of neurotic disorders, the manifestations of somato-vegetative disorder were encountered in 62,5%, affective tension - in 50%, sleep disorder - in 43,8% and anxiety-phobic disorder - in 43,8%. Among the signs of psychotic disorders, there were mildly pronounced manifestations of social phobia, panic disorder and depression. Soldiers with partial posttraumatic stress disorder have a statistically significant decrease in the self-assessment quality of life in such indicators as «general health», «mental health» and «social functioning». The negative correlation between scores of life quality and signs of partial posttraumatic stress disorder pieces of evidence that namely this disorder impacts on the quality of life in combatants. Comparison of servicemen groups with and without signs of partial posttraumatic stress disorder according to the expert evaluation indicators, exhibited by the unit commanders, and according to the indicators of the operator working, did not reveal a significant difference between them. Thus signs of partial posttraumatic stress disorder in combatants decrease self-assessment life quality but do not have an effect on the professional aspect of social functioning under favourable conditions. This military personnel are needed in medical and psychological correction and rehabilitation to prevent the development of maladaptation in stressful conditions.

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Stojanov, Jelena, Aleksandar Stojanov, Miodrag Stanković, and Olivera Žikić. "The immediate effects of the Covid-19 pandemia on postpartum women." Praxis medica 49, no. 1-2 (2020): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pramed2002059s.

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The new pandemic, caused by the corona viral disease 2019 (Covid-19), has brought with it a series of restrictive measures that have drastically altered people's way of life and which restrict freedom of movement, behavior and social engagement. At the time of pandemia, almost all aspects of each individual lifestyle have been impaired, especially in members of vulnerable groups, particularly women in postpartum women. Acute psychological reactions to a pandemia may include insomnia, fear of infection, anxiety, frustration, panic attacks, loneliness, but also depressive episodes. Non-psychotic postpartum mood and anxiety disorders can occur as an inability to adapt to stressful life situations. A comprehensive understanding of the impact of the pandemia on the mental health of women in the postpartum period is needed, in order to devise adequate approaches to recovery from such a major disaster as the Covid-19 pandemic.

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Farrell, Dawn. "Inflammatory bowel disease: a beast of burden." Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork, no. 2011 (January 1, 2011): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2011.13.

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Imagine having to empty your bowel eight or ten times a day and experiencing constant panic and fear about the location of toilet facilities. Imagine experiencing constant tiredness that impacts on all aspects of your life including work, family and social life. These are just two examples of experiences commonly suffered by individuals with a condition called inflammatory bowel disease. These people are burdened with symptoms which impact on their daily lives. This research aims to provide healthcare professionals with an understanding of the extent to which individuals with inflammatory bowel disease experience symptom burden and to identify what symptoms are most problematic. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis collectively termed as inflammatory bowel disease are complex disorders. In the United Kingdom, collectively Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis affects approximately one person in every 250 of the population. Ulcerative colitis affects up to 120,000 people in the UK, or every 1 ...

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Alekhin, A. N., N. O. Leonenko, and V. V. Kemstach. "Clinical and psychological aspects of insomnia associated with COVID-19 pandemic." "Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension") 27, no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18705/1607-419x-2021-27-1-83-93.

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Background. In addition to clinical, epidemiological, and political aspects, the pandemic situation has a clinical and psychological aspect, as long as the measures taken to counteract infection inevitably cause unusual living conditions for a large number of people. Stress experience is accompanied by changes in autonomic regulation and, as a result, a number of somatic shifts. Stress markers include sleep disorders, changes in appetite, gastrointestinal disorders, headaches, chest pain, dyspnea, body pain, dizziness, numbness, fluctuations in blood pressure, sleep disorders, panic attacks, depressive and suicidal tendencies.Objective. We suggested that resilience is the predictor of successful resolution of existential crisis from the point of view of maintaining mental and somatic health, as well as gaining experience of deep self-improvement, strengthening of personality and potential for coping with life difficulties. Resilience includes coping at all levels of functioning — physical, psychological, social and existential. The latter defines the perception of reality itself as a challenge of complexity that requires coping, and regulates resilience at all other levels. The indicator of sleep quality was used as an empirical criterion to evaluate coping with stress. It is both an indicator and an antistress resource for physical functioning. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that psychological content of resilience differs in subjects with moderate severity insomnia and with no sleep disturbances during pandemic period.Design and methods. To evaluate this hypothesis during the period of self-isolation in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020), an empirical study was carried out on a randomized sample of 93 subjects using clinical and psychological scales.Results. This research resulted in the identification of differences in psychological content of resilience which reflect clinical and psychological characteristics in subjects with moderate severity insomnia and with normal sleep during the pandemic. The psychological content of resilience in respondents without sleep disturbances during the pandemic can be considered as complex and mature mechanisms of personality self regulation that allow of maintaining mental and somatic health, efficiency, ability to develop. Identified features can be used as psychotherapeutic targets in patients at different stages of exposure to stress factors.

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Sánchez-Teruel, David, and María Auxiliadora Robles-Bello. "Preliminary Study on Psychometric Properties of an Anxiety Scale in Down Syndrome with Anxiety Symptoms." International Journal of Psychological Research 13, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.4493.

