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1
An, Tao, Yv Feng, and Yvting He. "Experimental Study on Fibre Reinforced Resin-Based Composite Stiffened Panel with Low Velocity Impact Damage under Shearing Load." Advanced Composites Letters 26, no. 3 (May 2017): 096369351702600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369351702600301.
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Drop hammer impact tests on the Fibre Reinforced Resin-Based composite stiffened panels are used to make low velocity impact damage. And then shearing experiments on impacted specimen and intact ones are conducted to obtain the buckling load and failure load. Test results of impacted specimens and intact ones are compared to analyse the effect of damage on the carrying capacity of the structure. The results show that there is no obvious buckling during the tests for two kinds of panels. But the low velocity impact damage on the panel can reduce the failure load of the structure a lot. The failure modes mainly contain damage of four corners, cleaving of skin and deformation of specimen and so on. The experimental results offer some valuable references to engineering application of the structure.
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Hossain, Md Delwar, Md Kamrul Hassan, Mahmoud Akl, Sameera Pathirana, Payam Rahnamayiezekavat, Grahame Douglas, Tanmay Bhat, and Swapan Saha. "Fire Behaviour of Insulation Panels Commonly Used in High-Rise Buildings." Fire 5, no. 3 (June 14, 2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5030081.
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The energy efficiency of buildings drives the replacement of traditional construction materials with lightweight insulating materials. However, energy-efficient but combustible insulation might contribute to the building’s fire load. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the reaction-to-fire properties of various insulating materials to provide a better understanding of designing a fire-safe structure. In this study, reaction-to-fire tests were carried out to assess the fire behaviour of lightweight polystyrene insulating panels commonly employed in high-rise buildings. The flammability characteristics of expanded polystyrene (EPS) and extruded polystyrene (XPS) were determined using a cone calorimeter under two distinct external irradiance regimes, 35 kW/m2 and 50 kW/m2, to approximate small to medium fire exposure situations. To investigate the effect of a fire-rated (FR) foil layer on a sandwich panel, three distinct test configurations were used: (i) sample without FR layer (standard sample), (ii) sample with FR layer (FR foil), and (iii) damaged layer (foil and vent) for EPS. Except for the smoke toxicity index (STI), the overall fire performance of EPS is superior to that of XPS. The findings of this study are useful in analysing fire performance and fire safety design for lightweight insulation panels.
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Fowler, Anna, Shazia Mahamdallie, Elise Ruark, Sheila Seal, Emma Ramsay, Matthew Clarke, Imran Uddin, et al. "Accurate clinical detection of exon copy number variants in a targeted NGS panel using DECoN." Wellcome Open Research 1 (November 25, 2016): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.10069.1.
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Background: Targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) panels are increasingly being used in clinical genomics to increase capacity, throughput and affordability of gene testing. Identifying whole exon deletions or duplications (termed exon copy number variants, ‘exon CNVs’) in exon-targeted NGS panels has proved challenging, particularly for single exon CNVs. Methods: We developed a tool for the Detection of Exon Copy Number variants (DECoN), which is optimised for analysis of exon-targeted NGS panels in clinical settings. We evaluated DECoN performance using 96 samples with independently validated exon CNV data. We performed simulations to evaluate DECoN detection performance of single exon CNVs and evaluate performance using different coverage levels and sample numbers. Finally, we implemented DECoN in a clinical laboratory that tests BRCA1 and BRCA2 with the TruSight Cancer Panel (TSCP). We used DECoN to analyse 1,919 samples, validating exon CNV detections by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Results: In the evaluation set, DECoN achieved 100% sensitivity and 99% specificity for BRCA exon CNVs, including identification of 8 single exon CNVs. DECoN also identified 14/15 exon CNVs in 8 other genes. Simulations of all possible BRCA single exon CNVs gave a mean sensitivity of 98% for deletions and 95% for duplications. DECoN performance remained excellent with different levels of coverage and sample numbers; sensitivity and specificity was >98% with the typical NGS run parameters. In the clinical pipeline, DECoN automatically analyses pools of 48 samples at a time, taking 24 minutes per pool, on average. DECoN detected 24 BRCA exon CNVs, of which 23 were confirmed by MLPA, giving a false discovery rate of 4%. Specificity was 99.7%. Conclusions: DECoN is a fast, accurate, exon CNV detection tool readily implementable in research and clinical NGS pipelines. It has high sensitivity and specificity and acceptable false discovery rate. DECoN is freely available at www.icr.ac.uk/decon.
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Nikitin, Vadim, and Andrzej Lapko. "ON MODELLING HEAT AND MOISTURE TRANSFER IN SANDWICH WALL AND SLAB STRUCTURES." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2006): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2006.9636411.
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In real wall or slab structures made of capillary‐porous materials (such as masonry or concrete) exposed to ambient air, the unsteady processes of heat transfer and moisture migration as reciprocal phenomena are observed. Basing on the Fourier general differential equations and using the assumptions of the elementary heat balance method, the problem of heat and moisture transfer has been studied in multi‐layer wall structures, such as sandwich panels. As a result the general equations were proposed and transformed into formulas useful in the FDM approach (Finite Difference Method). On this basis a computer program was written to analyse the phenomena mentioned above. Some computational tests for a concrete sandwich panel wall with insulation made of foamed polyurethane were presented and discussed to illustrate a possible application of this approach. The paper shows that the improvement of computational accuracy of modelling the thermal engineering problems requires an assumption of real parameters which characterise capillary‐porous structural materials and result from moisture transfer.
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Wróbel, Andrzej, Marek Płaczek, and Andrzej Buchacz. "An Endurance Test of Composite Panels." Solid State Phenomena 260 (July 2017): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.260.241.
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In this paper possibilities of freight wagons modernization using new composite materials was presented. This work was carried out under the project number PBS2/A6/17/2013 agreement implemented under the Applied Research Program, founded by the National Centre for Research and Development. All of this activities are done as consortium consists of the scientific entity – the Institute of Engineering Processes Automation and Integrated Manufacturing Systems of the Silesian University of Technology and DB Schenker Rail Poland SA and Germaz. The purpose of this article is analyse the work strength of the connection sheet metal and composite glass-epoxy with multi-point pressure. To estimate the strength of strain-gauge methods were used. The study was conducted on a stand equipped with 4 pneumatic actuators and the PLC. During the tests the same steal plate, then on a plate with mounted rivets and connection steal and composite panel were checked. Some aspects have already been presented in previous publications of the authors. This article is an extension of the previous publications with new knowledge. To determine the changes in the samples strain gauges was used. In the article original program written to the PLC in order to automatically generate pressure on the tested composites was presented. A composite material is a material having a heterogeneous structure composed of two or more components with different properties. structural components most commonly used are fibers such as glass fibers, carbon fibers and Kevlar. Currently, composites are widely used, among others, in construction, aviation, in transprcie, automotive and machinery manufacturing. In this paper research methods for detection of laminate panels damage were presented. Aspect of continuous monitoring of the technical state of the laminate is very important. As part of the work method of endurance test panels made of composite by strain gauge will be presented. In paper machine designed to periodically generate extortion will be also presented. At the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technical University of Silesia are conducted research on the analysis and synthesis of mechanical systems and mechatronics concern both theoretical considerations [10,11] how practical industrial tasks Recent works undertaken relate to research the properties of composite materials [1-4, 12-17] as components and assemblies railway wagons [5,8,11]. Some of the work is conducted in collaboration with other research centers [5-9].
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Paschen, Mathias, Hans Joachim Winkel, and Henning Knuths. "Fluid-Structure Interactions in Pelagic Trawls and Probable Consequences for the Selectivity of the Fishing Gear." Advances in Science and Technology 58 (September 2008): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.58.247.
