Journal articles: 'Palladium/platinum compounds'

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Soejima, Takashi, and Kei-ji Iwatsuki. "Innovative Use of Palladium Compounds To Selectively Detect Live Enterobacteriaceae in Milk by PCR." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 23 (September 23, 2016): 6930–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01613-16.

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ABSTRACTEthidium monoazide and propidium monoazide (EMA and PMA) have been used in combination with PCR for more than a decade to facilitate the discrimination of live and dead bacteria (LD discrimination). These methods, however, require many laborious procedures, including the use of a darkroom. Here, we demonstrate an innovative use of palladium compounds involving lower limits of detection and quantification of targeted live cells, fewer laborious procedures, lower costs, and potentially higher-throughput analysis than the use of EMA and PMA. We have also recently reported platinum compounds for LD discrimination, but platinum compounds carry costs that are 3 times higher because of the requirement for much larger amounts for LD discrimination than palladium compounds. Palladium compounds can penetrate dead (compromised) but not live bacteria and can be chelated primarily by chromosomal DNA and cell wall transmembrane proteins, with small amounts of DNA-binding proteinsin vivo. The new mechanism for palladium compounds is obviously different from that of platinum compounds, which primarily target DNA. Combining palladium compounds with PCR (Pd-PCR) in water resulted in discrimination between live and deadEnterobacteriaceaebacteria that was much clearer than that seen with the PMA method. Pd-PCR correlated with reference plating or with the currently used PMA-PCR method for pasteurized milk, based on EN ISO 16140:2003 validation. Pd-PCR enabled us to specifically detect and assay viableEnterobacteriaceaecells at concentrations of 5 to 10 CFU/ml in milk while following U.S./EU regulations after a 4.5-h process in a typical laboratory exposed to natural or electric light, as specified by U.S./EU regulations.IMPORTANCEEthidium monoazide and propidium monoazide (EMA and PMA) facilitate the discrimination of live and dead bacteria (LD discrimination). These methods, however, require many laborious procedures, including the use of a darkroom. Here, we demonstrate an innovative use of palladium compounds involving fewer laborious procedures, lower costs, and potentially higher-throughput analysis than the use of EMA and PMA. We have also recently reported platinum compounds for LD discrimination, but platinum compounds carry costs that are 3 times higher because of the requirement for much larger amounts for LD discrimination than palladium compounds, which have also a novel reaction mechanism different from that of platinum compounds. In view of testing cost, palladium compounds are also very useful here compared with platinum compounds. Ultimately, the innovative Pd-PCR method may be also substituted for the currently used reference plating methods.

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Yoshimura, Akihiro, Shunta Tochigi, and Yasunari Matsuno. "Fundamental Study of Palladium Recycling Using “Dry Aqua Regia” Considering the Recovery from Spent Auto-catalyst." Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 7, no. 1 (February 16, 2021): 266–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-020-00335-x.

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AbstractIn this research, a recycling process for palladium using “dry aqua regia,” which consists of iron(III) chloride–potassium chloride, was proposed. Palladium was dissolved in “dry aqua regia,” and the dissolved palladium was recovered by leaching with potassium chloride solution with added ammonium chloride and nitric acid. Palladium was almost completely dissolved in 3 h at 600 K, and the recovery ratio of dissolved palladium was up to 80%. In addition, the dissolution of palladium in coexistence with platinum and the dissolution of platinum-palladium alloy by “dry aqua regia” were also tested. The dissolved palladium and platinum were separated and recovered by solid–liquid separation technique using the difference in solubility of their compounds in potassium chloride and sodium chloride solutions. As a result, pure compounds of each element were recovered. This result suggested the possibility of using “dry aqua regia” for the separation of platinum-group metals. Graphical Abstract

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Freiesleben, Doris, Barbara Wagner, Helmut Hartl, Wolfgang Beck, Michael Hollstein, and Franz Lux. "Notizen: Auflösung von Palladium- und Platinpulver durch biogene Stoffe / Dissolution of Palladium and Platinum Powder by Biogenic Compounds." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 48, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 847–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1993-0621.

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Palladium and platinum powder dissolve at room temperature in oxygen saturated solutions of α-amino acids, peptides, nucleosides and ATP.The resulting mass concentrations of dissolved palladium and platinum were in the range from 10 to 100 μg/ml.

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Vogels, Christopher M., Heather L. Wellwood, Kumar Biradha, Michael J. Zaworotko, and Stephen A. Westcott. "Reactions of aminoboron compounds with palladium and platinum complexes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 7 (July 1, 1999): 1196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-106.

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Reactions of 3-NH2C6H4B(OH)2 (1, APBA) with [MCl4]2- (M = Pd, Pt) give the boronic acid-containing complexes, MCl2(APBA)2 (M = Pd, 2; M = Pt, 3). Addition of 1 to [PdCl2(COE)]2 (COE = η2-C8H14) ultimately led to PdCl2(APBA)2 (2). The pinacol derivative PdCl2(APBpin)2 (5, pin = O2C2Me4) was characterized by an X-ray diffraction study. Crystals of 5 were monoclinic, a = 13.836(5), b = 14.937(5), c = 11.287(5) Å, β = 99.042(9)°, Z = 2, with space group P21/c. Monoalkene complexes PtCl2(COE)(APBA) (8) and PtCl2(COE)(APBpin) (9) were generated from the addition of APBA and APBpin, respectively, to [PtCl2(COE)]2. Reactions of 2-NMe2CH2C6H4B(OH)2 (10) with palladium complex [PdCl2(COE)]2 proceed via selective BC bond cleavage to give the cyclopalladated dimer [PdCl(2-NMe2CH2C6H4)]2 as the major amine-containing product. Likewise, reactions with borinic esters H2NCH2CH2OBR2 (R = Bu, 14; R = Ph, 15) give products derived from cleavage of the BO bond. The unique palladium complex PdCl2[3-NC5H4B(OH)2]2 (19) was prepared by addition of (3-NC5H4BEt2)4 (18) to [PdCl2(COE)]2 in wet methylene chloride, where adventitious water was used to convert the organoborane product into the corresponding boronic acid moiety.Key words: aminoboronic acids, platinum, palladium, cyclomηllation.

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Acquaye, John Henry K. A., and Mary Frances Richardson. "Palladium and platinum complexes with vitamin B6 compounds." Inorganica Chimica Acta 201, no. 1 (November 1992): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(00)85009-4.

