Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pancreas; alcohol; blood flow

Academic literature on the topic 'Pancreas; alcohol; blood flow'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pancreas; alcohol; blood flow"

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Weaver, Fr C. "Blood flow in the atrophied pancreas." Experimental Pathology 38, no. 2 (January 1990): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0232-1513(11)80246-x.

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Studley, J. G. N., R. T. Mathie, and L. H. Blumgart. "Blood flow measurement in the canine pancreas." Journal of Surgical Research 42, no. 1 (January 1987): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4804(87)90071-0.

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Knol, James A., William E. Strodel, and Frederic E. Eckhauser. "Blood flow and distribution in the canine pancreas." Journal of Surgical Research 43, no. 3 (September 1987): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4804(87)90082-5.

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Korsgren, Olle, Rolf Karlsten, Frank Sundler, and Leif Jansson. "BLOOD FLOW REGULATION IN THE TRANSPLANTED FETAL ENDOCRINE PANCREAS." Transplantation 61, no. 5 (March 1996): 772–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007890-199603150-00017.

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Caspari, D., W. Trabert, N. Lion, H. Henkes, and G. Huber. "REGIONAL CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW DURING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL." Clinical Neuropharmacology 15 (1992): 229B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002826-199202001-00441.

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Ulrich-Baker, M. G., M. E. Hollwarth, P. R. Kvietys, and D. N. Granger. "Blood flow responses to small bowel resection." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 251, no. 6 (December 1, 1986): G815—G822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1986.251.6.g815.

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The objective of this study was to determine whether the gastrointestinal blood flow response to small bowel resection is related to the compensatory hyperplasia resulting from resection. In one group of rats, a laparotomy was performed and 80% of the small bowel resected, reanastomosing proximal jejunum with distal ileum. In the second group (controls), a transection followed by reanastomosis was performed either in the jejunum or ileum. One, two, three, or five days later, the animals were anesthetized, and blood flows to the stomach, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and pancreas were measured using the radioactive microsphere technique. Samples of these tissues were obtained for determination of thymidine incorporation and DNA content. Growth, as evidenced by increases in tissue weight, DNA content, and rate of DNA synthesis, occurred in all tissues. Blood flow was elevated in the pancreas and in bowel segments (ileum and cecum) distal to the site of resection. Gastric, jejunal and colonic blood flows were not affected by bowel resection, in spite of similar trophic changes. Paired-value analyses did not reveal any correlation between blood flow and rate of DNA synthesis. The results of these studies suggest that humoral, rather than metabolic, factors are responsible for the gastrointestinal and pancreatic hyperemia that occurs after small bowel resection.
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Boden, G. "Glucose metabolism and leg blood flow after pancreas/kidney transplantation." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 76, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 1229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.76.5.1229.

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Boden, G., R. DeSantis, X. Chen, M. Morris, and F. Badoza. "Glucose metabolism and leg blood flow after pancreas/kidney transplantation." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 76, no. 5 (May 1993): 1229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.76.5.8496315.

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Aharinejad, S., I. C. MacDonald, and A. Miksovsky. "Morphologic sites for regulating blood flow in the exocrine pancreas." Microscopy Research and Technique 37, no. 5-6 (June 1, 1997): 434–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19970601)37:5/6<434::aid-jemt7>3.0.co;2-d.

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von Ritter, C., R. A. Hinder, W. Womack, P. Bauerfeind, C. J. Fimmel, P. R. Kvietys, D. N. Granger, and A. L. Blum. "Microsphere estimates of blood flow: methodological considerations." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 254, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): G275—G279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1988.254.2.g275.

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The microsphere technique is a standard method for measuring blood flow in experimental animals. Sporadic reports have appeared outlining the limitations of this method. In this study we have systematically assessed the effect of blood withdrawals for reference sampling, microsphere numbers, and anesthesia on blood flow estimates using radioactive microspheres in dogs. Experiments were performed on 18 conscious and 12 anesthetized dogs. Four blood flow estimates were performed over 120 min using 1 X 10(6) microspheres (15 microns) each time. The effects of excessive numbers of microspheres (13 million), pentobarbital sodium anesthesia (30 mg/kg), and replacement of volume loss for reference samples with dextran 70 were assessed. In both conscious and anesthetized dogs a progressive decrease in gastric mucosal blood flow and cardiac output was observed over 120 min. This was also observed in the pancreas in conscious dogs. The major factor responsible for these changes was the volume loss due to reference sample withdrawals. Replacement of the withdrawn blood with dextran 70 led to stable blood flows to all organs. The injection of excessive numbers of microspheres did not modify hemodynamics to a greater extent than did the injection of 4 million microspheres. Anesthesia exerted no influence on blood flow other than raising coronary flow. We conclude that although blood flow to the gastric mucosa and the pancreas is sensitive to the minor hemodynamic changes associated with the microsphere technique, replacement of volume loss for reference samples ensures stable blood flow to all organs over a 120-min period.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pancreas; alcohol; blood flow"

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Pettersson, Ulrika. "Blood Flow Regulation and Inflammatory Response in Experimental Models of Diabetes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk cellbiologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-161807.