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To study the phenomenon of fluid-net-structure interaction of a trawl the authors investigated effects of hydro-elasticity of stiff net panels (grids) by means of special experiments in a wind tunnel. The analyses were especially focused on how the grids affect the current. One of the targets was to observe the correlation between the actual distribution of velocity distant and close to the grid and the respective hydrodynamic load distribution namely under consideration of prevailing geometrical and kinematical parameters. Another aim of the tests was to get an idea of the fluid-dynamic interactions between neighbouring mesh bars which is implicitly expressed in the well known nomographic diagram by Koritzky (1973). And last but not least the third target was to analyse the impact of the grid on the fluid parameters in correlation with further investigations regarding the understanding of the phenomenon of selectivity of fishing gears. In context of these objectives the hydrodynamic loads as well as the current distributions close to and far from the grid surface were measured by a six-component balance, by hot-wire anemometers as well as by a 2d-PIV-system. The tests were focused on small angles of attack. To control the motion of fluid two end plates and a base plate were used. The consequences of a fluid blockage at the end of a grid were analysed. Results are presented and discussed.
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K, Jayakrishnan, Indu Susan Raj, and Dr Elson John. "Properties of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete in Different Curing Conditions: A Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 2773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.50704.
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Abstract: Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) has many benefits for structures, such as heat insulation, sound insulation, fire resistance, reduced dead weight, and many more. AAC products include blocks, wall panels, floor and roof panels, and lintels. Besides its insulating capability, one of AAC's advantage in construction is its quick and easy installation since the material can be routed, sanded, and cut to size on-site using standard carbon steel band saws, hand saws, and drills. Although AAC has been produced for many years, there are still some points that need to be clarified. One of these points is the effect of humidity intrusion on AAC members in areas with high relative humidity levels, like Mediterranean climates. Therefore, various tests associated with the mechanical and physical properties of AAC concrete should be carried out, particularly Compressive Strength test in order to assess the strength of AAC blocks. The current project intends to analyse the physical and mechanical properties of autoclaved aerated concrete blocks at three different curing conditions using an accelerated curing tank to compare the effects of curing on the properties of AAC
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Wojnowska-Heciak, Magdalena, Jakub Heciak, and Adam Kłak. "Concrete Paving Slabs for Comfort of Movement of Mobility-Impaired Pedestrians—A Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 8, 2022): 3183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063183.
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People with locomotion difficulties encounter many barriers in a pedestrian environment. Pavement quality has been shown to substantially affect pedestrian satisfaction in general, and its optimal design may contribute to reducing the stigma put on people with impairments. Our research involved a survey assessing perception and attitudes towards pavement quality and characteristics for pedestrian comfort. The classic correlation of the variables based on contingency tables was used to analyse data and to test whether respondents’ perceptions depended on certain profile features. The completion of the statistical inference was the use of advanced algorithms of the correspondence analysis method. The relationships between the variables were assessed optionally using the chi2 test. The study results revealed desirable parameters and features of paving surfaces. People who use manual wheelchairs and declare limb loss prefer medium- and large-format concrete pavers with smooth finishing and no bevelling. People with skeletal abnormalities or peripheral neuropathy prefer concrete slabs and surfaces made of small- or medium-sized panels arranged in a regular pattern, made of smooth non-slip concrete with narrow joints. Further laboratory tests are necessary to investigate whether increased water permeability of pavements constructed on eco-friendly base layers can curb damage to the pavement surface and provide long-term durability.
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Paganoni, Sara, and Dina D’Ayala. "Experimental and Computational Validation of Dissipative Prototype for the Seismic Protection of Heritage Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.831.
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Since earthquakes such as Northbridge (1994) and Kobe (1995) gave the impetuous for the development of performance-based design methods, engineers have been strenuously working to the improvement of the seismic behaviour of structures; in fact, high ductility frames, as well as damping and isolation systems, are nowadays common practice in seismic prone areas. Heritage buildings constitute an odd case: many historic centres are still considerably affected by seismic events (L’Aquila, 2009) due to the lack of a methodical retrofit and this, where applied, is still largely based on the increase of stiffness and capacity, without the due care for precious finishings. In order to address the lack of specific passive systems for heritage buildings, the authors have developed two typologies of dissipative devices that can be integrated in traditional steel anchors and installed within the masonry at the joints of perpendicular walls, where out-of-plane mechanisms are likely to form due to poor quality connections. Both prototypes, one based on the plasticity of steel, the other relying on friction, were tested as isolated elements in pseudo-static regime for proofing and fine tuning, and in a dynamic range typical of the seismic frequency content to validate the stability of dissipative loops. The paper focuses on pull-out tests aimed to analyse the behaviour of the hysteretic prototype in respect to traditional steel anchors in masonry panels with low shear capacity. Finite Element (FE) models were also developed and calibrated applying the data from tests. Experimental and computational results are discussed in the following; the need for further theoretical work concludes the paper.
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Marteles, Diana, Laura Odriozola, María Teresa Verde, Tomás Conde, and Antonio Fernández. "Assessment of serum allergen-specific IgE levels in horses with seasonal allergic dermatitis and recurrent airway obstruction in Spain." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 67, no. 1 (March 2019): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.2019.002.
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Allergic conditions are prevalent equine diseases that can be diagnosed by clinical examination alone, but definitive diagnosis is more likely with laboratory testing. The ELISA Allercept© test was used to analyse the serum samples of 73 horses with allergic diseases. Sixty-one horses (83.5%) had allergen-specific IgE levels ≥ 150 ELISA Units (EU), the cut-off defined by the assay. Fifty-four horses had allergic dermatitis (AD) with high IgE levels to Tyrophagus putrescentiae (51.9%), Rumex crispus (48.1%), Tabanus (46.3%) and Dermatophagoides farinae/ D. pteronyssinus (40.7%). Seven horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) had a high prevalence of T. putrescentiae (85.7%), followed by that of Acarus siro (57.1%) and D. farinae/D. pteronyssinus (57.1%). Horses affected with RAO had more positive reactions to mites (2.22 ± 0.84) than did horses with AD (1.51 ± 0.61, P < 0.05). A strong correlation of serum allergen-specific IgE level was found between Culex tarsalis and Stomoxys (r = 0.943) and between Dactylis glomerata and both Secale cereale (r = 0.79) and R. crispus (r = 0.696). These results indicate that among horses with allergic diseases in Spain, ELISA tests demonstrated a high prevalence of serum allergen-specific IgE in response to mites. Our study emphasises the importance of laboratory testing and updating allergy panels to improve the likelihood of a definitive diagnosis and the identification of allergens that should be included in allergic disease treatment.
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Chacón, Irene, Javier Roales, Tânia Lopes-Costa, and José M. Pedrosa. "Analyzing the Organoleptic Quality of Commercial Extra Virgin Olive Oils: IOC Recognized Panel Tests vs. Electronic Nose." Foods 11, no. 10 (May 19, 2022): 1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11101477.
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Virgin olive oil (VOO) classification into quality categories determines its labeling and market price. This procedure involves performing a series of chemical–physical analyses and, ultimately, a sensory analysis through the panel test. This work explores the analysis of VOOs quality with an electronic olfactory system (EOS) and examines its abilities using the panel test as a reference. To do this, six commercial olive oils labelled as extra virgin were analyzed with an EOS and classified by three panels recognized by the International Olive Council. The organoleptic analysis of the oils by the panels indicated that most of the oils in the study were in fact not extra virgin. Besides this, the classifications showed inconsistencies between panels, needing statistical treatment to be used as a reference for the EOS training. The analysis of the same oils by the EOS and their subsequent statistical analysis by PCA revealed a good correlation between the first principal component and the olive oil quality from the panels using average scores. It also showed a more consistent classification than the panels. Overall, the EOS proved to be a cheaper, faster, and highly reliable method as a complement to the panel test for the olive oil classification.
