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1
Menichini, Giovanni, Emanuele Del Monte, Maurizio Orlando, and Andrea Vignoli. "Out-of-plane capacity of cladding panel-to-structure connections in one-story R/C precast structures." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 18, no. 15 (October 7, 2020): 6849–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-00962-5.
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Abstract The interaction between cladding panels and the main structure is a crucial point to assess the seismic response, and above all the structural safety, of RC precast industrial building. In the past, connections were often designed to allow construction tolerances and to accommodate both thermal and wind-induced displacements. The lack of specific details to allow relative in-plane displacements between cladding panels and the main structure often led to the participation of cladding panels in the structure seismic-resistant system with consequent connection failures. In the last decades, a lot of experimental tests were performed to investigate the in-plane performance of panel connections, and some design recommendations have been developed accordingly. In the out-of-plane direction, the connections were often considered to be infinitely rigid and not to suffer any damage by the seismic load. This work deals with the out-of-plane response of panel-to-structure connections for vertical panels typical of industrial and commercial precast buildings. Both standard hammer-head strap and new devices, called SismoSafe, were investigated. Tests were performed in the Structures and Materials Testing Laboratory of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of Florence, where a specific setup was designed to perform cyclic and monotonic tests on the connection devices. Standard connections showed a rather limited resistance, while the innovative connections exhibited a high out-of-plane resistance. Numerical analyses were also performed on a case study building to evaluate the distribution of the out-of-plane demand on the connections.
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Dal Lago, Bruno, Francesco Foti, and Luca Martinelli. "Seismic actions induced by cladding panels on precast concrete frame structures." International Journal of Business & Technology 6, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ijbte.2018.6.3.15.
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The strong earthquakes occurred in Southern Europe in the last decade pointed out a poor seismic performance of the connection system of the cladding of precast industrial structures. The cladding of these buildings usually consists of sandwich concrete panels of remarkable mass, connected to the frame structure with mechanical devices. The estimation of the out-of-plane seismic action on these connections is a key step for their correct proportioning. However, the formulation currently provided in the Eurocode 8 for the estimation of the seismic action on non-structural elements was calibrated with different objectives. Furthermore, given there is no in-plane structure-panel interaction, a quote of the panel mass is lumped in correspondence of their connection for a correct proportioning of the frame structure. The designers need to make assumptions on both aspects that often bring to remarkably different solutions. The paper presents a consistent dynamic formulation of the problem of the vibration of rigid bodies connected with cantilever columns. The solution brings to closed-form equations to evaluate the exact out-of-plane action on the connections and the correct amount of panel mass to be lumped.
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Guo, Wei, Zhipeng Zhai, Zhiwu Yu, Feng Chen, Yongzhi Gong, and Tao Tan. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of the Bolt Connections in a Low-Rise Precast Wall Panel Structure System." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (May 30, 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7594132.
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This paper develops a novel dry connection utilizing high-strength bolts and introduces the corresponding low-rise precast wall panel structure system. To investigate the seismic performance of the structure system with full bolt connections, monotonic loading tests of the connection joint and cyclic lateral loading tests of three full-scaled precast shear walls are both conducted. Based on the test data, axial and shear mechanical models of the connection are given. Meanwhile, experimental results show that the failure mode of the connection is dominated by anchored rebar ductile rupture, and the precast structure system presents a stable energy dissipation capacity and a good seismic ductility. The numerical model of the precast shear wall is then developed and validated by the cyclic loading test. Also a simplified calculation method to predict the lateral strength of the precast shear wall is proposed. According to the calculation results, the distance between the center of the connection and the edge of the shear wall is suggested to be 150 mm, while the wall thickness is recommended to be 120 mm or 150 mm. Finally, a three-story precast wall panel structure is employed to assess the collapse performance of the proposed precast structure system by using the presented numerical model. The results indicate that the proposed structure system with full bolt connections has high stiffness and high seismic resistance against collapse.
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Liu, Ruo Nan, Kai Yin Zhang, and Meng Lan Tao. "Test Study on Mechanical Performance of the Flexible Connections of the Precast Concrete Wall Panel." Advanced Materials Research 900 (February 2014): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.900.487.
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To explore the performance of the flexible nodes between the precast concrete wall panel and the frame structure, a steel truss is used as an analogue of the frame structure to develop a test. In the test, one precast concrete wall panel was installed on the steel truss, and the connection nodes are designed to be able to slip vertically. Different horizontal forces were exerted on the steel truss to form certain drifts, and the deformation of panel and the slipping performance of the connection nodes were explored. It is found that precast concrete wall panel wont deform under the influence of the drifts, while the connection nodes between the frame structure and the panel were found to slip. The results show that the design of slipping connection node has enough reliability.
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Sielaff, Brian J., Richard J. Nielsen, and Edwin R. Schmeckpeper. "Evolution of Design Code Requirements for Exterior Elements and Connections." Earthquake Spectra 21, no. 1 (February 2005): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1856537.
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Seismic design requirements for precast concrete cladding panel connections have evolved significantly over the past fifty years. This paper summarizes the pertinent requirements from the Uniform Building Code from 1967 to 1997, and the International Building Code 2000. A hypothetical design illustrates how emphasis in the code has evolved for both lateral force requirements and story drift displacement requirements arriving at a balance of moderate lateral force and displacement requirements. The numerical results are based on a hypothetical case of panel connections for a ten-story moment-resisting steel frame structure built in seismic Zone 4. This historical summary is of value to designers who deal with the seismic rehabilitation of precast panel connections.
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Guo, Wei, Zhipeng Zhai, Yao Cui, Zhiwu Yu, and Xiaoli Wu. "Seismic performance assessment of low-rise precast wall panel structure with bolt connections." Engineering Structures 181 (February 2019): 562–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.12.060.
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Chong, Xun, Pu Huo, Linlin Xie, Qing Jiang, Linbing Hou, and Jinchen Xie. "Experimental investigation of seismic performance of a novel isostatic frame-cladding system." Advances in Structural Engineering 25, no. 5 (January 10, 2022): 1015–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211057264.
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A new connection measure between the precast concrete (PC) cladding panel and PC frame structure is proposed to realize a new kind of isostatic frame-cladding system. Three full-scale PC wall-frame substructures were tested under the quasi-static load. These substructures included a bare wall-frame specimen, a specimen with a cladding panel that has no opening, and a specimen with a cladding panel that has an opening in it. The damage evolution, failure mode, load-bearing capacity, deformation capacity, and energy dissipation capacity of three specimens were compared. The results indicated that the motions of the cladding panels and the main structures were uncoupled through the relative clearance of the bottom connections, and three specimens exhibited approximately identical failure modes and seismic performance. Thus, the reliability of this new isostatic system was validated.
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Lestari, Marsya Chikita, and Cynthia Afriani Utama. "Board Structure Problem in Aviation Companies: The Relationship of Political Connection and Multiple Directorship on Firm Performance." Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan 25, no. 3 (August 2, 2021): 617–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v25i3.5892.
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This study analyzes the relationship between the political connection and multiple directorships of aviation companies’ board members and their firm performance. This research will focus on companies in the aviation sector on a broader subsector than previous studies. It will help the shareholder of the aviation companies determine board structure policies and evaluate the implementations conducted so far. This research uses descriptive statistics and regression analysis for the panel data model. Moreover, this study uses a purposive sampling technique secondary data from the aviation company’s annual reports in the Asia continent for the 2016-2020 period. The results show that the multiple directorships negatively affect firm performance in aviation companies while the board’s political connections positively affect firm performance, measured by its Return on Equity (ROE). In contrast, the multiple directorships and political connections do not impact aviation companies' firm performance measured by their Return on Assets (ROA). Overall, this study in the Asia continent asserts the previous study where the political connection positively affects the airline’s firm performance in the US. The result can support the corporate governance practice of deciding board structure in the aviation sectors in Asia in terms of political connection and multiple directorships.DOI: 10.26905/jkdp.v25i3.5892
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Isaincu, Alexandru, Mario D’ Aniello, and Aurel Stratan. "Implications of Structural Model on the Design of Steel Moment Resisting Frames." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 12, no. 1 (May 23, 2018): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801812010124.
