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Journal articles on the topic 'Pancreas'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

OUAHAB, Ilhem, and Abdelaziz BEHAR. "Pancreas divisum. An acute panreatitis like no other!" Batna Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS) 5, no. 1 (December 25, 2018): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.48087/bjmscr.2018.5124.

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Le pancreas divisum est une cause rare de pancréatite aigüe. C’est la malformation congénitale du pancréas la plus fréquente atteignant 5 à 15 % des sujets, devant le pancréas aberrant et le pancréas annulaire. Cette malformation résulte de l'absence de fusion embryologique des bourgeons pancréatiques ventral et dorsal qui conservent ainsi une autonomie de drainage. Généralement, le pancreas divisum est asymptomatique ou il se manifeste par une pancréatite aigüe récidivante. Le diagnostic positif est confirmé par la cholangio-wirsungo-IRM. La chirurgie est le traitement de référence ; elle ne s’adresse qu’aux patients symptomatiques. Nous présentons le cas clinique d’une patiente de 42 ans qui présentait une pancréatite aigüe récidivante où la cholangio-IRM objectivait le pancreas divisum. Le traitement chirurgical réglait le problème de notre patiente avec des résultats satisfaisants.

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2

Arzumanov, S. V., Ya G. Moysyuk, and S. V. Gautier. "INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS UPON DECISION ON PANCREAS ALLOGRAFT SUITABILITY." Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 17, no. 2 (May 26, 2015): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2015-2-30-38.

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AAim. To identify factors influencing upon decision on pancreas allograft suitability for transplant and their clinical significance. Materials and methods. We reviewed 95 multiorgan donors under the age of 45, who were considered as pancreas donor between January 2010 and December 2013. 28 pancreata were procured (Group I), 67 pancreata were refused (Group II). Demographic, clinical and laboratory data, anatomical hepatopancreatoduodenal varieties were taken into account. Results. We found that only three factors have an effect on pancreas allograft refusal probability. According to our data, non-transplantation of the liver from the same donor increases the pancreas graft refusal in 4 times. Elevated donor’s sodium and urea blood levels also increase the probability of donor pancreas denial for transplantation. For example, the probability of pancreas graft refusal from the donor with sodium level 145 mmol/l and urea level 6.0 mol/l is only 32%. As compared to the donor with sodium level 160 mmol/l and urea 12.0 mol/l where probability reaches 85%. Other factors: demographic, laboratory, clinical indicators, gepatopancreatoduodenal blood supply variations were not predictive for the procurement decision. Conclusion. Main predictors of pancreas allograft refusal to be taken into account, appropriate correction of donor metabolic disturbances and sufficient experience of the surgeon performing the procurement can increase the availability of pancreas transplantation.

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Hambal, M., H. Marwadi, F. Farida, S. Sugito, A. Amiruddin, and H. Vanda. "Pathological findings of bovine pancreatic lesions induced by Eurytrema pancreticum in Aceh cattle, Sumatra." BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 25, no. 1 (2022): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2020-0037.

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Great losses of cattle and other ruminants due to Eurytrema pancreaticum have been recorded in Indonesia and other countries in Southeast Asia. The objective of this study was to examine histological alterations after E. pancreaticum infection in cattle. This study analysed the pathological changes of pancreas in 153 cattle sampled randomly at slaughterhouses in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Samples were obtained during one year as part of routine meat inspection. The samples of cattle pancreas were obtained from slaughterhouse in Banda Aceh and examined for eurytrematosis. The number of infected pancreases was 64 out of 153 (41.8%). The pancreases indicated some alterations including macroscopic colour changes of the pancreatic capsular surface, followed by the production of mucus on the surface. Some adult flukes were found in the capsular surface of the pancreas together with fluke eggs. The dissected pancreases were prepared for histopathological study for each segment, and then observed under microscope. The implications of findings from histopathologic analyses of the pancreas are discussed.

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4

Shah, S., and R. S. Bhandari. "Annular pancreas in a patient with malignant obstructive jaundice: A case report." Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 39, no. 3 (July 18, 2024): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.59779/jiomnepal.813.

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Majority of cases with annular pancreas are asymptomatic. Common presentations in symptomatic patients are abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Jaundice is very rare presentation of annular pancreas. We are presenting a case of 40 years male with annular pancrea. He presented with jaundice, anorexia and weight loss. Contrast enhanced computed tomography shows annular pancreas with extrahepatic as well as intrahepatic bile duct dilatation. Magnetic resonant cholangiopancreatography showed abrupt narrowing of distal common bile duct with upstream dilation of biliary duct suggestive of distal cholangiocarcinoma. This case illustrates the important of evaluation for malignant cause of obstructive jaundice in patients with annular pancreas presented with jaundice, anorexia and weight loss.

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5

Arslan, Sibel. "Ectopic mediastinal pancreas." Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 22, no. 1 (January 21, 2014): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2014.5697.

