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Journal articles on the topic 'Palladium compounds'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 21 February 2023

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1

Mammadova, S. R. "EXTRACTION OF PALLADIUM." Azerbaijan Chemical Journal, no. 3 (September 28, 2021): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/0005-2531-2021-3-67-71.

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It is known that a series of organic compounds containing in molecule SH-, NH- qroups, including halogens, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, have the ability to form the innercomplex compounds under certain conditions. These compounds permit to carry out the extraction in acidic medium, that prevents the of process hydrolysis. They are not dissolved in water but are soluble in various solvents and form colored solutions and so may be used as an extractants. The main purpose of this paper is the study of palladium extraction ability for chlorinated naphthenic acids (CNA) synthesited in laboratory on the basis of industrial alkylphenols. Ammoniumacetate with various pH was used as a buffer to extract palladium from PdCl2·2H2O 0.1 mkg/ml solution. The main task for the use of inert organic compound in extraction is the selection of reagent which dissolves it but does not form any compound. With this aim the influence of different solvents on their reagent was researched. The experiments show that chloronaphthenic acid is dissolved well in organic solvents. Its solution, for example in kerosene, is light-resistant, does not hydrolyze in water, alkalis and acids. So, chloronaphthenic recomendefor palladium extraction

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2

Perić, Tanja S., and Slobodan M. Janković. "Cardiotoxicity of Palladium Compounds / Kardiotoksičnost Jedinjenja Paladijuma." Journal of Medical Biochemistry 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10011-012-0010-5.

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SummaryPrevious studies have shown that palladium has toxic effects on the kidney and liver, leads to deterioration of the general condition of animals, and could cause allergy in animals and humans. Considering the limited data about the influence of palladium on the cardiovascular system, the aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of palladium on the heart from available published data, and to compare the toxicity of inorganic and organic palladium compounds. Relevant studies for our review were identified from PubMed and Scopus databases. The search terms included »palladium «, »palladium compound«, »cardiotoxicity«, »toxicity«, »heart«, »myocardium«, »oxidative stress« and »myocardial enzyme«, as well as combinations of these terms. There were only two published studies with the primary purpose to investigate the effect of palladium on the cardiovascular system, while others registered the side-effects of palladium compounds on the heart. Palladium could cause arrhythmias, a drop in blood pressure, decrease of the heart rate, as well as death of experimental animals. Based on the presented data it seems that palladium does not express significant cardiac toxicity when it is bound in an organic compound. Further investigation of the effects of palladium on the heart is necessary for a clear picture of the nature and extent of its cardiac toxicity.

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3

Burrows, Andrew D., D. Michael, and P. Mingos. "Palladium cluster compounds." Transition Metal Chemistry 18, no. 2 (April 1993): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00139944.

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4

Soejima, Takashi, and Kei-ji Iwatsuki. "Innovative Use of Palladium Compounds To Selectively Detect Live Enterobacteriaceae in Milk by PCR." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 23 (September 23, 2016): 6930–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01613-16.

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ABSTRACTEthidium monoazide and propidium monoazide (EMA and PMA) have been used in combination with PCR for more than a decade to facilitate the discrimination of live and dead bacteria (LD discrimination). These methods, however, require many laborious procedures, including the use of a darkroom. Here, we demonstrate an innovative use of palladium compounds involving lower limits of detection and quantification of targeted live cells, fewer laborious procedures, lower costs, and potentially higher-throughput analysis than the use of EMA and PMA. We have also recently reported platinum compounds for LD discrimination, but platinum compounds carry costs that are 3 times higher because of the requirement for much larger amounts for LD discrimination than palladium compounds. Palladium compounds can penetrate dead (compromised) but not live bacteria and can be chelated primarily by chromosomal DNA and cell wall transmembrane proteins, with small amounts of DNA-binding proteinsin vivo. The new mechanism for palladium compounds is obviously different from that of platinum compounds, which primarily target DNA. Combining palladium compounds with PCR (Pd-PCR) in water resulted in discrimination between live and deadEnterobacteriaceaebacteria that was much clearer than that seen with the PMA method. Pd-PCR correlated with reference plating or with the currently used PMA-PCR method for pasteurized milk, based on EN ISO 16140:2003 validation. Pd-PCR enabled us to specifically detect and assay viableEnterobacteriaceaecells at concentrations of 5 to 10 CFU/ml in milk while following U.S./EU regulations after a 4.5-h process in a typical laboratory exposed to natural or electric light, as specified by U.S./EU regulations.IMPORTANCEEthidium monoazide and propidium monoazide (EMA and PMA) facilitate the discrimination of live and dead bacteria (LD discrimination). These methods, however, require many laborious procedures, including the use of a darkroom. Here, we demonstrate an innovative use of palladium compounds involving fewer laborious procedures, lower costs, and potentially higher-throughput analysis than the use of EMA and PMA. We have also recently reported platinum compounds for LD discrimination, but platinum compounds carry costs that are 3 times higher because of the requirement for much larger amounts for LD discrimination than palladium compounds, which have also a novel reaction mechanism different from that of platinum compounds. In view of testing cost, palladium compounds are also very useful here compared with platinum compounds. Ultimately, the innovative Pd-PCR method may be also substituted for the currently used reference plating methods.