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Background: anxiety remains one of the most common disorders in typically developing children and young adults. Adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) lack diagnostic tests for evaluation. Methods: this study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders inventory in its self-report version in 63 adolescents with anxiety symptoms with DS. The inclusion criteria for the studies were trisomy 21 and a chronological age between 8 and 17 years. Psychometric properties arestrictly evaluated with the sample exceeding a cutoff point in anxiety symptomatology. A confirmatory factorial analysis tested two models for the new evaluation test. Results: both models confirmed a four-factor structure (somatic/panic, social phobia, generalized anxiety, and separation anxiety). Model 2, nevertheless, had fewer items and a better fit, and it also showed a high correlation with other anxiety detection measures and adequate internal consistency. Conclusions: the importance of validating psychopathological anxiety tests for children and young people with DS in order to build good mental health is discussed, emphasizing the need to provide easy and short-term tests on cognitive and emotional aspects in people with intellectual disabilities.

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Mezzi, Ridha, Aymen Yahyaoui, Mohamed Wassim Krir, Wadii Boulila, and Anis Koubaa. "Mental Health Intent Recognition for Arabic-Speaking Patients Using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and BERT Model." Sensors 22, no. 3 (January 23, 2022): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22030846.

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For many years, mental health has been hidden behind a veil of shame and prejudice. In 2017, studies claimed that 10.7% of the global population suffered from mental health disorders. Recently, people started seeking relaxing treatment through technology, which enhanced and expanded mental health care, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, where the use of mental health forums, websites, and applications has increased by 95%. However, these solutions still have many limits, as existing mental health technologies are not meant for everyone. In this work, an up-to-date literature review on state-of-the-art of mental health and healthcare solutions is provided. Then, we focus on Arab-speaking patients and propose an intelligent tool for mental health intent recognition. The proposed system uses the concepts of intent recognition to make mental health diagnoses based on a bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) model and the International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Experiments are conducted using a dataset collected at the Military Hospital of Tunis in Tunisia. Results show excellent performance of the proposed system (the accuracy is over 92%, the precision, recall, and F1 scores are over 94%) in mental health patient diagnosis for five aspects (depression, suicidality, panic disorder, social phobia, and adjustment disorder). In addition, the tool was tested and evaluated by medical staff at the Military Hospital of Tunis, who found it very interesting to help decision-making and prioritizing patient appointment scheduling, especially with a high number of treated patients every day.

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Mustaffa, Mohamed Sharif, Zahra Ramazanian Bafghi, Atefeh Ahmadi, AliAkbar Haghdoost, and Mohamed Shafeq Mansor. "Potential Sociodemographic Predictors of Childhood Anxiety Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health 18, no. 3 (July 2022): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09731342221142047.

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Background: Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of anxiety among primary school students in rural areas is relatively high. Also, this stage is a critical developmental stage of academic life. Childhood anxiety disorders lead to significant disruption and interference with other aspects of life, including behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and academic achievement. Aims: This study aimed to find the frequency of 6 subtypes of anxiety disorders and to determine the potential sociodemographic factors of anxiety disorders among primary school students in a rural area of Malaysia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which 411 students answered the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale-Child version (SCAS-C). Descriptive analyses elucidated at-risk students, and multivariate analysis of variance and multiple linear regression presented potential predictors of anxiety disorders. Results: The most common abnormal level was for social phobia (SP) (n = 109/18.6%), and the least common were panic/agoraphobia (n = 85/14.1%) and physical injury fears (PIF) (n = 82/13.6%). Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that age ( P < .05), gender ( P < .05), father’s employment ( P < .05), and mother’s educational level (EL) P < .05) were predictors of overall anxiety. A Tukey post-hoc test revealed that older children are more likely to suffer from overall anxiety, separation anxiety (SA), SP, and obsessive-compulsive problems. Children of low-income families were less likely to suffer from SA than those of middle-income families. Children of stay-at-home mothers were less likely to suffer from overall anxiety, SA, and SP than mothers who worked more than 8 h per day. Multiple linear regression could predict 6 models of anxiety based on sociodemographic factors. Conclusion: According to our findings in this study, promoting mental health by providing preventive strategies and screening programs is more recommended for students with sociodemographic risk factors for anxiety disorders.

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Kajal Gandhi, Kumar Gaurav Chhabra, Revati More, Ankita Rathi, Gargi Nimbulkar, and Amit Reche. "Impact of COVID- 19 and Social Distancing on Mental Health." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL1 (December 16, 2020): 1469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3694.

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The Coronavirus Disease 2019 started in Wuhan Province, China and which spread to half a dozen countries between 2019 and 2020 and was declared a pandemic. This resulted in the implementation of a lockdown in different parts of the world, explaining it was an effective and essential way to break the cycle of infection. Physical distancing is the most important measure to break this infection cycle which affected many people's lives in different aspects. Mental health is considered to be one of the important components of the overall health as the definition given by the World Health Organization. It says that the person should be well-adjusted with the environment and should not be easily upset. He should know his needs, problems and goals properly; moreover, if he faces problems, he tries to solve them intelligently for which he tries to cope up with stress and anxiety. Along with all these things, he has good self-control balances between rationality and emotionality. It has likewise set off a wide variety of mental issues, for example, anxiety, panic disorder and depression. Most of the studies have reported negative impacts, including anger, stress symptoms and confusion. Education and training on pandemic should be provided by the authorities and health care workers.

