Relevant bibliographies by topics / Palstat

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Palstat'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Palstat"

1

Laprise, Danielle, and Serge Payette. "Évolution récente d'une tourbière à palses (Québec subarctique) : analyse cartographique et dendrochronologique." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 11 (November 1, 1988): 2217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-304.

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During the past 100 years, palsa bogs located on the eastern coast of Hudson Bay have undergone major changes associated with global climatic warming of the northern hemisphere. The recent main developmental stages of palsas, collapse scars, and thermokarstic pools were reconstructed within a representative permafrost peatland located in the southern part of the forest–tundra, using detailed mapping and tree-ring analyses. Maps of the peatland in 1957, 1973, and 1983 indicate a 49% decrease of the total cover of palsas and collapse scars between 1957 and 1983 and a 44% increase of the thermokarstic pool surface. Degradation of the palsa bog was more pronounced between 1957 and 1973 than between 1973 and 1983. Tree-ring analysis of reaction wood on black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP.) exposed to unstable peat substratum indicates that permafrost degradation, which began as early as 1880, increased markedly between 1930 and 1965. During the 19th century, the permafrost peatland was mainly composed of large peat plateaus, which subsequently disintegrated into residual palsas, collapse scars, and thermokarstic pools. In addition the increase in temperature during the 20th century, it seems that milder winters with heavier snowfalls promoted conditions conducive to permafrost degradation. The constantly increasing contrast in the microtopographic pattern of the peatland, resulting from the transformation of peat plateaus into smaller palsa units, created more snow cover on east and southeast palsa slopes, thus accelerating permafrost degradation. This autocatalytic process seems to have also played a role in some sections of the peatland with abundant thermokarstic pools, where major changes in drainage conditions have stimulated thermokarstic erosion.
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Seppälä, Matti. "Synthesis of studies of palsa formation underlining the importance of local environmental and physical characteristics." Quaternary Research 75, no. 2 (March 2011): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.09.007.

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AbstractThis review presents a synthesis of four decades of palsa studies based on field experiments and observations mainly in Fennoscandia, as well as laboratory measurements. Palsas are peat-covered mounds with a permanently frozen core; in Finnish Lapland, they range from 0.5 to 7 m in height and from 2 to 150 m in diameter. These small landforms are characteristic of the southern margin of the discontinuous permafrost zone. Palsa formation requires certain environmental conditions: long-lasting air temperature below 0°C, thin snow cover, and low summer precipitation. The development and persistence of their frozen core is sensitive to the physical properties of peat. The thermal conductivity of wet and frozen peat is high, and it decreases significantly as the peat dries and thaws. This affects the development of the active layer and makes its response to climate change complex. The insulating properties of dry peat during hot and dry summers moderate the thawing of the active layer on palsas. In contrast, humid and wet weather during the summer causes deep thawing and may destroy the frozen core of palsas. Ice layers in palsas have previously been interpreted as ice segregation features but because peat is not frost-susceptible, the ice layers are now reinterpreted as resulting from ice growth at the base of a frozen core that is effectively floating in a mire.
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LUOTO, MISKA, RISTO K. HEIKKINEN, and TIMOTHY R. CARTER. "Loss of palsa mires in Europe and biological consequences." Environmental Conservation 31, no. 1 (March 2004): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892904001018.

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Palsa mires are northern mire complexes with permanently frozen peat hummocks. These are degrading throughout their distribution range, probably because of regional climatic warming. This review of the current understanding of the geographical, climatic and biological characteristics of palsa mires focuses on Europe. Recent studies have reported a drastic decrease in the extent of palsa mires in Fennoscandia; in Finland, the distribution of palsas was formerly about three times that at present. With continued or accelerated warming, as predicted for high latitudes, further extensive degradation or the wholesale disappearance of palsa mires seems inevitable. Palsa mires are known to be biologically heterogeneous environments with a rich diversity of bird species, and they are listed as a priority habitat type by the European Union. However, their role as habitats for other organisms is still poorly understood. There is urgent need for research and monitoring to assess the ecological and biological consequences of the decline of palsa mires in Europe.
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Pissart, A. "Palsas, lithalsas and remnants of these periglacial mounds. A progress report." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 26, no. 4 (December 2002): 605–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133302pp354ra.

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There is no general agreement about the meaning of the word ‘palsa’. Usage and recent suggested definitions indicate that the word is chiefly used for cryogenic mounds covered by peat that were formed by an accumulation of segregation ice in the discontinuous permafrost zone. Lithalsas are similar mounds, but without any peat cover. The thickness of aggradation ice on the top of lithalsas can be considerable. Use of development and decay palsas as indicators of climatic change is difficult. The climatic conditions in which lithalsas form are much more restricted than those for palsas and, as a consequence, regions where lithalsas exist are rather rare. After melting, lithalsas leave ramparted depressions; the mass movements on the peaty slopes of palsas are less propitious to the formation of ramparts. Some of the pingo remnants described in western Europe are, more accurately, lithalsa traces.
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Allard, Michel, and Luc Rousseau. "The international structure of a pala and a peat plateau in the Rivière Boniface region, Québec: Interferences on the formation of ice segregation mounds." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 53, no. 3 (October 2, 2002): 373–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004760ar.