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Background: Studies have shown that the flexibility of the connections has an important role in the distribution of forces and moments in the structure. This also applies for the displacements, deformations and the stability of the structure. Objective: The objective of the present study is to investigate the influence of the stiffness of column web-panel and connection on the ultimate response of Moment Resisting Frames (MRFs). Methods: A comprehensive parametric study was carried out. In particular, a set of one hundred and twenty planar frames was analyzed, considering three approaches for modelling the joints. Results: The results highlight that neglecting the influence of the connection and column web panel leads to significant over-estimation of the global instability factor αcr, which can lead to unconservative design and assessment of steel frames, especially for those cases subjected to severe horizontal forces as the seismic actions. Conclusion: Accounting for the joint deformability in MRFs is important even for the cases with connection stiffness (kb) larger than 25 times the beam stiffness where EN1993-1-8 allows neglecting the model of the connection stiffness. Indeed, the comparison of cases with kb ≥ 25 between the models with and without the connection deformability show that of αcr can decrease from 5% to 16%, depending on the refinement of the modelling assumptions. This decrease also lead to higher second order effects and thus to higher design forces but also the overall stiffness of the frame is overestimated.
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Magliulo, Gennaro, Marianna Ercolino, Crescenzo Petrone, Orsola Coppola, and Gaetano Manfredi. "The Emilia Earthquake: Seismic Performance of Precast Reinforced Concrete Buildings." Earthquake Spectra 30, no. 2 (May 2014): 891–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/091012eqs285m.
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On 20 and 29 May 2012, two earthquakes of MW5.9 and MW5.8 occurred in the Emilia region of northern Italy, one of the most developed industrial centers in the country. A complete photographic report collected in the epicentral zone shows the seismic vulnerability of precast structures, the damage to which is mainly caused by connection systems. Indeed, the main recorded damage is either the loss of support of structural horizontal elements, due to the failure of friction beam-to-column and roof-to-beam connections, or the collapse of the cladding panels, due to the failure of the panel-to-structure connections. The damage can be explained by the intensity of the recorded seismic event and by the exclusion of the epicentral region from the seismic areas recognized by the Italian building code up to 2003. Simple considerations related to the recorded acceleration spectra allow motivating the extensive damage due to the loss of support.
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Mejdi, Abderrazak, Luca Alimonti, and Bryce Gardner. "On homogenized ribbed-panel model for SEA analysis." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 5292–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0771.
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This paper presents an investigation into a recent model of homogenized rib-stiffened panels. An equivalent panel model is developed from the skin and the stiffeners of the panel. In this case a space-harmonic-based approach is used, and first-order shear deformation theory is employed to account for the wavefield's in-plane/out-of-plane coupling effect in the skin. The panel's stiffeners interact with the skin through internal forces and moments at the connections. A periodic FE mesh is then used to compute the wave dynamics and the results are used to develop the required terms to solve for vibro-acoustic results in Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA). This process is used to predict the vibro-acoustic response of an aircraft structure. The SEA results are compared with detailed FE models of the rib-stiffened aircraft structure.
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Uddin, Mohammad Nazim, Mohammed Shamim Uddin Khan, and Mosharrof Hosen. "Does Corporate Governance Influence Leverage Structure in Bangladesh?" International Journal of Financial Studies 7, no. 3 (September 13, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs7030050.
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This paper examines the regulation of corporate governance on leverage structure decision-making in Bangladesh from 2003 to 2017. Appropriate panel methods are employed to control the problems of serial correlation, heteroskedasticity, and the cross-sectional nature of manufacturing companies. The study finds that corporate governance attributes such as board size, managerial ownership, and duality are the dominant factors for leverage decision-making. The results also indicate that control variables such as firm size and profitability have an influential role on leverage decision-making in Bangladesh. Our findings substantiate the idea that political and family connections to corporate governance structure greatly influence the leverage decision-making of corporate firms in Bangladesh.
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Gorev, V. A., E. Yu Chelekova, and N. V. Leshchev. "Initial Stage of the Explosion with a Blast Relief Panel Structure Located in the Roof of the Building." Occupational Safety in Industry 12, no. 12 (December 2022): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2022-12-29-35.
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The initial phase of a gas deflagration explosion is considered, taking into account the action of blast relief panel structures in the roof of the building, which provide overpressure relief to protect the building structures from the explosion and maintain their integrity. This, in turn, ensures the protection of people in the building from the collapse of the building itself. The structure is a lightweight panel. It closes the opening in the roof and is buried in it to its thickness. The panel comes into motion under pressure. The movement begins after the pressure force overcomes the resistance, which is composed of the weight of the structure and the bond force of the structure with the roof frame. After the blast relief structure is shifted to the depth of sealing, the space for depressurizing is opened. The dynamics of the panel movement and pressure change are studied before the start of pressure relief through the opening space along the perimeter of the opening. By the time the panel exits the opening, the explosion pressure may reach values incompatible with the stability of the bearing structures. The paper presents dimensionless complexes that determine the explosion process at this stage. The maximum pressure at this stage of the explosion is determined by the mass per unit area of the blast relief panel, the bursting pressure of the connections of the blast relief panel with the frame, and the ratio of the opening time of the opening to the time of the start of movement of the blast relief panel. The relation of these times depends on the dimensionless complexes defined in the work. An unacceptable increase in pressure at the considered stage of the explosion can occur at any opening area. In general, the process is determined by the properties of the panel, the volume of the room, the speed of combustion and the nature of the panel attachment.
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Ilyas, Muhammad, Awais Ahmad, Abdullah Riaz, Fayaz Ahmad Khan, Sadaf Sher, Muhammad Waseem, Syeda Zunaira Ali, et al. "Review of Modeling Techniques for Analysis and Assessment of RC Beam–Column Joints Subjected to Seismic Loads." Materials 15, no. 21 (October 24, 2022): 7448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217448.
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Beam–column connections are the most critical components of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. They serve as a load transfer path and take a significant portion of the overall shear. Joints in RC structures constructed with no seismic provisions have an insufficient capacity and ductility under lateral loading and can cause the progressive failure of the entire structure. The joint may fail in the shear prior to the connecting beam and column elements. Therefore, several modeling techniques have been devised in the past to capture the non-linear response of such joints. Modeling techniques used to capture the non-linear response of reinforced-concrete-beam–column joints range from simplified lumped plasticity models to detailed fiber-based finite element (FE) models. The macro-modeling technique for joint modeling is highly efficient in terms of the computational effort, analysis time, and computer memory requirements, and is one of the most widely used modeling techniques. The non-linear shear response of the joint panel and interface bond–slip mechanism are concentrated in zero-length linear and rotational springs while the connecting elements are modeled through elastic elements. The shear response of joint panels has also been captured through rigid panel boundary elements with rotational springs. The computational efficiency of these models is significantly high compared to continuum models, as each joint act as a separate supe-element. This paper aims to provide an up-to-date review of macro-modeling techniques for the analysis and assessment of RC-beam–column connections subjected to lateral loads. A thorough understanding of existing models is necessary for developing new mechanically adequate and computationally efficient joint models for the analysis and assessment of deficient RC connections. This paper will provide a basis for further research on the topic and will assist in the modification and optimization of existing models. As each model is critically evaluated, and their respective capabilities and limitations are explored, it should help researchers to improve and build on modeling techniques both in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency.
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He, Jia-Xuan, Zhao-Dong Xu, Lian-Yu Zhang, Zhi-Hua Lin, Zhong-Wei Hu, Qiang-Qiang Li, and Yao-Rong Dong. "Shaking table tests and seismic assessment of a full-scale precast concrete sandwich wall panel structure with bolt connections." Engineering Structures 278 (March 2023): 115543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115543.
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Nikolaev, V. N., V. F. Stepanova, and A. V. Mikhailova. "Innovative Energy-Saving Sandwich-Panels for Industrial Construction." Stroitel'nye Materialy 787, no. 12 (2020): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31659/0585-430x-2020-787-12-47-51.