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Hinton, Devon E., Edwin I. Rivera, Stefan G. Hofmann, David H. Barlow, and Michael W. Otto. "Adapting CBT for traumatized refugees and ethnic minority patients: Examples from culturally adapted CBT (CA-CBT)." Transcultural Psychiatry 49, no. 2 (April 2012): 340–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461512441595.

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In this article, we illustrate how cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be adapted for the treatment of PTSD among traumatized refugees and ethnic minority populations, providing examples from our treatment, culturally adapted CBT, or CA-CBT. CA-CBT has a unique approach to exposure (typical exposure is poorly tolerated in these groups), emphasizes the treatment of somatic sensations (a particularly salient part of the presentation of PTSD in these groups), and addresses comorbid anxiety disorders and anger. To accomplish these treatment goals, CA-CBT emphasizes emotion exposure and emotion regulation techniques such as meditation and aims to promote emotional and psychological flexibility. We describe 12 key aspects of adapting CA-CBT that make it a culturally sensitive treatment of traumatized refugee and ethnic minority populations. We discuss three models that guide our treatment and that can be used to design culturally sensitive treatments: (a) the panic attack–PTSD model to illustrate the many processes that generate PTSD in these populations, highlighting the role of arousal and somatic symptoms; (b) the arousal triad to demonstrate how somatic symptoms are produced and the importance of targeting comorbid anxiety conditions and psychopathological processes; and (c) the multisystem network (MSN) model of emotional state to reveal how some of our therapeutic techniques (e.g., body-focused techniques: bodily stretching paired with self-statements) bring about psychological flexibility and improvement.

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Danylova, Tetiana. "The Modern-Day Feminine Beauty Ideal, Mental Health, and Jungian Archetypes." Mental Health: Global Challenges Journal 3, no. 1 (November 6, 2020): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32437/mhgcj.v3i1.99.

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Introduction: It can be argued that beauty is not only an aesthetic value, but it is also a social capital which is supported by the global beauty industry. Advertising kindly offers all kinds of ways to acquire and maintain beauty and youth that require large investments. Recent studies demonstrate that physical attractiveness guided by modern sociocultural standards is associated with a higher level of psychological well-being, social ease, assertiveness, and confidence. What is behind this pursuit of ideal beauty and eternal youth: the life-long struggle for survival, selfless love for beauty, or something else that lurks in the depths of the human unconscious? Purpose: The aim of the paper is to analyze the modern-day feminine beauty ideal through the lens of Jungian archetypes. Methodology: An extensive literary review of relevant articles for the period 2000-2020 was performed using PubMed and Google databases, with the following key words: “Feminine beauty ideal, body image, beauty and youth, mental health problems, C.G. Jung, archetypes of collective unconsciousness”. Along with it, the author used Jung’s theory of archetypes, integrative anthropological approach, and hermeneutical methodology. Results and Discussion: Advertising and the beauty industry have a huge impact on women and their self-image. Exposure to visual media depicting idealized faces and bodies causes a negative or distorted self-image. The new globalized and homogenized beauty ideal emphasizes youth and slimness. Over the past few decades, the emphasis on this ideal has been accompanied by an increase in the level of dissatisfaction with their bodies among both women and men. Though face and body image concerns are not a mental health condition in themselves, they have a negative impact on women’s mental health being associated with body dysmorphic disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, depression, eating disorders, psychological distress, low self-esteem, self-harm, suicidal feelings. These trends are of real concern. The interiorization of the modern standards of female beauty as the image of a young girl impedes the psychological development of women and causes disintegration disabling the interconnection of all elements of the psyche and giving rise to deep contradictions. This unattainable ideal is embodied in the Jungian archetype of the Kore. Without maturity transformations, the image of the Kore, which is so attractive to the modern world, indicates an undeveloped part of the personality. Her inability to grow up and become mature has dangerous consequences. Women “restrain their forward movement” becoming an ideal object of manipulation. Thus, they easily internalize someone’s ideas about what the world should be and about their “right” place in it losing the ability to think critically and giving away power over their lives. Conclusion: Overcoming the psychological threshold of growing up, achieving deep experience and inner growth, a woman discovers another aspect of the Kore, ceases to be an object of manipulation and accepts reality as it is, while her beauty becomes multifaceted and reflects all aspects of her true personality

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Brambilla, F., L. Bellodi, G. Perna, A. Garberi, F. Petraglia, A. Panerai, and P. Sacerdote. "PSYCHOIMMUNOENDOCRINE ASPECTS OF PANIC DISORDERS." Clinical Neuropharmacology 15 (1992): 126B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002826-199202001-00243.

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Ottaviani, Regina, and Aaron T. Beck. "Cognitive aspects of panic disorders." Journal of Anxiety Disorders 1, no. 1 (January 1987): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0887-6185(87)90019-3.

