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Journal articles on the topic 'PALS'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 24 January 2023

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1

De Costa, Devika M., Katsunori Suzuki, and Kazuo Yoshida. "Structural and Functional Analysis of a Putative Gene Cluster for Palatinose Transport on the Linear Chromosome of Agrobacterium tumefaciens MAFF301001." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 7 (April 1, 2003): 2369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.7.2369-2373.2003.

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ABSTRACT We identified a putative pal gene cluster (palR, palE, palF, palG, palK, palA, and palB) in the plant-tumorigenic bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens MAFF301001; by sequencing analyses, this cluster was found to be involved in palatinose transport, and its functional importance was revealed by mutational analyses. The pal gene products were highly homologous to those of putative trehalose/maltose ABC-type transport systems but were not essential to bacterial growth on trehalose. Insertion mutations in the palK and palE genes showed the necessity of these genes for bacterial growth and chemotaxis with palatinose as the carbon source, but no inhibition of tumorigenesis was observed. Growth on trehalose and maltose was not influenced by the mutations.

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2

Reichert, Angelika I., Xian-Zhi He, and Richard A. Dixon. "Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum): characterization of the four tobacco PAL genes and active heterotetrameric enzymes1." Biochemical Journal 424, no. 2 (November 11, 2009): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20090620.

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PAL (L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase), the first enzyme of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, is often encoded by multigene families in plants. A PCR-based approach was used to isolate cDNA clones corresponding to the four PAL genes of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). By careful comparison of cDNA and genomic clones, a new PAL gene (PAL4) was defined. PCR amplification of PAL sequences from cDNA led to the generation of chimaeric clones between PAL1 and PAL4, and incorrect annotation of PAL4 ESTs (expressed sequence tags) as PAL1 in the EST database has given rise to a randomly shuffled tentative consensus sequence. The PAL2 previously described in the literature was shown, by domain swapping experiments with PAL1, to possess a single nucleotide substitution leading to an inactive enzyme. The altered amino acid resulting from this substitution maps to the base of the active site pocket in the three-dimensional structure of PAL. The inactive PAL2 allele could not be recovered from 13 different tobacco cultivars examined. PALs 1–4 were co-expressed in multiple plant organs, and were also co-induced following exposure of cell cultures to yeast elicitor or methyl jasmonate. All four tobacco PAL proteins expressed in Escherichia coli displayed normal Michaelis–Menten kinetics, with Km values between 36 and 60 μM. Co-expression of different PAL proteins in E. coli resulted in formation of heterotetramers, which possessed kinetic properties within the same range as those of the individual homotetramers. The potential physiological function of heterotetrameric PAL forms is discussed.

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3

Armitstead, Claire. "Bosom pals." British Journalism Review 33, no. 3 (September 2022): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09564748221121486f.

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4

Northup, George W. "Pain pals." Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 85, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jom-1985-850210.

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5

Lynch, Deidre. "Pen Pals." Novel 54, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00295132-9353953.

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6

Carpenter, Tom. "Pen pals." Learning Disability Practice 11, no. 10 (December 9, 2008): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ldp.11.10.39.s21.

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7

Colson, Charles. "Pen Pals." Journal of Christian Nursing 2, no. 1 (1985): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005217-198502010-00004.

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8

Machir, John, and Cfle Jennifer Skinner. "Pencil Pals." Journal of Intergenerational Relationships 2, no. 2 (July 8, 2004): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j194v02n02_07.

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9

Witmer, David R. "PALs program." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 54, no. 15 (August 1, 1997): 1701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/54.15.1701.

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10

Zink, Therese M. "Dog Pals." JAMA 295, no. 16 (April 26, 2006): 1877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.16.1877.

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11

McMaster, Kristen L., Shu-Hsuan Kung, Insoon Han, and Marisa Cao. "Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies: A “Tier 1” Approach to Promoting English Learners' Response to Intervention." Exceptional Children 74, no. 2 (January 2008): 194–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440290807400204.

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This study determined the effectiveness of Kindergarten Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies (K—PALS) for English Learners (ELs). We compared 20 K—PALS ELs to 20 Control ELs and to 20 K—PALS non-ELs on early reading skill acquisition, using a pretest—posttest control group design with matched samples. We also compared proportions of ELs unresponsive to K—PALS to ELs unresponsive to traditional instruction. Teachers implemented K—PALS 4 times per week for 18 weeks. Following intervention, analyses of covariance on posttest measures indicated that K—PALS ELs performed reliably higher than Control ELs on measures of phonemic awareness and letter sound recognition, and they performed similarly to K—PALS non-ELs. Findings are discussed in terms of K—PALS efficacy for ELs in a response-to-intervention framework.

