Academic literature on the topic 'PAM fluorimetria'

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Journal articles on the topic "PAM fluorimetria"

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Shimkevich, Andrey M., V. N. Makarov, Inessa M. Goloenko, and Oleg G. Davydenko. "Functional State Of Photosynthetic System In Barley Alloplasmic Lines." Ecological genetics 4, no. 2 (June 15, 2006): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen4237-42.

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The peculiarities of photosynthetic system functioning in barley alloplasmic lines were investigated by PAM fluorimetry. The substitution of nuclear genome was shown to affect differently several photosynthetic parameters. The importance of the balance between nuclear and organelle barley genetic systems for the photosystem II functioning was demonstrated.
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Turner, NC, LJ Wood, M. Foster, and T. Gueremy. "Effects of PAF, FMLP and opsonized zymosan on the release of ECP, elastase and superoxide from human granulocytes." European Respiratory Journal 7, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): 934–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.94.07050934.

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Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent chemoattractant for human eosinophils and neutrophils and causes eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment into animal airways. Since eosinophils and eosinophil cationic proteins are thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology of asthma, we have examined the hypothesis that PAF may also stimulate eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) release from human granulocytes. Granulocytes (93% neutrophils, 3% eosinophils) were isolated from the blood of normal volunteers, using metrizamide density gradients, and stimulated in vitro with PAF, L-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP) or opsonized zymosan (OPZ). Superoxide generation was measured colorimetrically, granulocyte degranulation by a fluorimetric assay for elastase, and eosinophil activation by specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for ECP. Granulocyte chemotaxis was also measured. Whilst both PAF and FMLP were potent chemoattractants for human mixed granulocytes (concentrations producing half the maximal effect (EC50s) ca 10 nM), PAF at concentrations below 10 microM was a poor stimulus to superoxide generation, elastase release or ECP release from the same cell population. In contrast, FMLP was a potent stimulus to both superoxide generation (EC50 48 nM) and ECP (EC50 ca 100 nM) and elastase release (EC50 ca 1 microM). OPZ was a potent stimulus to superoxide generation, but was a poor stimulus to ECP or elastase release. Thus, although PAF is a potent chemoattractant for human granulocytes, our results suggest that it alone may not stimulate their subsequent activation and release of cytotoxic products.
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Guarini, J. M., and C. Moritz. "Modelling the dynamics of the electron transport rate measured by PAM fluorimetry during Rapid Light Curve experiments." Photosynthetica 47, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11099-009-0034-3.

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Engelsma, J. W., and J. Simons. "Simple fluorimetric screening for carazolol in swine kidneys bij means of Sep‐Pak cartridges." Veterinary Quarterly 7, no. 1 (January 1985): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01652176.1985.9693957.

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Saengsrichan, Aphinan, Chaiwat Saikate, Peeranut Silasana, Pongtanawat Khemthong, Wanwitoo Wanmolee, Jakkapop Phanthasri, Saran Youngjan, et al. "The Role of N and S Doping on Photoluminescent Characteristics of Carbon Dots from Palm Bunches for Fluorimetric Sensing of Fe3+ Ion." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9 (April 30, 2022): 5001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095001.

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This work aims to enhance the value of palm empty fruit bunches (EFBs), an abundant residue from the palm oil industry, as a precursor for the synthesis of luminescent carbon dots (CDs). The mechanism of fIuorimetric sensing using carbon dots for either enhancing or quenching photoluminescence properties when binding with analytes is useful for the detection of ultra-low amounts of analytes. This study revealed that EFB-derived CDs via hydrothermal synthesis exceptionally exhibited luminescence properties. In addition, surface modification for specific binding to a target molecule substantially augmented their PL characteristics. Among the different nitrogen and sulfur (N and S) doping agents used, including urea (U), sulfate (S), p-phenylenediamine (P), and sodium thiosulfate (TS), the results showed that PTS-CDs from the co-doping of p-phenylenediamine and sodium thiosulfate exhibited the highest PL properties. From this study on the fluorimetric sensing of several metal ions, PTS-CDs could effectively detect Fe3+ with the highest selectivity by fluorescence quenching to 79.1% at a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 µmol L−1. The PL quenching of PTS-CDs was linearly correlated with the wide range of Fe3+ concentration, ranging from 5 to 400 µmol L−1 (R2 = 0.9933).
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Koenig, Samuel, Candida Savage, and Jonathan P. Kim. "Non-destructive assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure by fluorimetric analysis of crab urine." Marine Pollution Bulletin 56, no. 12 (December 2008): 2003–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.08.010.

