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Journal articles on the topic 'Pandemic policy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Moyo, Sibusiso, Luis Gustavo Zelaya Cruz, Rafael Lima de Carvalho, Roger Marcelin Faye, Pavel Yaroslav Tabakov, and Felix Mora-Camino. "A model for pandemic control through isolation policy." RAIRO - Operations Research 54, no. 6 (November 2020): 1875–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2020133.

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In this paper we model the dynamics of a spreading pandemic over a country using a new dynamical and decentralised differential model with the main objective of studying the effect of different policies of social isolation (social distancing) over the population to control the spread of the pandemic. A probabilistic infection process with time lags is introduced in the dynamics with the main contribution being the proposed model to explicitly look at levels of interaction between towns and regions within the considered country. We believe the strategies and findings here will help practitioners, planners and Governments to put in place better strategies to control the spread of pandemics, thus saving lives and minimizing the impact of pandemia on socio-economic development and the populations livelihood.

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2

Kaldy, Joanne. "Policy Throughout The Pandemic." Caring for the Ages 22, no. 5 (June 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carage.2021.05.018.

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3

Arugay, Aries A. "Politics, Policy, and the Pandemic." Asian Politics & Policy 12, no. 2 (April 2020): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aspp.12535.

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4

Faria-e-Castro, Miguel. "Fiscal policy during a pandemic." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 125 (April 2021): 104088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2021.104088.

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5

Götz, Roland. "Russlands Pandemiepolitik." osteuropa 71, no. 3 (2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35998/oe-2021-0018.

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6

Stephen, Craig. "Rethinking pandemic preparedness in the Anthropocene." Healthcare Management Forum 33, no. 4 (November 7, 2019): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0840470419867347.

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The social and ecological changes accompanying the Anthropocene require changes in how pandemics are anticipated, conceived, and managed. Pandemics need to be reframed from infections we can predict to inevitable infectious and non-communicable surprises with which we need to cope. A hazard-by-hazard approach to planning and response is insufficient when the next pandemic cannot be predicted. Decision-making will benefit from scoping the problem broadly to generate deeper insights into potential threats. The origins of pandemics come from our relationships with the world around us. Health leaders, therefore, need to be aware of primordial determinants of risk arising from these changing relationships. Cross-sectoral co-learning to anticipate surprise will require bridging agents embedded within a health agency to facilitate transdisciplinary intelligence gathering. A unified set of guidelines is needed to promote pandemic resilience by collaboratively tending to the determinants of health for each other, our communities, and the natural environment.

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Ihor, CHUGUNOV, and MAKOHON Valentyna. "BUDGET POLICY UNDERTHE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." Herald of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics 134, no. 6 (December 14, 2020): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/visnik.knute.2020(134)06.

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The role of budget policy in ensuring financial and economic regulation of the country is determined. The institutional principles are revealed and the directions of budget policy in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic are substantiated. Revenues and expenditures of the State Budget of Ukraine for 2020 are compared in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On the State Budget of Ukraine for 2020" of 15.09.2019 № 294-IX and the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On the State Budget of Ukraine for 2020" of 13.04.2020№ 553-IX.

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8

Shumilin, Alexander. "Pandemic Factor in European Foreign Policy." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 2, no. 14 (May 1, 2020): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran220201421.

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9

Slavetskiy, V. Y., А. К. Satpayev, and К. А. Bekeschev. "MODERN INTERNATIONAL POLICY IN A PANDEMIC." BULLETIN Series of Sociological and Political sciences 72, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-4.1728-8940.02.

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The global coronavirus pandemic has become a catalyst for a previously unheard-of pace of world change. The way of life of a person has already objectively become different, and similar changes have taken place in all spheres of the functioning of our society. The changes that have begun in the international political sphere are only gaining momentum and are at the initial stage. In the near future, there will be serious shifts in the state and trade policy of the countries and the desire for maximum self-sufficiency in resource and production terms.

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10

Van den End, Jan Willem, and Yakov Ben-Haim. "Robust Policy in Times of Pandemic." Intereconomics 56, no. 2 (March 2021): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10272-021-0961-1.

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AbstractThe pandemic exposes policymakers to fundamental uncertainties about future economic scenarios. While policymakers have to act forcefully to mitigate the impact on the economy, these conditions call for policy strategies that are also robust to uncertainty. This article compares two concepts of robust strategies: robust control and robust satisficing. It argues that a robust satisficing strategy is preferred and shows that the crisis responses of governments and central banks in Europe share features of robust satisficing in several dimensions.