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Today, large-panel housing construction occupies a leading position, both in terms of construction speed and sales, which contributes to an increase in the volume of precast concrete housing construction. Outdated series of large-panel houses do not meet modern requirements. Old faceless panel houses are gradually replaced by beautiful housing complexes with different types of facades. At present, in the technology of construction of panel houses from sandwich-panels, the relevant trend is to reduce the standard thickness of the facade layer of a three-layer sandwich-panel (GOST 31310–2015 “ Three-Layer Reinforced Concrete Wall Panels with Effective Insulation. General Technical Conditions”) from 70 mm to 40 mm or less. Panel houses require a reduction in metal consumption, material consumption and improvement of thermal characteristics. This requires the development and implementation of new materials. The use of such construction products made of composite materials as diagonal flexible composite connections, flexible mounting loops and composite reinforcement mesh will make it possible to reduce the thickness of the protective layer of concrete without compromising the stability of the structure under the influence of the external environment due to the high corrosion resistance of the composite, reduce the weight of the panel, reduce the cost of manufacturing a unit of panel, increase the energy efficiency of the panel, ensure long-term strength of enclosing structures – create an innovative energy-efficient reinforced concrete sandwich panel of the XXI century.
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Lin, Jau-Jr, and Yi-Da Tsai. "Flexible Low-Loss Thin Flimsy Stripline for High-Speed Connections." Micromachines 13, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): 2218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122218.
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Increasing numbers of antennas are being placed inside laptop screen bezels. Connections between antennas and laptop bases have become challenging owing to space limitations. Thus, this paper proposes a flexible low-loss thin flimsy stripline structure for high-speed applications. The cable should be sufficiently thin to avoid causing a water ripple effect while under the screen panel. Furthermore, the cable should be sufficiently flexible to traverse the hinges between the laptop screen and base. This study aims to design a cable with a total thickness of less than 0.6 mm and an insertion loss of less than 10 dB/m at a frequency of 6 GHz. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a flexible material, can be used to meet these requirements. We simulate the characteristics of various PTFE layer thicknesses. The trend shows a thicker PTFE layer and lower insertion loss. Finally, we fabricate and test two structures with different thicknesses. Both thicknesses are less than 0.6 mm, and the insertion losses are less than 10 dB/m at 6 GHz. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed design and fabrication process for these applications through simulations and measurements.
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Chen, W., F. Xiong, Y. Lu, J. Chen, B. Feng, P. Zhao, and P. Malla. "Experimental Investigation of the Seismic Performance of a Novel Bolt-Assembled Precast Panel Building Structure." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 13, no. 03n04 (June 2019): 1940008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431119400086.
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In this study, the authors investigated the behavior of the proposed bolt-assembled precast panel building (BPPB) system under the simulated seismic loading through a large experimental campaign. A pseudo-static test was carried out on a two-story half-scale building specimen constructed by many individual precast components which were properly joined together with bolted connections. The results show that the building specimen had the good seismic performance with high bearing capacity, comparable energy dissipation capacity and perfect structural integrity. The crack pattern and failure mode of the building specimen are different from those of traditional cast-in-situ concrete structures and equivalent cast-in-situ precast concrete structures. The final damage was concentrated in the bolted joint zones, a shear failure occurred in the edge of concrete panel near the bolt holes. It results in that the traditional design approaches of concrete shear wall cannot be applied to this new system. Therefore, the design philosophy and design formulas were proposed for the bolt-connected precast concrete panels to ensure the ductility of the panels and further improving the seismic performance of the BPPB system. The design theory of the bolt-connected precast concrete panels was validated by the successful prediction of the building specimen’s flexural capacity.
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Zdražilová, Michaela, Zdeněk Sokol, and Martina Eliášová. "Simple Laminated Glass Panels with Embedded Point Connection under Short-Term Load." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022079.
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Abstract Glass is a very attractive material for contemporary architecture. The trend is to achieve a maximum transparency of structures; therefore it becomes common to use glass as a material for load-bearing structural elements. Glass facades, roofs, beams or columns are widely used in buildings. The problematic part of a glass structure design is the connection between the glass pieces or between the glass elements and substructures from another material (e.g. steel, concrete etc.). The connection must be capable of bearing the stresses performing during the lifetime period and it should be as unobtrusive as possible at the same time. The ongoing research at the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Czech Technical University in Prague is focused on an embedded laminated point connection for glass structures. Within this research, the real-scale glass panels were tested. The samples consisted of two glass plies bonded with the EVA foil. For the undrilled ply, the float glass was used in all cases. The thermally toughened or the heat strengthened glass was used for the pre-drilled ply. There was one embedded steel countersunk bolt with HDPE liners placed in each corner of the sample. During the experiment, the samples were horizontally placed using the embedded bolts. The load-bearing capacity of the six tested specimens was determined. The load was applied in several loading and unloading cycles until the collapse of the first embedded connection. If the glass panel failed before the connection, the sample was completely unloaded and then the load was gradually increasing until the collapse of the connection. Vertical deflection and the stresses at two different points were measured during the loading cycles. The humidity and the temperature were also monitored. The experiment showed the way of collapse and a short-term load-bearing capacity of a laminated glass panel with four embedded point connections.
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H. Maneetes and A. M. Memari. "Finite Element Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Cladding Panels H." Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering 9 (June 1, 2009): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.56748/ejse.9118.
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Architectural precast concrete cladding systems are considered non-load bearing wall systems and are designed primarily to transfer their self-weight and out-of-plane lateral loads to the supporting building structure. They are typically not designed for significant structural in-plane forces resulting from cladding-structure interaction. In fact, modern earthquake-resistant design requires that these cladding panels be isolated from the lateral force-resisting system. Finite element technique was employed to study precast concrete panels and special modeling strategies were developed for panel connections to the structural frame. The precast concrete panel was designed to participate in the building lateral force-resisting. Finite element modeling techniques were adopted to better understand the strength and stiffness characteristics of these concrete cladding panels subjected to significant in-plane loading. Good correlation was obtained between finite element modeling results and existing experimental results. The analytical results were used to develop a simplified mathematical model that can be incorporated into suitable building models to evaluate its performance as a lateral force-resisting system to withstand earthquake-induced lateral loads.
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Kabir, Mohammad Zaman, Parisa Shadan, and Hossein Kabir. "A numerical and experimental study on the dynamical behavior of 3D-Panel Wall on Piloti RC Frame." International Journal of Structural Integrity 9, no. 4 (August 13, 2018): 475–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-09-2017-0053.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamical behavior of a combined three-story building with a 3D panel wall system including a soft story irregularity at the very first floor by doing a shaking table test. The upper two stories of the model were made out of the 3D panel system, while the first story was constructed only with moment-resisting RC frames. Design/methodology/approach Besides the experimental program, the numerical finite element method was implemented for the verification of the experimental results. In the experimental study, the building responses including the floors’ accelerations and drifts were considered, and the seismically vulnerable zones were reported and compared with that provided by the implemented FEM-based program. Findings After the shaking table test, the major cracks appeared at the end of each column and beam-column connections. Some negligible cracks were also visible around the beam-panel connections. However, no crack was seen in the upper stories. The lateral deformation of the studied building was investigated under the applied ELC25 and NGH135 earthquakes. Under the both aforementioned ground motion records, the first story drift was larger than two upper stories, since the moment-resisting frame was a soft story. The hysteretic relation between the shear and displacement for each story was studied. Under the applied ELC25 earthquake, the system remains linear and the stiffness of each story is obtainable as well. Originality/value This is the first time when the dynamical behavior of a combined system is studied and tested experimentally and numerically for data validation. Regarding the response of the assumed combined structure, the 3D panel system has a remarkable rigidity with respect to the conventional RC frames, also 3D panels have less weight than the moment-resisting frames.
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Pradhan, Rudra P., Tamal Nath, Rana P. Maradana, and Ajoy K. Sarangi. "Innovation, Finance, and Economic Growth in OECD Countries: New Insights from a Panel Causality Approach." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 18, no. 04 (June 2021): 2150013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877021500139.
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In this paper, using a panel causality approach, we examine endogenous connections between financial development, innovation, and economic growth in OECD countries for the period 1961–2018. The empirical results of our study show that financial development and innovation support long-run economic growth and that the short-run dynamics facet the multifarious interconnections between financial development, innovation, and economic growth. The strategic insight drawn from this research is that to ensure sustainable economic growth, policy-makers in the OECD countries must pay attention to establishing an integrated structure that looks into co-improvement policies concerning the activities that enhance financial development, innovation, and economic growth.