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Type 2 diabetes is caused by defect pancreatic islet β-cells together with peripheral insulin resistance. The disease is often accompanied by obesity with associated low-grade visceral adipose tissue inflammation, which contributes to insulin resistance. As a consequence of, and a possible compensation for the increased insulin demand, blood flow to the pancreatic islets is increased in animal models of diabetes. This increased blood perfusion might with time affect the vascular network as well as β-cells within the islets. This thesis investigates the role of changes of blood perfusion in pancreatic islets and adipose tissues, as well as the recruitment to and composition of leukocyte subpopulations in insulin-sensitive tissues in experimental models of diabetes. Blood flow measurements in islets and adipose tissues of rats and mice were performed using the microsphere technique, while leukocyte recruitment was studied in the mouse cremaster muscle using intravital microscopy. Increased islet blood flow was observed in the GK rat model of type 2 diabetes, which was decreased by acute as well as continuous 2-week inhibition of β3-adrenoceptors without affecting plasma insulin concentrations. Increased inflammatory leukocyte recruitment was observed in both alloxan-induced and high-fat diet-induced diabetes. However, an impaired bacterial clearance was observed in diabetic mice, which was due to impaired phagocytosis. A gender difference was detected in mice fed a high-fat diet, since obese female mice did not show increased levels of pro-inflammatory circulatory markers or inflammatory leukocytes in the adipose tissue. The main effector cell in the adipose tissue inflammation in high-fat-fed male mice seemed to be the pro-inflammatory macrophage. The Treg population in adipose tissue was increased in female mice, but remained unchanged in male mice on high-fat diet. In conclusion, increased islet blood flow in type 2 diabetes could be reversed by β3-adrenoceptor inhibition, which may maintain islet function. The diabetes-associated hyperglycemia activated leukocytes but impaired their phagocytic ability. High-fat-fed female mice showed less peripheral inflammation due to a smaller number of recruited inflammatory macrophages and a high-fat diet-induced Treg population in intra-abdominal adipose tissues.
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Parnell, Scott Edward. "Mechanisms of alcohol-induced neuroteratology: an examination of the roles of fetal cerebral blood flow and hypoxia." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1505.

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Hypoxia (decreased tissue oxygen levels) has long been considered as a possible mechanism of alcohol-induced developmental deficits, yet research has not conclusively disproved this hypothesis, nor has it provided substantial evidence for a mechanism of developmental alcohol insults involving hypoxia. Previous research has shown that moderate acute doses of alcohol does not induce hypoxemia (decreased arterial oxygen levels), yet these same studies have shown that this same alcohol exposure does transiently decrease cerebral blood flow (CBF). This is significant because although developmental alcohol exposure did not result in hypoxemia, the decreases in CBF seen in these previous studies may induce hypoxia within the brain. Unfortunately, these experiments were only performed after acute doses of alcohol, so it is unknown if a more chronic or repeated alcohol exposure paradigm would have similar effects. The present study examined blood flow in the sheep fetus after repeated alcohol exposure in a bingelike paradigm throughout the third trimester. Additionally, this study examined the fetal neurovascular response to a subsequent infusion of alcohol after the repeated alcohol exposure. This latter experiment was designed to examine the hypothesis that alcohol exposure throughout the third trimester affects the normal responsiveness of the neurovasculature to alcohol (compared to previous research demonstrating acute alcohol-induced decreases in CBF). The results from the present experiments indicate that although few regions were significant, the majority of the regions (especially the brain regions) exhibited a trend for increases in blood flows after alcohol exposure. This phenomenon was especially prominent in the group receiving the lower dose of alcohol. Additionally, the data from this study demonstrated that after repeated alcohol exposures the near-term sheep fetus did not respond to a subsequent dose of alcohol in a similar manner seen in previous experiments when the acute alcohol exposure was administered in alcohol naïve animals. After the final alcohol exposure the subjects in this study had either no effect in terms of blood flow or an increase in CBF. This is opposite to previous observations which demonstrated reduced blood flow in numerous brain regions. The present experiments suggest that alcohol does not induce fetal hypoxia, but does negatively affect the normal neurovascular response to alcohol. This latter phenomenon could have negative consequences on future development of the brain.
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Wallin, Ashley Kay. "Renal Arterial Blood Flow Quantification by Breath-held Phase-velocity Encoded MRI." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4982.