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Conde-Giménez, María, and Javier Sancho. "Unravelling the Complex Denaturant and Thermal-Induced Unfolding Equilibria of Human Phenylalanine Hydroxylase." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 6539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126539.

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Human phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) is a metabolic enzyme involved in the catabolism of L-Phe in liver. Loss of conformational stability and decreased enzymatic activity in PAH variants result in the autosomal recessive disorder phenylketonuria (PKU), characterized by developmental and psychological problems if not treated early. One current therapeutic approach to treat PKU is based on pharmacological chaperones (PCs), small molecules that can displace the folding equilibrium of unstable PAH variants toward the native state, thereby rescuing the physiological function of the enzyme. Understanding the PAH folding equilibrium is essential to develop new PCs for different forms of the disease. We investigate here the urea and the thermal-induced denaturation of full-length PAH and of a truncated form lacking the regulatory and the tetramerization domains. For either protein construction, two distinct transitions are seen in chemical denaturation followed by fluorescence emission, indicating the accumulation of equilibrium unfolding intermediates where the catalytic domains are partly unfolded and dissociated from each other. According to analytical centrifugation, the chemical denaturation intermediates of either construction are not well-defined species but highly polydisperse ensembles of protein aggregates. On the other hand, each protein construction similarly shows two transitions in thermal denaturation measured by fluorescence or differential scanning calorimetry, also indicating the accumulation of equilibrium unfolding intermediates. The similar temperatures of mid denaturation of the two constructions, together with their apparent lack of response to protein concentration, indicate the catalytic domains are unfolded in the full-length PAH thermal intermediate, where they remain associated. That the catalytic domain unfolds in the first thermal transition is relevant for the choice of PCs identified in high throughput screening of chemical libraries using differential scanning fluorimetry.
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Hovaneissian, Michael, Paul Archier, Carole Mathe, Gérald Culioli, and Catherine Vieillescazes. "Analytical investigation of styrax and benzoin balsams by HPLC- PAD-fluorimetry and GC-MS." Phytochemical Analysis 19, no. 4 (November 9, 2007): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.1048.

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Humphries, Julia, Kevin Burnand, Philip Cunningham, Adrian Brock, Nigel Westwood, and Alberto Smith. "Identification of Potentially Effective Antisense Oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN) Sequences for Inhibiting Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-2 (PAI-2) Production by Monocytes." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 88, no. 07 (2002): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1613165.