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12

Sáenz, Laura M., Kristen L. McMaster, Douglas Fuchs, and Lynn S. Fuchs. "Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies in Reading for Students With Different Learning Needs." Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology 6, no. 3 (January 2007): 395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/194589507787382089.

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This paper provides on overview of the classwide peer-tutoring strategy known as Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies (PALS) for reading. Specific activities and research supporting PALS for Kindergarten, First Grade, Grades 2 through 6, and High School are described. Then, research addressing the characteristics of students who have not responded to PALS, as well as approaches to identification and further intervention for PALS nonresponders, is summarized. Current efforts to examine PALS when taken “to scale” are briefly described followed by ways to obtain PALS materials and training.

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13

Sekulic, Damir, Mateo Blazevic, Barbara Gilic, Ivan Kvesic, and Natasa Zenic. "Prospective Analysis of Levels and Correlates of Physical Activity during COVID-19 Pandemic and Imposed Rules of Social Distancing; Gender Specific Study among Adolescents from Southern Croatia." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 4072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104072.

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Background: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, global authorities have imposed rules of social distancing that directly influence overall physical activity in populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trends of changes in physical-activity levels (PALs) in adolescents and factors that may be associated with PALs among the studied boys and girls. Methods: Participants in this prospective study comprised 388 adolescents (126 females; mean age: 16.4 ± 1.9 years) from southern Croatia who were tested at a baseline (before the imposed rules of social distancing) and at a follow-up measurement (three weeks after the initiation). Baseline testing included anthropometric variables, variables of fitness status (done at the beginning of the school year), and PALs. At the follow-up, participants were tested on PALs. PALs were evaluated over an online platform using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents. Results: A significant decrease of PALs was evidenced for the total sample (t-test = 3.46, p < 0.001), which was primarily influenced by a significant decrease of PALs in boys (t-test = 5.15, p < 0.001). The fitness status (jumping capacity, abdominal strength, aerobic endurance, and anaerobic endurance) was systematically positively correlated with PALs at the baseline and follow-up among boys and girls, with the most evident association between aerobic and anaerobic endurance capacities and PALs. Correlations between anthropometric and fitness variables with changes in physical activity (e.g., the difference between baseline and follow-up PALs) were negligible. Conclusions: Differences in PAL changes between genders were probably related to the fact that PALs among boys were mostly related to participation in organized sports. Correlations between baseline fitness status and PALs indicated the importance of overall physical literacy in preserving PALs in challenging circumstances, such as the COVID-19 pandemic observed here.

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Stellflug, Stacy M., and Nancy K. Lowe. "Development of the Pediatric Advanced Life Support Skills Self-Efficacy Inventory to Assess Rural Healthcare Providers." Journal of Nursing Measurement 28, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jnm-d-18-00076.

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Background and PurposeRural healthcare provider's willingness to implement pediatric resuscitation may be impeded by comfort level. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Pediatric Advanced Life Support Skill Self-Efficacy Inventory (PALS-SSEI).MethodsA 19-item inventory was created based on PALS skills. The PALS-SSEI was completed by 94 participants in a study to test the effects of simulation training on PALS knowledge and skill.ResultsSix clinical content experts rated the content validity of the PALS-SSEI as high. Item and factor analysis supported the tool's construct validity. A Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.88 supported the internal consistency of the tool.ConclusionsThe PALS-SSEI demonstrated good initial psychometric properties. The tool can be used to assess self-efficacy for PALS skills among healthcare providers.

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15

Parish, Colin. "Old pals act." Nursing Standard 14, no. 48 (August 16, 2000): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.14.48.12.s26.

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16

Schwartz, Alan Jay. "PALS Update, 2009." ASA Refresher Courses in Anesthesiology 37, no. 1 (July 2009): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/asa.0b013e3181a68e52.

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17

Swon Lewis, Kim. "Speech Pen Pals." ASHA Leader 20, no. 10 (October 2015): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.hytt.20102015.42.

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&NA;. "Foreign Pen Pals." Nursing Management (Springhouse) 25, no. 3 (March 1994): 12???13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006247-199403000-00002.

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19

Dunst, Carl J., and Carol M. Trivette. "Letʼs Be PALS." Infants & Young Children 22, no. 3 (July 2009): 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/iyc.0b013e3181abe169.

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20

Henderson, Kathryn Luther. "Electronic "Keyboard Pals":." Serials Librarian 29, no. 3-4 (July 1996): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j123v29n03_13.

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21

Gupta, Shalu, and L. N. Taneja. "PALS update 2010." Indian Pediatrics 49, no. 10 (October 2012): 789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13312-012-0180-8.

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Bruce-Jones, Joanna. "Pals: paediatric resuscitation." Emergency Nurse 2, no. 1 (May 1994): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/en.2.1.7.s3.

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23

Rosenberg, D. I. "PALS IMPACT STUDY." Pediatric Emergency Care 8, no. 5 (October 1992): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006565-199210000-00042.