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Bidakov, Andrii, Ieugeniy Raspopov, Oksana Pustovoitova, and Bogdan Strashko. "STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF GLUED-IN STEEL RODS WITH DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN CLT PANELS CROSS SECTION." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 2, no. 53 (October 31, 2019): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2019.53.1888.
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New types of wood based building materials to which the CLT refers require an accurate evaluation of the strength of varioustypes of connections. CLT panels connections with glued-in steel rods are of interest due to the possibility of creating quickmounted and rigid joints in the factory. Since the CLT have the structure of the perpendicular orientated boards in adjacentlayers, the strength and behaviour of the pasted rods is difficult to predict. The purpose of this study was to establish thestrength of the glued-in rods by pull-pull tests with different locations relative to the boards layers in the cross-section of theCLT panel. Diameter of all considered steel rods was smaller than thick of timber planks 30 mm in 5-lyers CLT specimenswithout gaps and stress relieves. Anchored length of rods in all specimens was 100 mm by using two component epoxy adhesive system.
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MALESZA, Jaroslaw, Czeslaw MIEDZIALOWSKI, and Leonas USTINOVICHIUS. "Tests on full-scale and static analysis models of the wood-framed building stucture horizontaly loaded." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 23, no. 6 (June 22, 2017): 814–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2017.1319411.
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This paper focuses on development of the high energy saving timber building and ecological technology protecting environment in civil engineering. Wood framed with sheathing, large panel structures became more popular building constructions in Poland last decade. Experimental tests and numerical analysis of panels and complete wood framed building have been taken into account. Typical two-story residential building was selected for test. Test of three dimensional (3D) whole building was conducted on the base of experimental investigations results of large panel similar to those used in building structure. Also adequate tests of materials and connections were accompanying of the whole structure investigations. Obtained results were adopted in numerical models elaborated for wall and floor panels and in 3D model of whole building. Load -displacements characteristics were acquired from tests and numerical models. The displacements computed from 3D numerical model were 10–20% higher than from experiment. Experimentally ob-tained lower displacements than those from analytical analysis are resulted from higher stiffness of wall system due to diaphragms interconnections, their common interaction and three-dimensional character of building structure. Presented research analyzed method of computation of internal forces in building as well in the range of engineering methods in the form of rigid beam scheme up to the advanced methods using 3D spatial model adopting FEM.
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Abdul Ghafar, Wahab, Zhong Tao, Yan Tao, Yingcheng He, Lei Wu, and Zhiqi Zhang. "Experimental and Numerical Study of an Innovative Infill Web-Strips Steel Plate Shear Wall with Rigid Beam-to-Column Connections." Buildings 12, no. 10 (September 28, 2022): 1560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101560.
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Steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) offer good energy dissipation capability when subjected to seismic forces as a robust lateral load resisting structure. This research investigated the cyclic behaviors of innovative infill web-strips (IWS-SPSW) and conventional unstiffened steel plate shear (USPSW) experimentally and numerically. As a result, two specimens of a 1:3 scale three-story single-bay IWS-SPSW and USPSW were fabricated and tested under cyclic lateral loading. Rigid moment-resistant connections were used for the steel plate shear wall beam-column connection. The steel shear walls with infill web strips showed high ductility and less shear load-bearing than the USPSW. The hysteresis results showed that the IWS-SPSW had high energy dissipation with no severe beam-columns damages. On the other hand, the USPSW displayed severe post-buckling, infill panel cracks, and first-floor column damages. Moreover, the IWS-SPSW shear strength did not fall in the test specimen beyond 2.5% average story drift, where the structure exhibited great seismic behavior. FE models were created and validated with experimental data. It has been proven that the infill web-strips can affect an SPSW system’s high performance and overall energy dissipation. From a parametric study, the material features of the infill web-strips, such as steel strength and thickness, can enhance the system’s impact even more.
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Uang, Chia-Ming, Qi-Song Yu, Ali Sadre, David Bonowitz, Nabih Youssef, and Jacqueline Vinkler. "Seismic Response of an Instrumented 13-Story Steel Frame Building Damaged in the 1994 Northridge Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 13, no. 1 (February 1997): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585935.
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This paper summarizes a case study of a 13-story welded steel moment frame (WSMF) building affected by the 1994 Northridge earthquake. The building, which was instrumented, sustained extensive damage to its welded connections. Ground motion records from the basement and response records from the sixth and twelfth floors were available. Damage data was collected with post-earthquake inspection and testing of each joint. The primary objective of the study was to compare modeled behavior with recorded response in order to assess the value of present analytical tools and modeling techniques for predicting the distribution and severity of connection failures. Calculated elastic time-history displacements matched well with recorded displacements in the E-W direction, less so in the heavily-damaged N-S direction where the elastic model was unable to simulate fractured moment connections. In the elastic analyses, joint demand was represented by beam demand-capacity ratios (DCRs). The highest beam DCRs were concentrated between the second and seventh floors; these locations correlated strongly with observed damage. Inelastic time-history analyses improved the displacement match in the N-S direction. They also indicated that panel zone yielding would have controlled the intended ductile response. This study suggests that for a regular structure, current modeling and analysis tools for both elastic and inelastic analysis, while unable to simulate premature brittle fractures, can be useful for predicting in a probabilistic way the intensity and distribution of damage expected in moderate seismic events.
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Lombardo, Grazia. "The Seismic Coat: A Sustainable and Integrated Approach to the Retrofit of Existing Buildings." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 6466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116466.
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Within the EU’s environmental policy, redevelopment strategies must be designed by adopting an integrated approach. This approach considers energy savings in buildings and seismic safety as driving forces of economic growth. The recent technological evolution experienced by the construction sector has aimed to define a new building element, the seismic coat. This term refers to a structural “skin” that improves both the seismic safety and the energy efficiency of existing buildings according to standards identified by current regulations. With this regard, research was started with the aim of defining a sustainable seismic coat consisting of dry-assembled panels of natural stone blocks that are prestressed with the use of steel reinforcements. The experimentation carried out on the panel so far has shown significant results as the test building improved in terms of energy savings, seismic safety, sustainability, functionality, and aesthetic quality. By taking a case study of a 1960s building as reference, this paper highlights the findings obtained by the feasibility study of the panel, with a special focus on its technical and construction aspects, and to facilitate its manufacture with the use of industrialized processes. Furthermore, this research provides the installation procedures for the panel components and all relevant details regarding the connections with the existing structure of the building.
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Ross, Steven, Jean-Marc Costanzi, Mansoor Al Jahdhami, Haitham Al Rawahi, Muhammad Ghazali, and Helen Senn. "First evaluation of the population structure, genetic diversity and landscape connectivity of the Endangered Arabian tahr." Mammalian Biology 100, no. 6 (October 13, 2020): 659–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42991-020-00072-4.
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AbstractThe Arabian tahr (Arabitragus jayakari) occurs only in the mountains of northern Oman and the United Arab Emirates. The species is classified as Endangered due to its small declining population. In this study, we combined genetic and landscape ecology techniques in order to inform landscape scale conservation and genetic management of Arabian tahr. Using 540 base pairs of mitochondrial control region in a dataset of 53 samples, we found eight haplotypes, which fell into two haplogroups. Population genetic analysis using a panel of 14 microsatellite loci also showed a weak, but significant division. Analyses of landscape connectivity supported the genetic results showing poor connectivity between populations in the far south of the study area and those in the north. The most likely location of corridors connecting Arabian tahr populations were identified. Many corridors between tahr populations are impeded by multi-lane highways and restoration of these connections is required to maintain population viability of Arabian tahr. Owing to limited genetic samples outside of Wadi Sareen, further sampling is needed to elucidate both mtDNA and the nuclear structure of Arabian tahr more fully. Our study provides a toolkit that may be used for future genetic and connectivity monitoring of the Arabian tahr population.
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An, Gyubaek, Jeongung Park, Mituru Ohata, and Fumiyoshi Minami. "Fracture Assessment of Weld Joints of High-Strength Steel in Pre-Strained Condition." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (March 28, 2019): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071306.