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6

Kinasiewicz, J., M. Sabat, M. Antosiak-Iwańska, E. Godlewska, E. Sitarek, and T. Orłowski. "The influence of porcine pancreas digestion parameters and islet histomorphology on islet isolation outcome." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 14, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10181-011-0034-7.

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The influence of porcine pancreas digestion parameters and islet histomorphology on islet isolation outcomeTransplantation of the pig islets of Langerhans is considered as the future treatment for patients suffering from type Idiabetes mellitus. Despite the adaptation of modified Ricordi method and highly purified collagenase, the results of pancreas digestions are precarious. Selection of proper donor and optimal digestion procedure are fundamental. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of pancreas procuring parameters on pig islets yield. The pancreata were harvested from 69 market sows weighting over 150 kg. After intraductal injection of cold collagenase solution pancreata were transported in UW solution or under conditions of two layer method (TLM). In laboratory pancreata were digested at 37°C according to Ricordi isolation method or stationary in the bottle. The particular parameters of isolation procedure were considered as substantial. Pig weight, volume of infused collagenase solution, TLM application and pancreas dividing before digestion positively affected islet yield. Additionally, the influence of pancreatic islet tissue histomorphology on isolation outcome was studied. Proper donor selection as well as adequate digestion parameters could improve pig islet recovery during islet isolation.

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7

Mahavivola, Ernestho-ghoud Indretsy, Rajaonarison Ny Ony Narindra Lova Hasina, Soilihi Moustafa Abdou, Raveloson Nasolotsiry Enintsoa, Ahmad Ahmad, and Vololontiana Hanta Marie Danielle. "Tumeur intrapapillaire et mucineuse du pancréas comme diagnostic différentiel de pseudokystes du pancréas : à propos d’un cas au Madagascar." Annales Africaines de Medecine 17, no. 1 (January 3, 2024): e5534-e5538. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aamed.v17i1.12.

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Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas (IPMN) is a rare cystic tumor of pancreas. Its incidence increased recently. In the present paper, we report a fortuitous diagnosis of IPMN in a 66-year-old man who underwent an abdominal CT-scan for an unrelated indication. However, confusion should be avoided in the diagnostic between IPMN and more serious pathologies such as pseudocyst and adenocarcinoma of pancreas. Proper recognition of IPMN is important because this rare entity can mislead surgeons into performing unnecessary surgical interventions. Radiologists should not miss this diagnosis even if the disease is asymptomatic. Les tumeurs intra papillaires et mucineuse du pancréas (TIPMP) sont des lésions kystiques rares du pancréas. Nous rapportons un cas de découverte fortuite chez un homme de 66 ans lors d’un scanner abdominal pour une autre indication. La confusion pourrait être évitée en analysant la présentation syndromique avec des anomalies graves telles que les pseudokystes pancréatiques ou l’adénocarcinome du pancréas. La reconnaissance des TIPMP est importante car elle peut être trompeuse pouvant conduire à des interventions chirurgicales inutiles. Les radiologues ne doivent pas méconnaître ces lésions même si asymptomatiques.

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8

Noguchi, Hirofumi. "Pancreas Procurement and Preservation for Islet Transplantation: Personal Considerations." Journal of Transplantation 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/783168.

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Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising option for the treatment of type 1 diabetic patients. After the successful demonstration of the Edmonton protocol, islet transplantation has advanced significantly on several fronts, including improved pancreas procurement and preservation systems. Since we frequently use pancreata from donors after cardiac death in Japan,we have applied thein situregional organ cooling system for pancreas procurement to reduce the warm ischemic time. To reduce the apoptosis of pancreatic tissue during cold preservation, we have applied the ductal injection of preservation solution. For pancreas preservation, we use modified Kyoto solution, which is advantageous at trypsin inhibition and less collagenase inhibition. In this paper, we show pancreas procurement and preservation in our group for islet transplantation.

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9

Laaninen, Matias, Merja Bläuer, Juhani Sand, Isto Nordback, and Johanna Laukkarinen. "Difference in Early Activation of NF-κB and MCP-1 in Acinar-Cell-Rich versus Fibrotic Human Pancreas Exposed to Surgical Trauma and Hypoxia." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/460363.

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Objectives.Previously we have shown that a pancreas with over 40% acinar cells is exposed to postoperative pancreatitis and other complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Our aim was to analyze the expression of NF-κB and MCP-1 in the cut edge of human pancreas after PD in both acinar-cell-rich and fibrotic pancreata.Methods.Several pancreatic samples from six patients, three with acinar-cell-rich and three with fibrotic pancreata, were exposed to surgical trauma in PD, and thereafter to hypoxemia for 15 minutes, 2–2.5 hours, 4 hours, or 6 hours, to mimic postoperative conditions of the pancreatic remnant in a patient. Immunohistochemical analysis of inflammation markers (NF-κB, MCP-1) was performed.Results.In the acinar-cell-rich pancreata, intra-acinar NF-κB and MCP-1 expression increased from mild at 15 minutes to high during the first 4 hours, whereas in ductal cells MCP-1 staining was highly intense at both time points. Acinar cell NF-κB and MCP-1 expression and ductal cell MCP-1 expression were also observed in the fibrotic pancreata, but the activation remained low throughout the 6 hours.Conclusions.In acinar-cell-rich pancreas, an extensive inflammatory cascade begins almost immediately after surgical trauma. Fibrosis may limit the progression of inflammatory process in pancreas.