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Abstrat The internal structure of a 5.7 m high palsa was studied through a pattern of closely spaced drill holes in permafrost along two orthogonal section lines. Holes were also drilled on a 1.3 m high peat plateau along a topographic transect for comparison purposes. The morphology of the palsa closely reflects the shape of the ice-rich core heaved by the growth of thick ice lenses in thick marine clay silts of the Tyrrell Sea. During and since palsa growth, the sand and peat covering was deformed by gelifluction and sliding and was also partly eroded by overland flow and wind. Palsa growth was accompanied by the formation of numerous ice-filled fault planes in the frozen sediments. The peat plateau was heaved to a lower height through the formation of thin ice lenses in an underlying layer of sandy silt only 1.4 m thick; this sediment is believed to be of intertidal origin. Therefore, the local Quaternary geomorphological settings are at the origin of differences in morphology and size between the palsa and the peat plateau. General inferences for the development of palsas and like landforms are made from the findings of the study.
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Fronzek, S., T. R. Carter, and M. Luoto. "Evaluating sources of uncertainty in modelling the impact of probabilistic climate change on sub-arctic palsa mires." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 11 (November 8, 2011): 2981–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-2981-2011.

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Abstract. We present an analysis of different sources of impact model uncertainty and combine this with probabilistic projections of climate change. Climatic envelope models describing the spatial distribution of palsa mires (mire complexes with permafrost peat hummocks) in northern Fennoscandia were calibrated for three baseline periods, eight state-of-the-art modelling techniques and 25 versions sampling the parameter uncertainty of each technique – a total of 600 models. The sensitivity of these models to changes in temperature and precipitation was analysed to construct impact response surfaces. These were used to assess the behaviour of models when extrapolated into changed climate conditions, so that new criteria, in addition to conventional model evaluation statistics, could be defined for determining model reliability. Impact response surfaces were also combined with climate change projections to estimate the risk of areas suitable for palsas disappearing during the 21st century. Structural differences in impact models appeared to be a major source of uncertainty, with 60% of the models giving implausible projections. Generalized additive modelling (GAM) was judged to be the most reliable technique for model extrapolation. Using GAM, it was estimated as very likely (>90% probability) that the area suitable for palsas is reduced to less than half the baseline area by the period 2030–2049 and as likely (>66% probability) that the entire area becomes unsuitable by 2080–2099 (A1B emission scenario). The risk of total loss of palsa area was reduced for a mitigation scenario under which global warming was constrained to below 2 °C relative to pre-industrial climate, although it too implied a considerable reduction in area suitable for palsas.
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Saemundsson, Thorsteinn, Olafur Arnalds, Christof Kneisel, Helgi Pall Jonsson, and Armelle Decaulne. "The Orravatnsrustir palsa site in Central Iceland—Palsas in an aeolian sedimentation environment." Geomorphology 167-168 (September 2012): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.03.014.

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Shishkonankova, E. A., N. A. Avetov, T. Yu Tolpysheva, and A. A. Tarlinskaya. "Plant indication of thermocarst forms in palsa mires in the south of Nature Park Numto (West Siberia)." SOCIALNO-ECOLOGICHESKIE TECHNOLOGII 9, no. 1 (2019): 27–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2500-2961-2019-9-1-27-57.

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Currently, palsa mires in the southern limit of circumpolar permafrost zone are characterized by an increased intensity of thermokarst processes. In the south of Nature Park Numto the cyclic character of frozen mound formation was replaced by their unidirectional degradation as a result of thaw. We analyze plant indicators of various thermokarst forms occurring in mounds: denudation spots, slumps and funnels. Depending on the stages of thermokarst and type of palsas (flat mound or large mound ones) a number of plant indicators of thawing is revealed: “the drunken forest”, the loss of dwarf shrubs and lichens and their secondary colonization, eutrophication of communities, the emergence of the “ridges” of vegetatively mobile species and others. Brown mosses and secondary colonizing Cladonia lichens with cup-shaped and club-like podetia are indicators of slow thermokarst on patches of denudation in large mounds. Meanwhile, the role of Cladonia lichens with richly branched podetia is markedly reduced. Mesotrophic communities, dominated by mesotrophic sphagnum mosses, are formed in deep funnels on large mounds under the conditions of frozen bed existence. The development of eutrophic communities indicates the release of nutrients during the melting of peat. The stages of thermokarst on the flat palsa mounds correspond to the following succession row: lichens + dwarf shrubs → hygrophyte sphagnum mosses and / or brown mosses + liverworts → hygro-hydrophyte sphagnum mosses + Warnstorfia fluitans. Reliable and the most long-term indicator of thermokarst on large mounds is the downy birch (Betula pubescens).
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Alewell, C., R. Giesler, J. Klaminder, J. Leifeld, and M. Rollog. "Stable carbon isotopes as indicators for micro-geomorphic changes in palsa peats." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 1 (January 19, 2011): 527–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-527-2011.