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Unstable fractures tend to occur after ductile crack initiation or propagation. In most collapsed steel structures, a maximum 15% pre-strain was recorded, at the steel structural connections, during the great earthquake of 1995, in Japan. Almost-unstable fractures were observed in the beam-to-column connections, where geometrical discontinuities existed. Structural collapse and unstable failure occurred after large-scale plastic deformations. Ship structures can also suffer from unstable fractures in the welded joints. The fracture resistance of butt-welded joints subjected to tension in the pre-strained condition was estimated by considering the toughness deterioration, due to pre-strain and toughness correction for constraint loss in a tension specimen. The target specimen for this fracture assessment was a double-edged, through-thickness crack panel, with a crack in the weld joint (heat-affected zone (HAZ)). The critical fracture toughness value (crack tip opening displacement (CTOD)) of a large structure with pre-strain, which was applied to the HAZ region, was estimated from a small-scale, pre-stained, three-point bend specimen. Fracture toughness values, evaluated by a CTOD test, were recently mandated for shipbuilding steel plates. The critical fracture toughness value is a very useful parameter to evaluate the safety of huge ship structures.
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Chen, Wenwen, and Jihong Ye. "Simplified calculation model for load-bearing cold-formed steel composite walls under fire conditions." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 8 (January 20, 2020): 1683–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219899790.
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The conventional simplified model only restricts the bending buckling around the minor axis and overall torsional buckling, which is not suitable for external sandwiched cold-formed steel composite walls. Moreover, a solution to stud–track connections must be achieved in establishing the overall structure model. In this article, a simplified calculation model is proposed to accurately and efficiently reveal the fire performance of cold-formed steel composite walls. A tension spring is adopted to simulate the boundary condition that limits the axial thermal expansion of the studs at elevated temperature. Meanwhile, the simplified applications of the panel constraints and stud–track connections are also given in details. Finite element analysis using the developed simplified calculation model is conducted to simulate five full-scale cold-formed steel composite walls with different configurations. Comparisons between the finite element analysis and fire test results show an overall agreement on the failure modes, cold flange temperatures and lateral deflections at mid-height of the studs. These results demonstrate that the developed simplified calculation model is able to simulate the fire performance and predict the lateral deflection of the external sandwiched cold-formed steel composite walls accurately. Finally, the key factors affecting the lateral deflection of the studs are analysed.
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Solikin, Andi, and Kuwat Slamet. "Pengaruh Koneksi Politik, Struktur Kepemilikan, Dan Kebijakan Dividen Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak." Jurnal Pajak dan Keuangan Negara (PKN) 3, no. 2 (March 21, 2022): 270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31092/jpkn.v3i2.1521.
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Tax revenue in the construction services sector only contributes 6.72%, whereas this sector has a proportion of 14.1% of Indonesia's GDP. This study aims to determine the effect of political connections, ownership structure, and dividend policy on tax aggressiveness in the construction services sector. The analysis in this study uses 10 samples of construction services sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 – 2019, with a total of 50 observations. The sample was selected using the purposive sampling method with predetermined criteria, while the tax aggressiveness variable was measured using the Effective Tax ratio (ETR). This research was conducted using the multiple-regression analysis method using panel data. The results showed that political relations did not affect tax avoidance, while concentrated ownership structure and dividend policy had a significant positive effect on tax aggressiveness. Penerimaan pajak di bidang jasa konstruksi hanya memberikan kontribusi sebesar 6,72%, padahal sektor ini memiliki proporsi sebesar 14,1% terhadap PDB Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh koneksi politik, struktur kepemilikan, dan kebijakan dividen terhadap agresivitas pajak di bidang jasa konstruksi. Analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan 10 sampel perusahaan subsektor jasa konstruksi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dari tahun 2015 – 2019, dengan total 50 observasi. Sampel dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan kriteria-kriteria yang telah ditentukan, sedangkan variabel agresivitas pajak diukur dengan menggunakan Effective Tax ratio (ETR). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode analisis regresi berganda menggunakan data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koneksi politik tidak berpengaruh terhadap penghindaran pajak, sedangkan struktur kepemilikan terkonsentrasi dan kebijakan dividen berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap agresivitas pajak.
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Takano, Takamasa, Satoru Kuramochi, and Hobie Yun. "3D IPD on Thru Glass Via Substrate using panel Manufacturing Technology." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2017, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 000097–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2017-tp41_060.
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Abstract As electronic products become smaller and thinner with increasing number of functions, the demand for high density and high integration becomes stronger. Glass has many properties that make it an ideal substrate for high integration substrate such as; ultra high resistivity, adjustable thermal expansion (CTE) high modulus, low dielectric constant, low dielectric loss and manufacturability with large panel sizes. Multi-bands with carrier aggregation, Wi-Fi/GPS coexistence, and LTE-U make RF front end more and more complicated. 3D IPD (integrated passive devices) on Glass substrate technology could be advantage solution include reducing power consumption and small form factor. This paper presents a demonstration of 3D RF front end filters using 3D solenoid inductors with through glass vias (TGV) and Cu-SiN-Cu MIM structure on Gen1 glass substrate (300mm × 400mm) panel format using color filter manufacturing line for flat panel display. For inductors, drastic performance (size and low resistance therefore high-quality factor) improvement have been demonstrated by technology evolutions from 3D solenoid using TGV with conformal Cu plating method, achieving low resistance of 3.1mohm per 70um diameter TGV on a 400um thick glass panel. This low-resistance TGV with 2.7mOhm/sq TGV connections on both sides of the glass substrate, record high inductor quality factor of 39 was obtained at 2.5GHz using five and half turn inductor of 7.9nH inductance, For capacitors, we have successfully integrated a Cu MIM (metal-insulator-metal) structure by using 15um thick Cu plates and dielectric, resulting in high capacitance density of 0.26nF/mm2 for RF application. By integrating TGV inductor-first and MIM capacitor-next, high-performance and high-density LC components are synthesized to perform as RF front end filters such as low-pass filters, diplexers, triplexers, and multiplexers. The 3D inductors, Cu MIM, LC resonators and filters were successfully integrated using glass panel manufacturing infrastructure for the first time. Process characterization and process control monitors were evaluated at the panel level to address high-volume and high-yield manufacturability of RF filters with the unprecedented filter performance in terms of insertion loss and out of band rejections in smaller form factor than any other technologies have achieved so far. Furthermore, the TGV filters were mounted on electrical evaluation boards as well as JEDEC standard testing boards to check any device-level, chip-level, and board-level reliabilities associated with glass or TGV materials as well as their interaction with Cu, SiN, polymer inter layer dielectric materials, and solder joints, showing no performance degradations during thermal cycling, drop shock, bending, or high-power testing situations.
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Solomennikov, A. V., S. L. Bogdanova, A. I. Tyukavin, and N. A. Arseniev. "Improvement of information in determination of N-telopeptide of type 1 collagen molecules in complex of indicators of water-electrolyte metabolism." Medical alphabet, no. 19 (October 14, 2022): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2022-19-22-27.
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This paper presents the results of an expert analysis of laboratory data of patients with pathology of the musculoskeletal system, obtained using an expert analytical system. The personal data of patients who had the index of N-telopeptide of type I collagen molecules (TP1NP) were analyzed. The complex of TP1NP connections in personal observations was established by comparing the structural features of the formation of a panel of ratios of indicators of water-electrolyte metabolism against the background of the dynamics of the analyzed osteomarkers. At the same time, two types of influence of TP1NP growth on the ‘final’ structure of the panel of electrolyte ratios were singled out from the general array and personally analyzed – a high influence of the complex of TP1NP-associated bonds at the intersystem level and at absolute values of TP1NP that go beyond > M + G. A detailed analysis of the recorded relationships is presented with the substantiation of the leading mechanisms for the formation of TP1NP-associated complexes using literary sources. The authors come to the conclusion that under conditions of ‘disturbing’ effects on the body, a pronounced reaction can be achieved, in particular, due to mutual multiplication (multiplication) of the effectiveness of various mechanisms without pronounced shifts in the absolute values of the analyzed indicator. At the same time, the increase in the quantitative indicator of TP1NP with a weak expression of its effect on the final structure of the panel of electrolyte ratios may correspond to the predominant effect on bone metabolism of other factors that go beyond the osteomarkers analyzed in the article, thereby determining the need to continue the search and deciphering different complexes. At the same time, the observations presented and analyzed in this work, which demonstrate a high degree of influence on the integral PSE of the TP1NP-associated complex, can be entered into the archive of the knowledge base and recognized in the routine interpretation of the obtained laboratory data on water-electrolyte metabolism.