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5

BURROWS, A. D., and D. M. P. MINGOS. "ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Cluster Compounds." ChemInform 24, no. 33 (August 20, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199333281.

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6

Niu, Ben, Yin Wei, and Min Shi. "Recent advances in annulation reactions based on zwitterionic π-allyl palladium and propargyl palladium complexes." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 8, no. 13 (2021): 3475–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qo00273b.

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Carbocyclic and heterocyclic compounds could be constructed through the palladium-catalyzed annulation reactions of zwitterionic π-allyl palladium or propargyl palladium complexes with unsaturated electrophiles.

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7

Boriskin, O. I., S. N. Larin, G. A. Nuzhdin, and I. V. Murav’eva. "THE PALLADIUM COMPLEXES DURING THERMAL DECOMPOSITION PHASE COMPOSITION INVESTIGATION." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 290 (August 2022): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.08.pp.044-048.

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In palladium refining technologies, as well as in some analytical procedures, complexes of bivalent palladium with diimines, amines, oximes, thiourea, and other compounds are used. In the technologies used, complex compounds of palladium are subjected to thermal decomposition, during which metallic palladium is formed. The precious metals market is seeing a rapid rise in the price of palladium on the back of a rapid increase in demand for it. It has been experimentally shown that active decomposition of dichlorodiamminepalladium Pd(NH3)2Cl2 and dimethylglyoximpalladium (C4H7N2O2)2Pd occurs at temperatures of 200…250 °C. Only the diffraction maxima of palladium were observed on the X-ray diffraction patterns of samples that underwent heat treatment at 900 °C and above. At these temperatures, palladium oxide is not stable. At temperatures around 500 °C, the samples are almost completely oxidized; there are no reflections of palladium on the diffraction patterns.

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8

Jain, Vimal K. "Internally functionalized multifaceted organochalcogen compounds." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 26 (2020): 8817–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt01160f.

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Internally functionalized multifaceted organochalcogen compounds have been designed and their ligand chemistry has been developed. The palladium complexes show remarkable homogeneous catalytic activity.

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9

Yoshimura, Akihiro, Shunta Tochigi, and Yasunari Matsuno. "Fundamental Study of Palladium Recycling Using “Dry Aqua Regia” Considering the Recovery from Spent Auto-catalyst." Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 7, no. 1 (February 16, 2021): 266–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-020-00335-x.

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AbstractIn this research, a recycling process for palladium using “dry aqua regia,” which consists of iron(III) chloride–potassium chloride, was proposed. Palladium was dissolved in “dry aqua regia,” and the dissolved palladium was recovered by leaching with potassium chloride solution with added ammonium chloride and nitric acid. Palladium was almost completely dissolved in 3 h at 600 K, and the recovery ratio of dissolved palladium was up to 80%. In addition, the dissolution of palladium in coexistence with platinum and the dissolution of platinum-palladium alloy by “dry aqua regia” were also tested. The dissolved palladium and platinum were separated and recovered by solid–liquid separation technique using the difference in solubility of their compounds in potassium chloride and sodium chloride solutions. As a result, pure compounds of each element were recovered. This result suggested the possibility of using “dry aqua regia” for the separation of platinum-group metals. Graphical Abstract

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10

Aullón, Gabriel, and Santiago Alvarez. "On the Existence of Molecular Palladium(VI) Compounds: Palladium Hexafluoride." Inorganic Chemistry 46, no. 7 (April 2007): 2700–2703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic0623819.