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Abstract. Palsa peats are unique northern ecosystems formed under an arctic climate and characterized by an unique biodiversity and ecology. The stability of the palsas are seriously threatened by climate warming which will change the permafrost dynamic and results in degradation of the mires. We used stable carbon isotope depth profiles in two palsa mires of Northern Sweden to track environmental change during the formation of the mires. Carbon isotope (δ13C) depth profile of the yet undisturbed mire Storflaket indicated very low to no degradation of the peat in the water saturated depressions (hollows) but increased rates of anaerobic degradation at the Stordalen site. The latter might be induced by degradation of the permafrost cores in the uplifted areas (hummocks) and subsequent braking and submerging of the hummock peat into the hollows due to climate warming. Carbon isotope depth profiles of hummocks indicated a turn from aerobic mineralisation to anaerobic degradation at a peat depth between 4 to 25 cm. The age of these turning point was 14C dated between 150 and 670 years and could thus not be caused by anthropogenically induced climate change. We found the uplifting of the hummocks due to permafrost heave the most likely explanation for our findings. We thus concluded that differences in carbon isotope profiles of the hollows might point to the disturbance of the mires due to climate warming or due to differences in hydrology. The characteristic profiles of the hummocks are indicators for micro-geomorphic change during permafrost up heaving.
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Oksanen, Pirita O., Peter Kuhry, and Rimma N. Alekseeva. "Holocene Development and Permafrost History of the Usinsk Mire, Northeast European Russia." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 57, no. 2-3 (September 22, 2005): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011312ar.

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Abstract This study discusses Holocene vegetation succession, permafrost dynamics and peat accumulation in the Usinsk mire, located in the Pechora lowlands of Northeast European Russia. At present, the area is situated in the extreme northern taiga subzone near the southern limit of permafrost. Reconstructions are based on plant macrofossil analysis, physico-chemical analysis and AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon dating of two peat profiles investigated in detail. Additional information is available from seven other sites. Organic accumulation started at ca. 11 350 BP (14C yrs). Terrestrialization of ponds was the most common pathway for mire initiation. During a large part of their history, the sites have been Cyperaceae-dominated fens. A change into Sphagnum-dominated ecosystems is recorded at 3700-3000 BP. Permafrost became established around 2300 BP, although first signs of embryonic palsa formation can be tentatively traced back to about 2900 BP. Palsas and peat plateaus have experienced several periods of freezing and entire or partial thawing. The extant permafrost stages are young. The long-term carbon accumulation rate in the investigated sites is 19 g/m2/yr. The average rate of carbon accumulation in the dynamic permafrost stage is 23 g/m2/yr.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Palstat"

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Kubíček, Jan. "Statistická podpora procesu řízení firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443764.

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Master’s thesis describes statistical process control as a support for company management. Statistical process control methods and tools are introduced. Requirements for automotive industry are stated specifically for IATF 16949 standard and VDA 6.3 process audit method. Thesis presents current state in company Sanmina-SCI Czech Republic s.r.o regarding statistical regulation. Applies statistical process controls into the new process considering automotive requirements. It is all happening together with a new business introduction of automotive customer.
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Marklund, Per. "A 2D Electrical Resistivity Survey of Palsas in Tavvavuoma, sub-arctic Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-219932.