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Autosomal dominant polycystic disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary renal disease and is characterized by renal cyst growth and enlargement. Hypertension occurs early when renal function is normal and is characterized by decreased renal blood flow. Accordingly, the measurement of blood flow in the renal arteries can be a valuable tool in evaluating disease progression. In studies performed in conjunction with this work, blood flow was measured through the renal arteries using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In order to validate these in vivo measurements, a vascular phantom was created using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and also scanned using MRI under controlled steady flow conditions. Ranges of vessel diameters and flow velocities were used to simulate actual flow in a normal and diseased population of adults and children. With the vessel diameters studied in this experiment, minimization of field of view and an increase in spatial resolution is important in obtaining accurate data. However, a significant difference does not exist between the results when using the 160 or 200 mm FOV. An increase in the number of phase encodings provides improved results, although an increase in image acquisition time is observed. Velocity-encoding in all three orthogonal directions does not improve image data. This method of using MRI to measure flow through a vessel is shown to be both accurate and reproducible, and the protocol providing the most correct results is prescribed. Breath-hold phase-velocity encoded MRI proves to be an accurate and reproducible technique in capturing flow and has the potential to be used for the purpose of observing hemodynamic changes in the renal arteries with the progression of ADPKD.
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Ghoncheh, Shahin. "Measurement of ethanol in microdialysis samples by means of enzymatic assay using alcohol dehydrogenase and NAD." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18812.

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The enzymatic method for ethanol measurement can detect very low concentration of ethanol at samples, consequently it can’t be applied for samples with high concentration and implies as very sensitive method at limited range of detection.The alcohol dehydrogenase method is based on oxidation of alcohol in the presence of ADH as enzyme and NAD+ as coenzyme and formation of acetaldehyde and NADH that can be monitored by spectrophotometric measurement at 334,340 or 365 nm wavelengths.Ethanol +NAD+ ADH↔ Acetaldehyde +NADH+H+For optimum conditions of measurements all the parameters that affect the enzymatic reaction including temperature, pH, trapping agent for product and proper mixing need to be optimized.In order to calculate the unknown concentration of ethanol in a sample based on this method,it is crucial to find right mathematical model to calculate the unknown concentrations of ethanol in the sample using a mathematical equation that generalizes relationships among the reactants in the reaction including the reaction products. In most enzymatic reactions many parameters are involved meaning that the reaction seldom follows simple linear relation between concentration and signal. Four-parameter logistic model is well suited for modeling sigmoid relationships frequently found in biology.The aim of this project is determination of ethanol at microdialysis samples and the fundamental reason for developing the present measurement method was to study changes in blood flow in living tissues using wash out of the very dissolvable ethanol as a flow marker using the Microdialysis technique.Result from this measurement technique for microdialysis samples shows that ethanol can be detected at range of 0,5-16mmol/L and whole detected concentration for different samples during one microdialysis test follows the inverse relation of blood flow changes in tissue.Also the reported result from Urea test as general method for studying blood flow changes and ethanol test for microdialysis sample has been compared and leads to this conclusion that ethanol techniques is as reliable tool for studying blood flow changes.
Uppsatsnivå: D
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Pedersen, Cameron James. "Biophotonic Investigation of Cardiac Structure and Hemodynamics During Embryogenesis UsingOptical Coherence Tomography." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1575392583935489.

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Kokkalis, Efstratios. "Fluid dynamic assessments of spiral flow induced by vascular grafts." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/5b96492f-983f-4baa-8e48-20da6939e65c.