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10

Morisset, Jean, Helen Wong, John H. Walsh, J. Lainé, and Judith Bourassa. "Pancreatic CCKB receptors: their potential roles in somatostatin release and δ-cell proliferation." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 279, no. 1 (July 1, 2000): G148—G156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.1.g148.

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In rodents, cholecystokinin (CCK) induces pancreatic enzyme secretion and pancreas growth through its CCKA receptors. It is unknown whether occupation of the CCKB receptors present in pig and human pancreas can cause the same effects. This study evaluates CCKB receptor expression in rat, mouse, pig, and fetal human pancreata using Northern blot, Western blot, and immunofluorescence techniques. The reported 2.7-kb CCKBreceptor mRNA transcript in the rat brain and gastric fundus is absent in pancreas; the message was, however, detected by RT-PCR and by a CCKB receptor antibody as an 80-kDa protein present uniquely in islet δ-cells. Proteins of 50 and 80 kDa appear in mouse pancreas, and proteins of 50 and 115 kDa appear in pig and human pancreas, respectively, all localized in islet δ-cells. Gastrin mRNAs are strongly present in fetal rat pancreas, and the hormone is localized in islets; both are repressed 10 days after birth. In conclusion, the CCKB receptors are present in pancreas of four species with exclusive location in islet δ-cells. In such a location, they could be indirectly involved in the control of enzyme secretion.

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11

Jakhar, Bharti, Rashmi Malhotra, Kanchan Bisht, Ravi Kant, Ashok Singh, Kavita Khoiwal, and Brijendra Singh. "HISTOGENESISAND DISTRIBUTION OF ISLETS IN HUMAN FETAL PANCREAS." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 01 (January 31, 2022): 329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14049.

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The pancreas is a mixed exocrine and endocrine gland. Diabetes currently afflicts about 200 million people all over the world, and it is well known that the endocrine component of the pancreas has a direct correlation with the severity, morbidity, and treatment of the disease. Studies conducted in human fetal pancreas are very limited owing to ethical and technical issues. In cases of type I Diabetes mellitus, the knowledge of stepwise histogenesis of the endocrine component would be largely helpful to the surgeons for pancreatic transplant, and planning treatment protocols for pancreatic cancer.Study was performed on 30 aborted fetuses from 12 to 40 weeks, collected from Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Institute, after due permission from institutional research and ethical committee. Pancreatic tissue was processed and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin stains and examined for different components of pancreas correlating with development and distribution of islets.The parenchyma, exocrine and endocrine component of pancreases were observed. There was correlation between histogenesis of pancreas with regard to gestational age, gender, diabetic history of mother, congenital anomalies in fetus and distribution of islets throughout pancreas. Study would be helpful to know about the changes in histological development of fetal pancreas in relation to different gestational age and for planning treatment modalities for Diabetes and pancreatic diseases.

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12

Khorsandi, Layasadat, and Fereshteh Nejad-Dehbashi. "Exendin-4 effects on islet volume and number in mouse pancreas." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 49, no. 4 (December 2013): 745–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502013000400014.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate Exendin-4 (EX-4) effects on islet volume and number in the mouse pancreas. Thirty-two healthy adult male NMRI mice were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. EX-4 was injected intraperitoneally (i. p.) at doses of 0.25 (E1 group), 0.5 (E2 group), and 1 µg/kg (E3 group), twice a day for 7 consecutive days. One day after the final injection, the mice were sacrificed, and the pancreas from each animal dissected out, weighed, and fixed in 10% formalin for measurement of pancreas and islet volume, and determination of islet number by stereological assessments. There was a significant increase in the weight of pancreases in the E3 group. Islet and pancreas volumes in E1 and E2 groups were unchanged compared to the control group. The E3 group showed a significant increase in islet and pancreas volume (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in the total number of islets in all three experimental groups. The results revealed that EX-4 increased pancreas and islet volume in non-diabetic mice. The increased total islet mass is probably caused by islet hypertrophy without the formation of additional islets.

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13

Rouleau, M., R. Namikawa, S. Antonenko, N. Carballido-Perrig, and M. G. Roncarolo. "Antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells mediate human fetal pancreas allograft rejection in SCID-hu mice." Journal of Immunology 157, no. 12 (December 15, 1996): 5710–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.157.12.5710.