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Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a commonly used geophysical method to investigate permafrost in the mountain environment, but few studies have employed this method in a permafrost affected peatland. For this thesis, 5 ERT profiles were measured over 17 palsas and peat-plateaus in a palsa peatland environment in Tavvavuoma, northern Sweden, where the primary aim was to investigate the depth to the base of permafrost under the mounds. These depths are also used to estimate the excess ice fraction (EIF), which is indicative of the proportion of segregation ice in the frozen core under the mounds. The internal structure of palsas and the spatial distribution of permafrost was also investigated from the inverted resistivity models. Permafrost thickness was found to range from 5 – 17 m, with the thickest permafrost in the west end of the study area. EIF values range between 0,04 to 0,58, with the lowest values in the same end as the deepest permafrost, where also low mound elevations are found. The deep permafrost combined with low mound elevations are suggested to be attributed to the presence of coarse grained (glaciofluvial) sediments where ice segregation formation is limited, thus small amounts of frost heave. Deep permafrost is possibly underlying at least two thermokarst depressions/fens in the area, which is suggested to obstruct their drainage. The height of the mounds was surprisingly found to decrease with permafrost thickness, a relationship that is likely to be an effect of the varied underlying sediment cover. This thesis demonstrates the applicability of ERT in peatland permafrost research, but also considers the limitations of the method.
Elektrisk resistivitetstomografi (ERT) är en geofysisk metod som har använts flitigt vid undersökningar av alpin permafrost, men få studier har hittills tillämpat denna teknik vid undersökningar av permafrost i myrmarker. Under detta examensarbete på masternivå mättes 5 ERT-profiler över 17 palsar samt torvplatåer i ett palsmyrkomplex med sporadisk permafrost i Tavvavuoma, norra Sverige, med det primära målet att undersöka permafrostens mäktighet under dessa. De beräknade permafrostdjupen används även för att uppskatta isöverskottsfraktionen (EIF), vilket ger en indikation på andelen segregationsis i den frusna kärnan under respektive pals/torvplatå. Palsarnas interna struktur och den rumsliga utbredningen av permafrost i myren diskuteras också kvalitativt utifrån resistivitetsmodellerna. Permafrostmäktigheten under palsar och torvplatåer bestämdes till mellan 5 – 17 meter, med den djupaste permafrosten i den västra delen av studieområdet. Isöverskottsfraktionen varierar mellan 0,04 – 0,58, med de lägsta värdena i samma del av studieområdet som den djupaste permafrosten fanns, här är även palshöjderna låga. Den djupa permafrosten i kombination med låga palshöjder föreslås tillskrivas förekomst av grovkorniga (glaciofluviala) sediment i denna del av studieområdet, där bildningen av segregationsis begränsas. I och med detta begränsas mängden frosthävning, med låga palshöjder som resultat. Djup permafrost kan finnas under minst två thermokarstsänkor i området, vilket kan hindra dränering av dessa. Ett oväntat resultat var att palshöjd minskar med ökat permafrostdjup bland de studerade objekten, vilket bäst kan förklaras med det varierade sedimentunderlaget, som ger mycket olika förutsättningar för segregationsisbildning. Denna masteruppsats visar på tillämpligheten av ERT i myrmarker med permafrost, men beaktar även metodens begränsningar för denna tillämpning.
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Swan, Marc C. "Anisotropic self-inflating tissue expanders in reconstructive palstic surgery." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497105.

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Cummings, Craig E. "A geoecological investigation of palsas in the Schefferville area /." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=57008.

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The term palsa is a Fennoscandian word for a peaty hillock or mound having a permafrost core composed of alternating layers of segregated ice lenses, and organic or mineral soil. This dissertation presents results of a study on the morphology, ecology, cryotic structure, and thermal regime of 6 palsas sites in the Schefferville area and offers a new categorization of these features based on their cryotic structure. Eighteen palsa sites were located within a 35 km radius of Schefferville and six of these sites were investigated in detail. Palsas ranged from 5.6-59.0 m in length and up to 1.1 m in height. Most were located in valleys formed by the strong ridge-valley topography of the Labrador trough. Analysis of plant macrofossils suggests a successional change from hydrophilic species 10-15 cm below the palsa surface to relatively xerophilic species on the palsa surface. The transition zone between these vegetation associations indicates when the peat surface was heaved above the water table and thus, the initiation of the palsa. Surface vegetation on the palsas is used to indicate stage or category of development. Lichens and shrubs combined with small amounts of bare peat suggest a stable palsa. Large areas of bare peat on the surface of palsas resulting from erosion indicates degradation. Healthy sedges on the palsa surface indicate aggrading conditions. Ground ice within palsas ranged from small discontinuous ice lenses within peat to large lenses at the peat mineral soil contact and within the mineral soil. The depth of snow on the palsa surface varied on both a temporal and spatial basis. Active layer depths were not greatly affected by the depth of winter snow. Climatic parameters, such as heating degree days and bright sunshine hours, were found to predict maximum active layer depths more accurately than Stefan's equation. This dissertation shows that palsas with both organic and mineral soil cores are common permafrost features in the Schefferville area
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Patrícia, Barbosa de Alencar Bruna. "Análise de áreas de sombras em imagens ALOS/PALSAR." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/10466.

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As imagens de RADAR são uma alternativa para a realização de mapeamentos em áreas de grande cobertura de nuvens, inerentes às imagens de sensores passivos. Entretanto, devido à variação de declive dos terrenos, que influência o ângulo de incidência do feixe emitido pelo RADAR, alguns erros geométricos ocorrem nas imagens. Esses erros são o encurtamento de rampa, inversão do relevo e o sombreamento. O objeto de estudo desta dissertação é a análise da ocorrência da sombra nas imagens ALOS/PALSAR, por ser uma área que não tem sinal de retorno e por gerar confusão no mapeamento de áreas como, por exemplo, as de vegetação. O sombreamento pode ocorrer em regiões de terreno movimentado e onde a face do relevo está voltada perpendicularmente ao pulso enviado pela antena ALOS/PALSAR. Para analisar a geração da sombra, são estudadas duas áreas de terreno movimentado. As áreas estão nos municípios de Petrolândia em Pernambuco e Glória na Bahia. Elas apresentam relevo ondulado controlado por zonas de cisalhamento, dobramentos e falhas geológicas. Uma metodologia de detecção da sombra ALOS/PALSAR é realizada, através da binarização da imagem ALOS/PALSAR supondo que para a área de sombra o retorno de sinal é muito baixo. Curvas de nível, mapa de orientação de vertentes e mapa de declividade foram adquiridos do projeto TOPODATA para verificar as características do terreno que influenciam na ocorrência do sombreamento, a escala utilizada foi de 1:100000. As imagens LANDSAT5/TM permitiram localizar as feições e compará-las com as regiões de sombra localizadas nas imagens ALOS/PALSAR. A área de sombra foi identificada na região de declividade, predominantemente, maior que 75% e nas orientações Sudeste e Sul. Os dados de orientação de vertentes e declividade serviram como dados fundamentais na identificação das áreas de sombra, juntamente com a imagem binarizada para identificar o baixo retorno do sinal que ocorre nas imagens de RADAR.
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An, Weidong. "Palsa formation, mathematical modelling and field information." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26040.pdf.