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SummaryMonocyte fibrinolytic activity may influence thrombus resolution. The balance between uPA and PAI-2 could determine the fibrinolytic activity of the monocyte. Inhibiting PAI-2 production using specific antisense sequences might alter this balance. Selecting effective sequences is a problem as prediction of the secondary structure of target mRNA is difficult. This study reports the modification of a cell free system for rapid antisense screening.Five 18-19 mer oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN), sequences A, B, K, T and Q, and their matched scrambled controls were designed and screened using a modified rabbit reticulocyte lysate transcription and translation system (RRL). Intracellular uptake of ODNs was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, scanning laser confocal microscopy and fluorimetery. Monocytes were transfected with a liposome/ODN complex using sequences A, B, A + B combined, or T and PAI-2 levels measured by ELISA. Inhibition of PAI-2 production was calculated as a percentage of control levels (baseline and scrambled). (i) RRL System – Sequence A was the most effective inhibitor of PAI-2 production in this system (median 63%) compared with sequences, B median 9%, K median 14%, T median 11% and Q median –8% respectively (n = 3). Sequence A was the only sequence, which always inhibited PAI-2. This was confirmed using fluorescently labelled protein (n = 2). (ii) Monocyte transfection Fluorescence microscopy and fluorimetry showed that intracellular delivery of labelled antisense was only achieved when a liposome was used. Transfection of monocytes extracted from 5 subjects showed that sequence A significantly reduced PAI-2 production (mean % 41.4, sem 9.1) compared with sequences B (mean% 3.4, sem 8.9, p = 0.04), A + B (mean % 0.4, sem 7.8, p = 0.04), and T (mean % 5.4, sem 4.9, p = 0.01). Futher studies using sequence A on cells from 10 subjects showed a significant reduction in monocyte PAI-2 production (27.6 ng/ml, sem 3.9) compared with matched scrambled controls (mean 38.3 ng/ml, sem 4.5, p = 0.0112) and baseline (mean 51.4 ng/ml, sem 6.7, p = 0.0009).Use of the RRL screening system allowed the selection of a novel antisense sequence, which significantly reduced PAI-2 production in monocytes.
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Donafologo Baba, SORO, NGUETTIA Kossonou Roland, DIARRA Moussa, MEITE Ladji, ABOUA Kouassi Narcisse, KOUASSI Kouakou Edouard, KONE Mamadou, and TRAORE Karim Sory. "NIVEAU DE CONTAMINATION DE LA CHAIR DE POULET BICYCLETTE (GALLUS GALLUS DOMESTICUS) PAR LES HYDROCARBURES AROMATIQUES POLYCYCLIQUES (HAP)." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15548.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the organic pollutants sought both in the various environmental compartments (water, soil, air, etc.) and in food intended for human consumption. They are a group of persistent organic pollutants that are potentially mutagenic and carcinogenic. Thus, the present study aims to determine the PAH levels in the flesh of local poultry also called bicycle chickens (gallus gallusdomesticus). Ten (10) composite samples of chickens were collected in Karakoro, a locality located in the department of Korhogo in the north of Cote dIvoire. After the extraction and purification steps, the samples were analyzed on a Shimadzu brand HighPerformance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) equipped with a fluorimetric detector. The measured PAHs, eight (8) molecules in number, are classified among the priority substances to be researched in the context of food safety (fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, indeno(1 ,2,3-cd) pyrene, benzo (g,h,i) perylene, benzo (a) anthracene, benzo (b) fluoranthene). The results obtained showed the presence of these molecules in the samples analyzed at concentrations higher than the European Union (EU) standard for some. On the other hand, all the PAHs determined have concentrations lower than the Codex Alimentarius standard.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PAM fluorimetria"

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Frisenda, Paola. "Utilizzo di saggi ecofisiologici ed ecotossicologici per il biomonitoraggio dei metalli pesanti in aree marine portuali: micro - e macro -alghe nella bioindicazione e nel biorimedio." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/2659.