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Bauer, Rupert, and Christian Königstein. "Sterische Effekte auf die Hydrierstabilität von 1, 1′-Dialkyl-4,4′-bipyridiniumsalzen (Viologenen) in wasserphotolytischen Systemen / Steric Effects on the Hydrogen Stability of 1,1′-Dialkyl-4,4′-bipyridinium Salts (Viologens) in Water Photolytic Systems." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 46, no. 11 (November 1, 1991): 1544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1991-1115.

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The chemical stability of 1,1′-dialkyl-4,4′-bipyridinium compounds (viologens) as electron relay agents in hydrogen producing water photolytic systems is of great importance for practical applications. Three new 1,1′-dialkyl-4,4′-bipyridinium compounds (1 = 1,1′-dimethyl-2-phenyl-6-(p-tolyl)-4,4′-bipyridiniumdiperchlorate, 2 = 1,1′-dimethyl-2-phenyl-4,4′-bipyridiniumdiperchlorate, 3 = 6-phenyl-1,1′,2-trimethyl-4,4′-bipyridiniumdiperchlorate) have been investigated with respect to their stability and turnover numbers in a classical water photolytic system. H2 was detected during irradiation of solutions using Ru(bipy)3Cl2 as sensitizer, 1-3 as electron relay, EDTA as sacrificial electron donor, and a colloidal catalyst (platinum or palladium) with light λ > 400 nm. Quantum yields (platinum catalyst, light: 400-500 nm) were 18% 1 and 3, 16% 2, compared with methylviologen: 16%. The loss of 1,1′-dialkyl-4,4′-bipyridinium compounds due to hydrogenation was monitored by HPLC. Turnover Numbers (only hydrogen in gas phase was taken into account) were found to be 82 1, 64 2, 57 3 as compared with 39 for methylviologen. Using palladium or palladium supported on BaSO4 instead of platinum as catalysts did not increase the turnover numbers.

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Benn, R., P. Betz, R. Goddard, P. W. Jolly, N. Kokel, C. Krüger, and I. Topalović. "Intermediates in the Palladium-Catalyzed Reaction of 1,3-Dienes, Part 6 [1]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 46, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 1395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1991-1018.

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The structure of the (1,3-butadiene)M(R2PC2H4PR2) compounds (M = Ni, Pd, Pt; R = Pri, Bu′, Cy) in the solid-state have been investigated by 13C and 31P CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy. The bonding mode adopted by the diene is dependent upon the nature of the metal: the palladium compounds contain an η2-diene molecule, the nickel compound where R is cyclohexyl contains an η4-diene molecule whereas the Pr2iPC2H4PPr2i-stabilized platinum compound con- tains a platinacyclopentene ring. The crystal structures of (η2-1,3-C4H6)Pd(Cy2PC2H4PCy2) and (η4-1,3-C4H6)Ni(Cy2PC2H4PCy2) have been confirmed by X-ray diffraction.

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Kubrakova, I. V., O. A. Tyutyunnik, and S. A. Silant’ev. "Mobility of dissolved palladium and platinum species under water-rock interaction in chloride media: modeling of PGE behavior under interaction of oceanic serpentinites with sea water derivates." Геохимия 64, no. 3 (April 3, 2019): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016-7525643263-272.

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To elucidate the possibility of PGE transfer by highly-salt chloride solutions, the palladium and platinum behavior was simulated in the conditions of low-temperature hydrothermal transformation of serpentinites of the oceanic crust. In dynamic water-rock experiments using columns ﬁlled with crushed ultrabasic rocks of the ocean ﬂoor (harzburgite serpentinites of mid-oceanic ridges with diﬀerent degrees of carbonatization), it is established that the eﬃciency of palladium transfer depends on the alteration (carbonatization) degree of peridotites and under the experimental conditions is 80–100%. It is assumed that the transport of palladium occurs as a result of the formation of a strong complex compound with thiosulfate ion, which is an intermediate oxidation product in the “sulphide-sulfate” system. Platinum, hydrolyzed at approximately neutral pH and not forming compounds with thiosulfate ion, is completely retained by serpentinites, possibly due to sorption interactions with silicates. Thus, the higher mobility of palladium during the low- temperature transformation of abyssal peridotites and the dependence of the character of its distribution in the studied rocks on the processes of serpentinization and carbonatization have been conﬁrmed.

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Cossy, Janine. "Efficient cyclization routes to substituted heterocyclic compounds mediated by transition-metal catalysts." Pure and Applied Chemistry 82, no. 7 (May 14, 2010): 1365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-09-09-12.

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Cyclizations induced by transition metals such as palladium, platinum, gold, and ruthenium can produce functionalized heterocycles such as 3-(arylmethylene)isoindolones, γ-lactones, and unsaturated δ-lactones.

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Riera, Xavier, Concepción López, Amparo Caubet, Virtudes Moreno, Xavier Solans, and Mercè Font-Bardia. "Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) Compounds Containing Chiral Thioimines." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2001, no. 8 (August 2001): 2135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-0682(200108)2001:8<2135::aid-ejic2135>3.0.co;2-2.

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Rúa-Sueiro, Marcos, Paula Munin-Cruz, Francisco Reigosa, José M. Vila, and Juan M. Ortigueira. "Synthesis and X-ray Diffraction Study of thiosemicarbazone Palladacycles with dppm." Proceedings 62, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020062013.

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Cyclometallated compounds have been extensively studied, in particular those with palladium and platinum. This is because of their possible applications in medicinal chemistry, as anticancer or antimicrobial agents; in some cases, with similar results as cisplatin, carboplatin or oxaliplatin. What is also remarkable is their use as homogeneous catalysts, for example, in cross coupling reactions such as Suzuki–Miyaura or Mizoroki–Heck. Herein, we report the synthesis of different thiosemicarbazone ligands, which will be reacted with a palladium or platinum salt, to give the corresponding cyclometallated compounds; in addition, their reactivity with bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) will be studied. Characterization has been carried out by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, 1c has been studied by X-ray diffraction.

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Bergstrom, Donald E., Xiaoping Lin, Troy D. Wood, Myriam Witvrouw, Satoru Ikeda, Graciela Andrei, Robert Snoeck, Dominique Schols, and Erik De Clercq. "Polysulfonates Derived from Metal Thiolate Complexes as Inhibitors of HIV-1 and Various other Enveloped Viruses In Vitro." Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy 13, no. 3 (June 2002): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095632020201300305.