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11

Benn, R., P. Betz, R. Goddard, P. W. Jolly, N. Kokel, C. Krüger, and I. Topalović. "Intermediates in the Palladium-Catalyzed Reaction of 1,3-Dienes, Part 6 [1]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 46, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 1395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1991-1018.

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The structure of the (1,3-butadiene)M(R2PC2H4PR2) compounds (M = Ni, Pd, Pt; R = Pri, Bu′, Cy) in the solid-state have been investigated by 13C and 31P CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy. The bonding mode adopted by the diene is dependent upon the nature of the metal: the palladium compounds contain an η2-diene molecule, the nickel compound where R is cyclohexyl contains an η4-diene molecule whereas the Pr2iPC2H4PPr2i-stabilized platinum compound con- tains a platinacyclopentene ring. The crystal structures of (η2-1,3-C4H6)Pd(Cy2PC2H4PCy2) and (η4-1,3-C4H6)Ni(Cy2PC2H4PCy2) have been confirmed by X-ray diffraction.

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12

Shamna, Salahudeen, Jaleel Fairoosa, C. M. A. Afsina, and Gopinathan Anilkumar. "Palladium-catalysed hydrosilylation of unsaturated compounds." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 960 (February 2022): 122236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122236.

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13

Guo, Li-Na, Xin-Hua Duan, and Yong-Min Liang. "Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclization of Propargylic Compounds." Accounts of Chemical Research 44, no. 2 (February 15, 2011): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar100109m.

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14

Ling, Jie, and Thomas E. Albrecht-Schmitt. "Selenium Oxoanion Compounds of Palladium(II)." Inorganic Chemistry 46, no. 14 (July 2007): 5686–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic700524c.

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15

Mitchell, Terence N. "Palladium-Catalysed Reactions of Organotin Compounds." Synthesis 1992, no. 09 (1992): 803–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1992-26230.

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16

Tressaud, Alain, Slimane Khairoun, Jean Grannec, Jean Michel Dance, and P. Hagenmuller. "Palladium compounds with +III oxidation state." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 29, no. 1-2 (August 1985): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)83274-1.

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17

Saadi, Jakub, Christoph Bentz, Kai Redies, Dieter Lentz, Reinhold Zimmer, and Hans-Ulrich Reissig. "Stereoselective synthesis of tricyclic compounds by intramolecular palladium-catalyzed addition of aryl iodides to carbonyl groups." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 12 (June 16, 2016): 1236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.12.118.

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Starting from γ-ketoesters with an o-iodobenzyl group we studied a palladium-catalyzed cyclization process that stereoselectively led to bi- and tricyclic compounds in moderate to excellent yields. Four X-ray crystal structure analyses unequivocally defined the structure of crucial cyclization products. The relative configuration of the precursor compounds is essentially transferred to that of the products and the formed hydroxy group in the newly generated cyclohexane ring is consistently in trans-arrangement with respect to the methoxycarbonyl group. A transition-state model is proposed to explain the observed stereochemical outcome. This palladium-catalyzed Barbier-type reaction requires a reduction of palladium(II) back to palladium(0) which is apparently achieved by the present triethylamine.

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18

Shimada, S., Y. H. Li, Y. K. Choe, M. Tanaka, M. Bao, and T. Uchimaru. "Multinuclear palladium compounds containing palladium centers ligated by five silicon atoms." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 19 (April 30, 2007): 7758–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0700450104.

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19

Peng, Jin-Bao, Xin-Lian Liu, Lin Li, and Xiao-Feng Wu. "Palladium-catalyzed enantioselective carbonylation reactions." Science China Chemistry 65, no. 3 (January 5, 2022): 441–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11426-021-1165-6.