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Wu, Meng-Che. "Wenchuan earthquake deformation 3D modelling based on ALOS/PALSAR data." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/10975.

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A devastating earthquake of magnitude Mw 7.9 occurred in Wenchuan area of Sichuan Province, China on 12th May 2008 and caused great casualties and economic damage. This study is aiming to investigate the faulting geometry and motion of the major seismic faults in Longmenshan fault thrust belt that caused this earthquake, based on the surface rupture displacement data measured using differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) and SAR amplitude pixel-offset techniques. The cross-event Japanese ALOS PALSAR data have been used for this study. First, the methodology for recovering the missing data in the decoherence zone of the DInSAR line-of-sight (LOS) surface motion maps was developed. In the area along the seismic fault zone, the coherence between pre- and post-event SAR images is completely lost because of the earthquake induced violent and chaotic destruction on the land surface and as the result, no surface displacement can be measured using the DInSAR technique. An Adaptive Local Kriging (ALK) technique has then been developed to retrieve the interferometric fringe patterns in the decoherence zone. The novel ALK operating in a multi-step approach enables to retrieve and interpolate the values with high fidelity to the original dataset. Thus a map of continuous radar LOS displacement was generated. Then, the horizontal displacement motion maps in ground range and azimuth direction were derived from cross-event SAR amplitude image pairs using advanced sub-pixel offset technique, Phase Correlation based Image Analysis System (PCIAS). Though the ground range pixel-offset is proportional to the LOS displacement, the azimuth pixel-offset data provide extra information of the coseismic motion. Thus the horizontal displacement vector field can be obtained in order to constrain the faulting motions in key areas. Finally, with the constraints of the ALK refined DInSAR data and the horizontal displacement data together with the published seismic focal mechanism solutions, seismic reflection profiles and field observations, forward modelling was proceeded using the Poly3D software to decide the most likely faulting geometry based on the optimal matching between the simulated and the measured surface displacement. In the much disputed Beichuan – Pengguan area, the best fit is achieved only when the Pengguan fault is set as the main fault that intercept the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault at a depth of about 13 kilometres. This geometric relationship between the two faults and the distribution of slip is compatible with them being two adjacent splay faults on a propagating thrust.
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Maciel, Luz Marilda de Moraes. "Processamento de imagens ALOS/PALSAR aplicado à regularização fundiária na Amazônia." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2012. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/12607.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Geografia, 2012.
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A regularização fundiária é uma das ações do Governo Federal no ordenamento fundiário e combate ao desmatamento. O Programa Terra Legal Amazônia foi criado em 2009 para conceder títulos de domínio de terra a posseiros ocupantes de terras públicas federais. Um dos quesitos para a concessão de títulos aos ocupantes é o cumprimento da legislação ambiental. O sensor PALSAR (radar) apresenta um grande potencial para o mapeamento da cobertura e uso da Terra e é ideal para a aquisição de dados na região amazônica, onde a cobertura de nuvens afeta o imageamento por sensores ópticos. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar métodos de processamento de imagem de radar para classificar a cobertura e uso da Terra na Gleba do Baixo Candeias Igarapé Três Casas (RO) e verificar o cumprimento da legislação ambiental nessas ocupações. A coleta de amostras de treinamento (utilizadas na classificação) e teste (utilizadas na validação) foi orientada pelas classes de cobertura e uso da Terra mapeadas pelo Projeto TerraClass (agricultura, pasto limpo, pasto sujo, regeneração com pasto, vegetação secundaria e floresta). Foram testados os filtros Enhanced Frost, Enhanced Lee e Gamma,janelas 3x3 e 5x5, nas imagens SAR de polarização HH e HV para a remoção de ruído. Os valores da razão sinal ruído para as classes de cobertura e uso foram muito semelhantes, ligeiramente superiores para o filtro Gamma, janela 5x5 da polarização HV. Foram também testadas diferentes composições univariadas e bivariadas para melhorar a qualidade das imagens antes da classificação pelos métodos MAXVER e ICM. Entre as composições univariadas, a melhor concordância com o Mapa Digital do TerraClass foi atribuída apolarização HV, filtro Gamma, janela 5x5, classificada pelo método ICM (índice Kappa 0,6661) e entre as bivariadas, a composição HH+HV/HV, filtro Gamma, janela 5x5, classificada pelo método ICM (índice Kappa 0,6735). Por fim foi utilizada uma nova abordagem que combina filtragem espectral e componentes de densidade de probabilidade (CDP) e classificação pelo método de Mínima Distância.A imagem de polarização HV resultante da classificação apresentou excelente concordância com o Mapa Digital TerraClass (índice Kappa 0,9816). As imagens PALSAR demonstraram ser boa fonte de dados para o mapeamento de áreas de floresta e não floresta na região de estudo. Apesar das classes intermediárias entre floresta e pasto limpo apresentarem certo grau de confusão, como sinalizado nas análises preliminares, isso não comprometeu a discriminação de áreas florestadas e áreas não florestadas, possibilitando a quantificação de áreas de Reserva Legal existentes e áreas de Reserva Legal previstas em lei, nas parcelas. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Land regularization is one of the actions of the Federal Government to territorial planning and to combat deforestation. The Programa Terra Legal Amazônia was created in 2009 to grant titles of domain to squatter occupants of public federal lands. One of the requirements for the granting of titles to occupants is the enforcement of environmental legislation. The sensor PALSAR (radar) presents a great potential for mapping land use cover and is ideal for data acquisition in the Amazon region where cloud cover affects imaging by optical sensors. The aim of this work is to evaluate image processing methods to classify land use cover at Gleba do Baixo Candeias Igarapé Três Casas (RO) and verify the enforcement of environmental legislation in these occupations. The collect of training samples (used in the classification)and test (used in the validation) was guided by land cover classes mapped by Projeto TerraClass (agriculture, clean pasture, dirty pasture, regeneration with pasture, secondary vegetation and forest). In order to remove noises, the filters Enhanced Frost, Enhanced Lee and Gamma, 3x3 and 5x5 windows, were applied on SAR images of HH and HV polarizations. Signal-to-noise ratio values were very close among land use classes, slightly superior for the Gamma filter, 5x5 window of the HV polarization. In order to improve image quality were tested different univaried and bivaried compositions before the classification by the MAXVER and ICM methods. Among univaried compositions the best agreement with the Mapa Digital do TerraClass was obtained by the HV polarization image, Gamma filter, 5x5 window classified by the ICM method (Kappa index of 0,6661) and among the bivaried, the composition HH+HV/HV, Gamma filter, 5x5 window classified by the ICM method (Kappa index of 0,6735). Lastly was used a new approach that combines spectral filtering and density of probability components (CDP) and classification by Mínima Distancia method. The HV image obtained as result of this procedure presented the best agreement with the Mapa Digital TerraClass (Kappa index of 0,9816). The PALSAR images were considered a good source of data to map forested and non-forested areas in the study site. In spite of the intermediate classes between forest and pasture presented a certain degree of confusion, as flagged in the preliminary analysis, this did not affected the discrimination of forested and deforested areas,enabling the quantification of the existing Reserva Legal areas and Reserva Legal areas provided by legislation in plots.
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Carlson, David. "Dynamic process model of palsa genesis and development based on geomorphologic investigations at the Boundary Ridge Palsa Bog near Schefferville, Quebec." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18192.