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11

Sipollo, Berliany Venny, Nadia Oktiffany Putri, and Kristianto Dwi Nugroho. "BAGAIMANA MEMBANGUN KEHIDUPAN SPIRITUAL SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI MALANG RAYA." Jurnal Pengabdiaan Masyarakat Kasih (JPMK) 2, no. 1 (October 31, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.52841/jpmk.v2i1.155.

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ABSTRAK Kegiatan Program Kemitraan Masyarakat dengan judul “Bagaimana membangun kehidupan spiritual selama masa pandemik COVID-19” diawali dengan fenomena yang ada saat ini mengenai COVID-19. Fenomena yang ada menunjukkan jika masyarakat belum siap menerima perubahan yang terjadi akibat kondisi pandemi. Perubahan yang terjadi meliputi kebijakan baru dari pemerintah yaitu PSBB (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar). Kebijakan baru ini diadakan sebagai tindak lanjut dari peningkatan jumlah warga yang terinfeksi dan meninggal akibat COVID-19. Hal ini juga berdampak pada perputaran sektor ekonomi, masyarakat ketakutan berpergian, salah satunya termasuk pergi ke tempat ibadah. Dibutuhkan kesiapan mental bagi masyarakat dalam menghadapi masa pandemic COVID-19. Upaya dalam membangun kehidupan spiritual di masa pandemik COVID-19 dilakukan dengan meningkatkan komunikasi atau silahturahmi, mengurangi paparan berita dari berbagai media, membaca kitab suci, meluangkan waktu untuk beribadah, dan mendengarkan siraman rohani. Salah satu hal positif dalam pandemi ini ialah memperbanyak kesempatan untuk semakin dekat dengan Tuhan yang jika selama ini waktu lebih terkuras habis dengan pekerjaan. Kehidupan spiritual Karakter yang kuat akan meningkatkan spiritual dalam diri masing-masing untuk menghadapi keadaan yang sulit di masa pandemik. ABSTRACT The Community Partnership Program activity entitled "How to build a spiritual life during the COVID-19 pandemic period" begins with the current phenomenon regarding COVID-19. The existing phenomenon shows that the community is not ready to accept the changes that occur due to pandemic conditions. Changes that occur include a new policy from the government, namely PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restrictions). This new policy was held as a follow-up to the increase in the number of people infected and dying from COVID-19. This also has an impact on the rotation of the economic sector, people are afraid to travel, one of which includes going to places of worship. It takes mental readiness for the community to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Efforts to build a spiritual life during the COVID-19 pandemic have been carried out by increasing communication or friendship, reducing exposure to news from various media, reading holy books, taking time to worship, and listening to spiritual sermons. One of the positive things in this pandemic is that there are more opportunities to get closer to God, who if all this time has been drained more by work. Spiritual life A strong character will enhance each other's spirituality to face the difficult circumstances of the pandemic.

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12

Kireyev, A. P., and J. Ferrer. "Economic policies in a pandemic." Journal of the New Economic Association 49, no. 1 (2021): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264-2021-49-1-7.

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What economic policy space does a country have to respond to a crisis provoked by the Covid-19 pandemic? To assess this space, the article calculates the nominal policy space index as a sum of each country’s fiscal space, monetary space, and reserve space. This nominal policy space is then adjusted for institutional features of individual countries to derive the effective policy space index. By way of illustration, the article applies the index to the Covid-19 crisis. It finds that at least 95 countries (about 11 percent of global GDP and 23 percent of population) have no or very limited policy space and may require emergency assistance.

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13

Navarro, Vicente. "Why Asian Countries are Controlling the Pandemic Better Than the United States and Western Europe." International Journal of Health Services 51, no. 2 (March 11, 2021): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020731421999930.

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The coronavirus pandemic has shed light on the detrimental impact of neoliberal policies on public health and well-being and as a result, there have been calls for increases in public spending to rectify the lack of public health services. However, neoliberal right-wing parties have dismissed such calls, pointing instead to Asian countries as examples in successfully controlling the pandemic without high public health spending, attributing this to the entrepreneurial orientation of their governments, as opposed to their public services. This article refutes this idea, instead charting the reasons that Asian countries have better controlled the pandemic including prior experience of pandemics, cultural factors, and various successful public health policies. The article concludes by looking at the example of Trump and demonstrating the inadequacies of the business model for dealing with the coronavirus pandemic.

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14

Mayangsari, Fauziah Rohmatika. "Australia Government Response to COVID-19: Coordination and the Effectivity of Policy." Jurnal Global & Strategis 14, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jgs.14.2.2020.279-296.