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Abstract Human allograft rejection was studied in SCID mice transplanted with human fetal liver and thymus tissue (SCID-hu mice). These SCID-hu mice have functional, mature T cells with a polyclonal TCR repertoire. Within 12 to 36 wk after construction, SCID-hu mice were transplanted with an HLA-mismatched human fetal pancreas. In contrast to control SCID mice transplanted with pancreas alone, cellular infiltration, induction of HLA-DR on pancreatic epithelial cells, and tissue destruction of the allogenic pancreata were observed in SCID-hu mice. In addition, human insulin was not detected in the serum of SCID-hu mice in which pancreas rejection occurred. The infiltrating cells were mainly human CD3+ T lymphocytes of thymic origin, expressing the CD45RO isoform. T cell lines and CD4+ T cell clones obtained from the rejected tissues proliferated vigorously when stimulated with EBV-transformed B cell lines of pancreas donor origin. Furthermore, the majority of these CD4+ T cell clones displayed strong allospecific cytotoxicity. In addition, CD8+ T cell clones cytotoxic for EBV-transformed B cell lines of pancreas donors were isolated. Blocking experiments with anti-HLA mAbs and panel studies with HLA-matched cell lines showed that these CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones were specific for the HLA class II and class I molecules, respectively, expressed by the pancreas donor. These data indicate that human T lymphocytes developing in SCID-hu mice are able to mount in vivo responses against allogenic organs, resulting in tissue infiltration and rejection. In addition, they show that both CD4(+)- and CD8(+)-allospecific CTL can be isolated from rejected allogenic pancreata.

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14

C.M., Simi, K. R. Leenadevi, and Subhalal N. "Endometrial Cyst of Pancreas." Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice 8, no. 1 (2019): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijprp.2278.148x.8119.19.

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15

Sutherland, David E. R. "Pancreas and pancreas-kidney transplantation." Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 7, no. 3 (May 1998): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00041552-199805000-00013.

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16

Kulenović, Amela, and Aida Sarač-Hadžihalilović. "Blood Vessels Distribution in Body and Tail of Pancreas- A Comparative Study of Age Related Variation." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 10, no. 2 (May 20, 2010): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2010.2700.

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Arterial vascularization of the pancreas has been investigated, as well as variation in vascularization of this organ with regard to the existence of age differences. Aim of the investigation was to establish differences, if any, in newborns pancreas vascularization since diseases invading this organ in newborns have increased recently at this particular age. Injection-corrosion method was used on pancreas arteries and their variations. Twenty-four human pancreas specimens were used for this purpose consisting of 24 cadaver organs aged between 45 and 65, and 12 pancreases of still-born babies. Comparison of the findings has shown that there was no difference in the number, ramification pattern and arterial course between the two experimental groups of organs; all possible blood vessel variations were most probably the result of developmental processes which occur during early stages of intrauterine development.

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17

Doroshkevich, S. V., and E. Yu Doroshkevich. "TRAUMATIC MODEL OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC PANCREATITIS." Health and Ecology Issues, no. 1 (March 28, 2009): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2009-6-1-24.

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Surgical methods of modeling of cysts of the acute and chronic pancreases are generalized, the critical estimation is given. The original traumatic way of reproduction of the experimental pancreas, where the basis is the local cold influence on the pancreas of white rat with the help of cryosurgical complex KCH 3A/B is offered. The work was done with the observance of the rules stipulated by the European Commission on supervision of carrying out laboratory and other experiments with participation of experimental animals of different kinds. Cooling was carried out intraoperatively, by the direct contact of the cryosurgical tip with the tissue of the pancreas. The features of morphological changes, depending on the cooling temperature are established. The offered traumatic model of acute and chronic pancreas gives an opportunity to study mechanisms of the origin of the pathology and to approve the ways of the treatment.

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18

Messina-Pacheco, J., and A. Gregorieff. "A57 VANISHING PANCREAS: HIPPO-MEDIATED FOCAL REPLACEMENT OF THE EXOCRINE PANCREAS WITH ADIPOSE TISSUE." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 6, Supplement_1 (March 1, 2023): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwac036.057.