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Schembri, C. T., T. L. Burd, A. R. Kopf-Sill, L. R. Shea, and B. Braynin. "Centrifugation and capillarity integrated into a multiple analyte whole blood analyser." Journal of Automatic Chemistry 17, no. 3 (1995): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1463924695000174.
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A unique clinical chemistry analyser is described which processes 90 μl of whole blood (fingerstick or venous) into multiple aliquots of diluted plasma and reports the results of 12 tests in 14 min. To perform a panel of tests, the operator applies the unmetered sample directly into a single use, 8 cm diameter plastic rotor which contains the required liquid diluent and dry reagents. Using centrifugal and capillary forces, the rotor meters the required amount of blood, separates the red cells, meters the plasma, meters the diluent, mixes the fluids, distributes the fluid to the reaction cuvettes and mixes the reagents and the diluted plasma in the cuvettes. The instrument monitors the reagent reactions simultaneously using nine wavelengths, calculates the results from the absorbance data, and reports the results.
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Tan, Rui Zhen, Corey Markus, and Tze Ping Loh. "An approach to optimize delta checks in test panels – The effect of the number of rules included." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 57, no. 3 (February 13, 2020): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004563220904749.
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Objectives The interpretation of delta check rules in a panel of tests should be different to that at the single analyte level, as the number of hypothesis tests conducted (i.e. the number of delta check rules) is greater and needs to be taken into account. Methods De-identified paediatric laboratory results were extracted, and the first two serial results for each patient were used for analysis. Analytes were grouped into four common laboratory test panels consisting of renal, liver, bone and full blood count panels. The sensitivities and specificities of delta check limits as discrete panel tests were assessed by random permutation of the original data-set to simulate a wrong blood in tube situation. Results Generally, as the number of analytes included in a panel increases, the delta check rules deteriorate considerably due to the increased number of false positives, i.e. increased number hypothesis tests performed. To reduce high false-positive rates, patient results may be rejected from autovalidation only if the number of analytes failing the delta check limits exceeds a certain threshold of the total number of analytes in the panel (N). Our study found that the use of the ([Formula: see text] rule) for panel results had a specificity >90% and sensitivity ranging from 25% to 45% across the four common laboratory panels. However, this did not achieve performance close to some analytes when considered in isolation. Conclusions The simple [Formula: see text] rule reduces the false-positive rate and minimizes unnecessary, resource-intensive investigations for potentially erroneous results.
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Abdolpour, Hassan, Julio Garzón-Roca, Gonçalo Escusa, José M. Sena-Cruz, Joaquim AO Barros, and Isabel B. Valente. "Composite modular floor prototype for emergency housing applications: Experimental and analytical approach." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 13 (September 28, 2017): 1747–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317733318.
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The present paper explores a new modular floor prototype to be used in emergency houses. The prototype is composed of a frame structure made of glass-fibre-reinforced polymer tubular pultruded profiles, a slab made of sandwich panels with a polyurethane foam core and glass-fibre-reinforced polymer skins, and a tailored connection system that provides integrity between assembled components. A series of experimental tests are carried out including flexural tests on a single panel, on two and three connected panels, and on the assembled floor prototype. The behaviour of the panels is analysed when they are not considered part of the glass-fibre-reinforced polymer framed structure, namely the failure mechanisms and the efficiency of the proposed connection system between the panels. The performance of the floor prototype to support typical load conditions of residential houses is also assessed. Additionally, an analytical model was used to deeper study the behaviour of the developed sandwich panels, connection system and the modular floor prototype.
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Kopania, JM, W. Zakrzewicz, P. Kubiak, A. Mrowicki, M. Głogowski, J. Gralewski, G. Bogusławski, K. Wójciak, and P. Gaj. "Airborne sound transmission in fluted PVC panels-properties of materials and structures." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1247, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1247/1/012008.
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Abstract Authors present a study on transmission loss and absorption of corrugated PVC panels. Tests were conducted in reverberation room and it has been proven, both theoretically and experimentally, that there is a relationship between the panel type and its transmission loss and absorption. Panel size and thickness was also taken into consideration during testing procedure. Analyses also show that the Hansen model was not perfectly accurate when predicting the transmission loss for some of the tested samples.
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Sciarretta, Francesca, and Salvatore Russo. "Half-Scale Tests on Masonry Panels Strengthened with Pultruded FRP Frames." Key Engineering Materials 817 (August 2019): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.817.95.
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The research explores the capabilities of frames of pultruded FRP profiles as seismic strengthening for masonry walls. A programme is currently in progress at the IUAV University of Venice, consisting of in-plane shear tests on half-scale panels. The selected masonry type is traditional, i.e. clay bricks and lime mortar joints. The goal is to assess the effectiveness of the strengthening system with respect to the undamaged condition of masonry. A particular focus is on the connection system between the panel and the frame, i.e. epoxy adhesive connection and bolted joint. The results will be implemented in FEM analyses and analytical models to predict the system's and the joints' shear strength.
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Han, Ji Yoon, and In Goo Lee. "Genetic tests by next-generation sequencing in children with developmental delay and/or intellectual disability." Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics 63, no. 6 (June 15, 2020): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.00808.
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Developments in next-generation sequencing (NGS) techogies have assisted in clarifying the diagnosis and treatment of developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID) via molecular genetic testing. Advances in DNA sequencing technology have not only allowed the evolution of targeted panels but also, and more currently enabled genome-wide analyses to progress from research era to clinical practice. Broad acceptance of accuracy- guided targeted gene panel, whole-exome sequencing (WES), and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for DD/ID need prospective analyses of the increasing cost-effectiveness versus conventional genetic testing. Choosing the appropriate sequencing method requires individual planning. Data are required to guide best-practice recommendations for genomic testing, regarding various clinical phenotypes in an etiologic approach. Targeted panel testing may be recommended as a first-tier testing approach for children with DD/ID. Family-based trio testing by WES/WGS can be used as a second test for DD/ ID in undiagnosed children who previously tested negative on a targeted panel. The role of NGS in molecular diagnostics, treatment, prediction of prognosis will continue to increase further in the coming years. Given the rapid pace of changes in the past 10 years, all medical providers should be aware of the changes in the transformative genetics field.
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Adamus, J., J. Winowiecka, and M. Dyner. "Analysis of forming thin titanium panels with stiffeners." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0024.
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Abstract The growing demand for light and durable products has caused an increase in interest in products formed of thin sheets. In order to ensure sufficient stiffness of the drawn - parts, stiffening is often performed. Unfortunately, during the forming of stiffeners unwanted deformations of the drawn parts very often appear, which prevent them from further exploitation. In the paper, forming thin titanium panels with stiffeners is analysed. The panels are made of sheets of commercially pure titanium: Grades 2, 3 and 4. In the results of numerical analyses which were performed using PamStamp 2G, taking into consideration the impact of the blank holder force and friction conditions on the strain distribution in the drawn parts, sheet thinning and springback values are presented. The numerical analysis results were compared with the experimental tests. It was concluded that in order to prevent panel deformation being a result of residual stresses, it is necessary to ensure adequate friction conditions on the contact surfaces between the deformed material and tools as well as a suitable blank holder force.
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Ramamurthy, Chethan, Mark A. Hitrik, Lyudmila DeMora, Andrea Forman, Kim Rainey, Michelle Savage, Susan Montgomery, et al. "Are we still adjusting to multigene panel testing? An NCI-designated cancer center's 2-year experience." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 1585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.1585.