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Peripheral vascular grafts are used for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease and arteriovenous grafts for vascular access in end stage renal disease. The development of neo-intimal hyperplasia and thrombosis in the distal anastomosis remains the main reason for occlusion in that region. The local haemodynamics produced by a graft in the host vessel is believed to significantly affect endothelial function. Single spiral flow is a normal feature in medium and large sized vessels and it is induced by the anatomical structure and physiological function of the cardiovascular system. Grafts designed to generate a single spiral flow in the distal anastomosis have been introduced in clinical practice and are known as spiral grafts. In this work, spiral peripheral vascular and arteriovenous grafts were compared with conventional grafts using ultrasound and computational methods to identify their haemodynamic differences. Vascular-graft flow phantoms were developed to house the grafts in different surgical configurations. Mimicking components, with appropriate acoustic properties, were chosen to minimise ultrasound beam refraction and distortion. A dual-beam two-dimensional vector Doppler technique was developed to visualise and quantify vortical structures downstream of each graft outflow in the cross-flow direction. Vorticity mapping and measurements of circulation were acquired based on the vector Doppler data. The flow within the vascular-graft models was simulated with computed tomography based image-guided modelling for further understanding of secondary flow motions and comparison with the experimental results. The computational assessments provided a three-dimensional velocity field in the lumen of the models allowing a range of fluid dynamic parameters to be predicted. Single- or double-spiral flow patterns consisting of a dominant and a smaller vortex were detected in the outflow of the spiral grafts. A double- triple- or tetra-spiral flow pattern was found in the outflow of the conventional graft, depending on model configuration and Reynolds number. These multiple-spiral patterns were associated with increased flow stagnation, separation and instability, which are known to be detrimental for endothelial behaviour. Increased in-plane mixing and wall shear stress, which are considered atheroprotective in normal vessels, were found in the outflow of the spiral devices. The results from the experimental approach were in agreement with those from the computational approach. This study applied ultrasound and computational methods to vascular-graft phantoms in order to characterise the flow field induced by spiral and conventional peripheral vascular and arteriovenous grafts. The results suggest that spiral grafts are associated with advanced local haemodynamics that may protect endothelial function and thereby may prevent their outflow anastomosis from neo-intimal hyperplasia and thrombosis. Consequently this work supports the hypothesis that spiral grafts may decrease outflow stenosis and hence improve patency rates in patients.
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Benveniste, Glen L. "The effect of alcohol on pancreatic blood flow: an experimental study." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/84241.

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The reference sample method using 15 micron diameter radionuclide labelled carbon microspheres was used to establish a rat model of pancreatic blood flow which was then used to follow up previously reported studies in dogs which showed that intravenously administered alcohol lead to a fall in pancreatic blood flow. In addition, the oral administration of alcohol alone and in combination with glucose was studied. The literature regarding pancreatic blood flow was reviewed with special emphasis on techniques of measurement and the effect of intravenously administered alcohol. While the rat model proved highly successful, it was not possible to use a dual injection technique as had been previously carried out in the larger experimental animal. This meant that instead of carrying out a control measurement on each animal it was necessary to have separate control and experiment groups. The major findings of the study were of difference in pancreatic blood flow between fasted (105 ± 9, mean ± s.e.) and non-fasted animals (134 ± 11) which was significant at the 0.025 level using the unpaired t test (t=2.14, df 18, p<0.025). No significant changes in pancreatic blood flow were observed with alcohol administered via intravenous or via gastric infusion compared to control groups. The major finding of the study was that a combination of alcohol and glucose administered via gastric infusion was found to produce a rise in pancreatic blood flow (161 ± 19) which was greater than that seen with either intravenous alcohol alone (111 ± 9) or glucose alone (90 ± 6). This change was highly significant (t=2.70, df 10, p<0.0125). It is concluded that the rat is a suitable experimental model for studying pancreatic blood flow with the microsphere method, that fasting significantly lowers pancreatic blood flow, and that the combination of alcohol and glucose is a potent stimulator of pancreatic blood flow.
Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Medicine, 2014
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Books on the topic "Pancreas; alcohol; blood flow"

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Antwi, Samuel O., Rick J. Jansen, and Gloria M. Petersen. Cancer of the Pancreas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0032.

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Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an uncommon but often rapidly lethal malignancy. Worldwide, PC is the twelfth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the seventh most common for cancer deaths. Globally, the estimated number of incident cases (338,000) and deaths from PC (330,400) were almost identical in 2012 Etiologic research on PC is complicated by the relatively inaccessible location of the pancreas, obstacles to early diagnosis, aggressiveness and resistance to therapy of these malignancies, and the tendency of PC to progress rapidly. Until recently, the only etiologic factors considered to be definite causes of PC were tobacco use, chronic pancreatitis, and several rare high-penetrance genetic disorders. In the past decade, the evidence for other causal relationships has strengthened, especially for metabolic risk factors (obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, insulin and insulin-like growth factor), chronic local inflammation, heavy alcohol consumption, dietary consumption of grilled meat, and non-O ABO blood type.
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Book chapters on the topic "Pancreas; alcohol; blood flow"

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Knych, Edward T. "Effect of Ethanol on Splanchnic Blood Flow." In Liver Pathology and Alcohol, 287–307. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0421-3_11.