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Abstract Background The pancreas exhibits remarkable inherent cellular plasticity in response to injury. To prevent inflammatory injury or death, acinar cells can undergo transient acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) by suspending normal cell functions and adopting characteristics of ductal cells. However, persistent ADM in the setting of chronic pancreatitis predisposes to pancreatic cancer. Less frequently, acinar cells have also been found to undergo acinar-to-adipocyte transdifferentiation, but the mechanisms and clinical significance of this process are largely unknown. Recent studies have identified that the Hippo signaling pathway and its effectors are vital for pancreatic development and function. Purpose YAP is highly expressed in normal pancreatic ducts and transiently in acinar cells undergoing ADM, suggesting a dual role for YAP in (1) the homeostatic maintenance of pancreatic ductal cells, and (2) the regenerative response to injury in acinar cells. However, little is known about the cell type-specific effects of YAP/TAZ on pancreas homeostasis and regeneration. Method We investigated the homeostatic functions of Yap and Taz in the pancreas by conditionally ablating Yap/Taz in both acinar cells and ductal cells using the previously described CluCreERT mouse line. We also established a pancreatic ductal cell-derived organoid system. The efficiency of in vitro Cre recombinase induction was confirmed in Yapfl/fl;Tazfl/fl;CluCre-ERT;LSL-tdTomato (YTKO) ductal organoids. Result(s) We observed severe atrophy and a pancreatitis-like phenotype in the pancreata of YTKO mice following tamoxifen induction. At later time-points, YTKO pancreata were progressively remodeled – the exocrine pancreas was almost entirely replaced by adipose tissue and large hyperplastic ductal structures. We will perform further lineage tracing experiments to determine whether infiltrating adipose cells derive directly from transdifferentiating acinar cells. YTKO pancreatic ductal organoids exhibited disrupted survival and proliferation, evidenced by increased expression of cleaved Caspase3 and decreased EdU incorporation compared to vehicle-treated controls. Conclusion(s) Although some flexibility in cell fate potential is beneficial for the regenerative capacity of the pancreas, dramatic changes in cellular identity can have disastrous consequences. Overall, this study revealed that disruptions in Hippo signaling in the adult murine pancreas led to failure of regeneration and the complete remodeling of the exocrine pancreas, and has shed light on the previously uncharacterized role of Hippo signaling in acinar-to-adipocyte transdifferentiation. The potential contribution of fatty infiltration of the pancreas to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer merits further exploration. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below CIHR, Other Please indicate your source of funding; Fonds de recherche du Quebec - Sante (FRQS) Disclosure of Interest None Declared CELLULAR & MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY

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van Suylichem, Paul T. R., Jan-Erik H. M. van Deijnen, Gerrit H. J. Wolters, and Reinout van Schilfgaarde. "Amount and Distribution of Collagen in Pancreatic Tissue of Different Species in the Perspective of Islet Isolation Procedures." Cell Transplantation 4, no. 6 (November 1995): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096368979500400610.

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Because collagen is the major target in the enzymatic dissociation of the pancreas for islet isolation, we determined the amount of collagen and its distribution in a comparative study comprising normal pancreata of rat, dog, man, young pig, and adult pig. Collagen content was determined using a colorimetric method and its distribution was assessed in tissue sections stained with Sirius red. The collagen content is relatively low in the rat and adult pig pancreas, and the amount of collagen is relatively low in the septa of the rat and dog pancreas. Not the amount of collagen in the septa but collagen in the rest of the pancreas, mainly located between the acini, seems to determine the dissociation of the pancreatic tissue. This can be exemplified by the higher islet yields obtained from the adult vs. the young pig pancreas; the latter contains a higher total amount of collagen but a similar, relatively high, amount of collagen in the septa. A high amount of collagen surrounding the islets seems to be of secondary importance in islet isolations, because yields of the same magnitude are obtained from the canine and human pancreas containing a relatively low vs. high amount of collagen around the islets but a similar total collagen content. The rat pancreas contains both a low total amount of collagen and a high amount of collagen around the islets; therefore, the general experience that islet isolation procedures are effective in rats can be readily understood.

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20

Georges, Pauline, Roslyn P. Muirhead, Lindy Williams, Sara Holman, Muhammad Tani Tabiin, Sophia K. Dean, and Bernard E. Tuch. "Comparison of Size, Viability, and Function of Fetal Pig Islet-Like Cell Clusters after Digestion Using Collagenase or Liberase." Cell Transplantation 11, no. 6 (September 2002): 539–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/000000002783985477.

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Liberase is a highly purified blend of collagenases that has been specifically developed to eliminate the numerous problems associated with the conventional use of crude collagenase when isolating islet-like cell clusters (ICCs) from pancreases of different species. The influence of Liberase on yield, size, viability, and function of ICCs has been documented when this enzyme was used to digest adult but not fetal pancreases. In this study, we compared the effects of collagenase and Liberase on fetal pig ICCs. A total of eight fetal pig pancreas digestions were analyzed. Fetuses were obtained from Large White Landrace pigs of gestational age 80 ± 2.1 days. The pancreases were digested with either 3 mg/ml collagenase P or 1.2 mg/ml Liberase HI. The time taken to digest the pancreas was shorter for collagenase when compared with Liberase (22 ± 2 vs. 31 ± 2 min). The size of ICCs was similar for both collagenase (83 ± 0.5 μm) and Liberase (79 ± 0.4 μm) as was the number of ICCs produced per pancreas (7653 ± 1297 vs. 8101 ± 1177). Viability, as assessed using fluorescent markers, was slightly greater for Liberase (79 ± 1% vs. 76 ± 1%, p < 0.05). Responsiveness to β-cell stimulus (20 mM KCl) was similar for both methods of isolation, as was the insulin content of the ICCs, both in vitro and at 1 month after transplantation of 1500 ICCs beneath the renal capsule of immunoincompetent mice. Despite the high content of endotoxins in collagenase, the above results show that this enzyme was equally as efficient as Liberase in isolating functional ICCs from fetal pig pancreas.

