Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Panic disorders – Social aspects'
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Marteinsdóttir, Ína. "Aspects of social phobia /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3323.
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Shapiro, David Morris. "An experimental investigation of the relationship between physiological arousal, panic expectancy and agoraphobia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39446.
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Eisemann, Martin. "Psychosocial aspects of depressive disorders." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Psykiatri, 1985. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101299.
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The objective of this study was to elucidate the possible importance of factors from the social environment for the development of depression. As a theoretical framework, Engel's biopsychosocial model (Engel, 1980), based on systems theory, has been applied. Proceeding from the single individual (characterized by experience, personality, behaviour) as the highest level of the organismic hierarchy the following system levels have been taken into account: dyads, family, community, culture-subculture. The depressive patients (n=lll) showed to be living in a narrowed social network and to lack confiding relationships compared with a non-psychiatric control sample (n=98). The personality characteristics (e.g. anxiety, detachment, suspicion) of the patients were related to experienced loneliness, contact difficulties, social network features and leisure activities. By means of a discriminant analysis 83% of the subjects could be correctly classified. In a study of perceived parental rearing, depressives showed to have experienced lack of emotional warmth. As regards social class an overrepresentation of social class III in the subgroups of unipolar, bipolar and unspecified depression was observed. Finally, implications for treatment are discussed in favour of a combination of drug and cognitive psychotherapy. Future research strategies are also suggested.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1985, härtill 8 uppsatser.
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Elbers, Diony Maria. "Implicit Association Task as measure of threat-related information processing in social phobia and panic disorder /." Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1018.
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Stewart, Sherry Heather. "Anxiety sensitivity and risk for alcohol abuse in young adult females." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41202.
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Much empirical evidence attests to a strong relationship between the panic-related disorders and alcoholism. Recent data suggest that anxiety sensitivity (fear of anxiety) may be one common underlying vailable contributing to the large degree of overlap between the panic-related disorders and alcoholism. In fact, some data indicate that the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and alcohol misuse may be particularly strong in women, a group which is generally underrepresented in the alcoholism etiology literature. Research described in this thesis was conducted with the aim of further elucidating the nature of the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and alcohol use/abuse in young adult women. The series of seven experiments included in this thesis demonstrated that: (1) high levels of anxiety sensitivity are characteristic of subjects meeting diagnostic criteria for panic disorder, an anxiety disorder frequently associated with alcohol abuse; (2) female university students demonstrate significantly higher average levels of anxiety sensitivity than male university students; (3) anxiety sensitivity is an important predictor of self-reported rates of alcohol consumption in university women; (4) high anxiety sensitive university students are both more likely to report drinking alcohol primarily to "cope" with negative emotional states, and less likely to report drinking alcohol primarily for social-affiliative motives, than are low anxiety sensitive university students; (5) high anxiety sensitive women display greater degrees of sober subjective-emotional arousal when anticipating aversive stimulation, greater degrees of sober electrodermal reactivity to the aversive stimulation, and greater sensitivity to the dampening effects of alcohol on these measures of reactivity, than low anxiety sensitive controls; (6) high anxiety sensitive women show a sober attentional bias favoring the processing of physically threatening information, which is dampened through th
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Elbers, Diony. "Implicit Association Task as measure of threat-related information processing in social phobia and panic disorder." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2888.
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Thesis (MA (Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.The main objective of the study was to adapt the Implicit Association Task (IAT) to asses implicit self-relevant fear associations in individuals suffering from social phobia and panic disorder. This involved the development of computerbased word stimuli classification tasks in which participants were expected to classify individually presented words belonging to one of four word categories, namely self-related ‘me’ words, other-related ‘not-me’ words, threat-related words (physical or social threat) and corresponding safety-related words. Two response keys on the computer were to be used, each representing two word categories during a specific trial (e.g., the one representing ‘me’ and ‘threat’, and the other ‘not-me’ and ‘safety’ words). The demanded task was to classify the presented words as quickly and accurately as possible. This resulted in the construction of the Physical Threat Implicit Association Task (PIAT) and the Social Threat Implicit Association Task (SIAT). Both IAT versions were administered to a group of 17 participants diagnosed with social phobia, 17 diagnosed with panic disorder, and 17 ‘normal’ controls. Fear-domain specific self-threat association biases were expected for the social phobics on the SIAT, for the panickers on the PIAT, as well as significant differences with the performances of the control group on the IAT tasks. A secondary objective of the study was to investigate the relationships between the IATs and performances on a variety of self-report scales, namely the Social Phobia Inventory, the Panic Disorder Severity Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. In contrast to what was expected, the results of both the PIAT and SIAT did not demonstrate a facilitation of the classification task during trials when ‘me’ and ‘threat’ words were allocated to one category (i.e., response key), and ‘notme’ and ‘safety’ to the other. On the contrary, all three participant groups demonstrated significant effects in the opposite direction. Furthermore, the differences between the groups on both IATs were insignificant. With the exception of a significant, negative correlation between the results on the SIAT and the Social Phobia Inventory for the social phobia group, all the other IAT and self-report scale correlations were insignificant. The results were explained in terms of a newly proposed ‘two-forces’ cognitive theory. It was speculated that the IAT effects might have been the result of two opposing forces operating at different stages of the information processing system. This is namely (a) a disruption of performance by attention diversion during an early pre-attentive stage of processing, versus (b) a facilitation of the classification task by implicit association during later elaborative stages of processing, with the former apparently making the major contribution to the final IAT effect. This may be a phenomenon unique to anxiety disorders. The implications for future research of the findings and the newly proposed theory were also discussed.
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Marteinsdóttir, Ína. "Aspects of Social Phobia." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Neuroscience, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3323.
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Social phobia is a disabling, lifelong disorder characterised by fear in social settings.
The aim of the present study was to gain more knowledge about diagnostic, neurobiologic and epidemiologic aspects of social phobia.
Thirty-two individuals were assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I and II psychiatric disorders, the Karolinska Scales of Personality and the Temperament and Character Inventory. Social phobia was accompanied by concurrent axis I disorders in about 28% of individuals, lifetime axis I disorders in 54%, personality disorders in 60%, and avoidant personality disorder (APD) in 47%. This suggests that there is a high comorbidity between social phobia and APD according to the DSM-IV criteria. The personality profiles associated with social phobia were dominated by anxiety-related traits that were primarily related to social phobia itself and not to the presence of concurrent personality disorders.
Eighteen subjects with social phobia and eighteen controls were investigated with positron emission tomography and the radiolabeled serotonin precursor, [3 -11C]–5-HTP (5-HTP). Individuals with social phobia demonstrated proportionally lower regional relative whole brain accumulation of 5-HTP in areas of the frontal and temporal cortices as well as the striatum, but higher accumulation in the cerebellum. This suggests that there are imbalances in presynaptic serotonin function in individuals with social phobia, although this could only be confirmed in men, and not in women.
By means of a postal survey, distributed to 2000 randomly selected individuals, social phobia in Sweden was found to be common, with a point prevalence of 15.6%.
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Swain, Barbara J. "The relationships between clinical features of eating disorders and measures of individual and family functioning." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184524.