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1585 Background: Genetic testing for hereditary cancer predisposition has rapidly changed over the past few years with the introduction of multigene panel testing. Multigene testing has evolved from disease-agnostic comprehensive (C) panels alone to include disease-specific but expanded (DSE) panels as well as guideline-based (GB) panels. We analyzed trends in utilization of genetic testing over a two-year period in one NCI-designated Cancer Center, hypothesizing that over time genetic testing usage would trend toward more disease-specific panels. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of our program’s database for all germline genetic tests ordered from 9/1/2013 to 8/31/2015 (n = 619; 246 in year 1, and 373 in year 2). Tests were categorized into three groups based on specificity: GB (range: 2-12 genes tested), DSE (12-35 genes tested), and C (28-80 genes tested). The Chi-square test was used to analyze test types ordered in year 1 (9/1/2013-8/31/2014) and year 2 (9/1/2014 – 8/31/2015) and the proportions of resulting mutation types. Results: A total of 604 germline genetic tests met the inclusion criteria: 39 GB (20 year 1, 19 year 2), 171 DSE (43 year 1, 128 year 2), and 394 C (180 year 1, 214 year 2). Compared to year 1, a larger proportion of DSE tests (35% v. 18%, p < 0.001), and a smaller proportion of C tests (59% v. 74%, p < 0.001) and GB tests (5% vs. 8%, p = 0.146) were ordered. DSE panels revealed a pathogenic variant (PV) at a rate of 16% and a variant of unknown significance (VUS) at a rate of 24%. C tests revealed a PV and VUS at rates of 14% and 29%, respectively. GB tests revealed a PV and VUS at rates of 21% and 18%, respectively. No statistically significant differences in detection rates of mutation types (PV or VUS) were found between GB, DSE, or C tests. Conclusions: The rates of PV detection were not significantly different between test types, but the profile of tests ordered changed over time to favor DSE panels. Exploration of factors contributing to changing trends in genetic testing are warranted as counselors and clinicians adapt to the quickly expanding number of genes associated with hereditary cancer risks, many of them moderate-risk, and the evolving landscape of multigene panel testing.
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Menichini, Giovanni, Emanuele Del Monte, Maurizio Orlando, and Andrea Vignoli. "Out-of-plane capacity of cladding panel-to-structure connections in one-story R/C precast structures." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 18, no. 15 (October 7, 2020): 6849–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-00962-5.
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Abstract The interaction between cladding panels and the main structure is a crucial point to assess the seismic response, and above all the structural safety, of RC precast industrial building. In the past, connections were often designed to allow construction tolerances and to accommodate both thermal and wind-induced displacements. The lack of specific details to allow relative in-plane displacements between cladding panels and the main structure often led to the participation of cladding panels in the structure seismic-resistant system with consequent connection failures. In the last decades, a lot of experimental tests were performed to investigate the in-plane performance of panel connections, and some design recommendations have been developed accordingly. In the out-of-plane direction, the connections were often considered to be infinitely rigid and not to suffer any damage by the seismic load. This work deals with the out-of-plane response of panel-to-structure connections for vertical panels typical of industrial and commercial precast buildings. Both standard hammer-head strap and new devices, called SismoSafe, were investigated. Tests were performed in the Structures and Materials Testing Laboratory of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of Florence, where a specific setup was designed to perform cyclic and monotonic tests on the connection devices. Standard connections showed a rather limited resistance, while the innovative connections exhibited a high out-of-plane resistance. Numerical analyses were also performed on a case study building to evaluate the distribution of the out-of-plane demand on the connections.
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Wei, Qingsong, Bohong Gu, and Baozhong Sun. "Ballistic penetration damages and energy absorptions of stacked cross-plied composite fabrics and laminated panels." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 29, no. 9 (May 25, 2020): 1465–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789520927074.
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Flexible fabrics have been widely used in body armor designs. Here we report ballistic impact damage of stacked cross-plied composite fabric and cross-plied laminated panels. The ballistic impact behaviors of stacked cross-plied composite fabric and cross-plied laminated panel have been tested with fragment-simulating projectiles under the strike velocity 550–600 m/s to explore the influence of the layers combination of fabric target on ballistic impact. Two types of macroscopic anisotropy continua finite element models based on fabric targets structures are established to analyze the ballistic mechanism of stacked cross-plied composite fabric and cross-plied laminated panels. The impact damage morphologies and energy absorptions have also been compared between the tests and finite element analysis results. We have found the stacked fabric construction absorbed more energy than their counterpart cross-plied laminated panel, while the laminated panel shows better structural integrity and stability during ballistic penetration.
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Rosenberger, Randall S., and John B. Loomis. "Panel Stratification in Meta-Analysis of Economic Studies: An Investigation of Its Effects in the Recreation Valuation Literature." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 32, no. 3 (December 2000): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800020563.
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AbstractStatistical summarizations of literature review databases using meta-regression analysis provide insight into the differences in past estimates of economic variables such as benefits and price elasticities. The panel nature of the data is an issue that has not received adequate attention in past meta-analyses. This paper conceptually and empirically explores the complexity of stratifying data into panels that model the potential correlation and heterogeneity of past outdoor recreation benefit research. Although our tests of three stratifications of the data did not discern panel effects, the inherent complexity of the data maintains a strong presumption of heterogeneous strata.
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Ojoc, G. G., L. Chiper Titire, C. Pirvu, and C. Popescu. "A ballistic impact model for evaluating a preliminary higher level from simulation and tests on a glass fibber composite." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1262, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1262/1/012057.
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This paper presents a discussion on simulating the impact projectile – target, for a velocity of 375 m/s and a comparison to actual stratified panels. Model is run in Explicit Dynamics (Ansys), with material constitutive models as isotropic bilinear hardening, the failure criterion being the equivalent plastic strain at break. Dependence on elastic properties of temperature is not available in simulations that use explicitly dynamic systems. Only one value is used for a property. These temperature dependent values will be used by the solver. The first values defined as temperature-dependent data will be used in numerical solving. In the case of projectile impact-protection panel, the use of properties without temperature dependence is justified by recordings with thermal cameras, by the results of models presented in the literature and the characteristics of the materials used for the panels, some of which (such as aramid or glass fibber composites), having constant properties over a fairly large temperature range. From the documentary study, the modelling of a bullet impact calibre (9 mm or 7.62) in the impact domain targeted by the author is analysed under isothermal conditions. There is a thermal effect, but it is considered weak as compared to the failure mechanisms of the involved solids (breaking, deformation, delamination, friction). There were simulated and tested panels made of 8 and 16 layers, considered bonded with breakable condition in tensile stress. The actual panels are made of quadriaxial fabrics of glass fibbers, bonded by laying-up and pressing with an epoxydic resin. From the results obtained for these runs, the following conclusions could be drawn: (I) although the layer material model was simplified to a isotropic bilinear hardening model with data from the literature, the results were validated by the number of layers destroyed for the partially penetrating plates and by the size of the delamination on the back of the last layer and (II) based on the results for panels modelled and actually tested, cases with intermediate thicknesses could be rolled in order to optimize the surface density of the protective panel.
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Hecker, Julian, Anna Maaser, Dmitry Prokopenko, Heide Loehlein Fier, and Christoph Lange. "Reporting Correct p Values in VEGAS Analyses." Twin Research and Human Genetics 20, no. 3 (March 27, 2017): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2017.16.
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VEGAS (versatile gene-based association study) is a popular methodological framework to perform gene-based tests based on summary statistics from single-variant analyses. The approach incorporates linkage disequilibrium information from reference panels to account for the correlation of test statistics. The gene-based test can utilize three different types of tests. In 2015, the improved framework VEGAS2, using more detailed reference panels, was published. Both versions provide user-friendly web- and offline-based tools for the analysis. However, the implementation of the popular top-percentage test is erroneous in both versions. The p values provided by VEGAS2 are deflated/anti-conservative. Based on real data examples, we demonstrate that this can increase substantially the rate of false-positive findings and can lead to inconsistencies between different test options. We also provide code that allows the user of VEGAS to compute correct p values.
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Lippi, Nico, Elisa Senger, Saila Karhu, Bruno Mezzetti, Marta Cianciabella, Beatrice Denoyes, Duygu Ayvaz Sönmez, et al. "Development and Validation of a Multilingual Lexicon as a Key Tool for the Sensory Analyses and Consumer Tests of Blueberry and Raspberry Fruit." Agriculture 13, no. 2 (January 28, 2023): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020314.