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Carmichael, F. J., and Hector Orrego. "Alcohol-Induced Increase in Portal Blood Flow— Mechanism, Interaction with Anesthetics, and Clinical Implications." In Cardiovascular Complications of Liver Disease, 301–16. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315138817-16.

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Rocha, Flavio G. "Liver blood flow." In Blumgart's Surgery of the Liver, Pancreas and Biliary Tract, 74–86. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4377-1454-8.00004-7.

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Turcotte, Simon. "Liver blood flow." In Blumgart's Surgery of the Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas, 2-Volume Set, 77–92. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-34062-5.00005-4.

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BLUMGART, L. H., A. M. WHEATLEY, and R. T. MATHIE. "Liver Blood Flow: Physiology, Measurement, and Clinical Relevance." In Surgery of the Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas, 37–53. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4160-3256-4.50011-9.

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Beck-Nielsen, Henning. "Case 75: Blood Glucose Control of Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia." In Diabetes Case Studies: Real Problems, Practical Solutions, 278–80. American Diabetes Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/9781580405713.75.

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Our patient was 48 years old when she was hospitalized the first time with acute abdominal pain. Until then she had been well and had not received any medication. She had never before been hospitalized except for the birth of her two children: a daughter and a son. Her abdominal pain started in the evening after a heavy meal. The pain was located in the middle of the abdomen and extended to her back. It had continued for 2 h when she was hospitalized with the diagnosis of appendicitis. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed an enlarged and echogenic pancreas, whereas the appendix and gallbladder appeared normal. An elevated amylase concentration was consistent with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. The patient also said that she had lost 4–5 kg during the last 6 months and also had developed a tendency to fall asleep when sitting in a chair. She denied drinking alcohol regularly. A blood glucose (BG) level was elevated at 12 mmol/l (216 mg/dL) and confirmed the diagnosis of diabetes.
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Arora, Komal, Deepak Kumar, and Pooja Khurana. "A Computational Model Approach for a Lifestyle Disorder." In Smart Healthcare for Sustainable Urban Development, 80–105. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2508-4.ch006.

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Hypertension is known to be one of the most common medical and lifestyle disorders, signalized by the elevated levels of blood pressure, that is systolic and diastolic blood pressures more than 140 mm/Hg and 90 mm/Hg, respectively, associated with the various risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and some of the neurodegenerative diseases. Major lifestyle parameters such as lack of physical activity, high concentration of salt in diet, alcohol consumption, smoking, stress, and high weight are significantly related to this disease. Computational models of physiological frameworks can significantly help with our comprehension of the frameworks under study and can likewise be utilized in educating and examination apparatuses. Computational models can supplement exploratory and clinical investigations, yet additionally challenge flow standards, reclassify our comprehension of systems driving lifestyle, and shape future research.
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Afifi, Nahla, Eiman Al-Khayat, Linda Hannigan, Monika Markovic Bordoski, and Israa Khalaf. "Impact of Different Cooling Methods on the Stability of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs)." In Biomedical Engineering. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107415.

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During cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), there are several recognized cooling methods, which include different cooling rates that might influence the stability of the PBMCs. This chapter will focus on three cooling methods trialled and will describe the different principles they are based on and the outcomes. One cooling method is based on repeatable −1°C/min cooling rate that requires only isopropyl alcohol (method A). The second cooling method is based on the cooling rate of −1° C/min solely (method B). The third cooling method is based on a user-predefined programmable controlled rate of freezing (method C). The first method was discontinued for safety reasons. A small comparative study was performed using 12 cell preparation tubes (CPT) using methods B and C. Cell Viability was measured based on the difference between pre-thaw and post-thaw viability percentages that were obtained from the flow cytometry. From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in the outcomes of the comparative study of cooling methods, the use of either method B or C are the most suitable for long-term storage that will preserve the quality of the sample suitable for future research and clinical applications.
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Hall, Kersten T. "The Pissing Evil." In Insulin - The Crooked Timber, 3–15. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192855381.003.0002.