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The performances of 114 eating disordered females on measures of individual and family functioning were examined via t-tests, analyses of variance, and chi squares analyses. Subjects met DSM-III-R criteria for anorexia nervosa, anorexia nervosa with bulimia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or eating disorder not otherwise specified. Measures included selected scales of the MMPI, Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, the Bem Sex Role Inventory, the Eating Disorder Questionnaire, the Moos Family Environment Scale, and the Berren-Shisslak Family Dynamics Survey. First, performances on the measures were compared to normative samples and across diagnostic groups. As expected, the subjects differed from normative samples on many dependent measures, but the diagnostic groups differed little among themselves. Next, an examination of 45 clinical features suggested that subjects were not as symptomatically distinct as diagnosis might imply. Finally, diagnosis was set aside to examine the relationships of specific clinical features to the measures of individual and family functioning. These features included age, weight history, food binges, vomiting, laxative and diuretic use, food restriction, menstrual history, exercise, drug and alcohol abuse, symptom severity, inpatient treatment history, and additional diagnosis. Surprisingly, a history of anorectic weight was not related to any of the measures, but amenorrhea emerged as a clinical feature of some import, not just among the anorectic subjects but among subjects generally. Other findings suggested that patients who binge have difficulty with separation, that binges may be a metaphor for unsatisfied cravings for nurturance, and that vomiting and exercise may enhance a sense of separateness while laxative use may represent the private expulsion of anger. The need for family involvement in treatment was highlighted by many relationships between the clinical features and indices of family dysfunction.
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Christopulos, Jesse Carin. "Oppression through obsession: A feminist theoretical critique of eating disorders." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1019.
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Madell, Dominie Edward. "Associations between social anxiety disorders and the social aspects of young people's Internet and mobile phone use." Thesis, Durham University, 2006. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2890/.
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This thesis investigates young people's use of the Internet and mobile phones, and focuses especially on associations between use of these technologies for communication purposes and social anxiety. First, two surveys are reported which examine the broad characteristics of young people’s Internet and mobile phone use. The first of these was conducted on paper and provides a general description of these activities amongst young people in the Teesside area of England. The second survey was conducted online with a population from a wider area and supports the paper survey. Together, the surveys indicate that there may be a small bias towards male use of and competence with the Internet. There may also be a small bias towards female use of mobile phones. Results concerning non-use of the Internet and mobile phones are also discussed. Reports of the surveys are followed by descriptions of a questionnaire study, also conducted in the Teesside area of England, which indicates that associations between the psychological conditions social anxiety and social phobia and use of the Internet and mobile phones, generally, and for communication purposes, are minimal. (However, small but significant associations are discussed). Finally, was conducted using Grounded Theory, is described. This reveals that that control over social interactions, sometimes in relation to transient, or situational, social anxiety, might be one important reason why young people like to use text-based Internet and mobile phone communication media to interact. It is concluded that whilst social anxiety as a psychological characteristic or trait may not be strongly related to young people s use of the Internet and mobile phones for communication purposes, young people may nevertheless sometimes use these technologies to manage situational social anxiety.
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Helmcamp, Annette Marguerite. "Sociocultural and Psychological Correlates of Eating Disorder Behavior in Nonclinical Adolescent Females." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277584/.
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Tjäderborn, Micaela. "Psychoactive prescription drug use disorders, misuse and abuse : Pharmacoepidemiological aspects." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för läkemedelsforskning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-130768.
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Background: There is a widespread and increasing use of psychoactive prescription drugs, such as opioid analgesics, anxiolytics, hypnotics and anti-epileptics, but their use is associated with a risk of drug use disorder, misuse and abuse. Today, these are globally recognized and emerging public health concerns. Aim: The aim of this thesis is to estimate the prevalence of psychoactive prescription drug (PPD) use disorders, misuse and abuse, and to investigate the association with some potential risk factors. Methods: A study using register data from forensic cause of death investigations investigated and described cases of fatal unintentional intoxication with tramadol (Study I). Based on register data on spontaneously reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported cases of tramadol dependence were investigated and summarised (Study II). In a study in suspected drug-impaired drivers with a toxicology analysis confirming the intake of one out of five pre-specified PPDs, the prevalence of non-prescribed use was assessed and associated factors were investigated (Study III). From a cohort of patients initiating prescribed treatment with pregabalin, using data on prescription fills, a study investigated longitudinal utilisation patterns during five years with regards to use of the drug above the maximum approved daily dose (MAD), and factors associated with the utilisation patterns (Study IV). Results: In the first study, 17 cases of unintentional intoxications were identified, of which more concerned men, the median age was 44 years and the majority used multiple psychoactive substances (alcohol, illicit drugs and prescription drugs). The second study identified 104 spontaneously reported cases of tramadol dependence, in which more concerned women, the median age was 45 years, and a third reported a history of substance abuse and 40% of past psychoactive medication use. In the third study, more than half of the individuals suspected of drug-impaired driving used the drug without a recent prescription. Non prescribed use was most frequent in users of benzodiazepines and tramadol, and was more likely in younger individuals and in multiple-substance users. In the last paper five longitudinal utilisation patterns were found in pregabalin users, with two patterns associated with a particularly high risk of doses above the maximum approved dosing recommendation. This pattern of use was associated with male sex, younger age, non-urban residency and a recent prescribed treatment with an antiepileptic or opioid analgesic drug. Conclusions: This thesis shows that psychoactive prescription drug use disorders, misuse and abuse occur and may have serious and even fatal consequences. The prevalence varies between different drugs and populations. Abuse and misuse seem to be more common in young people. Fatal intoxications and misuse of prescribed drugs may be more common in men, while drug use disorders following prescribed treatment may be more common in women and non-prescribed use equally distributed between women and men. Individuals with a history of mental illness, substance use disorder or abuse, or of past use of psychoactive medications are likely important risk groups. In summary, the findings suggest a potential for improvements in the utilisation of psychoactive prescription drugs. The results may be useful in the planning of clinical and regulatory preventive interventions to promote the rational, individualised and safe use of such drugs.
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Arias, Rosa, and Flora Irene Dharmaraj. "Levels of subjective quality of life among adults with psychotic disorders formerly in foster care: Compared to a matched sample." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3117.
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The purpose of this study was to explore whether or not adults with psychotic disorders, who were formerly in foster care, are more likely to report a lesser quality of life as compared to a matched sample with no history of foster care.
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Dorrer, Nike Cornelia. "Women, body and eating : a social representational study in British and Tobagonian cultural contexts." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21460.
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In this thesis I explore women's engagement with body, weight and eating from a socio-cultural perspective. I discuss the limitations of current research on body dissatisfaction and propose that women's negative appraisal of their body needs to be understood as an active engagement with their social context. Research that focuses on the interaction of ethnic/cultural differences and body dissatisfaction seeks to clarify the interrelationship between femininity, gender and culture and suggests that women's dissatisfaction with their body is linked to levels of global Westernisation. My criticism of this research is that it conceptualises culture and social knowledge in a simplistic way. I propose social representations theory and the principles of dialogicality as an alternative research paradigm and argue that such an approach can overcome the dichotomy of individual and social, inner and outer. In order to explore the interaction of the subjective with the social in relation to the negative and positive appraisal of the body an interview study was conducted in two distinct cultural contexts. In depth interviews were conducted with 14 women in the UK and 12 women in Tobago, WI. The thema recognition/disrespect was used as an interpretative frame. The results show that the meanings that were assigned to the body interlinked with socially enacted representations of self, other and femininity. While the thema recognition/disrespect could be seen to be problematised through contradictory conditions of worth in the UK, it was the notion of 'disrespect' in interrelation with representations of others that was foregrounded in women's reflections in Tobago. In both research locations women negotiated constraining or contradictory demands of femininity and 're-presented' themselves through the construction of alternative identities.