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Abstrak Artikel ini mendeskripsikan respon pemerintah Australia terhadap pandemi COVID-19. ini Respon kebijakan pemerintah yang menjadi fokus adalah pengelolaan risiko di tiga sektor utama: kesehatan masyarakat, sistem kesehatan nasional, dan keberlangsungan perekonomian negara. Artikel ini kemudian menjelaskan bagaimana Australia dianggap sebagai salah satu contoh negara yang sukses dalam menangani pandemi COVID-19. Kebijakan untuk menutup perbatasan sejak dini dan penyusunan kebijakan terkoordinasi yang berdasar saran para ahli merupakan beberapa kunci kesuksesan Australia. Selain itu, kepatuhan masyarakat turut mendukung keberhasilan implementasi dari kebijakan pemerintahan. Namun, kepatuhan penduduk Australia merupakan hasil dari rasa percaya terhadap kemampuan pemerintah untuk menangani krisis. Berbagai faktor tersebut membuat Australia berhasil melandaikan kurva COVID-19 dalam waktu kurang dari enam bulan. Walaupun masih cukup dini untuk mengidentifikasi pelajaran yang bisa diambil dari Australia, namun dapat dikatakan bahwa di tengah pandemi dan krisis, pemerintah harus bekerja bersama dengan masyarakat agar kebijakan yang telah disusun dapat diimplementasikan dengan baik. Kata-kata kunci: COVID-19; respon pandemi; Australia This article describes the Australian Government’s responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus is on the policy responses to mitigate the risk in three main sectors: people’s health, national health system, and economic livelihoods. It discusses how Australia’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic is among the few successful cases in the world. Australia’s early border closure and coordinated policy measures with the experts are among the key behind Australia’s success. Besides, Australian public compliance further supports the implementation of government policy. Such compliance is the result of people’s trust in the Government’s capability to tackle the crisis. As a consequence, Australia has succeeded in flattening the curve within less than six months. Although it is relatively early to identify the lessons learned from Australia, it is safe to say that during pandemic and crisis, in order to make the policy works, the Government needs to work together with the public. Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic response; Australia

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15

Desierto, Desiree, and Mark Koyama. "Health vs. Economy: Politically Optimal Pandemic Policy." Journal of Political Institutions and Political Economy 1, no. 4 (2020): 645–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/113.00000026.

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16

Harper, D. R., L. M. Davies, E. M. Gadd, and S. C. Costigan. "Science into policy: preparing for pandemic influenza." Journal of Public Health 30, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 373–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdn049.

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17

Kleinman, Mark. "Policy challenges for the post-pandemic city." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 47, no. 7 (September 2020): 1136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808320950252.

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18

Mau, V. A. "Coronavirus pandemic and trends of economic policy." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2021-3-5-30.

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The paper deals with social and economic consequences of COVID-19 in the context of long-term trends of economic development. The current crisis is compared with economic and war cataclysms of 20th—21st centuries. Special attention is paid to types of anti-crisis policies as well as to relations between anti-crisis (short-term) and modernization (medium-term) challenges. The paper discusses the influence of pandemic on budget and monetary policies, trends of globalization, and new approaches to government regulation of economic development.

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19

Dewi, Maya Puspita, and Muh Barid Nizarudin Wajdi. "Distance Learning Policy During Pandemic Covid-19." EDUTEC : Journal of Education And Technology 4, no. 3 (March 16, 2021): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29062/edu.v4i3.192.

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This study aims to analyze the learning process online, supporting factors and factors inhibiting teachers in carrying out online learning during the covid-19 pandemic. This research was conducted in several elementary schools in Nganjuk district which is calculated from September to January 2021. This study uses a type of descriptive qualitative method research. The subjects used in this study were primary school teachers and some education-related policymakers. Data collection techniques used in this study in the form of open questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, documentation and field records. The result of this study is that the covid-19 pandemic has a huge impact on the learning process, learning that is usually carried out directly is now diverted into online learning. Students feel bored and bored during the learning. Online learning for primary school-age children is less effective. There are several factors supporting teachers in the online learning process, namely the availability of mobile phones, quotas and a stable internet network. In addition to the supporting factors in online learning there are also several factors inhibiting teachers in online learning. The inhibitory factors include that not all students have mobile phones and many parents are busy working.it is necessary to government from various parties, both from the government as the regulatory holder and the community as policy users. so it is expected that both can synergize and maximize the academic potential of students.

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20

Burnworth, Melinda J., Kathleen Donley, John Hertig, Janet Lee, Youngji (Amy) Lee, Jeffrey Little, and Tyler A. Vest. "Pandemic and beyond: policy and advocacy matters." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 78, no. 14 (March 27, 2021): 1268–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxab129.