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Sekulic, Damir, Dora Maric, Sime Versic, Ante Zevrnja, Admir Terzic, and Natasa Zenic. "Familial and Parental Predictors of Physical Activity in Late Adolescence: Prospective Analysis over a Two-Year Period." Healthcare 9, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9020132.

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Children’s health behaviors are highly influenced by their parents and family. This study aimed to prospectively evaluate the parental/familial factors associated with physical activity levels (PALs) among older adolescents. The participants were 766 adolescents, who were prospectively observed at baseline (when they were 16 years of age), at first follow-up measurement (FU1; 17 years of age), and second follow-up measurement (FU2; 18 years of age). Sociodemographic factors (age, gender, socioeconomic status, and sport participation) and parental/familial variables were evaluated at baseline. PALs (evidenced by the Physical-Activity Questionnaire-for-Adolescents) were prospectively evidenced at baseline, FU1, and FU2. Factorial analysis of variance for repeated measurements showed a significant decrease in PALs during the study course (F = 83.05, p < 0.001). Sport participation and male gender were significant predictors of PALs at baseline, FU1, and FU2. Logistic regression, controlled for sport participation and male gender, evidenced paternal education as a significant predictor of baseline PALs. Parental conflict was a significant predictor of PALs in all three testing waves. The significant influence of paternal education on the children’s PALs existed from younger adolescence until the age of 17 years. The association between parental conflict and PALs developed in older adolescence. These results should be used in the development of specific and targeted interventions aimed at the improvement of PALs and a reduction of sedentarism in youth.

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Rabin, Jill Maura, Katherine C. Farner, Alice H. Brody, Alexandra Peyser, and Myriam Kline. "Compassionate Coverage: A Patient Access Linen System." Journal of Patient Experience 6, no. 3 (August 7, 2018): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2374373518793411.

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Background: Patient attire is paramount to patient’s dignity and overall experience. In this pilot study and in concert with a designer and clinician, we developed, patented, tested, and evaluated patient and provider preference and experience with a novel patient gowning system. Our objective was to survey obstetrics and gynecology hospital inpatients’ and providers’ experience with a novel hospital attire system; the patient access linen system (PALS). Methods: Patients were provided a PALS item at the beginning of a provider’s shift or at the start of an outpatient visit. Following their use of the PALS item, the patients and providers completed a separate multiple-choice and free-response question survey. Surveys were completed by patients each time a PALS item was returned to the provider for processing. Results: Patients and providers had a significantly positive experience with the PALS. The majority of patients had positive responses to each question about comfort and function of the PALS system, showed consistent preference for the PALS in comparison to a traditional hospital gown and demonstrated that comfort of hospital clothing is a priority for patients. The majority of providers found PALS easy to use when compared to the traditional gown with regard to clinical examinations. Conclusion: Patients in our pilot prioritized hospital attire as a key element in their overall hospital experience, and both patients and providers preferred the PALS system over the traditional hospital gown. Further study is needed on patient attire and evaluation of the potential clinical impact of the PALS.

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Shepard, Keegan, Ruta Buivydaite, and Charles Vincent. "How do National Health Service (NHS) organisations respond to patient concerns? A qualitative interview study of the Patient Advice and Liaison Service (PALS)." BMJ Open 11, no. 11 (November 2021): e053239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053239.

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ObjectivesTo describe the current work of the Patient Advice and Liaison Service (PALS) and assess the service’s potential to resolve concerns and contribute to organisational learning.DesignA qualitative study using semistructured interviews.SettingFour mental health trusts and four acute trusts in the English National Health Service, a total of eight PALS across different trusts.ParticipantsTwenty-four participants comprising of PALS staff and clinicians working with PALS teams.MethodsSemistructured interviews were undertaken with participants using video conferencing software. The framework method was used for the analysis of the large qualitative dataset, which is a conventional method of analysis, similar to thematic or qualitative content analysis.ResultsPALS teams fulfil their core responsibilities by acting as point of contact for patients, providing information and resolving a variety of recurrent problems, including PALS staff communication, staff attitudes and waiting times. The remit and responsibilities of each PALS has often broadened over time. Barriers to resolving concerns included a lack of awareness of PALS, limited to no policies informing how staff resolve concerns, an emphasis on complaints and the attitude of clinical staff. Senior management had widely differing views on how the PALS should operate and the management of complaints is a much higher priority. Few PALS teams carried out any analysis of the data or shared data within their organisations.ConclusionsPALS teams fulfil their core responsibilities by acting as point of contact for patients, providing information and resolving concerns. PALS staff also act as navigators of services, mediators between families and staff and, occasionally, patient advocates in supporting them to raise concerns. PALS has the potential to reduce complaints, increase patient satisfaction and provide rapid organisational feedback. Achieving this potential will require more awareness and support within organisations together with updated national policy guidance.