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Akbar, Junaid, Naveed Ahmad, and Bashir Alam. "SHAKING TABLE TESTS ON HAUNCH RETROFITTED REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAMES." NED University Journal of Research 3, Special Issue on First SACEE'19 (December 12, 2019): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35453/nedjr-stmech-2019-0034.
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Shaking table tests were performed on five one-third reduced scale two storey reinforced concrete (RC) moment resisting frames having construction defects (using low strength concrete without confining ties in beam-column joints, larger tie spacing, and reduced longitudinal and transverse reinforcements). The deficient frames were observed to have severe joint damageability, resulting in joint panel cover spalling and core concrete crushing. Haunch retrofitting technique was adopted to upgrade the seismic behaviour of deficient RC frames. Additional four deficient RC frames were built and retrofitted with steel haunch; both axially stiffer and deformable with energy dissipation, fixed to the beam-column connections to reduce shear demand on joint panels. The as-built and retrofitted frame seismic response modification factor (R) was calculated and compared to evaluate the viability of the haunch retrofitting technique. The haunch retrofitting technique increased the lateral stiffness and strength of the structure, resulting in the increase of structure overstrength. The retrofitting increased R factor by sixty percent to one hundred percent. The presented results indicate that the technique can significantly enhance the seismic performance of deficient RC frames, particularly against the frequent and rare earthquake events.
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Chang, Yonglian, Yingjun Huang, Manman Li, and Zhengmin Duan. "Threshold Effect in the Relationship between Environmental Regulations and Haze Pollution: Empirical Evidence from PSTR Estimation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (November 25, 2021): 12423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312423.
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The impact of environmental regulations (ER) on haze pollution control has been continuously debated in the field of sustainable development. This paper explores the direct and indirect threshold effects of ER on haze pollution, and five underlying mechanisms—technological innovation (TI), industrial structure (IS), foreign direct investment (FDI), urbanization (UR), and electricity consumption (EC)—are adopted to investigate the indirect threshold effects. Panel data, over the period 2008–2018, of 284 Chinese cities were used and the threshold effects were predicted endogenously based on the panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model. The results showed the following: (1) For the direct threshold effect, there exists a U-shaped relationship between ER and haze pollution. ER significantly reduced haze pollution when ER < 38.86 due to “cost effects”. However, ER increased haze pollution after the threshold owing to the “green paradox”, which was not significant. (2) For the indirect threshold effect, when TI = 0.37, IS = 39.61, FDI = 7.25, and UR = 42.86, the relationships between ER and haze pollution changed. The changes and corresponding reasons for the indirect threshold effects are discussed in detail. (3) After a comprehensive analysis, the threshold effects have obvious regional distribution characteristics and internal connections. Finally, based on the results, it is essential for governments to enact appropriate environmental regulatory policies and enhance inter-regional synergies in environmental governance.
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Wang, Thomas, James Lin, Tony Cheng, Ping-Chi Hong, Albert Lin, and Harrison Chang. "A Module-on-module Manufacturing Process and the Study of its Warpage and Signal Integrity." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2015, DPC (January 1, 2015): 001429–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2015dpc-wp15.
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This paper describes a package design and associated manufacturing assembly process that stack a module on top of another module using a frame board. The module on the top could be in molded or open frame form. In addition, this manufacturing process is compatible with the conformal shielding process important in RF applications. The complete module-on-module can be coated seamlessly and connected to the ground planes of the two substrates. The module may be a part of product line that requires more functionality over the same foot print. There is the need to houses more components than its predecessor. Such example includes the standard memory package-on-package. However, if the module on top is not of commodity type, or when the volume is not big enough to develop a standard package, this module-on-module architecture and process could be a good solution. Alternatively, one could fix the design of bottom module , and design multiple choices of the top module. When stacked together, the two modules form various different configurations in order to serve different functionalities. The structure of the module on module is shown in figure 1 below: Figure 1 Structure of the Module on Module On the frame board, there are vertical via where vertical electrical and power connection can be made. The frame board is mounted on the main board-II by surface mount process with underfill option. In the figure, a molded module on the top is shown, and an overall coating is applied to the whole module-on-module. Figure 2 Manufacturing Process of the Module-on-module The assembly process of the module-on-module is shown in Figure 2. First, the bottom module is manufactured by a one side SMT process and sawed, with the frame board soldered and underfilled. Then, the top module is SMT and molded in a panel form on the one side, and the bottom module is SMT and underfilled on the other side. Last, the complete module is sawed and conformal shielded by the sputtering process. The design of the ground plans of the substrates, together with that of the frame board, makes it such that the coating is connected to the ground planes of the boards. It is important to study the warpage of such a module-on-module to make sure that it meets the JDEC standards. It is important to assure that the signal integrity of the electrical connections, including RF connections, inside of the frame board meets the requirement. Both simulation and measurement are made to test vehicles of the module-on-module. It is found that the simulation matches the measurement nicely. This module structure can be used for a variety of applications.
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Blanco-Alcántara, David, José María Díez-Esteban, and M. Elena Romero-Merino. "Board networks as a source of intellectual capital for companies." Management Decision 57, no. 10 (November 11, 2019): 2653–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-12-2017-1238.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use the dynamic capabilities framework to explain the effect of board networks, as a source of intellectual capital, on firm performance. The authors propose that the influence of board interlocks depends on their ability to contribute to strategic decision making. As a result, their effect is subject to the business context in which they occur and the different role of the interconnected directors involved. Design/methodology/approach The authors use social network analysis to make board connections and to calculate centrality measures. The authors also identify busy boards to analyze whether their effect differs from centrality. The authors estimate the theoretical model using the Generalized Method of Moments in order to take advantage of the panel database. Findings For a sample of Spanish firms from 1999 to 2015, the results show there is no direct significant effect of directors’ networks on firm performance. However, the authors find a positive and significant influence of intra-industry board connections, particularly when they are established among outsiders. Research limitations/implications The Spanish context of the study can limit the generalization of the papers’ results. Practical implications The results can be useful both for practitioners – since they can serve as a guide for companies to reformulate their boards in search of the optimal structure-, and when implementing good governance codes – establishing limits for director interlocking. Originality/value This study helps to offer a better understanding of how directors’ networks can add value to the firm depending on the kind of resources they provide (context) and the role of the director who is connected.
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Zoubek, Blaz, Matej Fischinger, and Tatjana Isakovic. "Seismic response of short restrainers used to protect cladding panels in RC precast buildings." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 4 (July 20, 2016): 645–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546316659780.
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In the presented study, a second-line back-up system for the seismic protection of cladding panels in RC precast buildings is first presented. The system consists of special anchoring elements and a rope restrainer. The latter is activated only in the case when the existing connections between the primary structure and the panel fail, resulting in the occurrence of relatively large impact forces in the restrainer and in the anchoring elements. In order to adequately design the constitutive parts of the system, a simple yet sufficiently accurate procedure for the estimation of the impact forces is needed. A relatively easy-to-use formula was therefore proposed for this purpose. Next, an extensive parametric study, using response history analysis (RHA), was performed and the influence of several parameters affecting the impact forces in the restrainers was studied. The results obtained in the study were used to evaluate the proposed analytical formula. Considering the simplicity of the proposed formula, its accuracy was good. It can therefore be applied to the design of short restrainers which could be used in reinforced concrete (RC) precast buildings for the protection of cladding panels against the effects of earthquakes.
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Solomennikov, A. V., A. I. Tyukavin, and N. A. Arseniev. "Additional opportunities for using computer technologies in expert analysis of laboratory data." Medical alphabet, no. 41 (January 10, 2022): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2021-41-34-40.