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21

Takita, Mikako, Erika Jimbo, Tomoyasu Fukui, Kaoru Aida, Akira Shimada, Yoichi Oikawa, Soroku Yagihashi, Junnosuke Miura, Tetsuya Babazono, and Tetsuro Kobayashi. "Unique Inflammatory Changes in Exocrine and Endocrine Pancreas in Enterovirus-Induced Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 104, no. 10 (May 21, 2019): 4282–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-02672.

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Abstract Context There are scant reports on the pathological changes of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas in fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1DM). Objective To clarify the distinct pathological changes in the exocrine as well as the endocrine pancreas shortly after onset of diabetes in FT1DM. Design The exocrine and endocrine pancreases of 3 patients with FT1DM and 17 nondiabetic controls were immunohistochemically examined for islet and exocrine tissue inflammation, infiltrating mononuclear cell (MNC) CD subtype, enterovirus capsid protein 1 (VP1) localization, and CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) expressions. Results The median frequency of insulitis in the 3 FT1DM pancreases was 60%. In the nondiabetic control pancreases, no insulitis was observed. In the islets of FT1DM, the numbers of CD45+, CD3+, CD8+, CD68+, and CD11c+ MNCs were significantly higher than those of the control group. In the exocrine pancreas of FT1DM, the numbers of CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD68+ macrophages, and CD11c+ dendritic cells were significantly higher than those of the control group. Infiltrating CD8+ T cells, CD68+ macrophages, and CD11c+ dendritic cells were observed around exocrine acinar cells in FT1DM. There was a close association between VP1 and CXCL10 expression in pancreatic exocrine ductal cells and acinar cells as well as islet cells in FT1DM. CXCL10+ exocrine cells were surrounded by CXCR3+ T cells. Conclusion The pathological findings suggested that suppression of the activated CXCL10–CXCR3 axis in the exocrine as well as the endocrine pancreas is a novel therapeutic target in FT1DM and possibly in enterovirus-associated acute-onset type 1 diabetes.

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Mills, Jamie N., Joyce Thompson, Jacqueline Morales, Padma Kadiyala, Ahmed M. Elhossiny, Howard Crawford, Eileen Carpenter, Marina Pasca di Magliano, Filip Bednar, and Simone Benitz. "Abstract B113: Characterization of the epigenomic landscape of the human pancreas and early pancreatic neoplastic lesions." Cancer Research 84, no. 2_Supplement (January 16, 2024): B113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.panca2023-b113.

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Abstract Study of early pancreas neoplasia in humans had previously been limited by lack of available tissue. Recent work by our group on deceased donor pancreata identified pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions in non-diseased organs and defined a transcriptomic signature for the microenvironment of these pre-cancerous lesions. Prevalence of PanINs in healthy human tissue was higher than expected and established a novel model to expand understanding of the complex biology of these precursor lesions. Epigenetic changes in chromatin structure and the subsequent effects on gene expression are essential processes in neoplasia that have yet to be described at the single cell level in the human pancreas. We hypothesized that characterization of the epigenomic landscape in donor pancreata would identify differences in chromatin structure and gene expression between healthy human tissue and PanINs, thereby expanding prior knowledge and identifying novel targets of study in the biology of early neoplasia in the pancreas. Single nuclei from five donor pancreata (six total samples including one replicate sample from a single donor pancreas) were isolated for transposase-accessible chromatin preparation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) using the 10x Genomics platform. Data analysis was conducted using CellRanger, Seurat, Signac, and AUCell to identify and label chromatin peaks in individual nuclei corresponding to acinar, ductal, and PanIN origin according to gene signatures identified by scRNA on matched pancreata (Carpenter et al 2023, Cancer Discovery). Using this method, cells corresponding to these gene signatures, including PanIN-like cells, were indeed identified in preliminary analysis. Differentially accessible regions of the genome were then analyzed for motif enrichment between these cell types. Motifs enriched in cells identified as PanINs compared to either ductal or acinar cells included several transcription factors implicated in tumorigenesis, including members of the AP-1/Fos/Jun family and multiple zinc-finger protein family members, such as the KLF. These results are similar to previously demonstrated essential factors in pancreatic neoplasia. Differentially expressed motifs between ductal and acinar cells included factors associated with differentiation, including Myod1, Ptf1a, and the TCF family of transcription factors. Together, this study demonstrates that PanINs can be identified in human pancreas tissue by ATAC-seq and that differentially expressed motifs can be identified this model, providing opportunity for further integration with transcriptomic information to elucidate detailed understanding of early neoplasia in the pancreas. Citation Format: Jamie N. Mills, Joyce Thompson, Jacqueline Morales, Padma Kadiyala, Ahmed M. Elhossiny, Howard Crawford, Eileen Carpenter, Marina Pasca di Magliano, Filip Bednar, Simone Benitz. Characterization of the epigenomic landscape of the human pancreas and early pancreatic neoplastic lesions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Pancreatic Cancer; 2023 Sep 27-30; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B113.