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2006/2007
RIASSUNTO Il recente Codice dell’Ambiente (D.lgs 152/2006) prevede il raggiungimento di ‘standard’ di qualità dei corpi idrici con particolare riferimento ai metalli pesanti (sostanze pericolose prioritarie, PP). Il passato piano di monitoraggio (2001-2004) del Ministero dell’Ambiente ha messo in luce il frequente superamento dei limiti di legge nelle stazioni del Golfo di Trieste. I metodi chimico/fisici utilizzati per determinare le concentrazioni di metalli in acqua o nei sedimenti non sono in grado di determinare l’effettiva biodisponibilità degli elementi, da cui dipende la reale tossicità, né un preciso rapporto causa/effetto. Tuttavia, è risaputo che anche basse concentrazioni possono innescare fenomeni di bioaccumulo e di biomagnificazione, alterando gli equilibri naturali soprattutto negli ambienti marini costieri. Tali processi interessano principalmente la componente macroalgale, molto importante dal punto di vista ecologico ed economico in quanto è alla base della catena trofica. Lo studio dell’impatto delle sostanze tossiche su questa matrice risulta, perciò, fondamentale per preservare da una parte la biodiversità degli ecosistemi dall’altra proporre sistemi alternativi/innovativi per il mantenimento della capacità auto-depurativa. Per le alghe e per le Cianoficee, in particolare, è stata dimostrata un’elevata capacità di difesa contro la tossicità di diversi metalli attraverso vari e complessi meccanismi, le cui modalità sono abbastanza conosciute. E’ oggi noto che le risposte difensive possono dipendere dalla natura del metallo, dalle dosi e dai tempi di esposizione, dai differenti stadi di crescita, e, non ultimo, dalla diversa ‘sensibilità’ delle alghe. Tuttavia, negli studi in campo ed in laboratorio, i diversi approcci sperimentali rendono la comparazione, sia nell’ambito della stessa specie che tra specie diverse, estremamente difficile e possono portare alla determinazione di dosi subletali (LC50) molto diverse. Da qui la necessità di un protocollo unificato che, a differenza delle micro-alghe, non è ancora standardizzato per le macro-alghe. Tale mancanza ha comportato, infatti, risultati molto diversi senza discriminazione delle risposte adattative da quelle difensive. Inoltre, raramente vengono analizzati l’eventuale ripristino della funzionalità cellulare durante il recupero in assenza del metallo ed i possibili effetti a livello ultrastrutturale. Scopo, percorso del progetto e metodi utilizzati Il progetto si basa principalmente sull’approfondimento delle conoscenze dei meccanismi di adattamento/tolleranza/difesa contro il Cadmio di micro- e macro-alghe marine a livello fisiologico, biochimico ed ultrastrutturale. L’obiettivo principale è rivolto alla possibilità di mettere a punto un protocollo standardizzato per le macroalghe in grado di discriminare specie ‘sensibili’, utilizzabili come ‘bioindicatori’ nei saggi ecotossicologici, da quelle utili come bioaccumulatori. Nel corso dei tre anni il materiale bibliografico, selezionato e continuamente aggiornato, è stato inserito in un archivio digitale con i dati relativi alle specie algali, ai metalli, alle dosi/tempi di esposizione, ai parametri saggiati con le rispettive metodiche e alle dosi soglia di tossicità. Una parte dei lavori può essere consultata a video (PDF) attraverso un collegamento ipertestuale (dati non presentati). L’attività di ricerca è stata suddivisa in tre parti: Parte I. Studio su micro-alghe. Sono stati approfonditi i meccanismi di adattamento/difesa ed i principali ‘siti bersaglio’ a livello fisiologico ed ultrastrutturale della Cyanoficea coloniale (Leptolyngbya sp.) mantenuta in coltura. Lo studio è mirato soprattutto alla valutazione del metodo fluorimetrico (PAM), di nuova acquisizione nel nostro laboratorio, scelto per la minor invasività rispetto alle altre analisi (ossimetria e pigmenti). Parte II. Studio su macro-alghe. La ricerca è stata condotta in tre fasi per individuare e scegliere specie sensibili/tolleranti, valutare la potenzialità delle specie considerabili buoni ‘bioaccumulatori’ e verificarne le potenzialità d’uso come ‘biofiltri riciclabili’, attraverso la stima del recupero funzionale in assenza del tossico. Parte III. Studio su macro-alghe in situ. E’ stato valutato il bioaccumulo dei popolamenti presenti nella Baia di Punta Olmi (Località ‘Boa’ – Muggia), area inquinata da metalli pesanti. Le specie macroalgali sono state prelevate in due in due siti costieri (Baia Punta