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Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate reacts with the metal ions Pd(II), Pt(II), Ag(I), Cd(II) and Zn(II) to yield complexes containing multiple anionic sulfonate sites. On the basis of spectroscopic and other analytical data the complexes were assigned the tentative molecular formulas: Pd6(SCH2CH2SO3Na)12, Ptn(SCH2CH2SO3Na)2n+2, Agn(SCH2CH2SO3Na)n, Na2Zn4(SCH2CH2SO3Na)10, and Na2Cd4(SCH2CH2SO3Na)10. The complexes displayed a variety of differences in activity towards DNA and RNA viruses. The platinum complex showed no measurable cytotoxicity and exhibited a spectrum of antiviral activity resembling that of dextran sulfate. It was active against HIV-1 and HIV-2, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), thymidine kinase-deficient HSV-1, human cytomegalovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Sindbis virus, Junin virus and Tacaribe virus. The palladium complex also showed no measurable cytotoxicity, but was completely inactive against most viruses, with one notable exception: both HIV-1 and HIV-2 were substantially inhibited by the palladium complex. The silver complex showed significantly less antiviral activity and greater cytotoxicity than the platinum complex but did show some selectivity against RSV. The zinc complex showed only modest activity against VSV, RSV, Junin virus, and Tacaribe virus, and like the silver compound was more cytotoxic than either the platinum or palladium complex. The cadmium complex was toxic to all of the cell lines used for in vitro evaluation of antiviral activity. Based on these results, the platinum and palladium compounds appear to be promising candidates for further studies, that is, as vaginal microbicides in the prevention of genital HIV and/or HSV transmission.

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Riera, X., V. Moreno, C. J. Ciudad, V. Noe, M. Font-Bardía, and X. Solans. "Complexes of Pd(II) and Pt(II) with 9-Aminoacridine: Reactions with DNA and Study of Their Antiproliferative Activity." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2007 (2007): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/98732.

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Four new metal complexes {M = Pd(II) or Pt(II)} containing the ligand 9-aminoacridine (9AA) were prepared. The compounds were characterized by FT-IR andH,C, andPtNMR spectroscopies. Crystal structure of the palladium complex of formulae[Pd(9AA)(μ-Cl)]2·2DMF was determined by X-ray diffraction. Two 9-acridine molecules in the imine form bind symmetrically to the metal ions in a bidentate fashion through the imine nitrogen atom and the C(1) atom of the aminoacridine closing a new five-membered ring. By reaction with phosphine or pyridine, the Cl bridges broke and compounds with general formulae [Pd(9AA)Cl(L)] (whereL=PPh3or py) were formed. A mononuclear complex of platinum of formulae [Pt(9AA)Cl(DMSO)] was also obtained by direct reaction of 9-aminoacridine and the complex [PtCl2(DMSO)2]. The capacity of the compounds to modify the secondary and tertiary structures of DNA was evaluated by means of circular dichroism and electrophoretic mobility. Both palladium and platinum compounds proved active in the modification of both the secondary and tertiary DNA structures. AFM images showed noticeable modifications of the morphology of the plasmid pBR322 DNA by the compounds probably due to the intercalation of the complexes between base pairs of the DNA molecule. Finally, the palladium complex was tested for antiproliferative activity against three different human tumor cell lines. The results suggest that the palladium complex of formula[Pd(9AA)(μ-Cl)]2has significant antiproliferative activity, although it is less active than cisplatin.

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Vojtek, Martin, Salomé Gonçalves-Monteiro, Edgar Pinto, Sára Kalivodová, Agostinho Almeida, Maria P. M. Marques, Ana L. M. Batista de Carvalho, et al. "Preclinical Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Anticancer Dinuclear Palladium(II)-Spermine Complex (Pd2Spm) in Mice." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14020173.

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Palladium-based compounds are regarded as potential analogs to platinum anticancer drugs with improved properties. The present study assessed the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of a dinuclear palladium(II)-spermine chelate (Pd2Spm), which has previously been shown to possess promising in vitro activity against several therapy-resistant cancers. Using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, the kinetic profiles of palladium/platinum in serum, serum ultrafiltrate and tissues (kidney, liver, brain, heart, lungs, ovaries, adipose tissue and mammary glands) were studied in healthy female Balb/c mice after a single intraperitoneal bolus injection of Pd2Spm (3 mg/kg bw) or cisplatin (3.5 mg/kg bw) between 0.5 and 48 h post-injection. Palladium in serum exhibited biphasic kinetics with a terminal half-life of 20.7 h, while the free palladium in serum ultrafiltrate showed a higher terminal half-life than platinum (35.5 versus 31.5 h). Palladium was distributed throughout most of the tissues except for the brain, with the highest values in the kidney, followed by the liver, lungs, ovaries, adipose tissue and mammary glands. The in vitro cellular accumulation was also evaluated in breast cancer cells, evidencing a passive diffusion as a mechanism of Pd2Spm’s cellular entry. This study reports, for the first time, the favorable pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of Pd2Spm, which may become a promising pharmacological agent for cancer treatment.

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Dodd, David W., Heather E. Toews, Michael J. Trevail, Michael C. Jennings, Robert HE Hudson, and Nathan D. Jones. "Synthesis and evaluation of the in vitro DNA-binding properties of chiral cis-dichloro(pyridyloxazoline)platinum(II) complexes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 87, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v08-131.

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A series of chiral cis-dichloro(pyridyloxazoline)platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes were synthesized and their reactivity towards a defined sequence of single-stranded and double-stranded DNA was investigated in comparison to cisplatin. The compounds differed in the nature and absolute configuration of the substituent at the C4 position of the oxazoline ring. The DNA-binding ability of these compounds was evaluated by HPLC analysis, post metal exposure, of enzymatic digests of an undecamer duplex containing one putative metallation site. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and thermal denaturation confirmed the results of the HPLC analysis, which showed that the stereochemistry and character of the substituent at the C4 position of the oxazoline ring had little effect on DNA binding, possibly due to the formation of monofunctional adducts.Key words: cisplatin, chiral, pyridyloxazoline, DNA-binding studies, platinum, palladium.