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Cobain, Marilyn Jeanette, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Life events and cognitive processing in sexually dysfunctional individuals." Deakin University, 1996. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050825.151625.
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The aim of this study was to make an assessment of the role of the cognitive component in the development of sexual dysfunction.
Past studies have largely focused on the impact of particular events on sexual dysfunction and have not assessed the role of the perception of these events. A number of theories on sexual dysfunction have been developed to explain the influence of cognitions, but these have not been empirically tested.
This study investigated the role of the cognitive evaluation of sexual experiences among 30 sexually dysfunctional participants and 30 control participants who were matched on age, marital status and biological sex.
The Cognitive Aspects of Sexual Dysfunction Measure (CASDM) was constructed to evaluate sexual dysfunction. This measure was designed to tap into the major events in participants lives and, more importantly, the participants perceptions of these events.
The components assessed were the intergenerational (family of origin), individual, current life and relationship aspects of the persons life. These factors were measured from the responses to questions regarding the participant's cognitions about past experiences, the effect of the past experience on the participant at the lime it occurred and the influence this experience had on the participant's sense of self now, their relationship now and sexual functioning now.
The main findings in the intergenerational area were that past experiences were perceived by the sexually dysfunctional group to be having an impact on the self, relationships and their sexual functioning although there were no actual differences between the sexually functional and the sexual dysfunctional participants in the occurrence of the event.
For the individual factors, there were differences between the sexually functional and sexually dysfunctional participants in both values and lifestyle, although these were not perceived to be having an impact on the self, relationship and sexual functioning.
In the relationship area, anger was the major factor separating the sexually functional and sexually dysfunctional groups. Anger was high among the sexually dysfunctional participants and was perceived to be having an impact on self, the couples relationship and their sexual functioning. The importance of all these variables in providing a better understanding of the cognitive factors in sexual dysfunction was discussed. The findings demonstrate the importance of cognitions in influencing sexual functioning.
Clinicians should not simply deal with the life experiences of sexually dysfunctional people when attempting to change their behaviour, but should focus on changing cognitions about the behaviours in relation to sexual functioning.
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Martin, Fiona Barbouttis. "Self-understanding in high-functioning males with autism spectrum disorders : relationship with social functioning and theory of mind." University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4990.
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Doctor of PhilosophyAim. This study aims to investigate self-understanding in young males with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and to determine whether self-understanding is related to social functioning and theory of mind (ToM). In addition, this study aims to examine the characteristics and abilities of young males with high-functioning autism (HFA) and Asperger’s disorder (AD) to determine whether there are significant differences in selfunderstanding and whether self-understanding is related to social functioning and ToM between these two groups. The results have important implications for social skills interventions for young people with ASD. Method. Forty three young males diagnosed with one of the ASD (25 diagnosed with HFA and 18 diagnosed with AD) were compared with 38 TD males. Participants were assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Interview- Revised (ADI-R), the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (KBIT), the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS), the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test- Third Edition (PPVT-III), Damon and Hart’s Self-understanding Interview, and two false-belief ToM tasks. Results. Children with ASD had difficulties recognising and attributing their own mental states and failed to integrate various aspects of the self. Specifically, the ASD group produced fewer self-statements that reflected agency (the awareness and understanding that one is in control of their actions), social aspects of self (such as personality characteristics and group membership) and psychological aspects of self (such as emotions, thoughts and cognitive processes). Instead, children with ASD produced more concrete physical self-statements (such as body characteristics and material possessions). A significant positive relationship was found between selfunderstanding and social functioning for the ASD group. Within the ASD group, the relationship held for the HFA group only. In terms of ToM, children with ASD were less able to correctly answer the second-order false-belief ToM question compared to the TD group. For the ASD group, there was a significant positive correlation between self-understanding and ToM. Within the ASD group, the relationship held for the HFA group only. Conclusions. The results show young males with high-functioning ASD are less aware of their own and others’ mental states perhaps reflecting a general delay in the development of self-understanding and ToM. Furthermore, a more developed self-understanding may translate to improved social functioning and ToM ability for young males with high-functioning ASD. For young males with HFA, self-understanding and ToM may stem from a common underlying cognitive framework. Consequently, treatments aimed at improving self-understanding may simultaneously improve ToM, or vice versa. For individuals with AD there may be a separate cognitive mechanism responsible for self-understanding and another for ToM. Therefore, different interventions may be required; one to improve self-understanding and another to improve the understanding of others’ minds. Overall, these results may assist in the development of practice parameters for social skills training for those with ASD.
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Tanner, Janis, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "An ethnography of disordered eating in urban Canada." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2006, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/362.
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This thesis examines the problem of disordered eating based on ethnographic fieldwork
in emergency shelters, soup kitchens, and eating disorder support groups, as well as
interviews with medical professionals, and other residents of a Canadian city. This
person-centered ethnography that explores the eating behaviors of not only those who
have been diagnosed with 'eating disorders', but also those who are unable at times to
provide themselves with food reveals that in spite of a prevailing discourse that
determines eating as an independent act, food choices and eating patterns are dependent
social 'works of the imagination' affected and shaped by social determinants and cultural
norms. From eating disorders to type 2 diabetes and 'food as gift,' the lived experience
of individuals indexes the ways in which food, power, and identity are enmeshed and
embedded within culture. This critical perspective argues that disordered eating is
socially and culturally produced and reproduced.vi, 182 leaves ; 29 cm.
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Mettrick, Jon George. "Test anxiety and coping with evaluation." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1512.
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Dinicola, Jennifer Ann, and Tamara Ann Pine. "Eating disorders and early attachment difficulties." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1937.
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Graver, Ellen 1953. "Family stress, social support, and health beliefs as determinants of maternal compliance behavior in relation to the dietary management of the obese infant." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276747.
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Hypotheses explaining maternal compliance behavior in relation to maternal attitudes and motivations and family and social influences were explored retrospectively in families of 39 obese infants from six to twelve months of age. Maternal social support and infant characteristics were not strongly associated or predictive of maternal compliance behavior. Stressful life changes in the family were negatively associated with maternal compliance to the dietary regimen. Maternal perception of infant fatness was negatively associated with dietary compliance behavior and positively associated with study protocol compliance behavior. Demographic variables were positively associated with compliance to study protocol. Family stress, maternal health beliefs, and demographic variables outweighed social support in their power to predict compliance behaviors. Compliance to study requirements did not necessarily mean compliance to the dietary regimen. Clinical use of assessing family stress, maternal beliefs and demographic variables appears to provide additional understanding of compliance behaviors in mothers with infant feeding recommendations.
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Wang, Chongwen, and 汪崇文. "The impacts of psycho-social-spiritual factors on health-related quality of life among Chinese older adults with visual problems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37044394.
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Westover, Frances Marie. "Group intervention to modify undesirable behavior in children who have experienced parental loss." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1172.
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This study uses a cognitive group intervention approach in an attempt to alter anti-social behavior in elementary school children who experienced parental loss. The findings demonstrate improvement in some behaviors and worsening in others.