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The presented work reflects the author’s algorithm of mathematical processing and possible interpretations of the results obtained when creating expert analytical systems using computer technology. As initial parameters for the construction of neural networks of the second level, it is proposed to use individual results of calculations of the ratios of a number of laboratory indicators capable of forming a single functional cluster (leukogram, indicators of water-electrolyte balance, protein fractions, etc.). Further, using the proposed calculation algorithm and the archive database, structural features in the ′deformation′ of the ratio panel were compared against the background of the growth of each indicator, a matrix table was built reflecting the degree (correlation coefficients, KCr) of the coincidence of the features of the formation of the structure of the obtained panels of the parameters determined in individual observations. At high values of KCr, a conclusion is made about their (determined parameters) unified participation in the mechanism of emerging disorders. Thus, the system allows you to establish a leading complex of associated relationships by changes in the structure of ratios in the selected panel, corresponding to the dynamics of deviation of the target (analyzed) indicator, thereby differentiating the different mechanisms of formation of pathological deviations in this patient, the manifestation and balance of their values in the system-wide response, to evaluate the specific value of the absolute indicator as the final result of such interaction at the time of examination of the patient. The approach used, proposed by the authors, allows us to evaluate not only quantitative relationships, but also the features of the manifestation of the functional properties of the evaluated indicators. All of the above significantly expands the informativeness of the obtained laboratory data, allowing us to build a reasonable paradigm of the connections of the emerging complex of pathological disorders in each individual case. In the list of references, the authors cite publications as concrete examples of the use of the proposed approach in assessing a complex of disorders with different pathological processes using different panels in calculations.
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Gargallo, Mercedes, Belarmino Cordero, and Alfonso Garcia-Santos. "Material Selection and Characterization for a Novel Frame-Integrated Curtain Wall." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 10, 2021): 1896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081896.
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Curtain walls are the façade of choice in high-rise buildings and an indispensable element of architecture for a contemporary city. In conventional curtain walls, the glass panels are simply supported by the metal framing which transfers any imposed load to the building structure. The absence of composite action between glass and metal results in deep frames, protruding to the inside, occupying valuable space and causing visual disruption. In response to the limited performance of conventional systems, an innovative frame-integrated unitized curtain wall is proposed to reduce structural depth to one fifth (80%) allowing an inside flush finish and gaining nettable space. The novel curtain wall is achieved by bonding a pultruded glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) frame to the glass producing a composite insulated glass unit (IGU). This paper selects the candidate frame and adhesive materials performing mechanical tests on GFRP pultrusions to characterize strength and elasticity and on GFRP-glass connections to identify failure module and strength. The material test results are used in a computer-based numerical model of a GFRP-glass composite unitized panel to predict the structural performance when subjected to realistic wind loads. The results confirm the reduction to one fifth is possible since the allowable deflections are within limits. It also indicates that the GFRP areas adjacent to the support might require reinforcing to reduce shear stresses.
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Mirra, Michele, and Geert Ravenshorst. "Optimizing Seismic Capacity of Existing Masonry Buildings by Retrofitting Timber Floors: Wood-Based Solutions as a Dissipative Alternative to Rigid Concrete Diaphragms." Buildings 11, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11120604.
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The inadequate seismic performance of existing masonry buildings is often linked to the excessively low in-plane stiffness of timber diaphragms and the poor quality of their connections to the walls. However, relevant past studies and seismic events have also shown that rigid diaphragms could be detrimental for existing buildings and do not necessarily lead to an increase in their seismic performance. Therefore, this work explores the opportunity of optimizing the retrofitting of existing timber floors by means of a dissipative strengthening option, consisting of a plywood panel overlay. On the basis of past experimental tests and previously formulated analytical and numerical models for simulating the in-plane response of these retrofitted diaphragms, in this work nonlinear incremental dynamic analyses were performed on three case–study buildings. For each structure three configurations were analyzed: an as-built one, one having floors retrofitted with concrete slabs and one having dissipative diaphragms strengthened with plywood panels. The results showed that the additional beneficial hysteretic energy dissipation of the optimized diaphragms is relevant and can largely increase the seismic performance of the analyzed buildings, while rigid floors only localize the dissipation in the walls. These outcomes can contribute to an efficient seismic retrofitting of existing masonry buildings, demonstrating once more the great potential of wood-based techniques in comparison to the use of reinforced concrete for creating rigid diaphragms.
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Liu, Ruo Nan, Kai Yin Zhang, and Meng Lan Tao. "Test Study on Slipping Performance of the Flexible Nodes of the Precast Concrete Exterior Wall Cladding Panel." Advanced Materials Research 940 (June 2014): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.940.284.
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To explore the performance of the flexible nodes between the precast concrete exterior wall cladding panel and the frame structure, a steel truss is used as an analogue of the frame structure to develop a test. In the test, one precast concrete exterior wall cladding panel was installed on the steel truss, and the connection nodes are designed to be able to slip vertically. Different horizontal forces were exerted on the steel truss to form certain drifts, and the deformation of panel and the slipping performance of the connection nodes were explored. It is found that precast concrete exterior wall cladding panel won’t deform under the influence of the drifts, while the connection nodes between the frame structure and the panel were found to slip. The results show that the design of slipping connection node has enough reliability.
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Gu, Ye, Cai Qi Zhao, Yong Yang, and Wei Ran Zhao. "Connection Performance of Bolted Aluminum Alloy Honeycomb Panel-Beam Composite Structure." Key Engineering Materials 821 (September 2019): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.821.59.
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A convenient and reliable connection between panels and beams was investigated for collaborative work of single-layer composite reticulated shell structure in which aluminum alloy honeycomb panels participate. In the paper, the "self-tapping bolt" connection was adopted to realize the "tight fit" performance of connection effectively in the composite structure. Through three groups of bearing capacity test on 1.5 m×3 m square meters of the aluminum alloy honeycomb panel-square tube beam combined structure, the force characteristics and failure mechanism of the structures were studied. The experimental results revealed that the connection method could ensure effective transmission between the panel and the beam which made them work in excellent condition. In order to simulate complex performance connection with the panel-beam composite structure, tangential and normal contact behavior were considered at the bolt connection point between the honeycomb panel and the beam in ABAQUS analysis. The analysis results illustrated that the finite element results had the highest matching degree with the experimental values when the friction coefficient of the joint boundary was 0.25. The finite element analysis of the connection bolts spacing indicated that the economic and excellent connection effect can be achieved when the spacing was about 90 mm.
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Elango, B., and Jamie R. Wieland. "How much does region affect performance?" Multinational Business Review 22, no. 1 (April 14, 2014): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-10-2013-0061.
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Purpose – The importance of regional strategy as a separate paradigm in the international business literature has grown in recent years, and the initial connections between regionalization and firm performance appear promising. What is lacking, however, is an empirical analysis quantifying the impact of regional effects on firm profitability. This topic is an important one for the field of international business, as drivers of firm profitability are some of the key motivators of research in international strategy. The aim of this paper is to empirically quantify the role of regional effects on the performance of service firms in a manner such that regional effects can be directly compared with country and firm effects on firm profitability. Design/methodology/approach – Using a hierarchical linear model (HLM) with four levels, the proportion of variation driven by regional effects is estimated. These estimates are obtained from a data panel of 48,083 units from 7,129 service firms across the three triad regions (North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific) over a ten-year time-frame (1999-2008). Findings – It was found that regional effects, in terms of relative importance, explain approximately 9 percent of the variance in firm performance. This pattern of results is consistent when the analysis was conducted during periods of increasing or decreasing profits, firm type, and ownership structure. Originality/value – Within the context of international business, work on regional strategy/regionalization has emerged as a separate stream of literature. This study is one of the first to quantify the influence of regional effects on performance using a 4-level HLM model. Additionally, this paper demonstrates the application of a 4-level model, potentially increasing awareness of this technique and usage in other multilevel topics in the IB literature, which offers several avenues for future research.
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Mehdipour, Zabih, Elisa Poletti, Jorge M. Branco, and Paulo B. Lourenço. "Numerical Analysis of Masonry-Infilled RC-CLT Panel Connections." Buildings 12, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12112009.