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Numerical simulation of forming processes has been an important means for material selection, tool design, and process optimization. A critical component of simulation, however, is an accurate material constitutive model, describing the response of the material under possible modes of deformation. The accuracy, in turn, is linked to the tests and techniques applied for identification of constitutive models: the more elaborate the identification, the more reliable the material parameters. For textile composites, uncontrollable factors such as contact friction, misalignment, slip, variations in local fiber volume, and tow compaction are sources that generate considerable scatter in the response of fabrics. Accordingly, characterization methods occasionally suffer from non-repeatability of test data even under similar testing conditions. Furthermore, it is typical that different deformation modes result in different sets of material parameters. If variance of material response within the replication of tests and deformation modes is neglected, then the identification of model parameters can be far from the true material behavior. In order to confront the above shortcomings, this work is an attempt to elaborate on the characterization of textile composites using a new inverse method by means of a signal-to-noise weighting scheme, and two constitutive models by means of a phenomenological invariant-based approach. A full identification of the developed constitutive models for a typical woven fabric is applied using the introduced inverse method and a set of data from standard testing methods, with close attention to the behavior of the composite constituents in a macro level. Particularly, the effects of fiber-resin interactions and fiber misalignment are introduced. A novel modified picture frame test is also studied and used for validating the models. From the results of this work, it is expected that the use of a number of test methods simultaneously and the inclu
La simulation numérique pour les procédés de formation est un instrument important pour le choix des matériaux, la conception d'outils et l'optimisation des procédés. Un des composants critiques de la simulation reste cependant un modèle constitutif de matériaux précis, pouvant décrire la réponse du matériau sous des modes de déformation possibles. Par ailleurs, l'exactitude est liée aux essais et aux techniques appliqués pour l'identification des modèles constitutifs: plus l'identification est raffinée, plus les paramètres du matériau sont fiables. Pour des composés textiles, des facteurs incontrôlables tels que le frottement de contact, la déviation d'alignement, le glissement, les variations de volume local des fibres, et le tassement des fibres sont des sources qui produisent un éparpillement considérable dans la réponse des tissus. Par conséquent, les méthodes de caractérisation souffrent occasionnellement de la non-répétabilité des données des essais même lorsque les conditions d'essais sont semblables. De plus, il est typique que différents ensembles de paramètres du matériau soient obtenus à partir des différents modes de déformation. Si la variance de la réponse du matériau dans les répliques d’essais et les modes de déformation est négligée, l'identification des paramètres du modèle peut alors être loin du véritable comportement du matériau. Afin de confronter les imperfections mentionnées ci-dessus, la présente étude est une tentative d'élaboration de la caractérisation des composés textiles en utilisant une nouvelle méthode inverse basée sur un schéma pondéré signal/bruit et deux modèles constitutifs par le biais d’une approche basée sur l’invariance des phénomènes. Une identification complète des modèles constitutifs développés est appliquée à un tissu typique en utilisant la méthode inverse proposée et un ensemble de données obtenus à partir des méthodes d'essais stand
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10