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van Dyck, R. "Psychological and biological aspects of anxiety disorders." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 8, no. 4 (December 1996): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800037005.

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SummaryThe research on anxiety disorders of the department of psychiatry of the Vrije Universiteit is briefly reviewed. Studies have included comparisons between pharmacotherapy and cognitive behaviour therapy and combination treatments of panic disorder and of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Also, the hyperventilation model of panic disorder could be rejected as a result of an ambulatory monitoring study. Provocation studies with adrenalin in panic disorder have shown less support for a psychological model of panic than expected. Recommendations for future research include studies on anxiety in the very young and in the elderly, studies on comorbidity in anxiety, especially with alcoholism and depression and the development of treatment manuals for general practice. The issue is raised whether investing in neuroimaging studies will critically advance our knowledge in the near future.

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Lesser, Ira M. "The Treatment of Panic Disorders: Pharmacologic Aspects." Psychiatric Annals 21, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-19910601-06.

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Busch, Fredric N., and Larry S. Sandberg. "Unmentalized Aspects of Panic and Anxiety Disorders." Psychodynamic Psychiatry 42, no. 2 (June 2014): 175–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pdps.2014.42.2.175.

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Hobbs, Jacqueline A., and Anantha Shekhar. "Developmental Aspects of Panic and Related Anxiety Disorders." Neuroembryology 2, no. 2 (2003): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000071023.

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Robbins, Michael. "Discussion of “Unmentalized Aspects of Panic and Anxiety Disorders”." Psychodynamic Psychiatry 42, no. 2 (June 2014): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pdps.2014.42.2.197.

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Szuhany, Kristin L., and Naomi M. Simon. "Anxiety Disorders." JAMA 328, no. 24 (December 27, 2022): 2431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.22744.

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ImportanceAnxiety disorders have a lifetime prevalence of approximately 34% in the US, are often chronic, and significantly impair quality of life and functioning.ObservationsAnxiety disorders are characterized by symptoms that include worry, social and performance fears, unexpected and/or triggered panic attacks, anticipatory anxiety, and avoidance behaviors. Generalized anxiety disorder (6.2% lifetime prevalence), social anxiety disorder (13% lifetime prevalence), and panic disorder (5.2% lifetime prevalence) with or without agoraphobia are common anxiety disorders seen in primary care. Anxiety disorders are associated with physical symptoms, such as palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Brief screening measures applied in primary care, such as the Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7, can aid in diagnosis of anxiety disorders (sensitivity, 57.6% to 93.9%; specificity, 61% to 97%). Providing information about symptoms, diagnosis, and evidence-based treatments is a first step in helping patients with anxiety. First-line treatments include pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs, eg, sertraline) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs, eg, venlafaxine extended release) remain first-line pharmacotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. Meta-analyses suggest that SSRIs and SNRIs are associated with small to medium effect sizes compared with placebo (eg, generalized anxiety disorder: standardized mean difference [SMD], −0.55 [95% CI, −0.64 to −0.46]; social anxiety disorder: SMD, −0.67 [95% CI, −0.76 to −0.58]; panic disorder: SMD, −0.30 [95% CI, −0.37 to −0.23]). Cognitive behavioral therapy is the psychotherapy with the most evidence of efficacy for anxiety disorders compared with psychological or pill placebo (eg, generalized anxiety disorder: Hedges g = 1.01 [large effect size] [95% CI, 0.44 to 1.57]; social anxiety disorder: Hedges g = 0.41 [small to medium effect] [95% CI, 0.25 to 0.57]; panic disorder: Hedges g = 0.39 [small to medium effect[ [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.65]), including in primary care. When selecting treatment, clinicians should consider patient preference, current and prior treatments, medical and psychiatric comorbid illnesses, age, sex, and reproductive planning, as well as cost and access to care.Conclusions and RelevanceAnxiety disorders affect approximately 34% of adults during their lifetime in the US and are associated with significant distress and impairment. First-line treatments for anxiety disorders include cognitive behavioral therapy, SSRIs such as sertraline, and SNRIs such as venlafaxine extended release.

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Leon, Andrew C., Laura Portera, and Myrna M. Weissman. "The Social Costs of Anxiety Disorders." British Journal of Psychiatry 166, S27 (April 1995): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000293355.

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Background. The social costs of anxiety disorders, which afflict a substantial proportion of the general population in the United States, are considered.Method. Data from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Epidemiological Catchment Area Program were analysed.Results. Over 6% of men and 13% of women in the sample of 18 571 had suffered from a DSM–III anxiety disorder in the past six months. Nearly 30% of those with panic disorder had used the general medical system for emotional, alcohol or drug-related problems in the six months prior to the interview. Those with anxiety disorders were also more likely to seek help from emergency rooms and from the specialised mental health system. Men with panic disorder, phobias or obsessive–compulsive disorder in the previous six months are more likely to be chronically unemployed and to receive disability or welfare.Discussion. Once correctly diagnosed there are safe and effective psychopharmacologic and behavioural treatments for the anxiety disorders. Nevertheless the burden of anxiety disorders extends beyond the direct costs of treatment to the indirect costs of impaired social functioning.