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A comprehensive lexicon is a necessary communication tool between the panel leader and panelists to describe each sensory stimulus potentially evoked by a product. In the current scientific breeding and trading scenario, a multilingual sensory lexicon is necessary to ensure the consistency of sensory evaluations when tests are conducted across countries and/or with international panelists. This study aimed to develop a reference multilingual lexicon for raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) to perform comparative sensory tests through panels operating in different countries using their native language. Attributes were collected from state-of-the-art literature and integrated with a detailed description of the sensory stimulus associated with each term. A panel of sensory judges was trained to test lexicon efficacy. After training, panelists evaluated three cultivars of blueberry and raspberry through RATA (Rate All That Apply), which allowed missing attributes to be excluded while rating those actually present. Results showed the discerning efficacy of the lexicon developed can be a valuable tool for planning sensory evaluations held in different countries, opening up further possibilities to enrich blueberry and raspberry descriptor lists with emerging terms from local experience and evaluations of berry genotypes with peculiar traits.
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Liu, Hao, Jian He, Dongyuan Xie, Qichao Xue, and Quansheng Peng. "Study on the hygroscopicity of PET foam sandwich structure." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 4 (April 2021): 168781402110118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211011891.
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Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foam sandwich structure is widely used in the fields of construction, aerospace and shipbuilding. We have conducted research on its hygroscopic phenomenon. Take different sizes of GFRP panels, PET foam and PET foam sandwich structure for moisture absorption tests, analyze the data on the basis of the classic Fick’s law of diffusion to obtain the moisture absorption curves of each sample. And get the diffusion coefficient of the specimen. Then, we use the multi-physics software COMSOL to model and analyze the moisture absorption properties of the specified samples. The moisture absorption curve obtained by theoretical calculation was compared with the experimental moisture absorption curve, and the results showed that the two Good agreement. Tests have proved that the moisture absorption performance of PET foam is much greater than that of GFRP panel material, and the relative moisture absorption is related to the specific surface area of the sample. In the PET foam sandwich structure, the GFRP panel can effectively inhibit the hygroscopicity of the PET foam and has an excellent protective effect on the PET foam.
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Chuda-Kowalska, Monika. "Effect of Foam’s Heterogeneity on the Behaviour of Sandwich Panels." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 29, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2019-0047.
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Abstract This study aimed to develop a knowledge about material parameters identification of the foam core and numerical modelling of the sandwich panels to accurately predict the behaviour of this kind of structures. The polyisocyanurate foam (PIR) with low density used in sandwich panels dedicated to civil engineering is examined in the paper. A series of experiments (tensile, compression and bending tests) were carried out to identify its mechanical parameters. To determine the heterogeneity of analysed foam a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique, named Aramis, is applied in the paper. The results obtained from FE analyses are compared with the experimental results on full-size plates carried out by the author and proper conclusions are drawn.
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Citarella, Roberto G., G. Cricrì, and E. Armentani. "Multiple Crack Propagation with Dual Boundary Element Method in Stiffened and Reinforced Full Scale Aeronautic Panels." Key Engineering Materials 560 (July 2013): 129–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.560.129.
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In this work, the performance of a new methodology, based on the Dual Boundary Element Method (DBEM) and applied to reinforced cracked aeronautic panels, is assessed. Such procedure is mainly based on two-dimensional stress analyses, whereas the three-dimensional modelling, always implemented in conjunction with the sub-modelling approach, is limited to those situations in which the so-called secondary bending effects cannot be neglected. The connection between the different layers (patches and main panel) is realised by rivets: a peculiar original arrangement of the rivet configuration in the two-dimensional DBEM model allows to take into account the real in-plane panel stiffness and the transversal rivet stiffness, even with a two dimensional approach. Different in plane loading configurations are considered, depending on the presence of a biaxial or uniaxial remote load. The nonlinear hole/rivet contact, is simulated by gap elements when needed. The most stressed skin holes are highlighted, and the effect of through the thickness cracks, initiated from the aforementioned holes, is analysed in terms of stress redistribution, SIF evaluation and crack propagation. The two-dimensional approximation for such kind of problems is generally not detrimental to the accuracy level, due the low thickness of involved panels, and is particularly efficient for studying varying reinforcement configurations, where reduced run times and a lean pre-processing phase are prerequisites.The accuracy of the proposed approach is assessed by comparison with Finite Element Method (FEM) results and experimental tests available in literature.This approach aims at providing a general purpose prediction tool useful to improve the understanding of the fatigue resistance of aeronautic panels.KEYWORDSDBEM, full scale aeronautic panel, 2D/3D crack growth, MSD, doubler-skin assembly, damage tolerance
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Sá, Mário F., Augusto M. Gomes, João R. Correia, and Nuno Silvestre. "Flexural Behavior of Pultruded GFRP Deck Panels with Snap-Fit Connections." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 18, no. 02 (February 2018): 1850019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455418500190.
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This paper presents experimental, analytical and numerical investigations about the flexural behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) pultruded panels for footbridge decks. The analyzed panels, made of isophthalic polyester and E-glass fibers, comprise a multicellular thin-walled cross-section with panel-to-panel vertical snap-fit connections at their lateral edges. As part of a comprehensive study about the mechanical and structural behavior of this type of footbridge decks, the experimental study presented here addresses: (i) the mechanical characterization of the laminated material, and (ii) the quasi-static flexural behavior of the panels for both service and failure conditions. The experimental data obtained is used to validate and assess the accuracy of three-dimensional shell finite element (FE) models and analytical formulae. Particular focus is given to the serviceability and failure performance of the panels, in terms of their deformability and susceptibility to buckling phenomena, respectively. Regarding the serviceability behavior, the results obtained in this study demonstrate the importance of duly specifying the shear coefficient of the multicellular cross-section on Timoshenko beam theory, in order to obtain accurate deflection predictions. In terms of failure performance, both the flexural tests and the analytical formulae indicate that the local buckling of the compressive flanges seems to have triggered the collapse of the tested panels, thus limiting their load carrying capacity. The geometrically nonlinear FE analyses allowed understanding in further depth the ultimate behavior of the panels, providing further insights about their failure mechanisms.
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Luengo, Emilio, Francisco Arriaga, Ignacio Bobadilla, and Eva Hermoso. "Mechanical Efficiency and Quality Control Preliminary Analysis of Incompletely Bonded Wood-Based Sandwich Panels." Forests 14, no. 6 (May 23, 2023): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14061074.
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Wood-based sandwich panels are building products composed of two skins attached to a lightweight continuous core in which at least one skin is made of wood-based products, contributing to the use of renewable forest goods. Since the connection between the skins and the core is often provided by adhesive bonding, its characteristics affect the mechanical behavior of the sandwich and, therefore, must be thoroughly assessed. Full adhesion is often considered the standard situation, although some batches of the commercial product show incompletely glued surfaces, and scarce data is available with regard to their bonding performance. For this reason, analyses were performed using tensile tests with a load perpendicular to the skins and specific shear tests with a load parallel to the longitudinal direction of the panel. The test samples were obtained from wood-based sandwich panels with extruded polystyrene cores and different skin materials. The tensile tests proved to be suitable only for panels with adequate skin material cohesion, their functionality improving as a control method when the glued surface percentage assessment is used together with the tensile strength. The results of the shear tests provided non-linear models relating the effect of the glued surface to the mechanical properties, revealing that the mechanical efficiency of the incompletely bonded specimens is better than that which might be expected if the core only worked in proportion to the glued surface, due to the help of the adjoining non-glued core material.
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Girhammar, Ulf Arne, and Bo Källsner. "Tests and Analyses of Slotted-In Steel-Plate Connections in Composite Timber Shear Wall Panels." Advances in Civil Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7259014.