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Dinsman, Patricia L. "Social/emotional problems among children and youth with differing degrees of sensorineural hearing loss." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/738.
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Robinson, Tanya Marie. "A critical assessment of the experiences and perceptions of the couple in an unconsummated marriage." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1097.
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Thesis (PhD (Social Work))—University of Stellenbosch, 2005.It is generally accepted that the inability to consummate a marriage causes couples great distress, and can finally lead to divorce. Limited research has been done on the unconsummated marriage in South Africa. International studies have pointed out that the unconsummated marriage is a reality and a prevalent problem. While medical and therapeutic intervention is available, many people still suffer in silence and feel embarrassed about their condition. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the emotional and psycho-social experiences and perceptions of the couple in an unconsummated marriage. In order to achieve this goal, the objectives of the study were to explore the experiences of the couple in an unconsummated marriage in order to obtain the couple’s perception of their marriage; to present a literature overview on the subject of marriage within the context of the family life cycle; to describe the nature and causes of an unconsummated marriage; to critically describe approaches and models that may be used for the assessment of an unconsummated marriage; and to reflect on the implications of the emotional and psycho-social experiences and perceptions of the couple in an unconsummated marriage within a postmodern systemic framework. The purpose of the literature study was to provide a context for the research study. The researcher conducted an extensive literature review in order to establish and refine the research subject and to guide the empirical study. An exploratory study was executed and the purposive non-probability sampling method utilised. The sample for this study was obtained from Intercare Medical Centre, Johannesburg and The Square Medical Centre, Umhlanga between April 2004 and November 2004. Ten couples that have not consummated their marriage were included in the sample. An interview schedule with open-ended questions was used to conduct joint interviews with the couples. The empirical study enabled the researcher to draw certain conclusions. The main conclusion was that males and females in an unconsummated marriage experience and perceive control-related problems; negative feelings towards their own and their partner’s body; a fear of engaging in an intimate relationship and other phobias; a feeling of sin and moral dilemma; feelings of guilt and shame; the manifestation of depression and apathetic attitudes; personal distress and psychological problems; a feeling of serious regret and sadness; self-blame, self-destructive behaviour, mutilation and suicidal thoughts and episodes; and lastly, a lack of information on how to be sexually intimate with a partner. A number of recommendations flowed from the findings. The main recommendation was that healthcare professionals such as social workers should be better educated about the phenomenon of the unconsummated marriage in order to make a correct diagnosis and deliver high quality medical and therapeutic intervention.
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Brans, Suzanne. "Applying the social cognitive and sociological models of stigma to student attitudes towards major depression and bipolar disorder." University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0041.
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The aims of the current research program were to examine the social-cognitive and sociological models of stigma in relation to student attitudes towards an individual experiencing a mood disorder. Two experiments (Studies 1 and 2) sought to empirically distinguish between controllability and responsibility, both constructs of the attribution model which is subsidiary to the social-cognitive model of stigma. Despite manipulating controllability, participants were reluctant to attribute controllability of cause to individuals experiencing depression or bipolar disorder. The stability of beliefs about the controllability of cause for condition onset was consistent with research suggesting that the Australian public increasingly conceptualise mental disorders in terms of biochemical and genetic causal factors. These findings, in combination with past research linking biogenetic beliefs to negative attitudes, resulted in a change in focus of investigation in Studies 3, 4, 5 and 6 to explain why, contrary to the prediction of the attribution model, biogenetic explanations of mental disorders are associated with the proliferation of stigma. To measure causal beliefs, the Causal Belief Inventory (CBI) was developed in Study 3 and refined in Study 4. The correlational results examined in Studies 4, 5 and 6 found that genetic and biochemical causal beliefs were associated with a number of positive attitudes towards individuals experiencing a mood disorder and that genetic cause was associated with a reduced implicit bias against major depression. Furthermore, each study pointed to the centrality of judgments of differentness in determining affective responses and direct and proxy measures of behaviour. In contrast, manipulation of genetic and psychosocial cause in Study 5 found that causal condition largely failed to impact upon student attitudes. Mediator analysis did, however, find that beliefs about the stability of the vignette actor's condition fully mediated the relationship between the negative influence of genetic cause on proxy helping behaviour. Manipulation of psychosocial, genetic and biochemical cause with the inclusion of a non-depressed control in Study 6 resulted in more ambiguous findings. The combination of findings from Studies 1 to 6 suggest that focusing on the impact of the controllability of cause of depression onset on student attitudes is unwarranted. Instead researchers and public health educators should be examining models which facilitate the examination of the cognitive factors that mediate these relationships. Two such models, namely the social-cognitive and sociological models of stigma, were found to adequately fit the data. Recommendations for integrating these two models of stigma are discussed.
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Hill, Christie D. "Effects of Meal Size and Type, and Level of Physical Activity on Perceived Masculinity, Femininity, Likability and Attractiveness." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279273/.
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Previous research indicates that women are judged on the amount of food eaten and that both men and women are judged on the type of food eaten. This study is an attempt to determine whether meal size or type predominantly accounts for these findings on the variables of masculinity, femininity, attractiveness, thinness, fitness, and likability. Physical activity was also included to determine its effect on these variable. Subjects used were 313 undergraduate students. Results indicate that meal type is more influential than meal size and that physical activity significantly influences judgements of others. The results are discussed in terms of future research and relatedness to socio-cultural theories of eating disorders.
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Baldwin, David S., Ian M. Anderson, David J. Nutt, Borwin Bandelow, Alyson Bond, Jonathan R. T. Davidson, Boer Johan A. den, et al. "Evidence-based guidelines for pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-103753.
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These British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines cover the range and aims of treatment for anxiety disorders. They are based explicitly on the available evidence and are presented as recommendations to aid clinical decision making in primary and secondary medical care. They may also serve as a source of information for patients and their carers. The recommendations are presented together with a more detailed review of the available evidence. A consensus meeting involving experts in anxiety disorders reviewed the main subject areas and considered the strength of evidence and its clinical implications. The guidelines were constructed after extensive feedback from participants and interested parties. The strength of supporting evidence for recommendations was rated. The guidelines cover the diagnosis of anxiety disorders and key steps in clinical management, including acute treatment, relapse prevention and approaches for patients who do not respond to first-line treatments.
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VANN, BARBARA HOLCOMBE. "GENDER, SELF-PERCEPTION AND EATING BEHAVIOR." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184190.
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This research, based on a random sample of undergraduates at the University of Arizona, is an exploration of the relationships between normative conformity, self-perception, and eating behavior. The goal of this study was to examine how norms governing appearance and sex roles contribute to a view of self that may result in serious eating problems. Three dimensions of self were included in the study: body image, control, and orientation to others. Specifically, it was hypothesized that overconformity would contribute to a self-concept defined in terms of negative body image, including a high degree of weight consciousness, strong need to exercise self-constraint, and high degree of orientation to others. In turn, this negative self image is likely to be associated with eating behavior which may be described as "weight obsessed," although not necessarily meeting clinical criteria for eating disorders. One of the major purposes of this research was to examine gender differences in the processes contributing to disturbances in eating behavior. It was hypothesized that definitions of the female and male self would have different outcomes in terms of eating behavior. It was also hypothesized that conformity to norms would be a more salient issue for females than for males. Findings of this research indicate that females experience more disturbed eating than males; that societal standards of appearance do affect eating behavior of both females and males, although this effect is greater for females; and that a self-concept defined in terms of negative body image, high weight consciousness, need for constraint, and feelings of failure/inadequacy contribute to problematic eating among females. These results imply that solutions to the problem of disordered eating must be examined in terms of social causes: specifically, current definitions of femininity, attractiveness, and self-concept.