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ACQUAYE, J. H. K. A., and M. F. RICHARDSON. "ChemInform Abstract: Palladium and Platinum Complexes with Vitamin B6 Compounds." ChemInform 24, no. 5 (August 21, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199305249.

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17

Weigand, Wolfgang, Veronika Plener, Heinrich Nöth, Ingo Krossing, Jörg Knizek, and Martin Schmidt. "Functionalized 1,1-Ethene Dithiolates as Ligands, V [1]. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Complexes with Dithioylidene Barbituric Acid Ligands. Molecular Structure of a 2,6-Diaminopyridine-Platinum(II) Barbiturate Complex." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 53, no. 10 (October 1, 1998): 1135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1998-1009.

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AbstractThe 1,1-ethene dithiolato ligands (dithioylidene barbituric acids) 2a-f react with palladium(II) and platinum(II) compounds L2MCI2 [M = Pd, Pt; L = PEt3, PBu3, PPh3, 1/2 dppe, 1/2 (-)-DIOP, 1/2 2,9-dimethyl phenanthroline] to give the 1,1-ethene dithiolato metal complexes . Compound 4a forms a 1:1 adduct (8) with 2,6-diaminopyridine. The compounds were characterised on the basis of their IR and NMR (1H, 13C, 31P) spectra. Complexes 4a, 4c, and 5a were further studied by X-ray structural analysis. The barbituric unit in 4a undergoes self-assembly through multiple hydrogen-bonding with complementary 2 ,6-diaminopyridine yielding the supramolecular complex 8

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Bindi, L., F. Zaccarini, G. Garuti, and N. Angeli. "The solid solution between platinum and palladium in nature." Mineralogical Magazine 77, no. 3 (April 2013): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2013.077.3.04.

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AbstractChemical and structural data are reported for platinum–palladium intermediates from two nuggets found at Córrego Bom Sucesso, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Three grains with simple stoichiometries (i.e. PtxPd1−x with x ∼0.67, ∼0.5 and ∼0.33, which correspond to Pt2Pd, PtPd and PtPd2, respectively) were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electron-probe microanalysis. In the absence of single-crystal data it might be tempting to hypothesize that such simple stoichiometries represent distinct mineral species, however structural analyses show that all of the phases are cubic and crystallize in space group Fmm. They are, therefore, natural intermediates in the palladium–platinum solid solution. Reflectance and micro-hardness values are reported for the samples and a comparison with the pure metallic elements made. On the basis of information gained from the chemical and structural characterization it can be concluded that there is a complete solid solution between Pt and Pd in nature. These findings corroborate results from experiments on synthetic compounds.

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Chen, Jingtang, Thomas Pili, and Wolfgang Beck. "Metallkomplexe mit biologisch wichtigen Liganden, L [1] Palladium(II)-, Platin(II)- und Kupfer(II)-Komplexe von α-Aminosäure-N-Glykosiden und von Fructose-Aminosäuren (Amadori-Verbindungen) / Metal Complexes of Biologically Important Ligands, L [1] Palladium(II), Platinum(II) and Copper(II) Complexes of α-Amino Acid-N-Glycosides and of Fructose-Amino Acids (Amadori-Compounds)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 44, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1989-0414.

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Various N-glycosides derived from glucose and α-amino acids and the isomeric Amadori compounds form bis(chelate) complexes of copper(II), palladium (II) and platinum (II). The IR spectra indicate that the ligands are coordinated through the amino group and a carboxylate oxygen atom.

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Gebel, Thomas, Heiko Lantzsch, Kirsten Pleßow, and Hartmut Dunkelberg. "Genotoxicity of platinum and palladium compounds in human and bacterial cells." Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 389, no. 2-3 (March 1997): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5718(96)00145-3.

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Sobczak, J. W., A. Kosiński, A. Biliński, J. Pielaszek, and W. Palczewska. "Surface chemical sensitivity of polyaniline doped with palladium or platinum compounds." Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 8, no. 6 (November 1998): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0712(199811/12)8:6<295::aid-amo355>3.0.co;2-x.

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Jain, Vimal K. "Cyclometalated group-16 compounds of palladium and platinum: Challenges and opportunities." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 427 (January 2021): 213546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213546.

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Lu, Guo-Liang, Cheuk-Lam Ho, Qiwei Wang, Wai-Yeung Wong, Chung-Hin Chui, Raymond Siu-Ming Wong, Roberto Gambari, et al. "Synthesis and Characterization of Some Metal Complexes of 4,5-Diazafluoren-9-one and their Biological Effects on Human Carcinoma Cells." Australian Journal of Chemistry 61, no. 12 (2008): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch08342.

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Three new transition metal complexes of 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one, [(DAFO)PdCl2], [(DAFO)PtCl2], and [(DAFO)ZnCl2], were prepared in good yields by the reactions between appropriate metal chloride precursors and 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one under ambient conditions. The structures of these metal complexes were established by spectroscopic (Fourier-transform IR, NMR, and fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry) techniques. The possible biological activity of these compounds on three human cancer cell lines including Hep3B, MDAMB-231, and SKHep-1 was investigated. The results obtained showed that both zinc- and platinum-containing compounds exhibit a similar growth inhibitory effect on these three cancer cell lines when compared with the prototypical cis-platin. In contrast, the corresponding palladium congener is virtually biologically inactive in these trials.

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Tuncel, Selcan, Bernard Chevalier, and Rainer Pöttgena. "Rare Earth-rich Magnesium Compounds RE4PdMg (RE=Y,Sm,Gd) and RE4PtMg (RE = Y, Nd, Sm, Gd)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 63, no. 5 (May 1, 2008): 600–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2008-0520.

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The rare earth-rich intermetallic magnesium compounds RE4PdMg (RE =Y, Sm,Gd) and RE4PtMg (RE =Y,Nd, Sm, Gd) were prepared by melting of the elements in sealed tantalum tubes in an induction furnace. These new Gd4RhIn-type compounds were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction. The structures of the gadolinium compounds were refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: space group F4̅3m, Z = 16, a = 1388.1(2) pm, wR2 = 0.0392, 381 F2 values and 20 variables for Gd4Pd1.14Mg0.86 and a = 1387.6(2) pm, wR2 = 0.0519, 409 F2 values, BASF = 0.47(4) and 21 variables for Gd4Pt1.07Mg0.93. The gadolinium atoms build up palladium (platinum) centered trigonal prisms which are condensed via common corners and edges, leading to three-dimensional networks. The magnesium atoms form Mg4 tetrahedra which show slight mixing with the platinum metal.