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The authors present an experimental and analytical study of slotted-in connections for joining walls in the Masonite flexible building (MFB) system. These connections are used for splicing wall elements and for tying down uplifting forces and resisting horizontal shear forces in stabilizing walls. The connection plates are inserted in a perimeter slot in the PlyBoard™ panel (a composite laminated wood panel) and fixed mechanically with screw fasteners. The load-bearing capacity of the slotted-in connection is determined experimentally and derived analytically for different failure modes. The test results show ductile postpeak load-slip characteristics, indicating that a plastic design method can be applied to calculate the horizontal load-bearing capacity of this type of shear walls.
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Kokotovic, Filip, Petar Kurecic, and Domagoj Cingula. "The Greenhouse Gas Emission in the EU: VAR Analysis of the Relevant Variables." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 2, no. 9 (2015): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.29.1004.
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This paper considers the relevance of a nexus of variables relevant to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, as well as accomplishing the goals of the Paris Agreement. It empirically considers the 28 European Union (EU) member states, dividing them into three panels based upon the time of their accession to full EU membership. The empirical analysis consists of unit root tests, a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) framework, Granger causality test, and diagnostic tests. Based on the empirical results, there are significant differences between the post-transitional and original EU member states. This difference is most notable in the fact that only in the panel of countries that have acceded to the EU after 2004 there is a statistically significant link between energy consumption and the greenhouse gas emission. We, therefore, conclude that while not all EU member states exhibit signs of environmental imbalances, there still are significant differences between the EU 15 and the states that have acceded to full membership after 2004.
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Chambers, James D., Cayla J. Saret, Jordan E. Anderson, Patricia A. Deverka, Michael P. Douglas, and Kathryn A. Phillips. "EXAMINING EVIDENCE IN U.S. PAYER COVERAGE POLICIES FOR MULTI-GENE PANELS AND SEQUENCING TESTS." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, no. 4 (2017): 534–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317000903.
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the evidence payers cited in their coverage policies for multi-gene panels and sequencing tests (panels), and to compare these findings with the evidence payers cited in their coverage policies for other types of medical interventions.Methods: We used the University of California at San Francisco TRANSPERS Payer Coverage Registry to identify coverage policies for panels issued by five of the largest US private payers. We reviewed each policy and categorized the evidence cited within as: clinical studies, systematic reviews, technology assessments, cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs), budget impact studies, and clinical guidelines. We compared the evidence cited in these coverage policies for panels with the evidence cited in policies for other intervention types (pharmaceuticals, medical devices, diagnostic tests and imaging, and surgical interventions) as reported in a previous study.Results: Fifty-five coverage policies for panels were included. On average, payers cited clinical guidelines in 84 percent of their coverage policies (range, 73–100 percent), clinical studies in 69 percent (50–87 percent), technology assessments 47 percent (33–86 percent), systematic reviews or meta-analyses 31 percent (7–71 percent), and CEAs 5 percent (0–7 percent). No payers cited budget impact studies in their policies. Payers less often cited clinical studies, systematic reviews, technology assessments, and CEAs in their coverage policies for panels than in their policies for other intervention types. Payers cited clinical guidelines in a comparable proportion of policies for panels and other technology types.Conclusions: Payers in our sample less often cited clinical studies and other evidence types in their coverage policies for panels than they did in their coverage policies for other types of medical interventions.
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Johnston, Joel P., J. Michael Pereira, Charles R. Ruggeri, and Gary D. Roberts. "High-speed infrared thermal imaging during ballistic impact of triaxially braided composites." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 25 (March 19, 2018): 3549–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318765290.
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Ballistic impact experiments were performed on triaxially braided polymer matrix composites to study the heat generated in the material due to projectile velocity and penetration damage. Triaxially braided (0/+60/−60) composite panels were manufactured with T700S standard modulus carbon fiber and two epoxy resins. The PR520 (toughened) and 3502 (untoughened) resin systems were used to make different panels to study the effects of resin properties on temperature rise. The ballistic impact tests were conducted using a single stage gas gun, and different projectile velocities were applied to study the effect on the temperature results. Temperature contours were obtained from the back surface of the panel during the test through a high speed, infrared thermal imaging system. The contours show that high temperatures were locally generated and more pronounced along the axial tows for the T700S/PR520 composite panels; whereas, tests performed on T700S/3502 composite panels, using similar impact velocities, demonstrated a widespread area of lower temperature rises. Nondestructive, ultrasonic C-scan analyses were performed to observe the failure patterns in the impacted composite panels and correlate the C-scan results with the temperature contours. Overall, the impact experimentation showed temperatures exceeding 252℃ (485°F) in both composites which is well above the respective glass transition temperatures for the polymer constituents. This expresses the need for further high strain rate testing with measurement of the temperature and deformation fields in order to fully understand the complex behavior and failure of the material and to improve the confidence in designing aerospace components with these materials.
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Sepe, Raffaele, Enrico Armentani, and Francesco Caputo. "Static and fatigue experimental tests on a full scale fuselage panel and FEM analyses." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 10, no. 35 (December 29, 2015): 534–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.35.59.
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Gwinn, Kenneth, Wei-Yang Lu, Bonnie Antoun, Kurt Metzinger, and John Korellis. "Analytical Impact Models and Experimental Test Validation for the Columbia Shuttle Wing Leading Edge Panels." Journal of the IEST 49, no. 1 (June 20, 2006): 26–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.49.1.g356h3382muhg535.
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This paper describes the analyses and the experimental mechanics program to support the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) investigation of the Shuttle Columbia accident. A synergism of the analysis and experimental effort is required to insure that the final analysis is valid - the experimental program provides both the material behavior and a basis for validation, while the analysis is required to insure the experimental effort provides behavior in the correct loading regime. Preliminary scoping calculations of foam impact onto the Shuttle Columbia's wing leading edge determined if enough energy was available to damage the leading edge panel. These analyses also determined the strain-rate regimes for various materials to provide the material test conditions. Experimental testing of the reinforced carbon-carbon wing panels then proceeded to provide the material behavior in a variety of configurations and strain-rates for flown or conditioned samples of the material. After determination of the important failure mechanisms of the material, validation experiments were designed to provide a basis of comparison for the analytical effort. Using this basis, the final analyses were used for test configuration, instrumentation location, and calibration definition in support of full-scale testing of the panels in June 2003. These tests subsequently confirmed the accident cause.
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Fallah, A. S., H. E. Johnson, and L. A. Louca. "Experimental and numerical investigation of buckling resistance of marine composite panels." Journal of Composite Materials 45, no. 8 (October 27, 2010): 907–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998310377942.
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The in-plane load-bearing capacity of marine composite plates is an area that has received little attention, in contrast to the significantly larger buckling and post-buckling studies available on aeronautical composites. The aim of this study is to investigate experimentally the strength to failure of large woven composite panels and correlate the results with finite element analyses. The tests performed were able to demonstrate the well-known sensitivity of the panels to boundary conditions and panel imperfection size, which is also reflected in a parametric study carried out in Abaqus/Standard. Two-dimensional stress-based failure criteria were implemented via a user-defined field (USDFLD) subroutine to detect matrix and fiber damage, which allows progressive damage to be modeled. A modification of Hashin’s failure criteria proved to be the most effective in capturing both the size and location of the damage and obtain a good approximation of the load—displacement history and surface strains.
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Kage, Hidenori, Shinji Kohsaka, Kenji Tatsuno, Aya Shinozaki-Ushiku, Hideaki Isago, Kousuke Watanabe, Motohiro Kato, et al. "Abstract 256: Detection of METexon 14 skipping and fusions in non-small cell lung cancer by comprehensive genomic profiling using a dual targeted DNA/RNA panel." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-256.