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Kobayashi, Yoshinori, Masato Yamawaki, Toshitaka Oka, Seiichi Saiki, Hamdy F. M. Mohamed, Kanehisa Hattori, and Yoshihiro Watanabe. "Positron Lifetimes and Mechanical Properties of Gamma-Irradiated Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene." Materials Science Forum 733 (November 2012): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.733.147.

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Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) has widely been used for probing open volume defects in various materials. PALS is in principle non-destructive, yet conventional PALS is not strictly non-destructive because cutting out of two specimens from the material is required. Recently we developed a novel method of PALS, which is potentially applicable to non-destructive, onsite material inspection. In order to explore the possibility of onsite monitoring of polymer degradation by this novel method of PALS, we studied variations of positron lifetime and mechanical properties of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) subjected to γ-irradiation. Correlations were found between the mechanical properties and ortho-positronium lifetimes, suggesting the feasibility of non-destructive, onsite monitoring of polymer degradation by PALS. The effect of γ-irradiation on positronium formation is discussed.

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28

Gang, Spencer S., Manish Grover, Kirthi C. Reddy, Deevya Raman, Ya-Ting Chang, Damian C. Ekiert, Michalis Barkoulas, and Emily R. Troemel. "A pals-25 gain-of-function allele triggers systemic resistance against natural pathogens of C. elegans." PLOS Genetics 18, no. 10 (October 3, 2022): e1010314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010314.

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Regulation of immunity throughout an organism is critical for host defense. Previous studies in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have described an “ON/OFF” immune switch comprised of the antagonistic paralogs PALS-25 and PALS-22, which regulate resistance against intestinal and epidermal pathogens. Here, we identify and characterize a PALS-25 gain-of-function mutant protein with a premature stop (Q293*), which we find is freed from physical repression by its negative regulator, the PALS-22 protein. PALS-25(Q293*) activates two related gene expression programs, the Oomycete Recognition Response (ORR) against natural pathogens of the epidermis, and the Intracellular Pathogen Response (IPR) against natural intracellular pathogens of the intestine. A subset of ORR/IPR genes is upregulated in pals-25(Q293*) mutants, and they are resistant to oomycete infection in the epidermis, and microsporidia and virus infection in the intestine, but without compromising growth. Surprisingly, we find that activation of PALS-25 seems to primarily stimulate the downstream bZIP transcription factor ZIP-1 in the epidermis, with upregulation of gene expression in both the epidermis and in the intestine. Interestingly, we find that PALS-22/25-regulated epidermal-to-intestinal signaling promotes resistance to the N. parisii intestinal pathogen, demonstrating cross-tissue protective immune induction from one epithelial tissue to another in C. elegans.

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Zenic, Natasa, Redha Taiar, Barbara Gilic, Mateo Blazevic, Dora Maric, Haris Pojskic, and Damir Sekulic. "Levels and Changes of Physical Activity in Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Contextualizing Urban vs. Rural Living Environment." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (June 9, 2020): 3997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113997.

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The COVID-19 pandemic and the social distancing implemented shortly after influence physical activity levels (PALs). The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the changes in PAL and factors associated with PALs among Croatian adolescents while considering the impact of community (urban vs. rural living environment). The sample included 823 adolescents (mean age: 16.5 ± 2.1 years) who were tested on baseline (from October 2019 to March 2020; before COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia) and follow-up (in April 2020; during the COVID-19 pandemic and imposed rules of social distancing). Baseline testing included anthropometrics, physical fitness status, and evaluation of PALs, while follow-up included only PALs (evaluated by a standardized questionnaire through an internet application). The results showed a significant influence of the living environment on the decrease of PAL, with a larger decrease in urban adolescents. Logistic regression showed a higher likelihood for normal PALs at baseline in adolescents who had better fitness status, with no strong confounding effect of the urban/rural environment. The fitness status of urban adolescents predicted their PALs at follow-up. The differences between urban and rural adolescents with regard to the established changes in PALs and relationships between the predictors and PALs are explained by the characteristics of the living communities (lack of organized sports in rural areas), and the level of social distancing in the studied period and region/country.

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30

Falk, Katherine B., and Joseph H. Wehby. "The Effects of Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies on the Beginning Reading Skills of Young Children with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders." Behavioral Disorders 26, no. 4 (October 2001): 344–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019874290102600404.