Olmi – Muggia e Porto Franco Vecchio - Trieste). Dopo la stima delle curve di saturazione i campioni sono stati adattati in cella di coltura in condizioni controllate. Al mezzo di coltura sono state aggiunte dosi di cadmio [Cd(NO3)2] e le analisi, differenziate per le diverse fasi sperimentali, sono state effettuate dopo 1-2-7 giorni di ‘stress’ e dopo 7 giorni di recupero. Sono state stimate la fotosintesi (ossimetria e fluorimetria PAM), la respirazione, il contenuto di pigmenti liposolubili e condotte osservazioni al TEM. Su alcuni campioni è stata effettuata la microanalisi ai Raggi-X (SEM-EDS) variando la modalità di allestimento dei preparati. Conclusioni La stima delle condizioni di coltura ed il controllo incrociato dei risultati di questa ricerca forniscono le basi per interessanti sviluppi a livello interpretativo e sembrano essere un buon punto di partenza per valutare in modo più analitico le informazioni sulle possibili alterazioni del processo fotosintetico. La tecnica fluorimetrica offre, perciò, indubbi vantaggi in quanto non invasiva/distruttiva, ma soprattutto in relazione al numero dei parametri disponibili. Per l’applicazione corretta del metodo fluorimetrico è risultato fondamentale verificare i vantaggi ed i limiti dello strumento. L’analisi contemporanea di più parametri (ecologici, fisiologici, biochimici, ultrastrutturali), con dosi e tempi fissi, dipendendo da quest’ultimi l’ampiezza della risposta, è un approccio valido per individuare e descrivere in maniera più completa le risposte di adattamento/difesa delle alghe contro gli agenti tossici. Per quanto attiene ai tempi di esposizione, gli intervalli delle analisi (1S-2S-7S) sono risultati sufficienti per la valutazione delle risposte fisiologiche, biochimiche ed ultrastrutturali allo ‘stress’, mentre i 7 giorni di recupero in assenza del metallo (7R) sono risultati sufficienti per valutare le diverse capacità di ripresa funzionale delle specie. Le tecniche ultrastrutturali si confermano indispensabili per la localizzazione dei siti di sequestro ed accumulo del metallo, per lo studio delle modifiche cellulari, e per l’interpretazione dei risultati fisiologici. Diversamente, la microanalisi ai Raggi-X con il programma attualmente in dotazione (SEM-QUANT, ZAF), non è una tecnica valida per stimare il grado di bioaccumulo in popolamenti naturali, poiché le basse concentrazioni di metalli nei campioni biologici risultano spesso inferiori al limite di rilevabilità del sistema. Le diverse fasi sperimentali hanno permesso di identificare le specie più sensibili al cadmio, che potrebbero essere utilizzate in laboratorio come specie ‘test’ nei saggi ecotossicologici e in campo come ‘biosensori’. Quelle tolleranti/resistenti sarebbero, invece, utili come bioaccumulatori. In relazione ai tempi di esposizione, alle dosi applicate e sulla base dei risultati fisiologici ed ultrastrutturali mediante i quali sono stati messi in evidenza i principali siti di accumulo, sono state individuate specie con potenzialità diverse: a) P. pavonica, S. lomentaria, R. pseudopalmata, Z. typus e C.multifida come specie ‘sensibili’; b) R. thysanorhizans come specie ‘sensibile’ di ambiente naturale; c) H. musciformis, C. fragile, D. dichotoma come specie tolleranti/resistenti; d) F. virsoides e S. scoparium come specie tolleranti/resistenti con pronto recupero della piena funzionalità in assenza del tossico. Sono queste, quindi, le potenziali candidate da utilizzare come ‘biofiltri’ nel biorimedio. Al fine di poter utilizzare micro- e soprattutto macro-alghe (per l’abbondante biomassa), come biofiltri nel biorimedio, senza depauperamento delle risorse naturali, ed evitare nel contempo problemi di smaltimento del materiale contaminato, appare necessario non solo selezionare ‘buoni bioaccumulatori’ (specie tolleranti e/o resistenti), anche attraverso stime quantitative degli elementi per via chimica (spettrometria di massa), ma anche valutare le loro capacità di detossificarsi e di recuperare la piena funzionalità fisiologica in assenza del tossico. Solo in questo modo le alghe possono essere riutilizzate più volte per assorbire nuovo metallo.
XX Ciclo
1972
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NATTOUF, ABDUL. "Mise au point du dosage de la 3'-amino-3'deoxythymidine (amt), de la zidovudine (azt) et de ses metabolites phosphoryles intracellulaires par couplage chromatographie liquide-fluorimetrie : application aux milieux biologiques." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA114834.