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AbstractCarbonylation, one of the most powerful approaches to the preparation of carbonylated compounds, has received significant attention from researchers active in various fields. Indeed, impressive progress has been made on this subject over the past few decades. Among the various types of carbonylation reactions, asymmetric carbonylation is a straightforward methodology for constructing chiral compounds. Although rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective hydroformylations have been discussed in several elegant reviews, a general review on palladium-catalyzed asymmetric carbonylations is still missing. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent achievements in palladium-catalyzed asymmetric carbonylation reactions. Notably, this review’s contents are categorized by reaction type.

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20

Karami, Kazem, Nasrin Haghighat Naeini, Vaclav Eigner, Michal Dusek, Janusz Lipkowski, Pablo Hervés, and Hossein Tavakol. "Palladium complexes with 3-phenylpropylamine ligands: synthesis, structures, theoretical studies and application in the aerobic oxidation of alcohols as heterogeneous catalysts." RSC Advances 5, no. 124 (2015): 102424–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra17249g.

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Palladium complexes with 3-phenylpropylamine ligands were synthesized and characterized. Palladium nanoparticles were supported on cucurbit[6]uril and used as heterogeneous catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols to corresponding compounds.

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21

Kohlmann, H., N. Kurtzemann, and T. C. Hansen. "Metal hydride formation in palladium and palladium rich intermetallic compounds studied by in situ neutron diffraction." Powder Diffraction 28, S2 (September 2013): S242—S255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715613001000.

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In order to investigate the hydrogenation of intermetallic compounds, a gas pressure cell for in situ neutron powder diffraction based on a sapphire crystal tube was constructed. By proper orientation of the single crystal Bragg peaks of the container material can be avoided, resulting in a very low diffraction background. Using a laser heating and gas pressure controller, the hydrogenation (deuteration) of palladium and palladium rich intermetallics was studied in real time up to 8 MPa gas pressure and 700 K. Crystal structure parameters of palladium deuterides could be obtained under various deuterium gas pressures, corresponding to compositional ranges of 0.04≤x≤0.11 for the α-phase and 0.52≤x≤0.72 for the β-phase at 446 K. In situ neutron powder diffraction of the deuteration of a thallium lead palladium intermetallic Tl1-xPbxPd3 shows two superstructures of the cubic closest packing (ccp) to transform independently into a AuCu3 type structure. This proves a direct reaction to the deuterium filled AuCu3 type structure instead of a reaction cascade involving different ccp superstructures and thus gives new insights into the reaction pathways of palladium rich intermetallic compounds.

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22

Mammadova, S. R. "Pd(II) extraction from acid solutions by bis-(2-hidroxyl-5-alkylbenzyl)amine." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Chemistry" series 102, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021ch2/24-30.

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It isknown that a series oforganiccompoundscontained in the molecule SH, NH qroups have theabilityto formtheintracomplex compounds under certain conditions. These compounds allowto carryoutthe extraction in acidic mediumandthereforepreventthehydrolysis process. They are not dissolved in water but are soluble in various solvents and form colored solutions and so may be used in extraction chemistry. The main purpose of this paper was to study the ability to extract palladium by bis-(2-hidroxyl-5-alkylbenzyl)amine, synthesized in the laboratory on the basis of industrial alkylphenols. Ammonium acetate with various pH wasused as a buffer to extract palladiumfromPdCl2·2H2O0.1 mkg/ml solution. The main task for theuse of inert organic compound in extraction is the selection of a reagent which dissolves it but does not form any compound. For this purpose the influence of different solvents on this reagent was researched. The experiments show that bis-(2-hidroxyl-5-alkylbenzyl)amine is dissolved well in organic solvents. Itssolution, for examplein kerosene, is light-resistant, does not hydrolyze in water, alkalis and acids.Thus bis-(2-hidroxyl-5-alkylbenzyl)amine may be recomended for palladium extraction.

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23

Zalevskaya, Olga, Yana Gur’eva, Aleksandr Kutchin, and Karl A. Hansford. "Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activities of Terpene-Derived Palladium Complexes." Antibiotics 9, no. 5 (May 25, 2020): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9050277.