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Barroso, Marianna Leite, Thércia Lucena Grangeiro Maranhão, Hermes Melo Teixeira Batista, Fernanda Pereira de Brito Neves, and Gislene Farias de Oliveira. "SOCIAL PANIC DISORDER AND ITS IMPACTS." Amadeus International Multidisciplinary Journal 2, no. 4 (April 1, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/aimj.v2i4.23.

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Panic disorder has been increasingly focused on health services and the media, where it affects young people aged 20-40. The incidence of these disorders affects 22% of the adult world population. Of these, 2.8% are grouped in severe disorders (schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis and severe forms of depression, panic syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder) in adults (Stuart, Laraia, 2002). This study aims to identify the risk factors for the development of Panic Disorder (PD), through the literature consulted; analyze the authors' discourse and provide health professionals with the necessary subsidies for prevention and early intervention in the presence of possible signs and symptoms of PD. This is a bibliographic study carried out in libraries, the internet, scientific technical books and monographs. The results evidenced that in Brazil there is still no research that shows the real incidence of people affected with this syndrome. It is hoped that this discourse can guide the work of health professionals - specifically nurses - in the development of the syndrome and provide the means for adequate care directed at the patients and their families. Keywords: Panic Disorder; Risk factors; Intervention; Prevention.

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Okasha, A., Z. Bishry, A. H. Khalil, T. A. Darwish, A. Seif El Dawla, and A. Shohdy. "Panic Disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 164, no. 6 (June 1994): 818–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.164.6.818.

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We compared three groups of patients with panic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder and major depressive episode with a control group. Methods of comparison included a clinical profile of the patients, assessed by the Arabic version of the Present State Examination (PSE), a psychological battery of tests measuring personality traits and depressive and anxiety states, and the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) as a biological marker. Our data showed that psychological assessment and DST did not significantly differentiate between the three disorders. Despite a symptom overlap between the disorders, however, some symptoms were associated significantly more often with one disorder than another. Patients with panic disorder differed from patients with major depressive episode in showing more situational, avoidance and free floating anxiety, and more anxious foreboding. They showed less self-negligence, ideas of guilt, early awakening and social withdrawal. Compared with patients with generalised anxiety disorder, patients with panic disorder showed more loss of interest and muscle tension and less anxious foreboding, restlessness, inefficient thinking, social withdrawal and delayed sleep. Our conclusion is that the clinical course and the symptom profile of panic disorder justifies its existence as an independent diagnostic category.

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Filho, Alaor S., Benedito C. Maciel, Minna M. D. Romano, Thiago F. Lascala, Clarissa Trzesniak, Maria C. Freitas-Ferrari, Antonio E. Nardi, Rocío Martín-Santos, Antonio W. Zuardi, and José A. S. Crippa. "Mitral valve prolapse and anxiety disorders." British Journal of Psychiatry 199, no. 3 (September 2011): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.091934.

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SummaryWe investigated whether there is an association between anxiety disorders and mitral valve prolapse. We compared mitral valve prolapse prevalence in individuals with panic disorder (n = 41), social anxiety disorder (n = 89) and in healthy controls (n = 102) in an attempt to overcome the biases of previous studies. Our results show no associations between panic disorder or social anxiety disorder and mitral valve prolapse, regardless of the diagnostic criteria employed, and that the relationship between these conditions seems not to be clinically relevant.

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Hutchison, Taylor E., Alexander Murley Penney, and Jessica E. Crompton. "Procrastination and anxiety: Exploring the contributions of multiple anxiety-related disorders." Current Issues in Personality Psychology 6, no. 2 (March 16, 2018): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2018.73054.

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BackgroundProcrastination is the unnecessary delay of a task that subsequently creates anxiety (Rothblum, Solomon, & Maurakami, 1986). Research suggests that procrastination is linked with poorer mental health, but questions remain regarding its association with anxiety disorders. Studies exploring obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and procrastination have found high levels of procrastination in OCD (Ferrari & McCown, 1994), but have also found no association between obsessive thoughts and procrastination (Kağan, Çakır, İlhan, & Kandemir, 2010). Scher and Osterman (2002) found that procrastination correlated with physiological anxiety and social anxiety, but not worry. No previous research has examined the connection between procrastination and health anxiety.Participants and procedureA non-clinical university sample (N = 300) completed online self-report questionnaires in order to examine the relationships between procrastination and symptoms of OCD, generalised anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, health anxiety, and panic disorder.ResultsSymptoms of panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and health anxiety correlated with levels of procrastination. However, using a multiple regression analysis, only panic disorder symptoms uniquely predicted procrastination.ConclusionsIt is proposed that people with panic disorder may procrastinate to avoid anxiety inducing situations, or that individuals who frequently procrastinate may become sensitive to the anxiety caused by procrastination, thereby potentially triggering panic disorder. The full implications of these findings are further discussed.

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Fullana, Miguel, and Issac Marks. "Self-help for phobias and panic disorders." Bereavement Care 27, no. 2 (June 2008): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02682620808657722.

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Harris, Tirril, and Thomas Craig. "Social aspects of mood disorders." Psychiatry 5, no. 5 (May 2006): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/psyt.2006.5.5.154.