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Abstract Introduction: Comprehensive cancer genomic profiling tests have been implemented in the clinic to guide patients and physicians to decide optimal treatments. Most tests analyze genomic DNA to detect genomic alterations in a few hundred genes. RNA panels have advantages over DNA panels when detecting fusion and exon skipping events. Methods: Between April 2017 and March 2022, non-small cell lung cancer samples were analyzed by Todai OncoPanel (TOP), a dual targeted DNA/RNA panel with matched tumor/normal pair analysis. Informed consent was obtained from all patients. Publicly available genomic data from approved panels in Japan, all of which are DNA-only panels, was downloaded from the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT) database on 2022/11/3. Results: Sixty-one samples were analyzed. The median age of the patients was 62, and 35 were men. The histology of the samples included 52 adenocarcinoma and 9 squamous cell carcinoma. Of the 52 adenocarcinoma samples, pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations were detected in 46 (88%), and 40 samples (77%) harbored potentially druggable targets. With the DNA panel, 23 (44%) TP53 loss-of-function mutations, 17 (33%) EGFR activating mutations, 6 (12%) ERBB2 activating mutations, 5 (10%) KRAS activating mutations, 5 (10%) RB1 loss-of-function mutations, 3 (6%) BRAF activating mutations, and 3 (6%) MET exon 14 splice site mutation were detected. Meanwhile, with the RNA panel, three MET exon 14 skipping and 15 fusion genes in 16 patients (16/61 = 26%) were detected, all in adenocarcinoma. Specifically, EML4-ALK, KIF5B-RET, and CD47-MET were detected from one sample each, and 12 others were all novel fusions with unknown pathogenicity. Overall, 5 out of 61 (8.1%) non-small cell lung cancer samples harbored MET exon 14 skipping or fusion. Using the C-CAT database, 37 MET exon 14 splice site mutations and 2 rearrangements were found in 1,514 non-small cell lung cancer samples (2.6%) from the C-CAT database (p = 0.009). One BRCA1 and one BRCA2 pathogenic germline variants were detected from the TOP germline panel. Conclusion: Analysis of non-small cell lung cancer using TOP led to detection of a high percentage of druggable targets. TOP RNA panel may detect MET exon 14 skipping and fusions at higher sensitivity. Citation Format: Hidenori Kage, Shinji Kohsaka, Kenji Tatsuno, Aya Shinozaki-Ushiku, Hideaki Isago, Kousuke Watanabe, Motohiro Kato, Tetsuo Ushiku, Kiyoshi Miyagawa, Takahide Nagase, Jun Nakajima, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Hiroyuki Mano, Katsutoshi Oda. Detection of METexon 14 skipping and fusions in non-small cell lung cancer by comprehensive genomic profiling using a dual targeted DNA/RNA panel [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 256.
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Kireev, D. E., G. A. Shipulin, A. V. Semenov, E. V. Tivanova, V. P. Chulanov, N. M. Kolyasnikova, E. B. Zueva, C. Galli, and V. V. Pokrovsky. "COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE 4TH GENERATION ELISA/CLIA ASSAYS USED FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF HIV INFECTION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders 11, no. 2 (July 2, 2019): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2019-11-2-103-113.
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The aim of the work was to compare the five most widely used ELISA diagnostic kits on the territory of the Russian Federation, which are used for screening for HIV infection.Materials and methods. 5442 samples from visitors of diagnostic centers who came for blood donation for non-infectious analyses, cohorts with a high risk of HIV infection, as well as patients with potentially interfering conditions were used as a material for the study. Additionally, seroconversion panels and a panel of viral diversity were used to evaluate the analytical characteristics. The following test systems were compared: Architect HIV Ag/Ab Combo (Abbott), Genscreen Ultra HIV Ag-Ab (Bio-Rad), CombiBest HIV-1,2 AG/AT (Vector-Best), DS-ELISA-HIVAGAT-SCREEN (Diagnostic Systems), HIV-1,2-AG/AT (Medical-Biological Union).Conclusion. The diagnostic sensitivity of all tests was 100% with the exception of one (Medical-Biological Union), in which it turned out to be 99,54%. Diagnostic specificity ranged from 99,58% to 99,89%, but unexpectedly strongly depended on the test population, decreasing on a group with a high risk of HIV infection to 93,26% (Vector-Best). The convergence between initial and repeat reactive samples ranged from 100% (Abbott) to 89,51% (Vector-Best). The results of the analysis of seroconversion panels showed that the tests differed slightly from each other, receiving positive results from 22,12% (Diagnostic Systems) to 27,88% (Abbott) samples. When testing the panel of viral diversity, diagnostic tests from foreign manufacturers showed better results, revealing 100% (Abbott) and 85,9% (Bio-Rad). The smallest number of panel samples was detected by the kit of the Medical-Biological Union (52,1%). This work is the only study where the 4th generation ELISA kits, widely used in the Russian Federation for screening for HIV infection, were compared in an extensive sampling. The results obtained make it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of the listed kits in routine diagnostic practice.
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Wardach, Maciej, Janusz R. Krentowski, and Piotr Knyziak. "Degradation Analyses of Systemic Large-Panel Buildings Using Comparative Testing during Demolition." Materials 15, no. 11 (May 25, 2022): 3770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15113770.
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Assessment of the technical condition of large-panel buildings, due to their on-going use and covering resulting from thermomodernization works, is problematic. Results from non-destructive tests (NDT) are subjected to high uncertainty. Destructive tests, which give results with the highest level of confidence, are practically not used. Local sampling for testing gives only a partial image of the condition of a prefabricated building. In this type of construction, joints connecting the precast elements are the most vulnerable to degradation. Access to them is technically difficult. Demolition of this type of building is extremely rare. However, it is a unique opportunity to perform a full spectrum of both NDT and destructive testing. This gives an opportunity for large-scale demolition sampling to identify hidden defects and compare the results obtained by different methods. The comparison of results allows for the scaling of NDT methods and reveals the presence of typical relationships. The paper presents visual, non-destructive, and destructive tests’ results of an over 40-year-old large-panel building scheduled for demolition. The design of this building is repetitive and similar to solutions found in thousands of other buildings. The usefulness of particular research methods for evaluating the technical condition of prefabricated buildings has been determined.
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Shahi, Rojit, Nelson Lam, Emad Gad, John Wilson, and Ken Watson. "Seismic Performance Behavior of Cold-Formed Steel Wall Panels by Quasi-static Tests and Incremental Dynamic Analyses." Journal of Earthquake Engineering 21, no. 3 (May 12, 2016): 411–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2016.1160007.
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Boni, L., A. Lanciotti, and L. Lazzeri. "Experimental Tests and Numerical Analyses of Fiber Metal Laminate Panels under Shear Load with Bonded Window Frame." Journal of Composite Materials 43, no. 16 (June 11, 2009): 1729–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998309339351.
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Fan, Xue Mei, Jian Feng Wang, Cheng Jin Duan, Xiang Xin Xia, and Zhao Hui Wang. "Study on Automobile Body Performance of Honeycomb Sandwich Composite Material." Advanced Materials Research 567 (September 2012): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.567.146.
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In order to analyze the mechanical properties of Carbon/epoxy facings-Aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure, we simulated panels of different layers and core thickness using ABAQUS finite element analysis program. And three-point bending tests and shear tests were made on the same panels using electronic universal testing machine. In addition, we also made the same three-point bending tests on steel tubes to get a comparison with honeycomb sandwich panels. It could be seen that, the simulated results were basically identified with experimental results. The results indicated that core thickness played an important role in the panels’ bulking modulus, and number of carbon fiber layers decided the shear strength. As a whole, honeycomb sandwich structure was suitable for use in the car body with good mechanical properties under premise of lighter.
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Adeeb, S. M., B. W. J. Scholefield, T. G. Brown, N. G. Shrive, J. Kroman, V. H. Perry, and G. Tadros. "Modelling, testing, and construction of the first Ductal® canopy in the world." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 32, no. 6 (December 1, 2005): 1152–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l05-065.