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Poirier, Stéphanie, Christian Reber, and Pierre Libioulle. "Temperature / pressure-dependent luminescence spectra of square-planar complexes." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314082850.

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Luminescence properties of square-planar complexes of platinum(II) and palladium(II) with a d8 electron configuration were investigated. Blue shift of the maxima of the luminescence spectra occur for pressure-dependent spectra of several complexes of both metals. This is due to a structural compression of the crystalline lattice, which causes a destabilization of the LUMO orbital for theses complexes. Other structural changes can also occur, providing a more important slope of the blue shift. Also, intermolecular interactions cause a red shift in pressure-dependent spectra. In temperature-dependent spectra, opposite trends occur for several analog complexes. Palladium(II) complexes show a red shift of luminescence maxima with increasing temperature. Platinum(II) compounds exhibit a blue shift. This difference is explained with theoretical calculations of luminescence spectra. In these trends, the dominant effect is due to an increase of vibronic contributions with temperature. We also present a complex of platinum(II) in which the structural effect is dominant in the spectra with increasing temperature, leading to a red shift. This rare effect allows the study of structural changes with temperature for square-planar platinum(II) complex.

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Hemming, Jocelyn D. C., Mark Hosford, and Martin M. Shafer. "Application of the direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA) to inorganic compounds: a case study of platinum species." Toxicology Research 8, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 802–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tx00242a.

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Abstract The in chemico Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA) was developed as a non-animal, relatively high throughput, screening tool for skin sensitization potential. Although the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) for respiratory sensitization remains to be fully elucidated, it is recognized that the molecular initiation event for both skin and respiratory sensitization to low molecular weight chemicals involves haptenation with proteins. The DPRA examines the reactivity of a test compound to two model peptides (containing either cysteine or lysine) and consequently is able to screen for both skin and respiratory sensitization potential. The DPRA was primarily developed for and validated with organic compounds and assessment of the applicability of the assay to metal compounds has received only limited attention. This paper reports the successful application of the DPRA to a series of platinum compounds, including hexachloroplatinate and tetrachloroplatinate salts, which are some of the most potent chemical respiratory sensitizers known. Eleven platinum compounds were evaluated using the DPRA protocol as detailed by Lalko et al., with only minor modification. Two palladium compounds with structures similar to that of the platinum species studied and cobalt chloride were additionally tested for comparison. The hexachloroplatinate and tetrachloroplatinate salts showed exceptionally high reactivity with the cysteine peptide (EC15 values of 1.4 and 14 μM, respectively). However, for platinum compounds (e.g. hydrogen hexahydroxyplatinate and tetraammineplatinum) where clinical and epidemiological evidence indicates limited sensitization potential, the cysteine DPRA showed only minor or no reactivity (EC15 values of 24 600 and >30 000 μM, respectively). The outcomes of the lysine peptide assays were less robust and where EC15 was measurable, values were substantially higher than the corresponding results from the cysteine assay. This work supports the value of in chemico peptide reactivity as a metric for assessment of platinum sensitization potential and therefore in screening of new platinum compounds for low or absent sensitization potential. Additional studies are required to determine whether the DPRA may be successfully applied to other metals. We provide details on method modifications and precautions important to the success of the DPRA in the assessment of metal reactivity.

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Czarnomysy, Robert, Dominika Radomska, Olga Klaudia Szewczyk, Piotr Roszczenko, and Krzysztof Bielawski. "Platinum and Palladium Complexes as Promising Sources for Antitumor Treatments." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (July 31, 2021): 8271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158271.

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There is a need for new, safer, and more effective agents to treat cancer. Cytostatics that have transition metals at their core have attracted renewed interest from scientists. Researchers are attempting to use chemotherapeutics, such as cisplatin, in combination therapy (i.e., in order to enhance their effectiveness). Moreover, studies are being carried out to modify molecules, by developing them into multinuclear structures, linking different compounds to commonly used drugs, or encapsulating them in nanoparticles to improve pharmacokinetic parameters, and increase the selectivity of these drugs. Therefore, we attempted to organize recent drug findings that contain palladium and platinum atoms in their structures.

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Altman, Janina, Elfriede Schuhmann, Konstantin Karaghiosoff, Edith Eichin-Karaghiosoff, and Wolfgang Beck. "Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes of Selectively Acylated 1,2,4-Butanetriamines." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 46, no. 11 (November 1, 1991): 1473–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1991-1105.

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New N1,N2-di-Boc-N4-acyl-1,2,4-butanetriamines 5 (acyl = acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, benzoyl, carboxycyclohexyl, caproyl, carboxycyclobutyl) have been prepared by ring cleavage acylation of Nw-acylated histamines with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate, and reduction with Raney nickel. Free vicinal diamines 6 were generated by acidic removal of Boc-protecting groups and transformed into dichloroplatinum(II) 7 and dichloropalladium(II) complexes 8. By basic treatment of the N1,N2-di-Boc-N4-trifluoroacetyl-1,2,4-butanetriamine 5b the protecting group was removed from the terminal amine to give N1,N2-di-Boc-1,2,4-butanetriamine 9 which forms cis-dichloroplatinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes 10, 11. The compounds have been characterized by IR, NMR (1H, 13C) spectroscopy and elemental analysis, and the structures of the trifluoroacetyl compounds confirmed by 1H 13C and 1H 1H 2D NMR spectroscopy.

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Sadiq, Saima, Zahid Ali, Iftikhar Ahmad, Imad Khan, Gul Rehman, Muhammad Sadiq, and Najeeb Ur Rehman. "Structural, Mechanical and Magneto-Electronic Properties of the Ternary Sodium Palladium and Platinum Oxides." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 70, no. 10 (October 1, 2015): 815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2015-0240.

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AbstractTernary palladium and platinum oxides NaPd3O4 and NaPt3O4 are studied theoretically using DFT. The calculated structural parameters and geometry are found consistent with the experiments. The mechanical properties analysis show that both compounds are elastically stable; anisotropic and reveal the ductile nature. Electronic cloud explain that the chemical bond between Na and Pd/Pt is ionic, whereas between O and Pd/Pt is covalent. The electronic band structures and densities of states demonstrate that these compounds are metals. The d-state splitting explains the origin of the electronic behaviour of these oxides. The optimised magnetic phase energies and magnetic susceptibility confirm that these oxides are paramagnetic metals.