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The name ‘diabetes’ derives from the ancient Greek word meaning ‘to flow’ or ‘siphon’ and describes one of the most common symptom of diabetes—the passing of large amounts of urine, for which it was given the far more colourful name of ‘The pissing evil’ by seventeenth-century English physician Thomas Willis (1625–1675). First mentioned on an ancient Egyptian papyrus as a disease of sweet urine, it was physicians like Matthew Dobson (1735–1784) and John Rollo who showed it was due to high levels of sugar; both proposed that the condition might therefore be controlled by dietary restriction. In the late nineteenth century, Oskar Minkowski and Josef von Mering demonstrated that the pancreas played a central role in controlling blood sugar levels. This information led French physiologist Charles-Edouard Brown-Séquard (1817–1893) to speculate that this might be due to the action of a hormone.
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Conference papers on the topic "Pancreas; alcohol; blood flow"

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Iwasaki, Wataru, Hiroki Ito, Hirofumi Nogami, Renshi Sawada, Yoshinori Kimura, Atsushi Onoe, Satoshi Takeuchi, Masutaka Furue, and Eiji Higurashi. "Influence of Alcohol Consumption on Blood Flow as Detected Using a Micro Integrated Laser Doppler Blood Flowmeter." In 2010 First International Conference on Sensor Device Technologies and Applications (SENSORDEVICES). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensordevices.2010.51.

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Takada, Masumi, Fumiya Kinoshita, Yuki Mori, and Hiroki Takada. "A study of the relationship of equilibrium function and the cerebrum blood flow with alcohol intake." In 2016 11th International Conference on Computer Science & Education (ICCSE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccse.2016.7581550.

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Kosukegawa, Hiroyuki, Shuya Shida, Yoko Hashida, and Makoto Ohta. "Mechanical Properties of Tube-Shaped Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogel Blood Vessel Biomodel." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30892.

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Biomodels, which mimic the shape and motion of blood vessels, have been developed for clinical training in endovascular intervention and for the technical development of interventional devices such as stents. The present authors have developed a biomodel made of poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA-H), which has good transparency, low surface friction, and dynamic viscoelasticity similar to that of arteries. However, evaluation of its behavior as an arterial biomodel has not been carried out. In order to develop a PVA-H biomodel which can accurately mimic the motion of blood vessels, it is necessary to measure and match its mechanical properties in a tube shape mimicking blood vessels. In this study, tube-shaped PVA-H biomodels were prepared, and their mechanical properties were evaluated as to pulse wave velocity (PWV), compliance, and transfer function. PWV was calculated with Young’s modulus and dimensions of the biomodels. A tube-shaped PVA-H model and a model made of commercial silicone were set in a pulsatile flow path apparatus filled pure water (23°C). Sinusoidal pulsatile waves of various frequencies generated by a screw pump were released into flow path. The flow rate, the inner pressure, and the diameter of the biomodels were measured. The compliance of a biomodel was calculated with changing pressures and diameters. The transfer function was obtained as the ratio of the amplitude of the pressure in front of a biomodel and that behind it. The two kinds of biomodels studied showed PWV similar to that of real arteries: PVA-H shows lower PWV which younger arteries tend to show, while silicone shows higher PWV, similar to the case of aged arteries. In compliance, PVA-H shows a value similar to that of arteries in the lower pressure range, whereas silicone shows a value similar to that of arteries at higher pressure. A difference of transfer function in relation to the pulsatile frequencies was observed. This phenomenon is similar to that of real blood vessels and explainable in terms of the theory of the forced vibration in single-degree-of-freedom systems with attenuation. The transfer function is affected by mechanical properties of the wall, and the difference between biomodels is due to the viscoelasticity of the biomodels. With PVA-H, these parameters can be gradually changed by adjusting factors such as concentration. These findings indicate that PVA-H would be useful for the development of biomodels.
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Shimizu, Yasutomo, Lei Liu, Hiroyuki Kosukegawa, Kenichi Funamoto, Toshiyuki Hayase, Toshio Nakayama, and Makoto Ohta. "Deformation of Stenotic Blood Vessel Model Made From Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogel by Hydrostatic Pressure." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66657.

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Vascular plaque deformation reduces blood flow, increases arterial embolism risk, and may lead to ischemic stroke. Plaque stiffness varies widely and is an important factor influencing both plaque and parent artery deformation. These geometric changes affect local hemodynamics, which impact plaque initiation influencing disease progression. However, most previous studies used non-elastic stenotic vessel models. For more realistic analysis, we constructed a stenosis model comprising an elastic poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA-H) parent artery and plaque of variable stiffness. Our previous study using this flexible model demonstrated substantial effects of hydrostatic pressure. Here ultrasonography was conducted under changing hydrostatic pressure to measure geometric changes at the narrowest cross section. PVA-H specimens were constructed with the stiffness of a hard lipid core, smooth muscle, and plaque, as estimated by tensile tests using 5, 12, and 15 wt% PVA, respectively. The change in cross-sectional aspect ratio (height/face length) at the narrowest site is largest (∼1.3) for the 5 wt% PVA-H plaque and smallest (∼1.2) for the 12 wt% PVA-H plaque. Stenotic artery deformation depends on both artery and plaque elasticity. Hydrostatic pressure has a substantial effect on both vessel and plaque geometries, which markedly alter blood flow.
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George, Stephanie M., Diego R. Martin, and Don P. Giddens. "Contribution of Superior Mesenteric Vein Flow to the Right and Left Lobes of the Liver Using CFD." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206254.