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21

Pobedkin, Aleksandr Viktorovich, Andrey Petrovich Fil’chenko, Tatyana Valentinovna Pinkevich, Natalia Eduardovna Martynenko, and Vladimir Yurievich Zhandrov. "Criminal policy of Russia during a pandemic." SHS Web of Conferences 108 (2021): 02017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110802017.

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The consequence of the pandemic caused by COVID-19 was the introduction of social restrictions, which led to an increase in the number of users of social networks, as well as their activity on the Internet. The involvement of citizens in the digital environment has changed the targets of criminal efforts of the criminals. The public’s fear of the coronavirus was subjected to criminal exploitation, new forms and methods of theft appeared, as a result, the spectrum of crime shifted to the criminal use of information and communication technologies (hereinafter – ICT. The purpose of the study is to analyze the dynamics of the indicators of Russian crime during the pandemic, to assess the adopted criminal-political decisions in terms of adequacy to the changes in crime, to develop on this basis the proposals for criminal law improvement able to increase the consistency of the current Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and its compliance with the requirements of the criminal-political situation in Russia. The assessment of the sectoral structure consistency in the regulation of criminal liability for committing crimes in the special conditions of a pandemic was used as the main research method. The research was carried out by the authors based on the dialectical method, which made it possible to manage changes in social reality by means of legal response, other scientific methods: sociological, modeling, concrete historical, comparative were applied as well. The results obtained showed that overcoming the negative changes in crime requires adjusting the vector of criminal policy from liberalization towards tightening in relation to crimes committed using ICT. It is proposed to expand the list of aggravating circumstances, limit the use of some mechanisms for terminating criminal liability associated with exemption from it, and review the possibilities of applying conditional conviction to persons who have committed crimes in a pandemic, up to and including refusal of this form of implementation of criminal liability. The formulated new proposals for improving the General Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation restore the consistency of the criminal law and increase the consistency of criminal-political decisions during a pandemic.

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22

Dewi, Arlina, Achmad Nurmandi, Erna Rochmawati, Eko Priyo Purnomo, Muhammad Dimas Rizqi, Abitassha Azzahra, Samantha Benedictos, Wahdania Suardi, and Dyah Tri Kusuma Dewi. "Global policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: proportionate adaptation and policy experimentation: a study of country policy response variation to the COVID-19 pandemic." Health Promotion Perspectives 10, no. 4 (November 7, 2020): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2020.54.

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Background: Concern for the development of actions against COVID-19 has continued to grow since February 2020. Government responses remain a crucial part of preventing virus transmission through policy formulation and strengthening national capacity. Methods: This study has used quantitative analysis, using secondary data from 177 countries. The variables consist of Global Health Security (GHS) category and COVID-19 pandemic. An analysis of the appropriateness of the government’s policy response in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic was carried out by comparing the two variables. Results: The study indicated a significant relationship between global health security category and pandemic score (P < 0.01). There were 37 countries out of 177 (20.9%) categorized as under-reaction and least-reaction. Conclusion: Pandemic COVID-19 score, rated based on doubling time, is directly significant with the health security category. The government should improve its responsiveness and preparation to improve national capacity during the novel coronavirus pandemic.

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23

Maskály, Jon, Sanja Kutnjak Ivković, and Peter Neyroud. "Policing the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploratory Study of the Types of Organizational Changes and Police Activities Across the Globe." International Criminal Justice Review 31, no. 3 (April 28, 2021): 266–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10575677211012807.

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The COVID-19 pandemic upended major facets of global society, including policing. This study describes three types of changes that police agencies in counties worldwide made. First, how have various domains of policing changed and how much did they change? Second, were these changes regulated by the official policy? Third, what are the potential consequences of the changes made during the pandemic? Taking a mixed-methods approach, our quantitative survey data from 27 countries, buttressed by qualitative responses, enable us to examine changes in these three areas. Our results suggest there is a great deal of heterogeneity in the degree of change, the use of policy to make the changes, and the perceived effects of the changes. Some changes (i.e., the use of personal protective equipment) are relatively ubiquitous and common sense based on the pandemic. Other organizational changes show a great deal more variation, especially when considering the valence of the change. Finally, the police executives from these countries express a highly optimistic—and potentially overly rosy—view of the potential longer term consequences of the pandemic or the operational changes made because of it. Overall, the results paint a more complicated picture of the responses to the pandemic made by the police organizations included in our sample. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for future research, police practice, and the development of policy.