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Students with emotional or behavioral disorders (E/BD) often exhibit reading problems that contribute to a progressive pattern of academic underachievement and school failure. However, limited research exists concerning effective reading interventions for students with E/BD. One reading program that has been validated in the literature with students who have learning disabilities (LD) is Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies (PALS), which consists of teacher-led and peer tutoring components. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Kindergarten PALS (K-PALS) in increasing the beginning reading skills of kindergarten students identified as having E/BD. Results indicated that the peer tutoring phase of K-PALS led to increases in student scores on letter-sound correspondence and blending probes. Consistent with the literature on the efficacy of PALS with the LD population, these findings suggest that K-PALS is a promising approach in increasing the reading performance of students with E/BD who are at risk for reading failure.

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Fuchs, Lynn S., Douglas Fuchs, and Sarah Kazdan. "Effects of Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies on High School Students with Serious Reading Problems." Remedial and Special Education 20, no. 5 (September 1999): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074193259902000507.

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This study examined the effects of peer-assisted learning strategies (PALS) on students' literacy development and beliefs about reading, when PALS is implemented with secondary-level students in remedial and special education classes. Teachers were assigned to PALS ( n = 9 classes) and contrast ( n = 9 classes) treatments. Teachers implemented PALS with their entire classes five times every 2 weeks, for 16 weeks. To designate research participants for outcome measurement, teachers identified all students whose reading instructional levels were Grades 2 through 6. Reading comprehension and fluency were measured before and after treatment; beliefs were indexed after treatment. Analyses of variance indicated that, compared to contrast counterparts, PALS students grew more on reading comprehension and reported more positive beliefs about working hard to improve reading. However, PALS and contrast students grew comparably on reading fluency and reported similar beliefs about being and wanting to become better readers. Implications are discussed for developing effective forms of peer-mediated instruction for use in high school remedial and special education classes.

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Calcagno-Pizarelli, Ana M., Susana Negrete-Urtasun, Steven H. Denison, Joanna D. Rudnicka, Henk-Jan Bussink, Tatiana Múnera-Huertas, Ljiljana Stanton, et al. "Establishment of the Ambient pH Signaling Complex in Aspergillus nidulans: PalI Assists Plasma Membrane Localization of PalH." Eukaryotic Cell 6, no. 12 (December 2007): 2365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00275-07.

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ABSTRACT The Aspergillus nidulans ambient pH signaling pathway involves two transmembrane domain (TMD)-containing proteins, PalH and PalI. We provide in silico and mutational evidence suggesting that PalI is a three TMD (3-TMD) protein with an N-terminal signal peptide, and we show that PalI localizes to the plasma membrane. PalI is not essential for the proteolytic conversion of the PacC translation product into the processed 27-kDa form, but its absence markedly reduces the accumulation of the 53-kDa intermediate after cells are shifted to an alkaline pH. PalI and its homologues contain a predicted luminal, conserved Gly-Cys-containing motif that distantly resembles a Gly-rich dimerization domain. The Gly44Arg and Gly47Asp substitutions within this motif lead to loss of function. The Gly47Asp substitution prevents plasma membrane localization of PalI-green fluorescent protein (GFP) and leads to its missorting into the multivesicular body pathway. Overexpression of the likely ambient alkaline pH receptor, the 7-TMD protein PalH, partially suppresses the null palI32 mutation. Although some PalH-GFP localizes to the plasma membrane, it predominates in internal membranes. However, the coexpression of PalI to stoichiometrically similar levels results in the strong predominance of PalH-GFP in the plasma membrane. Thus, one role for PalI, but possibly not the only role, is to assist with plasma membrane localization of PalH. These data, considered along with previous reports for both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and A. nidulans, strongly support the prevailing model of pH signaling involving two spatially segregated complexes: a plasma membrane complex containing PalH, PalI, and the arrestin-like protein PalF and an endosomal membrane complex containing PalA and PalB, to which PacC is recruited for its proteolytic activation.

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33

Sáenz, Laura M., Lynn S. Fuchs, and Douglas Fuchs. "Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies for English Language Learners with Learning Disabilities." Exceptional Children 71, no. 3 (April 2005): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440290507100302.

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This study assessed the effects of Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies (PALS), a reciprocal classwide peer-tutoring strategy, on the reading performance of native Spanish-speaking students with learning disabilities (LD) and their low-, average-, and high-achieving classroom peers. Participants were 132 native Spanish-speaking English language learners (ELL) in Grades 3 through 6, along with their 12 reading teachers. Teachers were assigned randomly to PALS and contrast groups. PALS sessions were conducted 3 times a week for 15 weeks. Students were tested before and after treatment. PALS students outgrew contrast students on reading comprehension, and those effects were not mediated by student type.

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34

Alpins, Noel, and George Stamatelatos. "PALS Syndrome Post-LASIK." US Ophthalmic Review 12, no. 1 (2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/usor.2019.12.1.37.

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35

Hook, Marilyn E. "Idea: Mystery Pen Pals." Hispania 78, no. 2 (May 1995): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/345436.