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CLT panels have been investigated for reinforcement of existing masonry-infilled RC framed buildings through the increase of the overall lateral stiffness of the structure, thus reducing the story drift demand. The contribution of CLT panels depends on the connection to the RC frame elements. This paper evaluates the role of connectors by which CLT is attached to RC frames for capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation of the structure and its elements separately using different kinds of RC-CLT connections, and ultimately finds and compares the optimum number and arrangement of connectors. The results show that the geometry of connections plays a greater seismic role in RC frames than their mechanical properties. Regarding masonry infills, they allow a higher strength capacity but reduce the efficacy of CLT strengthening. However, strong connectors decrease the ability of infills in dissipation. Finally, in the optimum arrangement of connectors, they are distributed equally along the upper and lower beams at equal spacing, where CLT is added, starting in the middle of the beams and moving to the frame corners.
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Tian, Simiao, Mei Bi, Yanhong Bi, Xiaoyu Che, and Yazhuo Liu. "A Bayesian Network Analysis of the Probabilistic Relationships Between Various Obesity Phenotypes and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Chinese Adults: Chinese Population-Based Observational Study." JMIR Medical Informatics 10, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): e33026. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/33026.
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Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among individuals with different BMI levels might depend on their metabolic health. The extent to which metabolic health status and BMI affect CVD risk, either directly or through a mediator, in the Chinese population remains unclear. Objective In this study, the Bayesian network (BN) perspective is adopted to characterize the multivariable probabilistic connections between CVD risk and metabolic health and obesity status and identify potential factors that influence these relationships among Chinese adults. Methods The study population comprised 6276 Chinese adults aged 30 to 74 years who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2009. BMI was used to categorize participants as normal weight, overweight, or obese, and metabolic health was defined by the Adult Treatment Panel-3 criteria. Participants were categorized into 6 phenotypes according to their metabolic health and BMI categorization. The 10-year risk of CVD was determined using the Framingham Risk Score. BN modeling was used to identify the network structure of the variables and compute the conditional probability of CVD risk for the different metabolic obesity phenotypes with the given structure. Results Of 6276 participants, 64.67% (n=4059), 20.37% (n=1279), and 14.95% (n=938) had a low, moderate, and high 10-year CVD risk. An averaged BN with a stable network structure was constructed by learning 300 bootstrapped networks from the data. Using BN reasoning, the conditional probability of high CVD risk increased as age progressed. The conditional probability of high CVD risk was 0.43% (95% CI 0.2%-0.87%) for the 30 to 40 years age group, 2.25% (95% CI 1.75%-2.88%) for the 40 to 50 years age group, 16.13% (95% CI 14.86%-17.5%) for the 50 to 60 years age group, and 52.02% (95% CI 47.62%-56.38%) for those aged ≥70 years. When metabolic health and BMI categories were instantiated to their different statuses, the conditional probability of high CVD risk increased from 7.01% (95% CI 6.27%-7.83%) for participants who were metabolically healthy normal weight to 10.47% (95% CI 7.63%-14.18%) for their metabolically healthy obese (MHO) counterparts and up to 21.74% and 34.48% among participants who were metabolically unhealthy normal weight and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO), respectively. Sex was a significant modifier of the conditional probability distribution of metabolic obesity phenotypes and high CVD risk, with a conditional probability of high CVD risk of only 2.02% and 22.7% among MHO and MUO women, respectively, compared with 21.92% and 48.21% for their male MHO and MUO counterparts, respectively. Conclusions BN modeling was applied to investigate the relationship between CVD risk and metabolic health and obesity phenotypes in Chinese adults. The results suggest that both metabolic health and obesity status are important for CVD prevention; closer attention should be paid to BMI and metabolic status changes over time.
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Mansour, Marwan, Mo’taz Kamel Al Zobi, Ahmad Al-Naimi, and Luay Daoud. "The connection between Capital structure and performance: Does firm size matter?" Investment Management and Financial Innovations 20, no. 1 (February 23, 2023): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.20(1).2023.17.
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The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the impact of capital structure decisions on firm performance in Jordan (2010–2018), as well as the extent to which firm size matters in the capital structure-performance relationship. The dependent variable was market share. The main independent variables were the book value of total debt ratios, and firm-specific factors such as firm size, firm age, firm growth, and market-to-book value of equity served as control variables. This study used a quantitative research method using panel data analysis of 830 firm-year observations. Random effects model was employed to analyze the capital structure-performance nexus. To infer correctly, the main analysis was re-examined using the generalized method of moment estimator to overcome possible endogeneity concerns. After controlling for endogeneity and firm heterogeneity, this study finds that the book value of capital structure has a significantly positive relation to a firm’s market share. Hence, every one unit increase in the book value of total debt ratios will increase market share by 4.77%. The firm size, sales growth, and market-to-book value of equity had a significantly positive association with market share. Hence, every one unit increase in firm size, growth and market-to-book equity ratio will increase a firm’s market share by 8.84%, 2.06%, and 2.15%, respectively, but surprisingly, firm age did not meaningfully contribute to operating performance. Another important finding was that the strength of a positive relationship between the book value of total debt ratios and market share depends on the size of a firm and is mostly higher for larger-sized firms. Hence, every one unit increased in the book value of total debt ratios for large firms will increase market share by 10.58%.
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Yu, Jing Hai, Gang Zhang, and Jiu Peng Li. "Study on External Wall Panel of Industrialized Housing and Seismic Behavior of Connection Joint." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 2394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.2394.
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The lateral performance of a typical reinforced concrete external wall panel is analyzed by finite element method and the analysis results show that the reinforced concrete external wall panel has a certain strength and stiffness in its own plane. In order to rational use the strength and stiffness of the wall panel, a new type of energy dissipation connector is designed based on passive energy dissipation. The energy dissipation connector is analyzed by finite element method and the analysis results show that this energy dissipation connector has ideal hysteresis curve. The energy dissipation connector can improve the seismic behavior of main structure through rational design.
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Fogarasi, Miklos C., and Roy P. Eichengreen. "Serial concept mapping: A tool to assess the evolution of medical student learning about cancer survivorship." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.7_suppl.21.
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21 Background: Concept mapping (CM) fosters meaningful learning yet its use in cancer education is rare. Serial CM as a learning tool may offer novel ways to promote critical thinking about complex medical issues. We introduced CM in our Cancer Survivorship (CS) elective to study the evolution of students’ conceptual learning, to offer feed-back and as a tool for inter-professional and team-based education. Methods: The study was funded by an institutional grant and received IRB exemption. Eleven 2nd year medical students and 2 pre-med students enrolled. Oncologist-lead classes were co-facilitated by a primary care physician, a survivor, caregivers or other health care professionals. Students were trained using cMAPTools on week 1 and applied domains of the Quality of Life (QoL)-CS tool by City of Hope to their CMs. Feedback given after each round of mapping assessed adequate use of CS concepts and creation of meaningful linkages. Results: Map #1 (week 1) tested baseline perceptions. These maps displayed a wide-range of complexity, a largely non-hierarchical structure with rare connections and a sense of overload by the scope of CS issues. Map #2 (week 4) explored physical and spiritual challenges of CS from a primary care physician and a cancer survivor. Here improved maps presented concepts more clearly but linear thinking with limited crosslinks was still observed. Map #3 (week 8) about social aspects of CS followed lively sessions with a social worker and family caregivers. Emerging cross-links reflected a deeper understanding of survivor issues. Final CMs will be based on interviewing a panel of survivors and should aid students in creating a thorough Survivorship Care Plan. Team-based and inter-professional maps were well received. Conclusions: Serial concept mapping exposes progressive understanding of Survivorship issues during a one-semester elective. CM facilitates the learning of relationships among complex survivorship topics. Inter-professional and team-based CM is feasible. By mapping issues to QoL domains, students practice patient-centered critical thinking. Challenges include low reproducibility due to changing concepts, and limited practicality once concepts grow too large.
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Lyublinskiy, Valery, and Andrzej Ubysz. "Stress-strain state panel buildings and welded butt joints." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126302015.
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The constructive basis of a multi-story building is the spatial bearing system of buildings. In accordance with the chosen mathematical apparatus of the study, the spatial load-bearing system of a multi-storey building is a discrete vertical reinforced concrete structure formed by shear walls, and united by constant height connections with certain deformability. The above elements of the building support system provide strength, stability and durability of the structure as a whole. The spatial operation of the system is manifested in the fact that when loading one of its elements, other elements are included in the work. The purpose of the present study is to assess the influence shear bonds of the building’s bearing system on its stress-strain state using a specific building.