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In an era of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections overshadowed by a lack of innovation in the antimicrobial drug development pipeline, there has been a resurgence in multidisciplinary approaches aimed at tackling this global health problem. One such approach is to use metal complexes as a framework for new antimicrobials. Indeed, in this context, bismuth-, silver- and gold-derived compounds in particular have displayed demonstrable antimicrobial activity. In this work, we discuss the antimicrobial and antifungal activities of terpene-derived chiral palladium complexes against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans. It was established that all studied coordination compounds of palladium were highly active antifungal drugs. In contrast, the subset of palladacycles possessing a palladium–carbon bond were only active against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. All compounds were inactive against the Gram-negative bacteria tested.

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24

Yu, Yang, and Uttam K. Tambar. "Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of α-bromocarbonyls and allylic alcohols for the synthesis of α-aryl dicarbonyl compounds." Chemical Science 6, no. 5 (2015): 2777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sc00505a.

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25

Vogels, Christopher M., Heather L. Wellwood, Kumar Biradha, Michael J. Zaworotko, and Stephen A. Westcott. "Reactions of aminoboron compounds with palladium and platinum complexes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 7 (July 1, 1999): 1196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-106.

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Reactions of 3-NH2C6H4B(OH)2 (1, APBA) with [MCl4]2- (M = Pd, Pt) give the boronic acid-containing complexes, MCl2(APBA)2 (M = Pd, 2; M = Pt, 3). Addition of 1 to [PdCl2(COE)]2 (COE = η2-C8H14) ultimately led to PdCl2(APBA)2 (2). The pinacol derivative PdCl2(APBpin)2 (5, pin = O2C2Me4) was characterized by an X-ray diffraction study. Crystals of 5 were monoclinic, a = 13.836(5), b = 14.937(5), c = 11.287(5) Å, β = 99.042(9)°, Z = 2, with space group P21/c. Monoalkene complexes PtCl2(COE)(APBA) (8) and PtCl2(COE)(APBpin) (9) were generated from the addition of APBA and APBpin, respectively, to [PtCl2(COE)]2. Reactions of 2-NMe2CH2C6H4B(OH)2 (10) with palladium complex [PdCl2(COE)]2 proceed via selective BC bond cleavage to give the cyclopalladated dimer [PdCl(2-NMe2CH2C6H4)]2 as the major amine-containing product. Likewise, reactions with borinic esters H2NCH2CH2OBR2 (R = Bu, 14; R = Ph, 15) give products derived from cleavage of the BO bond. The unique palladium complex PdCl2[3-NC5H4B(OH)2]2 (19) was prepared by addition of (3-NC5H4BEt2)4 (18) to [PdCl2(COE)]2 in wet methylene chloride, where adventitious water was used to convert the organoborane product into the corresponding boronic acid moiety.Key words: aminoboronic acids, platinum, palladium, cyclomηllation.

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26

Muranaka, Atsuya, Fumiko Kyotani, Xingmei Ouyang, Daisuke Hashizume, and Masanobu Uchiyama. "Synthesis and properties of palladium(II) complexes of aromatic hemiporphyrazines." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 18, no. 10n11 (October 2014): 869–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424614500667.

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Palladium(II) complexes of aromatic hemiporphyrazines were prepared by the reaction of bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0) with the corresponding metal-free macrocycles. Single crystal X-ray analysis revealed that a palladium(II) ion was coordinated inside the macrocyclic cavity to form two Pd – C bonds. Electronic properties of the metalloorganic compounds were characterized by NMR, UV-vis-NIR, and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy.

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27

Hoffmüller, Winfried, Roland Krämer, Michael Maurus, Kurt Polbom, and Wolfgang Beck. "Metallkomplexe mit biologisch wichtigen Liganden, CXXVIII [1], Palladium(II)-Komplexe mit deprotonierten Peptidestern als N,N′-Chelatliganden / Metal Complexes with Biologically Important Ligands, CXXVIII [1]. Palladium(II) Complexes with Deprotonated Peptide Esters as N,N′-Chelate Ligands." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 55, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 855–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2000-0909.