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Barnett, Alexandre. "Régulation de l'activité photosynthétique du microphytobenthos et conséquence sur la dynamique temporelle de la production primaire dans les vasières intertidales de la côte atlantique de l'Europe de l'Ouest." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROS412/document.

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Le microphytobenthos (MPB) des latitudes tempérées est dominé par les diatomées. Deux grands groupes se distinguent, les épipéliques (mobiles) des sédiments vaseux, et les épipsammiques (fixées) des sédiments sablo-vaseux. Afin de mieux comprendre la production des vasières, le MPB a été étudié par des approches du niveau physiologique au niveau écologique. Dans un premier temps, l’étude s’est focalisée sur des expérimentations en laboratoire. La réponse des différents groupes à la lumière a montré que la forme de vie et la mobilité sont en lien étroit avec la capacité de photoprotection physiologique. Ainsi, les diatomées non-mobiles présentent une meilleure photoprotection physiologique que les diatomées mobiles qui peuvent fuir les excès de lumière. Dans une deuxième partie, le travail s’est effectué sur des échantillons ramenés en laboratoire. Des profils de migrations ont été réalisés par mesure continue de la fluorescence. Il a été établi que le MPB présente un rythme de migration interne pouvant être modulé par la lumière. De plus la qualité de la lumière modifie les profils de migration. Il est communément admis que les phases de division cellulaire se dérouleraient en profondeur. La cytométrie en flux permet de vérifier cette hypothèse. Finalement les mesures effectuées en laboratoire ont été comparées à des mesures effectuées directement sur le terrain à l’échelle de la communauté. Il a ainsi pu être vérifié que la photoprotection sous lumière fluctuante est fonction de la population. Pour les populations épipéliques, la photoprotection physiologique ne varie pas au cours des fluctuations lumineuses, laissant supposer que la migration module ces fluctuations. Les populations épipsammiques, quant à elles, modifient leur réponse physiologique en fonction des fluctuations lumineuses
Microphytobentos (MPB) from temperate latitude is mainly composed of diatoms. Those microorganisms can be separated in two groups: the epipelic one from muddy sediments (composed of mobile diatoms) and the epipsammic one from sandy-muddy sediments (composed of diatoms living attached to their substrate). In order to investigate mudflats’ primary production, the MPB compartment was studied through diverse approaches from the physiological level to the ecological one. In the first place, laboratory experiments (in vitro experiments), focusing on light reaction of epipelic and epipsammic diatoms, showed that their life form and their mobility were strongly connected to their physiological photoprotection ability. Thereby, the motionless diatoms were characterized by higher physiological photoprotection abilities than the mobile ones, which could avoid excess of light. In the second place, the fluorescence of collected samples (in vivo experiments) was measured to acquire diatoms’ migration profiles. The results pointed out an internal and light-regulated migration pattern of the MPB and furthermore highlighted the effect of light quality on migration profiles. Besides, the commonly accepted hypothesis of deep cell division phases was tested and confirmed through flow cytometry experiments. Eventually, laboratory measurements were compared to in situ ones realized at the scale of the whole community. These comparisons revealed that diatoms photoprotection in fluctuating light depended on the targeted populations. Epipelic organisms were indeed characterized by an unvarying photoprotection, diatoms migration regulating alone the effect of light fluctuations. On the contrary, motionless epipsammic populations required a light-regulated photoprotection
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Temime, Brice. "CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE DE LA PARTITION DES HAP ENTRE LES PHASES GAZEUSE ET PARTICULAIRE : VALIDATION DE LA TECHNIQUE DE PRELEVEMENT PAR TUBE DENUDER ANNULAIRE." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011200.

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En raison de leur toxicité, les Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques (HAP) font partie des polluants atmosphériques devant faire l'objet d'une surveillance (directive cadre européenne 96/62/CE du 27 septembre 1996). De par leurs propriétés physico-chimiques, certains de ces composés sont présents dans l'atmosphère simultanément en phases gazeuse et particulaire. Leur impact sanitaire et environnemental, différent selon la phase considérée, impose le prélèvement et l'analyse séparée des deux phases. Actuellement, la méthode la plus couramment utilisée pour l'échantillonnage simultané et séparé des phases gazeuse et particulaire est le préleveur à Haut-débit. Mais de nombreux auteurs ont montré que cette méthode engendrait des artefacts de prélèvement qui induisaient des erreurs dans l'estimation des concentrations. Ce travail de thèse répond à la nécessité de disposer d'un outil de prélèvement des HAP dépourvu d'artefact de prélèvement. Dans ce contexte, nos recherches ont porté sur la validation de la méthode de prélèvement par tube denuder multi-annulaire. Cette validation s'est articulée autour de tests en conditions contrôlées (banc à perméation, banc à rouleaux) afin d'évaluer l'impact des principaux paramètres susceptibles d'influer sur les performances du tube (température, humidité, concentration en HAP, taille des particules, conditions de prélèvement), et de prélèvements d'échantillons réels (atmosphériques) pour évaluer l'effet de la matrice environnementale. Elle a été complétée par une comparaison avec le préleveur conventionnel, à partir de prélèvements à l'émission d'un véhicule diesel (banc à rouleaux). Il ressort de l'ensemble de ces tests que le tube denuder multi-annulaire est une méthode adaptée au prélèvement simultané des HAP en phases gazeuse et particulaire, dans une gamme de conditions expérimentales couvrant largement le domaine de conditions généralement rencontrées dans l'environnement. Pour une étude plus précise du phénomène de distribution gaz-particule des HAP, le remplacement des préleveurs conventionnels par des systèmes «tube denuder» est ainsi fortement souhaitable.
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Kitsiouli, Eirini. "Etudes biochimique et immunochimique du liquide bronchoalvéolaire de patients atteints du syndrome de détresse respiratoire aigue͏̈. Développement d'une méthode fluorimétrique pour le dosage des activités phospholipase A2 et PAF-acétylhydrolase dans les fluides biologiques." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28720.