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Mikles, AnnMarie. "Contributing factors of aggression in elementary school age boys." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/477.
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Lewis, Rachel. "Managing romantic closeness in autism : an inter-subjective approach." Thesis, Regent's University London, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.719801.
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Given the limited empirical evidence to guide support for romantic functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), this research aims to explore how closeness is managed in romantic relationships when one member is diagnosed with ASD. 8 participants, 3 couples and 2 individuals aged between 26 and 80 took part in the study. Of these 5 (3 male and 2 female) were autistic and 3 (1 male and 2 females were non-autistic). Participants were recruited using a specialist nationwide organization and they were interviewed individually or conjointly, as well as observed during a 15- minute interaction. Constructivist grounded theory was used to analyse the data and a framework was produced to describe processes of managing closeness in ASD. The core concept to emerge from the analysis was entitled “reaching towards the unknown”. It consisted of three categories, termed “encountering the other”, “reaching for understanding” and “managing uncertainty”. The framework captured processes of joining with and adapting to someone very different, of stretching beyond familiar bounds in order to understand the other and manage uncertainty. This research offers an inter-subjective perspective of ASD. It frames socio-emotional reciprocity and adaptability within romantic relationships as relational phenomena, which are contingent upon factors outlined within the framework. The model considers pre-existing theories about romantic closeness in order to assist counselling psychologists in accommodating ASD within their couple therapy practice.
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O'Keefe, Aimee Marie. "The effectiveness of play therapy in a school-based counseling program." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1686.
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This research project attempted to determine whether play therapy used to treat elementary and junior high school children in a School-Based Counseling program is effective. There is conflicting evidence in the literature as to the effectiveness of therapy with children, especially play therapy. This project used a qualitative design to evaluate play therapy used in a School-Base Counseling program (SBC). Randomly selected case files from the 1998-99 academic year were analyzed using questions considering demographic information for each child, the reason the child was referred to the program, the intervention used by the therapist, and the outcomes of therapy. The results of this project are inconclusive, but support the need for more research to be conducted in the area of play therapy.
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Warin, Megan. "Becoming and unbecoming : abject relations in anorexia /." Title page, synopsis and contents only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw276b.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves [287]-309). Concerned with a group of people's everyday experiences of anorexia. The fieldwork on which the thesis is based was conducted in multiple sites (Vancouver, Edinburgh, and Adelaide) over 15 months (August 1998-October 1999) and deals with 44 women and 3 men ranging in ages from 14-55. Primarily concerned with the processes that propelled them towards and away from this phenomenon: the desires, connections, disconnections, practice, contested performances and struggles of becoming and unbecoming 'anorexic'.
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Kidney, Colleen Anne. "Rethinking Autism, Communication, and Community Involvement: Exploring Involvement in Online Communities, Communication Preference, Autistic Identity, and Self-Determination." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2224.
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Autistic individuals experience marginalization and stigmatization, and are often not connected to mainstream services or organizations fostering peer relationships (Boundy, 2008; Jaarsma & Welin, 2012; Robertson, 2010). Therefore, the accomplishments of the online Autistic community in building a community for self-advocacy, peer-support, friendships, and identity development (Brownlow & O'Dell, 2006; Kidney, 2012) are important to recognize, empirically examine, and promote (Blume, 1997a; Davidson, 2008). Utilizing a community-based participatory research approach (CBPR; Israel, Schulz, Parker, & Becker, 1998) the Academic Autistic Spectrum Partnership in Research and Education (AASPIRE; www.aaspire.org) conducted the AASPIRE Internet Use, Community, and Well-Being Study, and collected data from 151 autistic adults and 173 non-autistic adults. The current study utilized data from the AASPIRE Internet Use, Community, and Well-Being Study on involvement in the online Autistic community, communication preferences, Autistic identity, and self-determination. The aims and rationale for the study were to contribute to the small body of quantitative literature on the online Autistic community, including expanding on findings that support positive outcomes of involvement in the online Autistic community (Kidney, 2012), and whether communication preference influences the relationships. The study also sought to examine the fit of an integrated model of associations among involvement in the online Autistic community, Autistic Identity, and self-determination in autistic adults who do and do not prefer online communication. Additionally, the study aimed to promote positive Autistic research and the voices of autistic participants and CBPR partners by challenging common misperceptions about autistic individuals and community/social interactions, understand the impact of communication preference, and inform policy and education designed for autistic individuals.
The study used data to develop a multi-dimensional construct of involvement in the online community as well as explore the Autistic Identity Scale. The main findings included positive relationships between involvement in the online Autistic community and Autistic identity (r=.33, p<.01), as well as between involvement and self-determination (r=.38, p<.01) in autistic adults. Exploratory analyses yielded mixed results in the cross-sectional sample that was relatively limited in demographic diversity and small considering the number and type of analyses (n=324). Main findings include no moderating impact of preference to communicate online or population type (autistic or non-autistic) on the significant relationships between (1) involvement in the online community and self-determination or (2) involvement in the online community and Autistic identity. However, exploring the relationships among the variables with structural equation modeling, analyses indicated that no significant relationship exists between involvement in the online Autistic community and self-determination in autistic adults who do not prefer online communication.
Findings indicate the need for further research on the complex impact of communication preference in larger samples of autistic adults. Despite sample limitations and mixed results from exploratory analyses, the findings mostly support the associations of involvement in the online Autistic community with Autistic identity and self-determination. The discussion addresses implications of the findings for theory, research, and action. For example, findings may influence how autistic individuals are provided education about and access to new media for fostering community, or lead to the development of online interventions or techniques for the promotion of positive outcomes in autistic individuals.
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Martin, Andrea Roxanne. "Family and media influence on perceived body image." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3078.
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This study has found that negative body image is present in third graders, as young as seven years of age. One interesting finding was that a high number of students who viewed body-oriented magazines had a negative body image.
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Baldwin, David S., Ian M. Anderson, David J. Nutt, Borwin Bandelow, Alyson Bond, Jonathan R. T. Davidson, Boer Johan A. den, et al. "Evidence-based guidelines for pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders: Recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology." SAGE Publications Ltd, 2005. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26469.
Full textAbstract:
These British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines cover the range and aims of treatment for anxiety disorders. They are based explicitly on the available evidence and are presented as recommendations to aid clinical decision making in primary and secondary medical care. They may also serve as a source of information for patients and their carers. The recommendations are presented together with a more detailed review of the available evidence. A consensus meeting involving experts in anxiety disorders reviewed the main subject areas and considered the strength of evidence and its clinical implications. The guidelines were constructed after extensive feedback from participants and interested parties. The strength of supporting evidence for recommendations was rated. The guidelines cover the diagnosis of anxiety disorders and key steps in clinical management, including acute treatment, relapse prevention and approaches for patients who do not respond to first-line treatments.
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Consolati, Amy Lee. "American forensic social workers' knowledge of and skepticism toward dissociative identity disorder." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2910.