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The incidence of cirrhosis, the end stage for many liver diseases, is rising and with it the need for better understanding of the progression of the disease and diagnostic techniques. The authors have noted that liver disease occurs preferentially in the right side of the liver which is the largest lobe. One hypothesis is that this is due to the composition of the blood that supplies the right lobe. The liver is fed by both the hepatic artery and the portal vein with the portal vein contributing about 80% of the blood supply. The portal vein (PV) is supplied by the superior mesenteric vein (SMV), which drains blood from the digestive track, and the splenic vein (SV), which drains blood from the spleen. Since the blood in the SMV is coming from the digestive track, it carries toxins and items absorbed during digestion. Toxins such as alcohol are known to damage the liver. Thus, our hypothesis is that the majority of the SMV flow feeds into the right portal vein and ultimately the right lobe of the liver. This study seeks to assess the validity of our hypothesis in four subjects by creating subject specific models in two normal subjects and two patients and using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to calculate the SMV contribution to the right portal vein.
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Yu, Kaihong, Tetsui Yamashita, Shigeaki Shingyochi, Kazuo Matsumoto, and Makoto Ohta. "PIV Analysis of the Flow Pattern Around an Ablation Catheter to Observe the Flow Effect on the Electrode." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62791.

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Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation is a highly effective treatment for many cardiac arrhythmias, especially for tachyarrhythmia. RF energy is introduced through the catheter onto the endocardial surface to destroy the abnormal heart tissue causing the heart rhythm disorder. Many parameters relate to myocardial temperature, such as RF power, tissue contact, and blood flow. Blood flow is an important factor that has a cooling effect on myocardium and affects the final lesion size. Many previous studies have shown that under temperature control, lesion sizes are larger and tissue temperatures rise faster with a high flow rate. If the flow causes a decrease in the temperature of the catheter tip, the generator will increase the power output to maintain the tip at a constant temperature. However, few studies of RF catheter ablation have investigated how ablation affects blood flow. Observation of the flow pattern around the catheter can help to determine the mechanism of the flow effects on the temperature of the catheter tip. The purpose of this study is to observe the flow pattern during ablation using an in-vitro circulation system developed for Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). We developed an open-channel circulation system to simulate blood flow. The mold for the open-channel was built with acrylic boards for transparency. The working fluid was 0.9% saline, which was used at room temperature (20°C). Instead of animal myocardium, we used a poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA-H), which has mechanical characteristics that approximate those of biological soft tissue, and contact with the PVA-H surface by the catheter is similar to that with myocardium. A 7 Fr catheter with a 4-mm ablation electrode tip was set perpendicular to the PVA-H surface, and the contact weight between the electrode of the catheter and the PVA-H surface was 2.2 gf. To measure the temperature profile in the PVA-H, a K-type thermocouple with the diameter of 0.5 mm was placed at the depth of 2 mm from the surface. The thermocouple tip was always placed on the catheter axis. The flow pattern at the location where the catheter was held was observed by a high speed camera, and the resulting images were analyzed by particle image velocimetry (PIV). The results showed that in the absence of applied flow, convection flow from the electrode is observed in the areas around the catheter. However, under a 1.6 L/min flow rate, convection flow disappears. In conclusion, blood flow could decrease the catheter tip temperature, and the influence of ablation in the flow around the catheter disappeared.
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Matsuura, Masami, Simon Tupin, and Makoto Ohta. "Compliance Effect on the Flow Condition in Vascular In Vitro Experiments." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87362.