Nicolas, Timothée. "Transport de particules induit par les Dents-de-Scie dans les palsmas de tokamak." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00926428.

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Le transport radial des particules dans les tokamaks constitue une des questions les plus cruciales pour la communauté de la fusion par con finement magnétique. En eff et, d'une part la puissance de fusion est proportionnelle au carré de la pression, d'autre part l'accumulation d'impuretés lourdes dans le coeur du plasma conduit à d'importantes pertes par rayonnement qui peuvent fi nir par causer un e ffondrement radiatif du plasma. Les dent de scie et la redistribution périodique de la température et de la densité de coeur qui lui est associée peuvent a ffecter signifi cativement le transport radial des électrons et des impuretés. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons des simulations numériques de dents de scie utilisant un code tridimensionnel non linéaire de magnétohydrodynamique appelé XTOR-2F, a n d'étudier le transport de particules pendant les dents de scie. Nous montrons que le code est capable de reproduire les structures fines de densité observées après le crash de la dent de scie avec le diagnostic de réfl ectométrie à balayage rapide sur les tokamaks Tore Supra et JET. La présence de ces structures implique la possibilité que le crash de dent de scie ne soit pas aussi effi cace que prévu pour évacuer les impuretés du coeur du plasma. Cependant, en appliquant le code aux impuretés, nous montrons que finalement le taux de redistribution est quantitativement similaire à ce qui est prévu par le modèle de Kadomtsev, un résultat inattendu a priori. Nous concluons que la dent de scie est e fficace pour évacuer les impuretés du coeur du plasma.
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Books on the topic "Palstat"

1

Palsa, Kalervo. Kalervo Palsa: Toinen tuleminen = resurrection. Helsinki: Like, 2002.

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Kim, Hae-sŏng. Chʻimmuk ŭi palsan: Kim Hae-sŏng chasŏn sijip. Sŏul-si: Hanʾguk Sisa, 1997.

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Siukonen, Jyrki. Kuvia pohjoisen tasavallasta: Mukka, Särestöniemi ja Palsa. Rovaniemi: Lapin yliopistokustannus, 2011.

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Kwŏn, So-hyŏn. Param a, Palsan a: Kwŏn So-hyŏn che-5 sijip. Sŏul: Chŏngŭn Chʻulpʻan, 2005.

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Vadén, Tere. Arktinen hekuma: Kalervo Palsa ja suomalaisen ajattelun mahdollisuus. Jyväskylä: Atena, 1997.

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Chŏng, Sŏn-tʻae. Hanʼguk kŭndae munhak ŭi suryŏm kwa palsan =: Essays on modern Korean literature and thoughts. Sŏul: Somyŏng Chʻulpʻan, 2008.

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Kŭppyŏn hanŭn Tongbuga anbo hwan'gyŏng kwa Mi-Il ŭi taeŭng: Pukhan rok'et palsa, Ilbon pangwi taegang kaejŏmng ŭl chungsim ŭro . Sŏul: Han'guk Kukpang Yŏn'guwŏn, 2009.

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Ryan, Paul D., R. Ryan, and John S. Whalley. Palstat: User's Manual and Case Histories. Springer London, Limited, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Palstat"

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Avtar, Ram, Jay Krishna Thakur, Amit Kumar Mishra, and Pankaj Kumar. "Geospatial Technique to Study Forest Cover Using ALOS/PALSAR Data." In Geospatial Techniques for Managing Environmental Resources, 139–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1858-6_9.