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Dzigbede, Komla D., and Rahul Pathak. "COVID-19 economic shocks and fiscal policy options for Ghana." Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management 32, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 903–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-07-2020-0127.

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PurposeThis article examines the fiscal challenges the coronavirus pandemic poses in African countries, using Ghana as a case study and summarizes the country's immediate monetary and fiscal responses to the pandemic. The article also discusses the potential impacts of coronavirus-related shocks on the Ghana economy and policy options the national government may pursue to counteract the pandemic's adverse long-term effects.Design/methodology/approachThe article uses daily and monthly economic indicators to assess the immediate impact of the pandemic on Ghana's economy. The article also uses latest data from the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS) to simulate potential shocks to the economy related to the coronavirus crisis and examines the outcomes from a potential government response that expands spending on an existing direct social assistance program.FindingsThe authors find that the coronavirus pandemic is associated with a significant increase in Ghana's poverty measures over time, and an expansion in government spending under an existing cash transfer program would partly offset the economic shocks related to the crisis and improve outcomes for poverty and inequality. The authors also argue that other well-targeted expenditure and revenue policies will support long-term economic resilience.Research limitations/implicationsThe research suggests that a temporary expansion of the existing program of direct cash payments to poor households may be an effective social protection policy, as are well-targeted revenue and spending policies that support economic recovery and long-term fiscal sustainability.Practical implicationsThe findings imply that while the pandemic might cause severe shocks in the economy, well-targeted spending and revenue policies that are anchored in sound macroeconomic management can promote economic resilience and long-term fiscal sustainability.Social implicationsPublic managers must ensure that national policy responses to the coronavirus pandemic consider socio-economic indicators, such as poverty and income inequality.Originality/valueThe authors present research that uses novel household-level data and an evidence-based microsimulation framework to articulate potential public policy strategies that can guide national responses to, and recovery from, the coronavirus pandemic.

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25

Gupta, Shiv Dutt, Rohit Jain, and Sunil Bhatnagar. "COVID-19 Pandemic in Rajasthan: Mathematical Modelling and Social Distancing." Journal of Health Management 22, no. 2 (June 2020): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972063420935537.

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Background: Mathematical modelling of epidemics and pandemics serves as an input to policymakers and health planners for preparedness and planning for the containment of infectious diseases and their progression in the population. The susceptible–exposed–infectious/asymptomatic–recovered social distancing (SEIAR-SD) model, an extended application of the original Kermack–McKendrick and Fred Brauer models, was developed to predict the incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic and its progression and duration in the state of Rajasthan, India. Objective: The study aimed at developing a mathematical model, the SEIAR-SD model, of the COVID-19 pandemic in the state of Rajasthan, for predicting the number of cases, progression of the pandemic and its duration. Materials and methods: The SEIAR-SD model was applied for different values of population proportion, symptomatic and asymptomatic cases and social distancing parameters to evaluate the effect of variations in the number of infected persons, size of the pandemic and its duration, with value of other parameters fixed in the model. Actual reported cases were plotted and juxtaposed on the prediction models for comparison. Results: Social distancing was the crucial determinant of the magnitude of COVID-19 cases, the progression of the pandemic and its duration. In the absence of any proven treatment or vaccine, effective social distancing would reduce the number of infections and shorten the peak and duration of the pandemic. Loosening social distancing will increase the number of cases and lead to a heightened peak and prolonged duration of the pandemic. Conclusions: In the absence of an effective treatment or a vaccine against COVID-19, social distancing (lockdown) and public health interventions—case detection with testing and isolation, contact tracing and quarantining—will be crucial for the prevention of the spread of the pandemic and for saving lives.

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Mathews, Maria, Sarah Spencer, Lindsay Hedden, Emily Gard Marshall, Julia Lukewich, Leslie Meredith, Dana Ryan, et al. "Development of a primary care pandemic plan informed by in-depth policy analysis and interviews with family physicians across Canada during COVID-19: a qualitative case study protocol." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (July 2021): e048209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048209.