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Vila, G., and M. C. Mouren-Simeoni. "Attaques de panique et troubles panique chez l'enfant." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 38, no. 1 (February 1993): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379303800105.

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Panic disorders in adults have been the object of many studies. They are better known in adolescents but have been noticed insufficiently in children although panic disorder is potentially dangerous at that age. After demographic considerations, the clinical aspects are examined and illustrated using two detailed observations.

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Baillie, Andrew J., and Ronald M. Rapee. "Panic attacks as risk markers for mental disorders*." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 40, no. 3 (March 2005): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-005-0892-3.

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Chystovska, Yu Yu. "Panic disorders as somatic and neurotic states of personality: conditioning, behavioural learning." Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 43, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2021.1.9.

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Panic disorder is examined in the article as a clinical syndrome which sets a context to study relevance of basic principles of conditioning and learning to the questions of origin and development of psychopathologies. It is proven that panic attack is sudden experiencing of strong fear or discomfort accompanied by various somatic and psychical symptoms, for example, heart palpitation, stethalgia, feeling of breath shortage, dizziness, ideas about madness, loss of self-control or death. It is mentioned that experiencing of unexpected panic attacks however is not a sufficient criterion for establishment of panic disorder. Except listed above, an individual must feel substantial anxiety or deep concern about possibility of next attack and/or its consequences, for example, cardiac attack, madness or loss of (sels)control. Nowadays there are at least three main psychological theories related to the origin of panic disorder as a mental disorder. Two of them, cognitive theory and theory of anxiety sensitivity, mark cognitive aspects of the disorder, and historically earlier conditioning theory was yielded to various criticism. Taking into account earlier perspectives of panic disorder, our understanding of this phenomenon underlines the key role of early conditioning episodes in etiology of the disorder. Such perspective can be considered as a strength of learning theories, since it includes empirically verifiable explanation of etiology of panic disorder. Anxiety and panic are examined as separate states within panic disorder; anxiety is not simply weaker version of panic, and panic accordingly isn’t just stronger or more expressed version of anxiety. Anxiety prepares psyche of an individual to future trauma, while panic works (as a mean of mental defense) with a trauma that is being experienced here and now. Conditioned anxiety, caused by interoceptive and exteroceptive signals, serves for augmentation of future panic reactions. Thus anxiety becomes precursor of panic. It is summarized that therapeutic approaches that include extinction or counterconditioning of conditional stimuli which influence the disorder, will be the most successful.

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van Niekerk, Jan K., André T. Möller, and Charl Nortje. "Self-Schemas in Social Phobia and Panic Disorder." Psychological Reports 84, no. 3 (June 1999): 843–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.3.843.

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A modified Stroop color-naming task was used to investigate whether social phobia and panic disorder are associated with a hypervigilance to social and physical threat-related cues, respectively, as predicted by Beck's cognitive theory of anxiety disorders. Color-naming latencies of 13 individuals with social phobia and 15 with panic disorder for words representing social and physical threats, respectively, were compared to matched neutral control words. The results did not support the hypothesis that the self-schemas of individuals with panic disorder are hypersensitive to information association with physical threat and that persons with social phobia are overly concerned with social threat.

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Perugi, G., H. S. Akiskal, L. Musetti, E. Simonini, and G. B. Cassano. "Social Adjustment in Panic-Agoraphobic Patients Reconsidered." British Journal of Psychiatry 164, no. 1 (January 1994): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.164.1.88.

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Forty-eight depressed panic-agoraphobic patients - clinically matched for severity of depression with 35 primary chronic depressives - had significantly better adjustment in most areas of social functioning, especially those related to interpersonal contact, work, leisure activities, and sexual life. Even when depressed, panic-agoraphobic patients appear to possess sufficient interpersonal skills - that is, by leaning on significant others - to engage in a range of social activities, both at home and beyond. These data, which are open to different interpretations, nonetheless suggest that anxiety and mood disorders differently affect certain key areas of social adjustment.

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Rogers, Malcolm P., Kerrin White, Meredith G. Warshaw, Kimberly A. Yonkers, Fernando Rodriguez-Villa, Grace Chang, and Martin B. Keller. "Prevalence of Medical Illness in Patients with Anxiety Disorders." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 24, no. 1 (March 1994): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/txm9-evx8-q4wt-g03j.

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Objective: This investigation examines the prevalence and characteristics of medical illness in 711 patients enrolled in the Harvard/Brown Anxiety Disorders Research Program (HARP), a multi-center, longitudinal study of anxiety disorders. Method: Elligible subjects were those with present or past index anxiety disorders: panic disorder without agoraphobia, panic disorder with agoraphobia, agoraphobia without panic disorder, social phobia, or generalized anxiety disorder. They were assessed by trained raters using structured diagnostic interviews and the Medical History Form II. Results: Patients with panic disorder and co-morbid major depressive disorder had significantly higher rates of reported medical illness than anxiety disorder patients without depression. When the rates of medical illness for all subjects were compared with those from the Rand Health Insurance Experiment, we found the prevalence of several medical problems to be disproportionately increased. Conclusions: Although our results are preliminary, it appears that patients with panic disorder have more reported medical problems than the public at large, in particular, more ulcer disease, angina, and thyroid disease. Somatic complaints in patients with panic disorder, therefore, need to be carefully considered.