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Fehlhammer, Wolf Peter, Thomas Bliß, Joachim Fuchs, and Gerhard Holzmann. "Homoleptische Carbenkomplexe, IV. Tetrakis(N-alkylimidazolin-2-yliden)palladium and -platin/Homoleptic Carbene Complexes, IV. Tetrakis(N-alkylimidazolin-2-ylidene)palladium and -platinum." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 47, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1992-0116.

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Homoleptic complexes of palladium and platinum containing carbenoid imidazole ligands (1, 12-19 ) have been synthesized either directly from C2-lithiated N-methyl-imidazole and Pdl2 or, indirectly (and more efficiently), from isocyanides and 2-am inoacetaldehyde diethylacetale in the presence of Pdl2, Ptl2 or K2PtCl4 via the respective “ open chain” diaminocarbenes 2-11. Selected IR , NMR (1H , 13C), and pos-FAB mass spectrometric data of the new compounds are reported. The X-ray structure analysis of tetrakis(N -methylimidazolin-2-ylidene)palladium-diiodide (lb ) reveals a geometry of the heterocyclic ligands which deviates considerably from the one expected for extensive 6π-electron delocalization across the ring.

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Marques, M. P. M. "Platinum and Palladium Polyamine Complexes as Anticancer Agents: The Structural Factor." ISRN Spectroscopy 2013 (February 24, 2013): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/287353.

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Since the introduction of cisplatin to oncology in 1978, Pt(II) and Pd(II) compounds have been intensively studied with a view to develop the improved anticancer agents. Polynuclear polyamine complexes, in particular, have attracted special attention, since they were found to yield DNA adducts not available to conventional drugs (through long-distance intra- and interstrand cross-links) and to often circumvent acquired cisplatin resistance. Moreover, the cytotoxic potency of these polyamine-bridged chelates is strictly regulated by their structural characteristics, which renders this series of compounds worth investigating and their synthesis being carefully tailored in order to develop third-generation drugs coupling an increased spectrum of activity to a lower toxicity. The present paper addresses the latest developments in the design of novel antitumor agents based on platinum and palladium, particularly polynuclear chelates with variable length aliphatic polyamines as bridging ligands, highlighting the close relationship between their structural preferences and cytotoxic ability. In particular, studies by vibrational spectroscopy techniques are emphasised, allowing to elucidate the structure-activity relationships (SARs) ruling anticancer activity.

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Koskelin, Mirva M., Aleksi E. Soini, Niko J. Meltola, and Gelii V. Ponomarev. "Phosphorescent labeling reagents of platinum(II) and palladium(II) coproporphyrin-II: Preparation and performance characteristics." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 06, no. 08 (August 2002): 533–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s108842460200066x.

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Synthesis of monofunctional derivatives of platinum(II) and palladium(II) coproporphyrin-II with the isothiocyanato reactive group is presented. The compounds exhibit strong phosphorescence at room temperature in deoxygenated aqueous solutions and they enable facile covalent labeling of proteins and other biomolecules under slightly alkaline conditions. The performance of the compounds as phosphorescent labeling reagents is studied and the results are considered in relation to the results for the respective labeling reagent of coproporphyrin-I isomer. The results show that the derivatives of coproporphyrin-II exhibit similar reactivity and emission efficiency to that of the derivatives of coproporphyrin-I isomers. Thus, the coproporphyrin-II derivatives serve as alternative labels to coproporphyrin-I in the design of sensitive bioassays based on phosphorescence and time-resolved fluorescence detection.

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Martins, Ana S., Ana L. M. Batista de Carvalho, Maria P. M. Marques, and Ana M. Gil. "Response of Osteosarcoma Cell Metabolism to Platinum and Palladium Chelates as Potential New Drugs." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 8, 2021): 4805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164805.

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This paper reports the first metabolomics study of the impact of new chelates Pt2Spm and Pd2Spm (Spm = Spermine) on human osteosarcoma cellular metabolism, compared to the conventional platinum drugs cisplatin and oxaliplatin, in order to investigate the effects of different metal centers and ligands. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance metabolomics was used to identify meaningful metabolite variations in polar cell extracts collected during exposure to each of the four chelates. Cisplatin and oxaliplatin induced similar metabolic fingerprints of changing metabolite levels (affecting many amino acids, organic acids, nucleotides, choline compounds and other compounds), thus suggesting similar mechanisms of action. For these platinum drugs, a consistent uptake of amino acids is noted, along with an increase in nucleotides and derivatives, namely involved in glycosylation pathways. The Spm chelates elicit a markedly distinct metabolic signature, where inverse features are observed particularly for amino acids and nucleotides. Furthermore, Pd2Spm prompts a weaker response from osteosarcoma cells as compared to its platinum analogue, which is interesting as the palladium chelate exhibits higher cytotoxicity. Putative suggestions are discussed as to the affected cellular pathways and the origins of the distinct responses. This work demonstrates the value of untargeted metabolomics in measuring the response of cancer cells to either conventional or potential new drugs, seeking further understanding (or possible markers) of drug performance at the molecular level.

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Talsi, E. P., V. P. Babenko, and V. M. Nekipelov. "Complexes of O 2 − radical ions with palladium and platinum compounds in solutions." Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters 31, no. 2 (September 1986): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02072981.

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Pignolet, Louis H., Mark A. Aubart, Kathryn L. Craighead, Rachael A. T. Gould, Don A. Krogstad, and Jack S. Wiley. "Phosphine-stabilized, platinum-gold and palladium-gold cluster compounds and applications in catalysis." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 143 (September 1995): 219–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-8545(94)07009-9.

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Sharma, Ramesh K., Bing Zhou, Shimin Tong, and Karl T. Chuang. "Catalytic Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Supported Platinum and Palladium Hydrophobic Catalysts." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 34, no. 12 (December 1995): 4310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00039a022.

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Heß, David, Mikhail Gorlov, Andreas Fischer, and Lars Kloo. "Syntheses and Crystal Structures of New Palladium(II) and Platinum(IV) Trialkylsulfonium Compounds." Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 633, no. 4 (April 2007): 643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.200600391.