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Endovascular treatment has become the standard for intracranial aneurysm management. In vitro systems including an artery model are required for devices evaluation and clinician training. Although silicone is usually use for such model, its compliance is known to be lower than blood vessels. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of model material compliance on flow properties. Silicone and 12 [wt%] poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA-H) were used to create two box-shaped models of significantly different compliance. The inner lumen geometry was a 4 [mm] diameter straight tube (parent vessel) and a 10 [mm] diameter sphere representing the aneurysm. A blood-mimicking fluid made of a mixture of glycerin, water and sodium iodide was used to reproduce the viscosity and density of blood and fit models refractive index. The circulation system consisted of a pulsatile blood pump and resistance valve. A flow rate of 250±50 [ml/min] and pressure from 75 to 115 [mmHg] were set inside the model. Pressure and flow rate sensors were used to monitor flow conditions before and after the model. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was performed to record the difference of flow patterns inside the aneurysm of both model using a Nd:YAG solid laser system and fluorescent particles. Results revealed a significant change of flow conditions due to model compliance. Attenuation of the flow rate pulse was recorded between the inlet and the outlet of the both model. This attenuation was 51% for PVA-H model. Moreover, a time lag between outlet pressure and outlet flow rate curves was recorded in both model. This time lag was longer with the PVA-H model, as this model exhibit a greater compliance. PIV experiments revealed significant changes of flow patterns and velocity inside the aneurysm. Because of its high compliance, PVA-H model walls moved under the pulsatile conditions. A change of flow direction and decrease of its velocity were observed near the proximal wall of the aneurysm, compared to the silicone model. Such differences might modify the stress on the wall of the aneurysm. To conclude, our experiments revealed that compliance has significant impacts on flow properties and should be taken into account for in vitro vascular model manufacturing.
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Folts, J. D. "A MODEL OF ACUTE PLATELET THROMBUS FORMATION IN STENOSED CORONARY AND CAROTID ARTERIES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643712.

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There is currently a great deal of interest in the diagnosis and treatment of unstable angina and silent ischemia.Many feel that these syndromes are due, in part, to periodic accumulation of platelet thrombi which subsequently embolize.In addition, anti-piatelet therapy is also considered necessary for patients after coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG'S), balloon angioplasty, and thrombolysis. Currently the two antiplatelet agents most commonly prescribed for the patient conditions mentioned above are aspirin (ASA), alone or in combination with dipyridamole (Dip). ASA reduces cardiac events in patients with unstable angina, and prolongs CABG graft patency. The addition of Dip to ASA therapy is very confusing since most studies done compared ASA + Dip to placebo. In several studies however,when an ASA group was compared to an ASA + Dip group there was no significant difference.We have developed and will describe ananimal model of coronary artery stenosis in the dog and the pig, or carotid arterystenosis in the monkey and the rabbit, with intimal damage, that simulates some ofthe conditions that exist in patients with coronary or carotid artery disease. The artery to be studied is dissected outand blood flow is continuously measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter probe. As acute platelet thrombus formation (APTF) developes in the stenosed lumen, the blood flow declines to low levels, producing ischemia until the thrombus emobolizesdistally resulting in abrupt restoration of blood flow. These cyclical flow reductions (CFR's), when they occur in the coronaries, produce ECG changes identical to those observed in patients with silent ischemia and unstable angina. They also produce significant transient regional dyskinesis of the ventricular wall, which resolves when blood flow is restored. Histologic examination of myocardial tissue in the bed distal to the stenosis shows focal areas of ischemic change presumably caused by the embolized platelet emboli.We have examined factors which exacerbate the size and frequency of these CFR"ssuch as; IV infusion of epinephrine (E) 0.4 μg/kg/min for 15 min, ventilating the animals with cigarette smoke, infusing nicotine IV, or placing chewing tobacco under the tongue.We have examined four groups of agentswhich prevent APTF in our model.1. Antiplatelet agents including ASA, indomethacin, ibuprofen and several other NSAI agentsas well as several experimental thromboxane synthetase inhibitors. These agents all block the production of TXA2and inhibit APTF in our model. Unfortunately the IV infusion of E reinstates APTtemporarily (by another biochemical pathway) until the E is metabolized. High (2-4 mg/kg) doses of Dip, alone or with sub threshold dose of ASA does nothing to I APTF.However,0.6mg/kg of chi orpromaz i ne abolishes APTF in all four species and protects agents renewal of APTF by E.2. Dietary Substances In our model, caffeine 10 mg/kg, or the extract from two garlic cloves, or enough ethanol to achieve a blood alcohol level of 0.07 mg% all significantly inhibit or abolish APTF in our model.3. Metabolic Inhibitors POCA, an oral hypoglycemic agent, which inhibits mitochondrial beta oxidation of fatty acids also inhibits APTF in our model possibly by reducing ATP production in the platelet.4. We have studied a monoclonal antibody(developed by Dr. Barry Coller) to the platelet I Ib�I I la glycoprotein receptor where fibrinogen binds platelets into aggregates and ultimately leads to APTF. This antibody 0.3 mg/kg/completely inhibits APTF, and also strongly inhibits in vitro platelet aggregation in response to either ADP or collagen given alone or each combined with E. This antibody is the most potent inhibitor of APTF that we have studied.
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