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IntroductionGiven the recurrent risk of respiratory illness-based pandemics, and the important roles family physicians play during public health emergencies, the development of pandemic plans for primary care is imperative. Existing pandemic plans in Canada, however, do not adequately incorporate family physicians’ roles and perspectives. This policy and planning oversight has become increasingly evident with the emergence of the novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, pandemic. This study is designed to inform the development of pandemic plans for primary care through evidence from four provinces in Canada: British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Ontario.Methods and analysisWe will employ a multiple-case study of regions in four provinces. Each case consists of a mixed methods design which comprises: (1) a chronology of family physician roles in the COVID-19 pandemic response; (2) a provincial policy analysis; and (3) qualitative interviews with family physicians. Relevant policy and guidance documents will be identified through targeted, snowball and general search strategies. Additionally, these policy documents will be analysed to identify gaps and/or emphases in existing policies and policy responses. Interviews will explore family physicians’ proposed, actual and potential roles during the pandemic, the facilitators and barriers they have encountered throughout and the influence of gender on their professional roles. Data will be thematically analysed using a content analysis framework, first at the regional level and then through cross-case analyses.Ethics and disseminationApproval for this study has been granted by the Research Ethics of British Columbia, the Health Research Ethics Board of Newfoundland and Labrador, the Nova Scotia Health Authority Research Ethics Board and the Western University Research Ethics Board. Findings will be disseminated via conferences and peer-reviewed publications. Evidence and lessons learnt will be used to develop tools for government ministries, public health units and family physicians for improved pandemic response plans for primary care.

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Hadna, Agus Heruanto. "Policy Formulation During Pandemic COVID-19: A New Evidence of Multiple Streams Theory from Yogyakarta, Indonesia." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 11, no. 3 (August 21, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v11i3.18741.

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This study aims to answer how the policy formulation process resolves the pandemic's impact in DIY Province, Indonesia, in 2020. DIY is chosen as the case in this study because the governor is also a king in this region. It was also considered the best province in handling the pandemic Covid-19 in 2020. This study used multiple streams proposed by John W. Kingdon to elaborate on the policy formulation process. This research method is qualitative, conducted using an online questionnaire, in-depth interview, documentary from March to October 2020. It found that policy, problems, and political streams overlapped in a policy window, i.e., pandemic crisis, as a common concern that must be addressed immediately. The new finding is that the government administration system that combines monarchy and decentralization models has encouraged crises to be resolved more quickly through an integrated multiple streams formulation. The other new finding is the governor, as a policymaker, can take advantage of the pandemic as a policy window to act as the sole policy entrepreneur.

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Katapally, Tarun R. "A Global Digital Citizen Science Policy to Tackle Pandemics Like COVID-19." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 5 (May 26, 2020): e19357. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19357.

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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is an extremely complex existential threat that requires cohesive societal effort to address health system inefficiencies. When our society has faced existential crises in the past, we have banded together by using the technology at hand to overcome them. The COVID-19 pandemic is one such threat that requires not only a cohesive effort, but also enormous trust to follow public health guidelines, maintain social distance, and share necessities. However, are democratic societies with civil liberties capable of doing this? Mobile technology has immense potential for addressing pandemics like COVID-19, as it gives us access to big data in terms of volume, velocity, veracity, and variety. These data are particularly relevant to understand and mitigate the spread of pandemics such as COVID-19. In order for such intensive and potentially intrusive data collection measures to succeed, we need a cohesive societal effort with full buy-in from citizens and their representatives. This article outlines an evidence-based global digital citizen science policy that provides the theoretical and methodological foundation for ethically sourcing big data from citizens to tackle pandemics such as COVID-19.

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Rhodes, Tim, Kari Lancaster, Shelley Lees, and Melissa Parker. "Modelling the pandemic: attuning models to their contexts." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 6 (June 2020): e002914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002914.

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The evidence produced in mathematical models plays a key role in shaping policy decisions in pandemics. A key question is therefore how well pandemic models relate to their implementation contexts. Drawing on the cases of Ebola and influenza, we map how sociological and anthropological research contributes in the modelling of pandemics to consider lessons for COVID-19. We show how models detach from their implementation contexts through their connections with global narratives of pandemic response, and how sociological and anthropological research can help to locate models differently. This potentiates multiple models of pandemic response attuned to their emerging situations in an iterative and adaptive science. We propose a more open approach to the modelling of pandemics which envisages the model as an intervention of deliberation in situations of evolving uncertainty. This challenges the ‘business-as-usual’ of evidence-based approaches in global health by accentuating all science, within and beyond pandemics, as ‘emergent’ and ‘adaptive’.

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Torrie, Carmen, Sharon Yanicki, Monique Sedgwick, and Lisa Howard. "Social justice in pandemic immunization policy: We’re all in this together." Nursing Ethics 28, no. 6 (February 1, 2021): 924–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733020983395.

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Policy decisions regarding immunization during a pandemic are informed by the ethical understandings of policy makers. With the possibility that a vaccine might soon be available to mitigate the deadly COVID-19 pandemic, policy makers can consider learnings from past pandemic immunization campaigns. This critical analysis of three policy decisions made in Alberta, Canada, during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic demonstrates the predominance of distributive justice principles and the problems that this created for vulnerable groups. Vulnerable groups identified in Alberta include rural and First Nations populations. We propose a social justice approach as a viable alternative to inform pandemic immunization policy and invite debate.