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The purpose of this study was to examine forensic social workers' levels of knowledge about skepticism toward Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) in light of the controversy that surrounds the diagnosis. Relationships between demographic and professional practice variables and workers' levels of knowledge and skepticism were analyzed to assess the possible etiology of skepticism toward DID.
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Narikawa, Silvia [UNESP]. "Prevalência da deficiência visual e fatores associados no município de Pratânia - SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105625.
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narikawa_s_dr_botfm.pdf: 800677 bytes, checksum: 3e94c5a65b9664f4409c9bb8f9d65505 (MD5)Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde existem no mundo 285 milhões de pessoas com deficiência visual. As prevalências de cegueira e baixa visão são diferentes em cada país e suas causas principais podem variar. Além disso, alguns fatores podem estar associados a deficiência visual. Uma vez que no Brasil os estudos envolvendo grupos populacionais ainda são escassos, e que os mesmos podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento de políticas de saúde, o presente estudo foi realizado. Avaliar a prevalência de cegueira e baixa visão, assim como suas principais causas e associações com fatores sócio demográficos, hábitos e doenças sistêmicas no Município de Pratânia – SP. Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base populacional no Município de Pratânia – SP. Os dados foram coletados através do atendimento da população utilizando uma unidade móvel para exame oftalmológico e as instalações da unidade básica de saúde do Município. Foram considerados elegíveis todos os habitantes com idade maior ou igual a 40 anos. Foram avaliadas a acuidade visual apresentada e com a melhor correção, utilizando a tabela de Snellen e segundo a classificação da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Além do atendimento oftalmológico, foi realizado um amplo questionário sobre hábitos e doenças sistêmicas assim como um exame clínico de cada indivíduo. O teste T de Student foi utilizado para comparar variáveis contínuas e o qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fischer para variáveis contínuas. Para múltiplas comparações, foi utilizada a análise de variância (ANOVA) e o método de Bonferroni para correção de múltiplas comparações. O modelo de regressão logística foi utilizado para análises univariadas e multivariadas de possíveis fatores associados a cegueira ou baixa visão. Foram avaliadas 681 pessoas (taxa de aderência de 64,4%). Segundo a acuidade visual apresentada, eram portadores de...
According to the World Health Organization, there are in the World 285 million people with visual impairments. The prevalence of blindness and low vision are different in each country and their main causes can vary. In addition, some factors may be associated with visual impairment. Considering that in Brazil studies involving population groups are still scarce, and that they can assist in the development of health policies, this study was conducted. To evaluate the prevalence of blindness and low vision, as well as its main causes and associations with socio-demographic factors, habits and systemic diseases in the City of Pratânia - SP. We performed a cross-sectional population-based study in the city of Pratânia - SP. Data were collected through the examination of the population using a mobile unit for eye examination and the facilities of the basic health unit in the city. We considered eligible all inhabitants aged greater than or equal to 40 years. We evaluated presenting visual acuity and the visual acuity with best correction using the Snellen chart and according to the classification of the World Health Organization. Besides eye examination, it was conducted an extensive interview on habits and systemic diseases as well as a clinical examination of each individual. The Student’s t- test was used to compare continuous variables and chi-square or Fisher exact test for continuous variables. For multiple comparisons, it was used the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Bonferroni method to correct for multiple comparisons. The logistic regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis of possible factors associated with blindness or low vision. A total of 681 people participated in the study (adherence rate of 64.4%). Considering presenting visual acuity, the prevalence of low vision was 4.1% and 2.1% was blind. Considering the visual acuity with best correction, the ...
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LaPorte, Kenna Lee. "The effects of gender and impairment on social contact and leisure activities of community elders." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834131.
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Older Americans will comprise 22.9% of the population by the year 2050 (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1989). The literature has focused attention on the informal networks and leisure activities of the older adult. Most older adults have an effective network of close relationships with family and friends.Schein (1985) suggests that impaired hearing reduces communication resulting in social withdrawal and diminished participation in leisure activities. Only recently has research addressed the impact of subjective memory impairment. The literature on self-reported memory complaints and objective measures of performance are mixed.The purpose of this study was to better understand the role self-reported hearing impairment and memory impairment have on the social contact and leisure activities of community adults. Results indicate that gender is a significant indicator of social contact. The hypothesis that individuals reporting memory difficulties would differ significantly in social contact and leisure activities from unimpaired individuals was supported. No significant multivariate effect appeared for hearing on social contact or leisure activities.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Kidney, Colleen Anne. "Involvement in the Online Autistic Community, Identity, Community, and Well-Being." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/627.
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The values of the disability rights movement and community psychology promote research that focuses on improving the lives of individuals with disabilities (Dowrick & Keys, 2001). Using the Internet for social interactions has been shown to contribute to an individual's identity development, sense of community, and well-being (Obst, Zinkiewicz, & Smith, 2002a; Turkle, 1995). While challenges in typical social interactions have traditionally been considered a defining feature of autism spectrum disorder, autistic individuals have taken advantage of the Internet to develop social interactions (Blume, 1997a). The present study focused on the online Autistic community and how the importance and value of involvement in it is related to Autistic identity, sense of community, and psychological well-being. The Academic Autistic Spectrum Partnership in Research and Education (AASPIRE) partnered with the Gernsbacher Lab to form the Gateway Project. Using the Gateway Project, AASPIRE conducted the Internet Use, Community, and Well-Being Study and collected data from 72 autistic adults online. It was hypothesized that the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community would be positively related to Autistic identity and sense of community, Autistic identity and sense of community would be positively related, and Autistic identity and sense of community would be positively related to psychological well-being. It was also hypothesized that the positive relationship between the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community and psychological well-being would be mediated by Autistic identity and sense of community. Correlations were examined among the hypothesized relationships, and a mediated regression model (Baron & Kenny, 1986) was used to explore the relationship between the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community and psychological well-being with Autistic identity and sense of community as mediators. Significant relationships were found between the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community and Autistic identity, between the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community and sense of community, and between autistic identity and sense of community. As a first step to test the mediated regression models, psychological well-being was regressed on the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community. The regression was not significant; therefore the hypothesized model was not significant. Despite non-significant mediated regression model results, significant relationships among the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community and Autistic identity and sense of community offer important results. These finding illuminate the potential positive impact of the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community, including evidence counter to the myth that autistic individuals lack skills necessary for social relationships. These findings support the positive utility of involvement in the online Autistic community for autistic adults. Further research with a larger sample size is recommended, due to low power coefficients in the analyses. Additional research may also further illuminate the findings of the current study. Possible topics may include sense of community and Autistic identity in individuals that do not use the Internet, differences in the way the Internet is used in autistic individuals, and different measures of involvement in the online Autistic community and well-being.
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Ventura, Mixel, and Emelinda Figueroa. "Elementary school teachers' recognition of depression in children." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1660.
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Baldwin, David S., Ian M. Anderson, David J. Nutt, Christer Allgulander, Borwin Bandelow, Boer Johan A. den, David M. Christmas, et al. "Evidence-based pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder: A revision of the 2005 guidelines from the British Association for Psychopharmacology." Sage, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35384.