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Schulz, E., V. Mawamba, V. Sturm, R. Ernestus, U. Schatzschneider, M. Löhr, and C. Hagemann. "P11.44 Conception of a promising future therapy: Drug loaded-microbubbles against glioblastoma." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_3 (August 2019): iii53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz126.190.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Major obstacles for an effective chemotherapy of glioblastomas (GBM) are the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and serious systemic side effects of the cytotoxic drugs. A new promising strategy could be the delivery of microbubbles, encapsulating the chemotherapeutics, across the BBB to the tumor site. This will shield the drug from detrimental systemic effects. Low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) is able to open the BBB and triggers targeted release of the drugs within the tumor. First data on the synthesis of microbubbles, specifically designed new drugs and the targeted rupture of microbubbles by LIFU are presented. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thin-film hydration of lipids was utilized to prepare microbubbles, which were tested for toxicity on the GBM cell lines GaMG, U87, U138 and U343. In addition these cells were treated with 6 platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes conjugated to lipophilic side chains of different length (C1, C8, C10) for 72h. To evaluate cell viability and calculate EC50 values MTT assays and a real-time proliferation assay using the impedance-based xCELLigence DP-System were executed. RESULTS Microbubbles ≤ 2µm in diameter were synthesized and could be disintegrated by applying LIFU. Neither the intact bubbles nor the lipids alone had any toxic effects on the GBM cells. In contrast, all six drugs were highly effective with EC50 values far below those of Temozolomide (67µM) and in the range of the reference drug cisplatin (3µM). Especially the palladium(II) compound with the C1-chain displayed a very low EC50 value (<10µM), while the longer chains and the platinum(II) compounds were less effective (EC50 10–40µM). An early and concentration-dependent onset of the cytotoxic effect of drugs with C1 and C8 side chains was revealed in the real time proliferation assay. CONCLUSION All components for a new microbubble-based therapeutic strategy are in place. Microbubbles were synthesized without having toxic effects in cell culture. New highly potent palladium(II) and platinum(II) compounds with low EC50 values were developed. The next step will be their encapsulation into the microbubbles via their lipophilic side chains to develop an effective drug-delivery system for the treatment of GBM in combination with LIFU. This will allow increasing the local concentration of chemotherapeutic agents at the tumor site, irrespectively of their molecular size and BBB penetration capacity.

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Carvalho, M. Fernanda N. N., Armando J. L. Pombeiro, Gabriele Wagner, Bjørn Pedersen, and Rudolf Herrmann. "Cascade Reaction of Camphor-Derived Diynes with Transition Metal Compounds." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 54, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1999-0604.

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Platinum(II) catalyzes the isomerization of camphor sulfonamide diynes in a cascade reaction involving annulation of a five-membered ring to the camphor skeleton, ring-enlargement by C-C bond cleavage, reduction of sulfur(VI) to sulfur(IV), and oxidation of a hydroxy group to a ketone. The reactions of the diynes with other transition metal compounds were also studied. Copper, gold and rhenium give final products similar to those obtained with simple Brønsted acids or halogens, mainly by annulation o f a five-membered ring to the camphor moiety, accompanied by reduction of a sulfonamide to a sulfinamide group, but lacking the ring-enlargement step. Palladium(II) occupies an intermediate position as both types o f products are obtained. The reaction mechanism and intermediates are discussed

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Alam, Md Nur, Mohammad Ali Moni, Jun Q. Yu, Philip Beale, Peter Turner, Nick Proschogo, Mohammad Azizur Rahman, M. Pear Hossain, and Fazlul Huq. "Promising Anticancer Activity of [Bis(1,8-quinolato)palladium (II)] Alone and in Combination." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 8471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168471.

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Due to similar coordination chemistry of palladium and platinum, a large number of palladium compounds as well have been investigated for their anticancer activity. In the present study, we describe synthesis, characterization, and anticancer activity of palladium complex [Bis(1,8-quinolato)palladium (II)], coded as NH3 against seven different cancer cell lines. NH3 is found to have higher antitumor activity than cisplatin against both parent ovarian A2780 cell line and cisplatin-resistant cell lines. Also, NH3 has the lower IC50 value in HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line. The higher antitumor activity of NH3 is due to the presence of bulky 8-Hydroxyquinoline ligand, thus reducing its reactivity. Proteomic study has identified significantly expressed proteins which have been validated through bioinformatics. NH3 has been found to be less toxic than cisplatin at 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg dosages on mice models. Binary combinations of NH3 with curcumin and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have demonstrated dose and sequence-dependent synergism in ovarian and colorectal cancer models. All of the preclinical studies indicate promising therapeutic potential of NH3 [Bis(1,8-quinolato)palladium (II)] as an anticancer drug.

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41

Maiorova, N. A., V. A. Grinberg, A. A. Pasynskii, A. D. Modestov, A. A. Shiryaev, and V. V. Vysotskii. "Nanostructured Catalysts of Methanol Electrooxidation Based on Platinum–Ruthenium–Palladium and Platinum–Ruthenium–Iridium Alloys Derived from Coordination Compounds." Russian Journal of Coordination Chemistry 44, no. 12 (December 2018): 738–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070328418100081.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Spectroscopic Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities of Some Heavy Metals Complexes of 2-hydroxy phenyl piperonalidene." Baghdad Science Journal 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 627–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.10.3.627-637.

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An antibacterial and antifungal piperonal-derived compound and its Rh(III), Pd(II), Pt(IV), and Cd(II) metal complexes were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods, conductivity, metal analyses and magnetic moment measurements. The nature of the complexes formed in ethanolic solution was studied following the molar ratio method. From the spectral studies, octahedral geometry was suggested for rhodium (III) and platinum (IV) complexes, while a square planer structure was suggested for palladium (II) complex and a tetrahedral geometry for cadmium (II) complex. Structural geometries of these compounds were also suggested in gas phase by using hyperchem-8 program for the molecular mechanics and semi-empirical calculations. The heat of formation and binding energy for the prepared compounds was calculated by using PM3 and AMBER methods. The theoretically vibration spectra for the imine and its starting material was evaluated by using PM3 method. Preliminary in vitro tests for antibacterial and antifungal activity showed that most of the prepared compounds display a good activity to (Staphylococcus aureus), (Escherichia coli) and (Candida albicans).