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Kusuma, Aji Ratna, and Paisal Akbar. "Policy Response and Collaboration in Handling Covid-19 East Kutai Regency With An Adaptive Governance Approach in Disasters." Jurnal Borneo Administrator 17, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24258/jba.v17i2.866.

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The current COVID-19 pandemic condition requires the Indonesian government to act quickly and effectively in dealing with the threat of a crisis; for this reason, the concept of adaptive governance promises a more innovative approach in an effective way to deal with a complex environment. Adaptation in governance is carried out by producing policy products that are swift, efficient, and effective in handling the COVID-19 pandemic. This research aims to find out how the local government of East Kutai Regency applies the concept of adaptive governance with the scope of policies and collaboration between parties in handling the COVID-19 Pandemic. The benefits of research will fill the space for scientific studies related to adaptive governance approaches in handling pandemics through policy products and collaboration between parties within the most basic scope, namely the East Kutai Regency level. This research is qualitative research with the descriptive method; the approach used in this research is a case study approach. For research data analysis, this study used Qualitative Data Software Analysis (QDSA) NVivo 12 Plus. The study results show that the five agencies have carried out their roles to provide adaptive governance. Of the six indicators, each agency has a different percentage level. There are tons of steps that have been taken to prevent the spread and handling of COVID-19 by the government and agencies, as well as layers of society. The involvement of Task Force Teams at all levels, the Police, Military District Commands, Community Organizations, NGOs, and Companies in assisting the prevention and handling of the COVID-19 pandemic running the East Kutai District Health Office shows a form of participation and collaboration in handling the COVID-19 pandemic health disaster. Which is an essential value in realizing adaptive governance.

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Workman, Erin, Peter Vandenberg, and Madeline Crozier. "Drafting Pandemic Policy: Writing and Sudden Institutional Change." Journal of Business and Technical Communication 35, no. 1 (September 21, 2020): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1050651920959194.

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This article reports findings from an institutional ethnography of university stakeholders’ writing in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, illustrating the affordances of this methodology for professional and technical communication. Drawing on interview transcripts with faculty and administrators from across the university, the authors contextualize the role of writing in the iterative, collaborative, distributed writing processes by which the university transitioned from a traditional A–F grading scheme to a pass or fail option in just a few business days. They analyze these stakeholders’ experiences, discussing some effects of this accelerated timeline on policy development, writing processes, and uses of writing technologies within this new context of remote teaching and learning.

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Rourke, Michelle, Mark Eccleston-Turner, Alexandra Phelan, and Lawrence Gostin. "Policy opportunities to enhance sharing for pandemic research." Science 368, no. 6492 (May 14, 2020): 716–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb9342.

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Yin, Yian, Jian Gao, Benjamin F. Jones, and Dashun Wang. "Coevolution of policy and science during the pandemic." Science 371, no. 6525 (January 7, 2021): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abe3084.

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Felländer-Tsai, Li. "Pandemic pressure: policy, politics, profession, and rapid publication." Acta Orthopaedica 91, no. 3 (April 14, 2020): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17453674.2020.1753162.

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Seetoh, Theresa, Marco Liverani, and Richard Coker. "Framing risk in pandemic influenza policy and control." Global Public Health 7, no. 7 (August 2012): 717–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2012.699541.

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Fasth, Tobias, Marcus Ihlar, and Lisa Brouwers. "VirSim - a Model to Support Pandemic Policy Making." PLoS Currents 2 (September 22, 2010): RRN1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/currents.rrn1181.

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Fuchs, Victor R. "Health Care Policy After the COVID-19 Pandemic." JAMA 324, no. 3 (July 21, 2020): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.10777.

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Neuzil, Kathleen M. "Pandemic Influenza Vaccine Policy — Considering the Early Evidence." New England Journal of Medicine 361, no. 25 (December 17, 2009): e59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejme0908224.

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Ricketts, Thomas C., and Kristen L. Dubay. "Policy Forum: Pandemic Influenza Preparedness in North Carolina." North Carolina Medical Journal 68, no. 1 (January 2007): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18043/ncm.68.1.31.

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Aaslund, Håvard. "Policy responses: Social work in a pandemic panopticon." Qualitative Social Work 20, no. 1-2 (March 2021): 320–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325020986014.