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This revision of the 2005 British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines for the evidence-based pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders provides an update on key steps in diagnosis and clinical management, including recognition, acute treatment, longer-term treatment, combination treatment, and further approaches for patients who have not responded to first-line interventions. A consensus meeting involving international experts in anxiety disorders reviewed the main subject areas and considered the strength of supporting evidence and its clinical implications. The guidelines are based on available evidence, were constructed after extensive feedback from participants, and are presented as recommendations to aid clinical decision-making in primary, secondary and tertiary medical care. They may also serve as a source of information for patients, their carers, and medicines management and formulary committees.
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Hollingsworth, Denise Jo. "Special education needs among children exposed to domestic violence." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2378.
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The purpose of the study is to discover whether exposure to domestic violence leads to higher rates of special education placement. The problem of concern is the effect of domestic violence exposure to children, which results in psychological and behavioral problems that may lead to school difficulties and placement in special education programs.
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Akawa, Ester Anna Nelago. "Teachers' perceptions of behavioural problems manifested by Grade 11 and 12 learners in three Namibian schools." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010868.
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In Namibia today few learners with behavioural and learning problems are within special schools as most are placed within the mainstream school system. Placing these learners within the mainstream system is part of the policy of Inclusive Education (IE) because it argues that this would benefit these learners and also save resources. IE is concerned with addressing barriers to learning and behavioural problems are regarded as one of these barriers. IE argues for a series of new approaches to the diagnosis and response to learners with behavioural problems. This poses challenges for teachers in mainstream schools. Teachers are at the forefront of this situation as they are usually the first to observe and experience the behavioural problems in the schools and are expected to respond appropriately. They find this situation both challenging and problematic. This research explores a sample of teachers’ perceptions of learners’ behavioural problems. To collect in-depth information, this study followed a qualitative approach with a case study design. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, supplemented with observation and document analysis. The study consisted of fifteen respondents: three principals, three teacher counsellors and nine teachers from the three selected schools. This study illuminates the types of behaviour that teachers encounter, the impact of these behaviours, the factors seen as contributing to these behaviours, and how teachers and the school system deal with these behaviours. In addition the study applies Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model (1992) to explain how the behaviours manifested by Grade 11 and 12 learners, and identified as problematic by teachers, are part of an interconnected nested social system. The results from the study indicate the manifestation of behavioural problems to be common occurrences in secondary schools are evident, amongst others, through fighting, bullying, substance abuse, truancy, and disrespect of teachers and authority. The teachers pointed to the prevalence of these problems as well as the serious impact such problems have on these learners, their fellow learners, and on the teachers. The teachers identified a complex array of what they saw as contributing factors located within the school, peer groups, family and home circumstances, the local community, as well within the national education policy, the economy and society. The study points to some specific, as well as broader, lessons and opportunities for action both for those managing the education system at the national level and for schools and teachers.
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Laillier, Remi. "Cognition sociale et neuroimagerie dans le vieillissement normal et les dégénérescences lobaires frontotemporales Neurocognitive determinants of theory of mind across the adult lifespan Effects of grey and white matter damages on behavioural disorders, theory of mind and general aspects of cognition in frontotemporal dementias Les substrats cérébraux de la théorie de l’esprit." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC047.
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La cognition sociale réfère à l’ensemble des processus qui nous permettent d’interagir et d’adapter nos comportements dans le monde social. Il a été suggéré que les modifications de ces aptitudes, en particulier de la Théorie de l’esprit (TdE), pouvaient être à l’origine des changements comportementaux observés dans le vieillissement normal et pathologique. L’étude de la cognition sociale dans le cadre des dégénérescences lobaires fronto-temporales (DLFT), maladies neurodégénératives associées à des troubles comportementaux importants, prend tout son sens. Toutefois, les interactions entre la TdE et les autres fonctions cognitives demeurent encore incomprises tant sur le plan cognitif que cérébral. L’objectif de cette thèse était de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension du fonctionnement conjoint de ces aptitudes en s’appuyant sur l’imagerie cérébrale. En adoptant une perspective écologique, nos résultats soulignent les liens entre les processus qui contribuent aux déficits de TdE et les bases neurales qui les sous-tendent. Ils mettent par ailleurs en évidence des déficits subtils et précoces de la TdE chez des sujets porteurs d’une mutation génétique, responsable du développement d’une forme particulière de DLFT, à la phase présymptomatique de la maladieSocial cognition refers to the set of processes that allow us to interact and to adjust our behaviours in the social world. It has been suggested that behavioural modifications observed in normal and pathological aging can be due to changes in social cognition abilities, in particular in Theory of mind (ToM). The study of social cognition within the framework of frontotemporal lobar degenerations (DLFT), pathologies associated with important behavioural disturbances, takes its full meaning. However, relationships between ToM and other cognitive functions are still poorly understood, both on cognitive and cerebral levels. The main aim of these thesis was to contribute to broader understanding of joint working of those processes with the support of brain imaging. By adopting an ecological approach, our results have underlined links between the processes that contribute to ToM deficits and the neural basis on which they rely. They further highlighted subtle and early ToM dysfunctioning in subjects carrying a genetic mutation responsible of the development of a particular FTLD disease, in a presymptomatic stage
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O'Sullivan, Debbie Lee. "Understanding why male juveniles perpetrate: An exploratory study." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2848.
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The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of why social workers believe a male juvenile would commit a sexual abuse act toward another child and how this juvenile should be understood within the social services system and society. Social workers believe interventions are needed once the abuse has occurred.
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Hawkins, Misty Anne. "Affective traits and adiposity : a prospective, bidirectional analysis of the African American Health study data." Thesis, Proquest, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4840.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Research indicates that negative affective traits (e.g., depression) are predictors and consequences of excess adiposity. Given that racial minorities and positive affective traits have been underrepresented in past investigations, more prospective studies are needed which examine multiple affective traits in relation to obesity in these populations. The objective of the current study was to investigate the prospective, bidirectional associations between multiple affective traits and multiple adiposity indicators in African Americans using data from the African American Health (AAH) study. The AAH study is a prospective cohort study of African Americans aged 49-65 years at baseline (N = 998). The longest follow-up period in the current study was 9 years (N = 579). Self-reported and measured body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) and body fat percent (BF%) were used as adiposity indicators. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the 11-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), and anxiety was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2) scale. Positive affective traits were assessed with the Vitality subscale of the Short Form-36 and Positive Affect subscale from the CES-D. Latent variable path analysis, a structural equation modeling technique, was conducted. Although fit statistics indicated that the models fit the data (RMSEA < .06), examination of the structural paths revealed that the CES-D and GAD-2 were not predictors or consequences of self-reported BMI, measured BMI, or BF% (ps > .05). Likewise, Vitality and CES-D Positive Affect were not related to any adiposity indicator (ps > .05). The results of this prospective cohort study suggest that affective traits are not predictors or consequences of adiposity in middle-aged African Americans and that this group may require obesity prevention or intervention programs with little to no emphasis on affective traits. Possible explanations for the current results include ethnic differences in the mechanistic pathways between affective traits and adiposity.
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Brown, Bailey. "Kinder Panic: Parent Decision-Making, School Choice, and Neighborhood Life." Thesis, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-0939-ty31.