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36

Holmlund, Christine Anne. "Pippi and Her Pals." Cinema Journal 42, no. 2 (2003): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cj.2003.0005.

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37

Hemphill, Michael A., Andrew K. Richards, Bonnie T. Blankenship, Stephanie Beck, and Diane Keith. "Making PALS Through Partnerships." Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 83, no. 9 (November 2012): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2012.10598843.

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38

Taylor, Sue. "PALS pilot in Hillingdon." Practice Nursing 13, no. 5 (May 2002): 194–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/pnur.2002.13.5.10410.

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39

Footman-Walker Associates Limited. "Patient advice letters (PALs)." Journal of Orthopaedic Nursing 1, no. 3 (August 1997): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1361-3111(97)80037-4.

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Goworek, T. "Mesopore characterization by PALS." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 68, no. 3-4 (October 2003): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-806x(03)00180-4.

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Bartlett, R. A. "Our Pals (aka Reviewers)." Choice Reviews Online 50, no. 02 (October 1, 2012): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.50.02.204.

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Doymaz, Sule, Munaza Rizvi, Marguerite Orsi, and Clara Giambruno. "How Prepared Are Pediatric Residents for Pediatric Emergencies: Is Pediatric Advanced Life Support Certification Every 2 Years Adequate?" Global Pediatric Health 6 (January 2019): 2333794X1987680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x19876809.

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Objectives. We assessed pediatric residents’ retention of knowledge and clinical skills according to the time since their last American Heart Association Pediatric Advanced Life Support (AHA PALS) certification. Methods. Sixty-four pediatric residents were recruited and divided into 3 groups based on the time since their last PALS certification, as follows: group 1, 0 to 8 months; group 2, 9 to 16 months, and group 3, 17 to 24 months. Residents’ knowledge was tested using 10 multiple-choice AHA PALS pretest questions and their clinical skills performance was assessed with simulation mock code scenarios using 2 different AHA PALS checklists, and mean scores were calculated for the 3 groups. Differences in the test scores and overall clinical skill performances among the 3 groups were analyzed using analyses of variance, χ2 tests, and Jonckheere-Terpstra tests. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. Results. The pediatric residents’ mean overall clinical skills performance scores declined within the first 8 months after their last AHA PALS certification date and continued to decrease over time (87%, 82.6%, and 77.4% for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively; P = .048). Residents’ multiple-choice test scores declined in all 3 groups, but the scores were not significantly different. Conclusions. Residents’ clinical skills performance declined within the first 8 months after PALS certification and continued to decline as the time from the last certification increased. Using mock code simulations and reinforcing AHA PALS guidelines during pediatric residency deserve further evaluation.

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McMaster, Kristen L., Douglas Fuchs, Lynn S. Fuchs, and Donald L. Compton. "Responding to Nonresponders: An Experimental Field Trial of Identification and Intervention Methods." Exceptional Children 71, no. 4 (July 2005): 445–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440290507100404.

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First graders (N = 323) participated in an evidence-based classwide reading program (Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies; PALS). Adual-discrepancy approach was used to identify 56 children whose reading performance and growth rates were substantially below those of average readers, indicating they were not responding sufficiently to PALS. This approach reliably distinguished among unresponsive at-risk, responsive at-risk, and average-performing readers. Nonresponders were assigned randomly to one of three increasingly individualized treatments: PALS, Modified PALS, or tutoring by an adult. No statistically significant between-group differences on reading-related measures were found. Effect sizes (between .30 and .50) comparing groups and proportions of nonresponders following treatment suggest that tutoring was most promising for reducing unresponsiveness.

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Abreu Filho, Antonio Geraldo, Leila Salomão Plata Cury Tardivo, Acary Souza Bulle Oliveira, and Helga Cristina Almeida da Silva. "Brazilian Nursing and Psychology students' visits to patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: prospective analysis." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 77, no. 11 (November 2019): 782–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20190134.

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ABSTRACT Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease without a cure, but multidisciplinary treatment can maintain the quality of life (QOL) of persons with ALS (PALS). Despite health professionals possibly being affected by ALS in their care roles, little is known about the impact of ALS care on these professionals. Objective: To analyze the effects of interactions between PALS and Nursing/Psychology students. Methods: Over 12 weeks, 16 student pairs performed weekly 60-minute home visits to 16 PALS. Instruments used for analyses were the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire for the PALS; and the Draw-a-Person test and the Desiderative Questionnaire for the students. All instruments were applied twice: at the beginning (pre-first visit) and at the end of the study (post-12 visits). Results: After 12 weeks, there was not a significant change in total QOL or its five domains (existential wellbeing, physical wellbeing, psychological wellbeing, physical symptoms, and support). Existential wellbeing/support domains contributed most to the QOL of the PALS (pre-first visit and post-12 visits). Students showed anxiety/impulsivity but preserved adequacy to reality, logical thinking and global perception with regard to the PALS. We found that students were psychologically fragile in some subgroups/moments. Conclusions: Students' visits to PALS may contribute to the maintenance of the QOL of the patients. Additionally, visits, with psychological support for the students, seem safe and could contribute to the students' psychological maturation as health professionals. Additional psychological support may be necessary for some students in fragile subgroups/moments.