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Two series of nine architectural shell structures — constructed of a 20 mm thick layer of a new ultra-high performance cement (UPHC) composite with organic fibres (Ductal®) — were proposed to form the roofs of a new station for the light rail transit system in Calgary. Each section of the roofs consists of three panels each 6 m × 4.5 m connected to provide an 18 m continuous system. The City of Calgary required testing of a full-scale prototype panel for both static and dynamic responses. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to determine the boundary conditions to be imposed on one edge of the prototype panel during the tests to simulate the presence of the other two in the actual structure. The FEA was also used to determine the critical (independent) snow and wind loading cases. The analyses and the testing procedures for the full-scale instrumented panel are described. The panel withstood both full factored loads without damage. The methods for manufacturing and assembling the canopy and roofs are also described.Key words: UHPC, shell structure, finite element analysis, static test, dynamic test.
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Augustin, Petr. "Simulation of Fatigue Crack Growth in Integrally Stiffened Panels Under the Constant Amplitude and Spectrum Loadin." Fatigue of Aircraft Structures 2009, no. 1 (July 26, 2009): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10164-010-0001-2.
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Simulation of Fatigue Crack Growth in Integrally Stiffened Panels Under the Constant Amplitude and Spectrum LoadinThe paper describes methodology of numerical simulation of fatigue crack growth and its application on integrally stiffened panels made of 2024-T351 aluminium alloy using high speed cutting technique. Presented approach for crack growth simulation starts by the calculation of stress intensity factor function from finite element results obtained using MSC. Patran/Nastran. Subsequent crack growth analysis is done in NASGRO and uses description of crack growth rates either by the Forman-Newman-de Koning relationship or by the table lookup form. Three crack growth models were applied for spectrum loading: non-interaction, Willenborg and Strip Yield model. Relatively large experimental program comprising both the constant amplitude and spectrum tests on integral panels and CCT specimens was undertaken at the Institute of Aerospace Engineering laboratory in order to acquire crack growth rate data and enable verification of simulations. First analyses and verification tests of panels were performed under the constant amplitude loading. For predictions of crack growth using the spectrum loading a load sequence representing service loading of the transport airplane wing was prepared. Applied load spectrum was measured on B737 airplane within the joint FAA/NASA collection program. The load sequence is composed of 10 flight types with different severity analogous to the standardized load sequence TWIST. Before application on the stiffened panels a calculation of crack growth under the spectrum loading was performed for simple CCT specimen geometry. The paper finally presents comparison of simulations of fatigue crack propagation in two-stringer stiffened panel under the spectrum loading with verification test carried out in the IAE lab. The work was performed within the scope of the 6th Framework Programme project DaToN - Innovative Fatigue and Damage Tolerance Methods for the Application of New Structural Concepts.
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Bajor, Teresa, Anna Kawałek, Szymon Berski, Henryk Jurczak, and Jacek Borowski. "Analysis of the Extrusion Process of Aluminium Alloy Profiles." Materials 15, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 8311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238311.
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The paper presents an analysis of the results of numerical tests of the extrusion process of structural panels made of the 5xxx and 6xxx series aluminium alloys in a designed split die. The obtained products are intended for innovative superstructures of special car bodies. The main purpose of the research was the designed split die and numerical simulations and analysis of test results to determine the parameters of the extrusion process. The distribution of stress intensity, strain, strain rate, and temperature in the extruded metal was analysed for two different speeds of the punch movement. On the basis of the analysis of the distribution of stress values occurring in the extrusion process, the conditions enabling the real process of extrusion of the panel profile in industrial conditions in the designed split die were determined. It was shown that panel sections can be produced from ingots with a length of 770 mm on a press with a pressure of 35 MN (12”).
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BRUYNEEL, M., B. COLSON, J. P. DELSEMME, P. JETTEUR, A. REMOUCHAMPS, and S. GRIHON. "EXPLOITING SEMI-ANALYTICAL SENSITIVITIES FROM LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSES FOR COMPOSITE PANEL OPTIMIZATION." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 10, no. 04 (October 2010): 885–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455410003798.
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This paper presents a solution procedure developed in the SAMCEF finite element code for the advanced optimal design of stiffened composite panels of an aircraft fuselage. The BOSS quattro, a task manager and optimization toolbox, is used for defining and running the optimization problem. The objective function to be minimized is the weight, and the restrictions depend on structural stability requirements, such as buckling and collapse. The design variables are the panel and stringer thicknesses of the conventional proportions (i.e. 0∘, 90∘ and ±45∘) in a homogenized laminate. Since a collapse analysis introduces geometric nonlinearities into the design process, the function evaluation can take a long time. In order to obtain a rapid optimal solution, a gradient-based method is used, and the first order derivatives need to be computed, in this case with an original semianalytical approach. The sensitivity analysis of buckling and collapse is reviewed. Numerical tests on an industrial case study demonstrate the possibility and the reliability of the approach. Solving such problems is clearly difficult and remains a challenge. Through the applications, this paper provides the opportunity to discuss convergence issues and the use of such advanced optimization techniques in the overall aircraft design process.
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Metodiev, Konstantin. "Steady flow analysis of a slender wing by lifting surface method." Aerospace Research in Bulgaria 32 (2020): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/arb.v32.e08.
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In the paper hereby, steady flow around a thin-walled wing is analysed by means of the Lifting Surface Method. In order to carry out tests, the wing has been divided into a finite number of quadrilateral panels. All panel edges in turn are replaced by discrete straight vortex segments which induce velocities within the flow field. The problem boils down to working out velocity circulation distribution on the wing surface. For this purpose, numerical realization has been developed in C by Minimalist GNU for Windows compiler and Code::Blocks IDE. To work out a solution to the linear non-homogeneous algebraic system, the Gauss – Seidel stationary iterative method has been applied. The obtained results for various angle of attack values are depicted by means of ParaView.
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Tusnina, Olga. "A Finite Element Analysis of Cold-Formed Z-Purlins Supported by Sandwich Panels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 467 (December 2013): 398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.467.398.
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Nowadays buildings based on lightweight steel skeletons are widespread in civil and industrial engineering. The trapezoidal sheet or roof sandwich panels fastened to thin-walled cold-formed purlins can be used as the building envelopes. In this paper the questions of numerical analysis of thin-walled Z-purlins in the coverings made of sandwich panels are studied. Numerical analyses are performed in the program MSC.NASTRAN. A full scale model of the roof with purlins and sandwich panels is considered. Numerical analyses are based on the laboratory experiments. Results of described analyses are compared with the results of tests. These researches are done to investigate a behavior of the roof system consisted of Z-purlins and sandwich panels and to develop a correct finite element model for the design of cold-formed purlins supported by sandwich panels.
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Abbadi, Ahmed, Z. Azari, Salim Belouettar, J. Gilgert, and G. Pluvinage. "Static and Fatigue Characterization of Sandwich Panels." Materials Science Forum 518 (July 2006): 555–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.518.555.
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Problems for load carrying elements reside mainly in buckling, embrittlement and corrosion. These problems can be mainly solved by introduction of composite materials of a sandwich type. These materials ally lightness, rigidity and resistance to the corrosion. For the design of a large number of applications, static and cyclic properties are necessary. In this paper, first static and fatigue tests on four points bending of four types sandwich panels have been performed. Load/displacement and S-N fatigue curves are presented and analysed. Fatigue failure and damage modes are observed with an electronic microscope and are discussed. Numerical simulation applied to the static tests is compared to the experimental results. The second is to address such fatigue behaviour by using a damage model and check it by experimentation. This fatigue damage model is based on stiffness degradation, which is used as a damage indicator. Four non-linear cumulative damage models derived from the chosen stiffness degradation equation are examined with assumption of linear Miner’s damage summation. Predicted results are compared with available experimental data.