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Guillemot, Laure Hélène. "Capteurs chimiques à base de matrices synthétisées par voie sol-gel et à transduction optique pour la détection de composés organiques volatils microbiens (mCOV)." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769955.

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La détection et l'identification de bactéries pathogènes revêt une grande importance dans de nombreux domaines tels que la santé et l'industrie agroalimentaire. Dans ce contexte, les travaux de thèse s'intéressent à détection non invasive de Salmonella via la fraction volatile de son métabolome dont les métabolites volatils caractéristiques sont le sulfure d'hydrogène et la cadavérine. Ils illustrent également le concept de substrats osmogènes libérant des mCOV exogènes sous l'action d'enzyme spécifique d'Escherichia coli. Un premier capteur colorimétrique capable de distinguer le sulfure d'hydrogène du méthanethiol a été préparé. Il s'agit d'une matrice de silicate nanoporeuse dopée avec les réactifs N,N-diméthyl-p-phénylènediamine et ions Fe3+. Une bonne stabilité de l'intermédiaire réactionnel issu de ces réactifs, la quinonediimine (QD), est obtenue pour une forte concentration d'acide chlorhydrique. La réaction entre QD et 1000 ppm de sulfure d'hydrogène et de méthanethiol entraîne l'apparition respective d'une coloration verte et rouge-marron du capteur. Le capteur fluorimétrique de cadavérine, basé sur la formation d'un complexe fluorescent entre le Naphthol AS-BI déméthylé (ArOH) et la cadavérine, permet de détecter 250 ppb de cadavérine. La preuve de concept de substrats osmogènes a été illustrée avec la détection de p-nitrophénol (pNP) et de β-naphthylamine (β-NA) libérés en présence d'enzymes de E. coli, β-D-glucuronidase et L-alanine- β-naphthylamidase. Les capteurs nanoporeux produits, de taille de pores contrôlée, peuvent détecter 100 ppm de pNP, composé coloré (jaune) et 100 ppm de β-NA, composé fluorescent, ou encore 100 ppm de β-NA par dérivation chimique de ce dernier avec le diméthyl-p-aminocinnamaldéhyde (formation d'un produit rouge). En milieu biologique, l'eau est un interférent majeur.
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White, Sarah Anne. "The use of PAM Fluorometry to Assess Microalgal Physiological Stress for the Production of Biodiesel." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2729.

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A dissertation submitted in compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology in Biotechnology, Durban University of Technology, 2011.
Under environmental stress, most microalgae produce intracellular neutral lipids as a storage mechanism. In the biotechnology industry, these lipids are extracted and converted to microalgal biodiesel; however the extent of the stress is not measured for optimum lipid accumulation. In the series of studies undertaken, Pulse Amplitude Modulated (PAM) fluorometry was used to measure three types of physiological stress on Chlorella sp., a freshwater microalgal species. Biomass and lipid yields were also used as indicators of the induced stress conditions. Firstly, nutrient induced physiological stress and the subsequent synthesis of cellular neutral lipids was investigated.
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