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Goldstein, Walter A., and Douglas L. Young. "An agronomic and economic comparison of a conventional and a low-input cropping system in the Palouse." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 2, no. 2 (1987): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300001570.

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AbstractThe variable costs and net returns for a conventionally managed rotation and for a low-input, legume-based rotation were compared under 1986 economic conditions in the Palouse region of Washington. The conventional system was a four-year wheat/barley/wheat/pea rotation with fertilizers and pesticide inputs each year. The low-input system was a three-year pea-medic/medic/wheat rotation with pesticide inputs used only on peas. As the biennial medic was allowed to set and drop seed and revolunteer in subsequent stands of spring peas, the system was called the “perpetuating-alternativelegume-system” or “PALS”. Identical wheat yields were assumed between the two systems as field trials showed that wheat which followed medic without fertilizer produced similar yields to wheat after cereals with fertilizer. Pea yields were assumed to be lower under PALS due to competition from the medic. Medic was neither harvested nor grazed. For PALS, herbicides on wheat were replaced by harrowing because trials showed that wheat after medic competed better with weeds than wheat after cereals. Variable costs for PALS were only 44 percent of those for the conventional system ($56.82 versus $129.40/acre/year). Fertilizers, pesticides, and application accounted for 56 percent of the costs for the conventional system, but only 26 percent for PALS. The conventional system generated higher gross returns because a crop was harvested every year. Because of its lower production costs, PALS generated higher net returns when crops were sold for market prices. The conventional system was more profitable than PALS only when wheat and barley were valued at current government target prices. Under high and low yielding conditions PALS was more profitable than the conventional system when wheat prices were lower than $3.50 and $5.36/bushel, respectively. Government target and local market wheat prices in 1986 were $4.38 and $2.40/bushel, respectively. If world market competition and domestic policy pressures reduce crop price supports and grain prices in the future, low-input systems would become more profitable than conventional practices. PALS is promising but requires further agronomic evaluation before recommendations can be made.

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Kmetík, V., J. Limpouch, R. Liska, and P. Váchal. "Modeling of annular-laser-beam-driven plasma jets from massive planar targets." Laser and Particle Beams 30, no. 3 (June 12, 2012): 445–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303461200033x.

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AbstractProduction of sharply collimated high velocity outflows – plasma jets from massive planar targets by a single laser beam at PALS facility is clarified via numerical simulations. Since only a few experimental data on the intensity distribution in the interaction beam near the focus are available for the PALS facility, the laser beam profile was calculated by a numerical model of the laser system and the interaction optics. The obtained intensity profiles are used as the input for plasma dynamic simulations by our cylindrical two-dimensional fluid code PALE. Jet formation due to laser intensity profile with a minimum on the axis is demonstrated. The outflow collimation improves significantly for heavier elements, even when radiative cooling is omitted. Using an optimized interaction beam profile, a homogeneous jet with a length exceeding its diameter by several times may be reliably generated for applications in laboratory astrophysics and impact ignition studies.

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Frankel, Robyn, Alexandra Peyser, Katherine Farner, and Jill Maura Rabin. "Healing by Leaps and Gowns: A Novel Patient Gowning System to the Rescue." Journal of Patient Experience 8 (January 1, 2021): 237437352110331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23743735211033152.

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Patient attire is paramount to a patient’s dignity and hospital experience. The traditional hospital gown is dehumanizing, anachronistic, and was designed for providers’ convenience. In this descriptive, prospective follow-up to our previous pilot study, we evaluated male and female medical and surgical patients and provider preference and experience with a novel patient gowning system, the Patient Access Linen System (PALS). This study was conducted in 2 hospitals within our health system. Our objective was to assess patient and provider satisfaction, experience, and preference using the PALS. A multiple-choice, free response survey was administered to patients and providers following the use of an item. A total of 315 patients and 249 staff in 2 hospitals completed surveys regarding their experience using or providing care to patients using the PALS. Patients and providers had consistently positive experiences with the PALS, including questions about comfort and function. The data demonstrate a clear preference for the PALS compared to the traditional hospital gown and give additional supporting evidence that the comfort of hospital clothing is of paramount importance to patients.

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Esposito, Roberta, Camilla Russo, Ciro Santoro, Sirio Cocozza, Eleonora Riccio, Regina Sorrentino, Giuseppe Pontillo, et al. "Association between Left Atrial Deformation and Brain Involvement in Patients with Anderson-Fabry Disease at Diagnosis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9 (August 25, 2020): 2741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092741.