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Jansen, Marijke A., Arnoud Arntz, Harald Merckelbach, and Peter Paul A. Mersch. "Personality disorders and features in social phobia and panic disorder." Journal of Abnormal Psychology 103, no. 2 (1994): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.103.2.391.

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ZIMMERMANN, P., H. U. WITTCHEN, M. HÖFLER, H. PFISTER, R. C. KESSLER, and R. LIEB. "Primary anxiety disorders and the development of subsequent alcohol use disorders: a 4-year community study of adolescents and young adults." Psychological Medicine 33, no. 7 (September 25, 2003): 1211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291703008158.

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Background. Cross-sectional findings in community surveys of adults suggest that adolescent anxiety disorders are strong predictors of the subsequent onset of alcohol use, abuse and dependence. However, prospective data that follow a sample of adolescents into adulthood are needed to confirm these associations.Method. Baseline and 4-year follow-up data from the EDSP-Study, a prospective community survey of 3021 (2548 at follow-up) adolescents and young adults aged 14 to 24 years at baseline carried out in Munich, were used. DSM-IV anxiety disorders, alcohol use and alcohol use disorders were assessed with the Munich-Composite-International-Diagnostic-Interview (M-CIDI). Multiple logistic regression analysis, controlling for age, gender, other mental disorders, substance use disorders and antisocial behaviour was used to study the associations of baseline anxiety disorders with the subsequent onset and course of alcohol use and alcohol disorders.Results. Baseline social phobia significantly predicts the onsets of regular use and hazardous use and the persistence of dependence. Panic attacks significantly predict the onsets of hazardous use and abuse as well as the persistence of combined abuse/dependence. Panic disorder significantly predicts the persistence of combined abuse/dependence. Other anxiety disorders do not significantly predict any of the outcomes.Conclusions. Panic and social phobia are predictors of subsequent alcohol problems among adolescents and young adults. Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms and the potential value of targeted early treatment of primary panic and social phobia to prevent secondary alcohol use disorders.

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Tweed, J. Lindsey, Victor J. Schoenbach, Linda K. George, and Dan G. Blazer. "The Effects of Childhood Parental Death and Divorce on Six-Month History of Anxiety Disorders." British Journal of Psychiatry 154, no. 6 (June 1989): 823–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.154.6.823.

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Duke Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) data were used to examine the relationships between: (a) early childhood maternal death, paternal death, and parental separation/divorce, and (b) six-month DIS/DSM-III diagnoses of agoraphobia with and without panic attacks, simple phobia, social phobia, panic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Associations were found between: (a) maternal death and agoraphobia with panic attacks, and (b) parental separation/divorce and agoraphobia with panic attacks and panic disorder. The associations could not be explained by the effects of potentially confounding socio-demographic factors.

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Chignon, J. M., and J. P. Lépine. "Trouble Panique et Alcoolisme: Influence de la Comorbidité." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 38, no. 7 (September 1993): 485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379303800705.

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Both epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of panic disorder among alcoholic patients. In contrast, little attention has been given to studying alcohol abuse and/or dependence in patients suffering from panic disorder. One hundred and fifty-five consecutive referrals for treatment for panic disorder were interviewed using a modified version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia—Lifetime Version, modified for the study of anxiety disorders. Thirty-two patients (20.7%) had a lifetime history of alcohol abuse and/or dependence. Although the lifetime comorbidity rate of either agoraphobia and/or social phobia seems without any influence on the risk of alcohol-related disorder, alcoholic patients suffering from panic disorder appear to be more likely to have a history of depression and other addictive disorders. The majority of patients with primary alcoholism were male, and those who became alcoholics after they developed panic disorder were more likely to be female. The comparison between patients with primary and secondary alcoholism did not indicate any difference in the comorbidity rate with other psychiatric disorders nor the severity of panic disorder.

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Kotova, O. V., A. R. Artemenko, A. A. Belyaev, E. S. Akarachkova, and V. E. Medvedev. "Respiratory panic attacks and COVID-19 Contact details: Kotova O.V. — PhD (medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Pathology Address: 45 Dubninskaya St., building 1, apt. 1, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127174, tel.: +7-903-117-99-83, e-mail: ol_kotova@mail.ru The unpredictability of the COVID-19 spread and the pandemic has led to a loss of self-control in many people, to anxiety and panic. Social restrictions due to the new coronavirus infection also negatively affected the mental and social well-being of the population. Under these conditions, the mental disorders incidence, including panic disorders, has increased significantly and has attracted attention to this problem as one of the current pandemic consequences. Panic attacks can have a significant respiratory component. In such cases, panic attacks are called respiratory attacks, and their clinical manifestations may be similar to some of the COVID-19 symptoms. For example, coughing and breathlessness are common in coronavirus infection and are potentially considered by patients as а high risk symptoms of an adverse outcome, and cause fear of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome. Due to the possibility of the increase of the respiratory panic attacks prevalence after the COVID-19 pandemic has regressed, the relevance of timely detection and adequate treatment of panic disorder is increasing. Key words: panic attacks, hyperventilation syndrome, respiratory panic attacks, panic disorder, COVID-19." Practical medicine 19, no. 1 (2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32000/2072-1757-2021-1-29-33.