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Yuan, Ting, Hyongki Lee, and Hahn Chul Jung. "Congo Floodplain Hydraulics using PALSAR InSAR and Envisat Altimetry Data." In Springer Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry, 65–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43744-6_4.

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Watanabe, Manabu, Hiroki Takakura, Chinatsu Yonezawa, Yasuhiro Yoshikawa, and Masanobu Shimada. "Detection of Ice-Jam Floods Using PALSAR Full-Polarimetry Data." In Global Environmental Studies, 71–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4648-3_5.

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Wu, Jicang, Lina Zhang, Tao Li, and Jie Chen. "Monitoring Ground Subsidence Using PALSAR and ASAR in Shanghai Downtown Area." In International Association of Geodesy Symposia, 511–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37222-3_68.

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Jimenez-Martinez, Nancy, Raquel Diaz-Hernandez, Marius Ramirez-Cardona, and Leopoldo Altamirano-Robles. "Texture Based Supervised Learning for Crater-Like Structures Recognition Using ALOS/PALSAR Images." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 292–301. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77004-4_28.

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Huggannavar, Vinayak, and Amba Shetty. "Biomass Estimation Using Synergy of ALOS-PALSAR and Landsat Data in Tropical Forests of Brazil." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 593–603. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7067-0_48.

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Hashimoto, Manabu, Yo Fukushima, and Youichiro Takada. "Coseismic Deformations of the 2011 Tohoku, Japan, Earthquake and Triggered Events Derived from ALOS/PALSAR." In Natural Disaster Science and Mitigation Engineering: DPRI reports, 3–15. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54418-0_2.

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Furuya, M., Y. Takada, and Y. Aoki. "PALSAR InSAR Observation and Modeling of Crustal Deformation Due to the 2007 Chuetsu-Oki Earthquake in Niigata, Japan." In Gravity, Geoid and Earth Observation, 679–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10634-7_89.

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Lowry, John, Laura Hess, and Ake Rosenqvist. "Mapping and Monitoring Wetlands Around the World Using ALOS PALSAR: The ALOS Kyoto and Carbon Initiative Wetlands Products." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 105–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-93962-7_9.

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Chen, Rou-Fei, Chen-Yang Lee, Hsiao-Yuan Yin, Hsiao-Yu Huang, Keng-Ping Cheng, and Ching-Weei Lin. "Monitoring the Deep-Seated Landslides by Using ALOS/PALSAR Satellite Imagery in the Disaster Area of 2009 Typhoon Morakot, Taiwan." In Advancing Culture of Living with Landslides, 239–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53487-9_27.

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Conference papers on the topic "Palstat"

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Borner, T., K. P. Papathanassiou, N. Marquart, M. Zink, P. J. Meadows, A. J. Rye, P. Wright, M. Meininger, B. Rosich Tell, and I. Navas Traver. "ALOS PALSAR products verification." In 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4424037.

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Shimada, Masanobu. "PALSAR SCANSAR SCANSAR Interferometry." In IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4779664.

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Frick, Heinrich, Marzban Palsetia, Richard Carande, and James C. Curlander. "PALSAR ground data processing." In International Symposium on Remote Sensing, edited by Francesco Posa. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.453955.

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Zakharov, Alexander, and Liudmila Zakharova. "Palsar Calibration with Distributed Targets." In IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8899240.

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Shimada, M., M. Watanabe, T. Moriyama, and T. Tadono. "PALSAR Characterization and Initial Calibration." In 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2006.90.

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Yokota, Y., Y. Okada, S. Nakamura, K. Iribe, M. Tsuji, K. Hariu, Y. Kankaku, S. Suzuki, and M. Shimada. "PALSAR-2 initial mission check." In IGARSS 2014 - 2014 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2014.6947214.

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Wakabayashi, Hiroyuki, Norimasa Ito, and Takashi Hamazaki. "PALSAR system on the ALOS." In Remote Sensing, edited by Hiroyuki Fujisada. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.333628.

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Shimada, Masanobu, Takuya Itoh, Takeshi Motooka, Manabu Watanabe, and Rajesh Thapa. "Generation of the first PALSAR-2 global mosaic 2014/2015 and change detection between 2007 and 2015 using the PALSAR and PALSAR-2." In IGARSS 2016 - 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2016.7730004.

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Touzi, R., M. Shimada, T. Motohka, and S. Nedelcu. "Assessment of PALSAR-2 Compact Calibration." In IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2018.8518047.

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Touzi, R., M. Shimada, T. Motohka, and and S. Nedelcu. "Palsar-2 Compact Assessment and Calibration." In IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8899252.

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Reports on the topic "Palstat"

1

Provencher, L., and J. M. Dubois. Interpretation guide of natural geographic features from ETM+ Landsat imagery and aerial photography: palsa bog. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/314955.

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