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Clemenson, P. I. "The chemistry and solid state properties of nickel, palladium and platinum bis(maleonitriledithiolate) compounds." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 106 (November 1990): 171–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-8545(60)80003-3.

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Sharma, Krishna, Monika Swami, Ritu Singh, Nighat Fahmi, and R. V. Singh. "Sulfur-Bonded Coordination Compounds of Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) and Their Antimicrobial Activity." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 184, no. 8 (July 22, 2009): 1964–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426500802417133.

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Martins, Mónica, Cláudia Mourato, Sandra Sanches, João Paulo Noronha, M. T. Barreto Crespo, and Inês A. C. Pereira. "Biogenic platinum and palladium nanoparticles as new catalysts for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds." Water Research 108 (January 2017): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.071.

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Migliore, L. "Cytogenetic and oxidative damage induced in human lymphocytes by platinum, rhodium and palladium compounds." Mutagenesis 17, no. 5 (September 1, 2002): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mutage/17.5.411.

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Werner, Helmut, Martin Ebner, and Werner Bertleff. "CS2, CSSe und CSe2 als Bausteine für ein- und zweikernige Palladium- und Platinkomplexe [1] / CS2, CSSe and CSe2 as Building Blocks for Mono- and Binuclear Palladium and Platinum Complexes [1]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 40, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 1351–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1985-1020.

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The compounds Pd(PPh3)4, Pt(PPh3)4 and Pt(PPr3i)2 react with CS2, CSSe and CSe2 to give the mononuclear complexes (PR3)2M(η2-CEE′). From Pd(PPh3)4 and excess CSe2 the compound (PPh3)2PdC2Se4 is obtained. 1,2-C2H4(PPh2)2 (diphos) and 1,2-C6H4(CH2PPh2)2 (dpmb) react with (PR3)2M(η2-CEE′) by ligand displacement to produce the chelate complexes (diphos)M(η2-CEE′) and (dpmb)M(η2-CEE′), respectively. The reaction of (PPh3)2Pt(η2-COS) with diphos leads to the formation of the carbonyl compound (diphos)Pt(CO). In solution, the complexes (diphos)M(η2-CS2) and (diphos)M(η2-CSe2) slowly dimerise to form products of composition [(diphos)M(CEE′)]2 which probably contain bridging CS2 and CSe2 units. (PPh3)2Pd(η2-CSe2) reacts with PMe3, PMe2Ph and PMePh2 to produce the binuclear compounds [(PR3)Pd(Se2CPR3)]2 in which the zwitterionic ligand PR3CSe2 bridges the two Pd(PR3) fragments. The analogous complexes [(PR3)Pd(SSeCPR3)]2 are prepared from Pd(PR3)4 (PR3 = PMe3, PMe2Ph, PMePh2) and CSSe.

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Ruiz, José, Venancio Rodríguez, Concepción de Haro, Arturo Espinosa, José Pérez, and Christoph Janiak. "New 7-azaindole palladium and platinum complexes: crystal structures and theoretical calculations. In vitro anticancer activity of the platinum compounds." Dalton Transactions 39, no. 13 (2010): 3290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b920854b.

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Schulz, Ellina, Viviane Mawamba, Volker Sturm, Ralf-Ingo Ernestus, Ulrich Schatzschneider, Mario Löhr, and Carsten Hagemann. "EXTH-17. TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT GLIOMAS WITH DRUG-LOADED MICROBUBBLES: CONCEPTION OF A PROMISING FUTURE THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (November 2019): vi85—vi86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.351.

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Abstract The major obstacles for an effective chemotherapy of glioblastomas (GBM) are the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and serious systemic side effects of the cytotoxic drugs. A new promising strategy could be the delivery of the chemotherapeutics across the BBB to the tumor site encapsulated in microbubbles. The microbubbles will shield the drug from detrimental systemic effects. Low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) allows opening of the BBB and a targeted release of the drugs within the brain tumor. We synthesized microbubbles ≤ 2 µm in diameter by thin-film hydration of lipids, which could be disintegrated applying LIFU. The toxicity was tested on GBM cell lines and neither the intact bubbles nor the lipids alone showed any toxic effects. Additionally, these cells were treated with 6 platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes conjugated to lipophilic side chains of different length (C1, C8, C10) for 72 h. Cell viability was evaluated with MTT assay and in real-time utilizing the impedance-based xCELLigence DP-System. EC50 values were calculated from both assays and all six drugs were highly effective. Especially the palladium(II) compound with the C1-chain had a very low EC50 value (< 10 µM), while the longer chains and the platinum(II) compounds were less effective (EC50 10 - 30 µM). The real time proliferation assay of the drugs revealed an early and concentration-dependent onset of the cytotoxic effect, about 30 h after application. The lipophilic side chains of the drugs should allow encapsulating them into the microbubbles to develop an effective drug-delivery system for the treatment of GBM.

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Singh, R. V., S. C. Joshi, Shalini Kulshrestha, Pooja Nagpal, and Anil Bansal. "Antiandrogen and Antimicrobial Aspects of Coordination Compounds of Palladium(II), Platinum(II) and Lead(II)." Metal-Based Drugs 8, no. 3 (January 1, 2001): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mbd.2001.149.

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Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activities of an interesting class of biologically potent macrocyclic complexes have been carried out. All the complexes have been evaluated for their antimicrobial effects on different species of pathogenic fungi and bacteria. The testicular sperm density, testicular sperm morphology, sperm motility, density of cauda epididymal spermatozoa and fertility in mating trails and biochemical parameters of reproductive organs have been examined and discussed. The resulting biologically active [M(MaLn)(R2)]Cl2 and [Pb(MaLn)(R2)X2] (where, M = PdII or PtII and X = Cl or NO3) type of complexes have been synthesized by the reactions of macrocyclic ligands (MaLn) with metal salts and different diamines in 1:1:1 molar ratio in methanol. Initially the complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight determinations and conductivity measurements. The mode of bonding was established on the basis of IR, H1 NMR, C13 NMR, Pt195 NMR, Pb207 NMR, XRD and electronic spectral studies. The macrocyclic ligand coordinates through the four azomethine nitrogen atoms which are bridged by benzil moieties. IR spectra suggest that the pyridine nitrogen is not coordinating. The palladium and platinum complexes exhibit tetracoordinated square-planar geometry, whereas a hexacoordinated octahedral geometry is suggested for lead complexes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Palladium/platinum compounds'

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