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&NA;. "Pancreas." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 4, no. 5 (September 1988): 881–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198809000-00022.

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Williamson, R. C. N. "Pancreas." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 5, no. 5 (October 1989): 663–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198910000-00011.

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&NA;. "Pancreas." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 5, no. 5 (October 1989): 753–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198910000-00024.

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Braganza, J. M. "Pancreas." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 6, no. 5 (October 1990): 721–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199010000-00011.

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&NA;, &NA;. "Pancreas." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 6, no. 5 (October 1990): 825–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199010000-00025.

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Gorelick, Fred S. "Pancreas." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 7, no. 5 (October 1991): 687–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199110000-00001.

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&NA;. "Pancreas." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 8, no. 5 (October 1992): 869–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199210000-00022.

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Gorelick, Fred S. "Pancreas." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 9, no. 5 (September 1993): 729–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199309000-00001.

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&NA;. "Pancreas." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 9, no. 5 (September 1993): 847–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199309000-00019.

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&NA;. "Pancreas." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 10, no. 5 (September 1994): B153—B160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199409000-00017.

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&NA;. "Pancreas." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 11, no. 5 (September 1995): B76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199509000-00014.

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&NA;, &NA;. "pancreas." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 12, no. 5 (September 1996): B87—B93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199609000-00014.

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&NA;, &NA;. "Pancreas." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 13, no. 5 (September 1997): B117—B135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199709000-00014.

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Owyang, Chung. "Pancreas." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 14, no. 5 (September 1998): 359–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199809000-00001.

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&NA;. "Pancreas." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 14, no. 5 (September 1998): B155—B174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199809000-00013.

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Owyang, Chung. "Pancreas." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 15, no. 5 (September 1999): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199909000-00001.

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Owyang, Chung. "Pancreas." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 16, no. 5 (September 2000): 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-200009000-00001.

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Owyang, Chung. "Pancreas." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 17, no. 5 (September 2001): 407–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-200109000-00001.

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Owyang, Chung. "Pancreas." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 18, no. 5 (September 2002): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-200209000-00001.

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Kandaswamy, R., M. A. Skeans, S. K. Gustafson, R. J. Carrico, M. A. Prentice, A. K. Israni, J. J. Snyder, and B. L. Kasiske. "Pancreas." American Journal of Transplantation 16, S2 (January 2016): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajt.13667.

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Owyang, Chung. "Pancreas." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 24, no. 5 (September 2008): 569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mog.0b013e32830bfb71.

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Susini de Luca, H., and Y. Barbier. "Pancreas." Trait - d'Union 1, no. 2 (May 1986): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0980-9090(86)80022-2.

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Thirugnanasambandam, Ram Prakash, Narayanan Palaniappan, CD Narayanan, and Vembu Radha. "Acute Pancreas to a Cute Pancreas." Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 6, no. 3 (2014): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1305.

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ABSTRACT Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy is rare, with the incidence being 3 in 10,000 pregnancies. Its occurrence is of great concern to clinicians as they are dealing with two lives and increased incidence of morbidity. Here, we report two unique cases of acute pancreatitis in the 3rd trimester. Both presented with symptoms of vomiting and pain abdomen. One patient was a primi at 35 weeks with gestational hypertension on tablet labetalol 50 mg tds, tablet metformin for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and thyroxine replacement for hypothyroidism. Her baseline amylase and lipase values were 157 and 475 respectively. She had emergency lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) for severe oligohydramnios. Intraoperative period was uneventful. The second patient was a primi at 34 weeks and 4 days and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Her baseline amylase and lipase values were 1449 and 550. Patient was induced with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) gel and delivered normally. Both patients were managed conservatively with a multidisciplinary team approach. How to cite this article Thirugnanasambandam RP, Palaniappan N, Narayanan CD, Radha V. Acute Pancreas to a Cute Pancreas. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(3):187-190.

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BECKER, BRYAN N., JON S. ODORICO, YOLANDA T. BECKER, MARILYN GROSHEK, CATHY WERWINSKI, JOHN D. PIRSCH, and HANS W. SOLLINGER. "Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 12, no. 11 (November 2001): 2517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v12112517.

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Schneeberger, Stefan, Robert Öllinger, and Johann Pratschke. "A young pancreas or no pancreas?" Transplant International 26, no. 10 (September 16, 2013): 961–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tri.12162.

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Phillipson-Weiner, Lindsey, Emily T. Mirek, Yongping Wang, W. Geoffrey McAuliffe, Ronald C. Wek, and Tracy G. Anthony. "General control nonderepressible 2 deletion predisposes to asparaginase-associated pancreatitis in mice." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 310, no. 11 (June 1, 2016): G1061—G1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00052.2016.