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Sharfstein, Joshua M. "Child Health Policy and the COVID-19 Pandemic." JAMA Health Forum 2, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): e212921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.2921.

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Szymborski, Janusz. "Poland’s population policy during the COVID-19 pandemic." Journal of Health Inequalities 7, no. 1 (2021): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/jhi.2021.107952.

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Parajuli, John Narayan. "Nepal’s Post Pandemic Diplomacy." Journal of Foreign Affairs 1, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jofa.v1i1.36255.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of priortising health and other social and environmental issues and treating them as national security concerns. Taking a small state policy capacity approach-a small state’s ability to make informed policy decisions, this article looks at the nascent efforts being made to pursue regional cooperation in dealing with non-conventional threats in South Asia; and both implications and opportunities for Nepal to diversify its diplomatic engagement with a view to bridging its own domestic capacity gap-heightened by the pandemic. This analytical article argues that this is the right time for Nepal to reframe the issue of health and other emergencies, recalibrate the roles of its domestic institutions and diversify its diplomacy with the regional players and pivotal middle powers for building domestic capacity.

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Study Group Regional Stability in South East Europe. "The Western Balkan Countries in the Face of the Covid-19 Pandemic: Policy Recommendations." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 19, no. 2 (2020): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.19.2.10.

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Musatova, Tatyana Leonidovna. "Economic diplomacy: pandemic effect." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2102-01.

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The article analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic crisis on the foreign policy and diplomacy of states, including economic diplomacy. ED is interpreted as a multi-sided multi-faceted activity, an integral part of foreign policy aimed at protecting the national interests and economic security of the country. Given the interdepartmental nature of the ED, the presence of numerous actors and agents, not only state, but also public and business structures, political and foreign economic coordination on the part of the Foreign Ministries is of great importance, and this role of foreign policy departments is increasing during the pandemic crisis. The activity of the ED of Russia in 2020 was generally successful, among the main results: active participation of diplomats in the anti-epidemic work of the Government of the Russian Federation, including export flights, provision of emergency assistance by compatriots abroad, assistance to foreign countries; measures to promote the Russian vaccine in the world, establish its production abroad, and thus win new world markets for medicines; settlement of the pricing crisis on the world oil market with the leading role of Russia and Saudi Arabia; adjustment of double taxation agreements with a number of foreign countries, taking into account the domestic economic needs of the country; the growing experience of BRICS, this interstate association, which did not know the crisis, including its fight against epidemiological diseases, during the period of Russia’s presidency in the BRICS; further steps to deepen integration within the EAEU; Russia’s success in the eastern direction of foreign policy, in the development of trade exchanges and epidemiological cooperation with the ASEAN and APEC states. The new world crisis has become a catalyst for the convergence of ED methods with scientific and public diplomacy, with other diplomatic cultures that can be combined under the general name of civil diplomacy. Such a separation is required to protect the legacy of professional diplomacy, the popularity and use of which methods is growing significantly. ED, as an integral part of official diplomacy, is presented as a mediator between classical and civil diplomacy. It provides civil society with an example of the more rigorous, pragmatic, resultsoriented work that the current pandemic crisis requires.

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Cave, Emma. "Voluntary vaccination: the pandemic effect." Legal Studies 37, no. 2 (June 2017): 279–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lest.12144.

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Justification of a voluntary vaccination policy in England and Wales rests on tenuous foundations. Two arguments against voluntary vaccination are gaining ground. The first is that globalisation necessitates preparedness strategies for pandemics. Assuming sufficient supply, compulsory vaccination of adults and children constitutes a potential policy option in the context of a severe, vaccine-preventable pandemic outbreak. The second argument is that children have a right to preventive medicine and thus to vaccination. The influence of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and its emphasis on parents as the trustees of their children's best interests, and the increasingly global nature of our collective and individual responsibilities with respect to the transmission of vaccine-preventable disease present challenges to the right to refuse vaccination on our own behalf and on behalf of our children. Exploring methods of compulsion and persuasion utilised across Europe, the USA and Australia, this paper argues that necessity and proportionality must be reassessed, and national public health law and policy setting out a graduated and proportionate approach to compulsory vaccination developed as a matter of priority.

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Traynor, Kate. "Pandemic exerts emotional toll." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 77, no. 17 (August 6, 2020): 1368–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxaa260.

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Latif, Ahmed S. "The Pandemic of HIV Infection." Journal of Health Management 5, no. 2 (October 2003): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097206340300500202.

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Gupta, Shiv Dutt. "Ravaging Pandemic of COVID-19." Journal of Health Management 22, no. 2 (June 2020): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972063420951876.

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