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This dissertation examines how changing neighborhoods and the rise of urban school choice policies shape the experiences of parents raising young children. Drawing on 102 interviews with parents of elementary-aged children across New York City, descriptive network and geographic data from parent surveys, and four years of ethnographic observations of school district meetings, I answer four interrelated questions. First, how do parents integrate their sense of self into their school decision-making rationales? Second, how do ideologies around intensive mothering shape the particular experiences of mothers as they navigate school decision-making? Third, how do parents construct school decision-making networks that they draw on for advice and what are the spatial and geographic features of these networks? Lastly how do parents develop assessments of economically-disadvantaged neighborhoods and how do these evaluations guide their parenting strategies and childrearing logics?
Through this research, I make four theoretical contributions. I examine parent decision-making standpoints and demonstrate how parents construct their identities through school decision-making. My findings suggest that socioeconomic differences shape how parents construct their identity as they make school decisions. Working-class parents primarily draw on their past school experiences while middle-class parents integrate their stance for equity into their school decisions. I find that parents across socioeconomic background center their parenting ideals on cultivating their child’s creativity and individuality and seek schools that will nurture their child’s identity.
Second, I conceptualize the particular emotional labor mothers expend as they make school decisions. I find that mothers extend emotional labor in their search for schools for their children. Working-class mothers extend emotional labor at the beginning of the application process as they attempt to navigate application procedures. Middle-class mothers extend emotional labor in later stages as they attempt to implement a strategy for enrollment. Important racial and ethnic differences also shape how mothers take on these additional burdens of care work. I find that white mothers extend emotional labor by persistently contacting school administrators to seek enrollment while mothers of color across socioeconomic background extend emotional labor in their search for schools that will reaffirm and support their children’s marginalized identities.
Third my dissertation contributes to our understanding of network effects in spatial context. I put forth a theory of cumulative network effects by evaluating the spatial attributes of parents’ advice networks. I find that parents draw on advice from family members, other parents, and organizations as they make school decisions. I find that both working-class and middle-class parents are more likely to enroll their children in non-zoned schools and schools that are greater distances away when they accumulate a large and spatially dispersed network.
Lastly, I link together theories on neighborhood perceptions and childrearing by demonstrating how parents’ neighborhood assessments guide their parenting strategies in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. I find that parents’ varying views of economically disadvantaged neighborhoods in turn shapes their child rearing strategies. Parents who view the neighborhood more positively, cultivate relationships with neighbors and encourage their children to do the same, while parents who view the neighborhood less favorably create distance between their family and the neighborhood.
Overall, my findings demonstrate that parenting approaches have shifted as neighborhoods have undergone changes and as educational policies in urban areas have emphasized greater school choice options. I demonstrate how parenting is shaped by decision-making standpoints, longstanding ideologies about motherhood, cumulative network effects in spatial context, and parents’ neighborhood assessments.
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Fooks, Deborah. "Panic disorder : exploration of attachment, heterogeneity and the regulation of anger." Thesis, 2005. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/16073/.
Full textAbstract:
The impact of a panic attack on the individual can be physically and emotionally disabling. Panic disorder -the chronic fear associated with recurrent attacks, is estimated
to have a lifetime prevalence of 3% within the adult population. To date, the treatment panic disorder is restricted to focusing on removal of the manifest symptoms. However, research indicates that this focus is limited in its effectiveness. Recent studies have proposed that this may be due to the assumption in diagnosis, that panic disorder is a homogenous syndrome. Rather, they propose that panic disorder may arise out of a multiplicity of pathways incorporating biological, developmental and/or environmental factors.
This study investigated the proposition that panic disorder is not homogenous. It was proposed that a proportion of sufferers of panic disorder acquire this via a developmental pathway involving childhood separation anxiety and perceptions of aberrant parenting styles. These two variables, which arise out of insecure attachment infancy, have been reported to be present in the histories of a large number of panic disorder patients. Furthermore, it was proposed that emotional issues, in particular anger
suppression, which has been found to be a significant factor arising from insecure attachment and vulnerability in relationships, would also be implicated in the onset of
panic attacks.
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Cruwys, Tegan Llawella. "A social identity analysis of disordered eating behaviour." Phd thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155850.
Full textAbstract:
Across the developed world, rates of disordered eating are increasing. Formal eating disorders, unhealthy dieting and obesity have all been escalating over the last forty years. Various theoretical models have been proposed to explain this increase. Sociocultural models have drawn attention to features of the social environment, such as the cultural value placed on thinness for women (causing body dissatisfaction, and subsequently, weight-loss attempts), or the hyperavailability of energy dense foods and energy-saving technologies (causing obesity). Individualistic models have identified a variety of genetic and personality factors, such as perfectionism, low self-esteem and thin-ideal intemalisation, that increase vulnerability to disordered eating. However, these two approaches to disordered eating are currently a) incompatible, and b) unable to account for the evidence of social influence in eating behaviour. In this thesis, I propose a social identity analysis of disordered eating behaviour. This conceptualisation is able to parsimoniously incorporate previous findings by attending to the mechanism through which sociocultural phenomena are represented psychologically (via self-categorisation). Across 10 studies and 5 empirical chapters, evidence is presented for this social identity analysis. Firstly, a Dieting Intentions Scale is developed and validated in four studies, such that future dieting behaviour may be adequately measured as a dependent variable in the research. Secondly, two experiments demonstrate that the perception of shared psychological group membership is a necessary condition for social influence in eating behaviour. Thirdly, three studies show that the predictors of dieting intentions are context-dependent, and are determined by an individual's salient self-categorisations. Fourthly and finally, one experiment tests the applicability of the social identity analysis of social influence in a clinical population. The thesis has implications for social-psychological theory, in extending and testing the social identity approach, particularly in the health domain. However, it has greater implications for clinical-psychological theory, in questioning the biomedical model of eating pathology and suggesting new strategies for modifying and preventing disordered eating behaviour. Overall, this thesis provides a strong case for the relevance of the social identity approach to health generally, and eating behaviour in particular.
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Isono, Maho. "Thinness in Asia : eating disorders in Singapore as seen through anthropological eyes." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28622.
Full textAbstract:
There has been a growing interest in eating disorders among Singaporean medical
professionals since the 1990s, and the Singaporean public is also starting to become aware of the
risks of these conditions. This ethnographic research on eating disorders in Singapore, conducted
in 2001, however, found that the majority of the informants with these conditions have struggled
with a lack of understanding from others. This thesis aims to increase understanding by bringing
these under-represented sufferers' voices to the forefront.
This thesis focuses on the immense fear and guilt about gaining weight that are shared
by these individuals. Unlike medical science, which usually considers such fear and guilt to be
pathological, this thesis looks at these emotions as cultural by using the anthropological theory of
feelings as well as the theory of the body politic. By illustrating how thinness has become an
ideal image for Singaporean women in the past twenty years, cultural components of these
feelings become readable to those without eating disorders.
This thesis recommends two ways to increase understanding of the informants' inner
struggles. First, medical science should consider culture a possible cause of eating disorders,
since the exclusion of culture from the etiology legitimizes a lack of understanding on the part of
those without eating disorders. Secondly, instead of asserting that appearance is unimportant,
those without eating disorders should acknowledge that appearance plays an important role in
human lives across every culture. Furthermore, they need to understand that while society
superficially encourages people to accept themselves as they are, it stigmatizes fatness more
forcefully. Lastly, they need to consider that the dieting industry often exploits medical science
to justify its image of the ideal female body.Graduation date: 2003