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Treatment with the antileukemic agent asparaginase can induce acute pancreatitis, but the pathophysiology remains obscure. In the liver of mice, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) kinase general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) is essential for mitigating metabolic stress caused by asparaginase. We determined the consequences of asparaginase treatment on the pancreata of wild-type (WT, GCN2-intact) and GCN2-deleted (Δ Gcn2) mice. Mean pancreas weights in Δ Gcn2 mice treated with asparaginase for 8 days were increased ( P < 0.05) above all other groups. Histological examination revealed acinar cell swelling and altered staining of zymogen granules in Δ Gcn2, but not WT, mice. Oil Red O staining and measurement of pancreas triglycerides excluded lipid accumulation as a contributor to acini appearance. Instead, transmission electron microscopy revealed dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and accumulation of autophagic vacuoles in the pancreas of Δ Gcn2 mice treated with asparaginase. Consistent with the idea that loss of GCN2 in a pancreas exposed to asparaginase induced ER stress, phosphorylation of protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK) and its substrate eIF2 was increased in the pancreas of asparaginase-treated Δ Gcn2 mice. In addition, mRNA expression of PERK target genes, activating transcription factors 4, 3, and 6 ( Atf4, Atf3, and Atf6), fibroblast growth factor 21 ( Fgf21), heat shock 70-kDa protein 5 ( Hspa5), and spliced Xbp1 ( sXbp1), as well as pancreas mass, was elevated in the pancreas of asparaginase-treated Δ Gcn2 mice. Furthermore, genetic markers of oxidative stress [sirtuin ( Sirt1)], inflammation [tumor necrosis factor-α ( Tnfα)], and pancreatic injury [pancreatitis-associated protein ( Pap)] were elevated in asparaginase-treated Δ Gcn2, but not WT, mice. These data indicate that loss of GCN2 predisposes the exocrine pancreas to a maladaptive ER stress response and autophagy during asparaginase treatment and represent a genetic basis for development of asparaginase-associated pancreatitis.

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A, Bajaji. "Bisection, Disjuncture, Aqueduct: Pancreas Divisum." Gastroenterology & Hepatology International Journal 3, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ghij-16000138.

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The conformable congenital anatomic malformation of the pancreas is Pancreas Divisum. Conventionally, the pancreas evolves from the fusion of the dorsal and the ventral pancreatic buds throughout the sixth week of gestation. The dorsal bud structures the head, tail and the body of the pancreas while the ventral bud configures the uncinate process besides the inferior portion of the head. The concurrence of this arrangement permits the amalgamation of the ductal schemata so the major pancreatic duct evacuates the pancreatic secretions into the duodenum through the major duodenal papilla. Comparatively 30% of entities delineate the traditional anatomical derivatives, where the proximal dorsal pancreatic duct prevails as the accessory pancreatic duct and expels through the minor duodenal papilla.

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Pollé, Olivier G., Antoine Delfosse, Nicolas Michoux, Frank Peeters, Gaetan Duchêne, Jacques Louis, Brieuc Van Nieuwenhuyse, Philippe Clapuyt, and Philippe A. Lysy. "Pancreas Imaging of Children with Type 1 Diabetes Reveals New Patterns and Correlations with Pancreatic Functions." Pediatric Diabetes 2023 (September 22, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3295812.

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Context. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a heterogeneous disease affecting the islets and the exocrine pancreas. How the topographical distribution of the involved tissue lesions correlates with the patient phenotype and pancreas functions is uncertain. Objective. To perform a longitudinal characterization of the pancreas in patients with new-onset T1D and investigate the correlations between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters and pancreatic functions during the first year postdiagnosis. Methods. Thirty-one pediatric patients with new-onset T1D and 29 retrospective age-, body mass index-, and sex-matched controls were included in the study. Following hypotheses were investigated: (H1) the value of pancreas volume (PV) parameters in T1D and in controls, (H2) the association between MRI parameters and markers of pancreatic functions, (H3) the ability of MRI parameters to predict glucose homeostasis, (H4) the longitudinal evolution of MRI parameters and glucose homeostasis, per-organ (whole pancreas) and per-subregion (head, body, and tail). Results. Patients with new-onset T1D demonstrated a significant decrease of PV at diagnosis compared to controls (−45%), with prepubertal patients having increased pancreas atrophy (+25%) (H1). PV parameters were correlated with C-peptide, and trypsinogen (PVTail and PVHead, respectively). Biparametric regression models including MRI parameters predicted pancreas functions during the first year postdiagnosis (H3). Longitudinal evolution of PV parameters at 1 year postdiagnosis was correlated with PV at diagnosis (R = −0.72) but not with markers of glucose homeostasis (H4). Conclusion. Our study shows that longitudinal analysis of pancreases of children with T1D using multiparametric MRI improve the understanding of T1D heterogeneity both in the context of its onset and its evolution.

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