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Background: Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD) can induce both central nervous system white matter lesions (WMLs) and cardiac abnormalities including left atrial (LA) dysfunction. We sought to evaluate the possible interrelations of LA structure and function impairment with the presence of WMLs in AFD patients. Methods 22 AFD patients and 22 controls, matched for age and sex, underwent an echo-Doppler exam including quantification of peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS). AFD patients underwent also a 3-T brain magnetic resonance imaging with a visual quantification of WMLs by Fazekas’ score (FS) on 3D FLAIR images. Results AFD patients had significantly higher left ventricular (LV) mass index (LVMi) and relative wall thickness, and lower PALS compared to controls. Among AFD patients, 9 showed a FS = 0, and 13 a FS > 1. AFD patients with FS ≥ 1 showed lower PALS (29.4 ± 6.7 vs. 37.2 ± 3.9%, p = 0.003) than those with FS = 0, without difference in LA volume index and LVMi. In AFD patients, FS was inversely related to PALS (r = −0.49, p < 0.0001), even after adjusting for LVMi (r = −0.43, p < 0.05). Conclusions In the absence of significant alterations in LA size, AFD patients had lower PALS compared to controls. The inverse association between PALS and presence of WMLs indicates a possible parallel early involvement of heart and brain.

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Smith, Sharon R., Stephanie T. Johnson, Samantha M. Oldman, and Valerie B. Duffy. "Pediatric Adapted Liking Survey: A Novel, Feasible and Reliable Dietary Screening in Clinical Practice." Caries Research 53, no. 2 (August 8, 2018): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000485467.

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Purpose: Rapid yet useful methods are needed to screen for dietary behaviors in clinical settings. We tested the feasibility and reliability of a pediatric adapted liking survey (PALS) to screen for dietary behaviors and suggest tailored caries and obesity prevention messages. Methods: In an observational study, children admitted to a pediatric emergency department (PED) for nonurgent care were approached to complete the PALS (33 foods, 4 nonfoods including brushing teeth). Measured height/weight were used for body mass index (BMI) percentile determination. Feasibility was assessed by response rate and PALS completion time. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency of food groups and test-retest reliability for PED-home reported PALS. Results: PALS was completed by 144 children (96% of approached) – 54% male (average age = 11 ± 3 years) with diversity in family income (43% publicly insured), race/ethnicity (15% African American, 33% Hispanic, 44% Caucasian) and adiposity (3% underweight, 50% normal, 31% overweight, 17% obese, 8% extremely obese). The average completion time was 3: 52 min, and conceptual food groups had reasonable internal reliability. From 57% (n = 82) with PED-home completion, PALS had a good/excellent test-retest reliability. Relative preferences for sweets versus brushing teeth identified unique groups of children for tailored prevention messages (high sweet/brushing preference, sweets > brushing, brushing > sweets). Females with higher adiposity reported significantly greater preference for sweet/high-fat foods, independently of demographic variables; the relationship was nonsignificant in males and with the other food groups. Conclusion: The PALS appears to be a fast, feasible and reliable dietary screener in a clinical setting to assist in forming tailored diet-related messages for dental caries and obesity prevention.

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McLuskey, Karen, Joe Wandy, Isabel Vincent, Justin J. J. van der Hooft, Simon Rogers, Karl Burgess, and Rónán Daly. "Ranking Metabolite Sets by Their Activity Levels." Metabolites 11, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11020103.

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Related metabolites can be grouped into sets in many ways, e.g., by their participation in series of chemical reactions (forming metabolic pathways), or based on fragmentation spectral similarities or shared chemical substructures. Understanding how such metabolite sets change in relation to experimental factors can be incredibly useful in the interpretation and understanding of complex metabolomics data sets. However, many of the available tools that are used to perform this analysis are not entirely suitable for the analysis of untargeted metabolomics measurements. Here, we present PALS (Pathway Activity Level Scoring), a Python library, command line tool, and Web application that performs the ranking of significantly changing metabolite sets over different experimental conditions. The main algorithm in PALS is based on the pathway level analysis of gene expression (PLAGE) factorisation method and is denoted as mPLAGE (PLAGE for metabolomics). As an example of an application, PALS is used to analyse metabolites grouped as metabolic pathways and by shared tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation patterns. A comparison of mPLAGE with two other commonly used methods (overrepresentation analysis (ORA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)) is also given and reveals that mPLAGE is more robust to missing features and noisy data than the alternatives. As further examples, PALS is also applied to human African trypanosomiasis, Rhamnaceae, and American Gut Project data. In addition, normalisation can have a significant impact on pathway analysis results, and PALS offers a framework to further investigate this. PALS is freely available from our project Web site.

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