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The unpredictability of the COVID-19 spread and the pandemic has led to a loss of self-control in many people, to anxiety and panic. Social restrictions due to the new coronavirus infection also negatively affected the mental and social well-being of the population. Under these conditions, the mental disorders incidence, including panic disorders, has increased significantly and has attracted attention to this problem as one of the current pandemic consequences. Panic attacks can have a significant respiratory component. In such cases, panic attacks are called respiratory attacks, and their clinical manifestations may be similar to some of the COVID-19 symptoms. For example, coughing and breathlessness are common in coronavirus infection and are potentially considered by patients as а high risk symptoms of an adverse outcome, and cause fear of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome. Due to the possibility of the increase of the respiratory panic attacks prevalence after the COVID-19 pandemic has regressed, the relevance of timely detection and adequate treatment of panic disorder is increasing.

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Page, Andrew C., and Gavin Andrews. "Do Specific Anxiety Disorders Show Specific Drug Problems?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30, no. 3 (June 1996): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679609065007.

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Objective: Comorbidity between anxiety and substance use disorders was examined. The hypothesis was tested that social phobics may report greater problem alcohol use (if alcohol is used to manage social anxiety) while problem use of sedative-hypnotics may be greater in people with panic (who may be over-prescribed anxiolytics because they repeatedly seek medical assistance). Method: Self-reported lifetime rates of drug and alcohol problems were assessed with the computerised Diagnostic Interview Schedule — Revised. Subjects were 146 consecutive patients treated for panic disorder (with and without agoraphobia) and social phobia at the Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety Disorders. Results: High prevalences of alcohol problems (three times that expected) and problem use of sedative hypnotics (eight times that expected) were found in all diagnoses. Social phobics exhibited comparatively high rates of problem alcohol use, but no diagnostic specific differences in problem sedative-hypnotic use were found. Conclusion: Routine screening for drug and alcohol problems is necessary for patients with anxiety disorders.

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Bourenane, Samiya, and Abdelmalek Ghoumres. "The psychological diagnosis of panic disorder." Technium Social Sciences Journal 37 (November 9, 2022): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v37i1.7680.

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Psychological disorders are common among society individuals because of life stresses’ accumulations, which differ in terms of diagnosis,categorization and the reasons behind them. This makes them difficult in terms of diagnosis and understanding. Therefore, psychologists have to examine them for the sake of identifying their types, according to psychological and social examinations. The disorders interfere with anxiety and the concerns of panic disorder, which is categorized as an independent pathological category characterized with frequent seizures with subsequent physical signs. This is what we shall explain through this article.

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Kim, Yong-Ku, and Ho-Kyoung Yoon. "Common and distinct brain networks underlying panic and social anxiety disorders." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 80 (January 2018): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.017.

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REICH, JAMES, RUSSELL NOYES, and WILLIAM YATES. "Anxiety Symptoms Distinguishing Social Phobia from Panic and Generalized Anxiety Disorders." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 176, no. 8 (August 1988): 510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-198808000-00011.

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MERIKANGAS, K. R., D. E. STEVENS, B. FENTON, M. STOLAR, S. O'MALLEY, S. W. WOODS, and N. RISCH. "Co-morbidity and familial aggregation of alcoholism and anxiety disorders." Psychological Medicine 28, no. 4 (July 1998): 773–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291798006941.

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Background. This study examined the patterns of familial aggregation and co-morbidity of alcoholism and anxiety disorders in the relatives of 165 probands selected for alcoholism and/or anxiety disorders compared to those of 61 unaffected controls.Methods. Probands were either selected from treatment settings or at random from the community. DSM-III-R diagnoses were obtained for all probands and their 1053 first-degree relatives, based on direct interview or family history information.Results. The findings indicate that: (1) alcoholism was associated with anxiety disorders in the relatives, particularly among females; (2) both alcoholism and anxiety disorders were highly familial; (3) the familial aggregation of alcoholism was attributable to alcohol dependence rather than to alcohol abuse, particularly among male relatives; and (4) the pattern of co-aggregation of alcohol dependence and anxiety disorders in families differed according to the subtype of anxiety disorder; there was evidence of a partly shared diathesis underlying panic and alcoholism, whereas social phobia and alcoholism tended to aggregate independently.Conclusions. The finding that the onset of social phobia tended to precede that of alcoholism, when taken together with the independence of familial aggregation of social phobia and alcoholism support a self-medication hypothesis as the explanation for the co-occurrence of social phobia and alcoholism. In contrast, the lack of a systematic pattern in the order of onset of panic and alcoholism among subjects with both disorders as well as evidence for shared underlying familial risk factors suggests that co-morbidity between panic disorder and alcoholism is not a consequence of self-medication of panic symptoms. The results of this study emphasize the importance of examining co-morbid disorders and subtypes thereof in identifying sources of heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of alcoholism.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Panic disorders – Social aspects'

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