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Reactions of chloro bridged palladium compounds with di- and tripeptide esters give (Et3P)(Cl)2Pd(NH2CHR1CONHCHR2CO2CH3) and the N,N′-chelate compounds (Et3P)- (Cl)Pd(NH2CH2CONCHR1 CO2R2), [C6H4CH 2NMe2(C,N)]Pd(NH2CH2CONCH2CO2Et) and (Et3P)Pd(gly-gly-glyOMe-2H+). The structure of (Et3P)(Cl)Pd(gly-alaOMe-H+) was determined by X-ray diffraction analyses. Attempts to form open chain peptides from α-amino acid ester in the coordination sphere of palladium(II) are reported

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28

Kubrakova, I. V., O. A. Tyutyunnik, and S. A. Silant’ev. "Mobility of dissolved palladium and platinum species under water-rock interaction in chloride media: modeling of PGE behavior under interaction of oceanic serpentinites with sea water derivates." Геохимия 64, no. 3 (April 3, 2019): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016-7525643263-272.

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To elucidate the possibility of PGE transfer by highly-salt chloride solutions, the palladium and platinum behavior was simulated in the conditions of low-temperature hydrothermal transformation of serpentinites of the oceanic crust. In dynamic water-rock experiments using columns ﬁlled with crushed ultrabasic rocks of the ocean ﬂoor (harzburgite serpentinites of mid-oceanic ridges with diﬀerent degrees of carbonatization), it is established that the eﬃciency of palladium transfer depends on the alteration (carbonatization) degree of peridotites and under the experimental conditions is 80–100%. It is assumed that the transport of palladium occurs as a result of the formation of a strong complex compound with thiosulfate ion, which is an intermediate oxidation product in the “sulphide-sulfate” system. Platinum, hydrolyzed at approximately neutral pH and not forming compounds with thiosulfate ion, is completely retained by serpentinites, possibly due to sorption interactions with silicates. Thus, the higher mobility of palladium during the low- temperature transformation of abyssal peridotites and the dependence of the character of its distribution in the studied rocks on the processes of serpentinization and carbonatization have been conﬁrmed.

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29

Hussain, Shabbir, and Sadaf Sarfraz. "Biological Potential and Structure Activity Relationships in Organotin (IV) and Pd(II) Compounds." Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences 2, no. 2 (April 22, 2020): 124–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2018.020225.

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Organotin(IV) and palladium(II) complexes are mainly synthesized by treating a N,O or S donor ligand with an organotin halide and PdCl2, respectively. The structures of the complexes can be elucidated by various characterization techniques such as microanalysis (CHNS), FTIR spectroscopic analysis, UV-Visible spectroscopy, NMR (1H & 13C) and single crystal XRD. Organotin compounds are applied in numerous biocidal formulations as wood preservatives, surface disinfectants, antitumor agents, insecticides, marine antifouling paints, mollucides, miticides and fungicides. The biochemical activity is mainly affected by coordination number of tin, number and nature of the organic group bonded to tin and the chain length of an alkyl groups. Organotin(IV) dithiocarbamates are famous for their acaricidal, antifungal, tuberculostatic, antibacterial and anticarcinogenic activities. Cisplatin which is a famous Pt(II) drug, is successfully applied either alone or in various combinations to treat cancer. However, There is also a growing interest in the discovery of alternate drugs with palladium(II) because there are considerable similarities between the coordination chemistry of palladium(II) and platinum(II) compounds. However, the palladium complexes dissociate readily and form reactive species which could not reach their pharmacological targets. This drawback can be overcome by synthesizing Pd(II) complexes with chelating ligands such as dithiocarbamates. Pd(II) and Pt(II) compounds with bioactive ligands are of special interest due to their possibility of oral administration, lower toxicity and their ability to coordinate with DNA. Organotin(IV) derivatives possess strong antibacterial and antifungal potential while palladium(II) complexes are chiefly famous for their antitumor and anticancer activities. The nature of a metal coordinated to the ligand, has a decisive role in biological activities of both kinds of compounds.

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Watanabe, Kohei, Takashi Mino, Yasushi Yoshida, and Masami Sakamoto. "Hydrazone-Palladium Catalyzed Reactions Using Allyl Compounds." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 76, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 828–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.76.828.

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31

Lapointe, David, and Keith Fagnou. "Palladium-Catalyzed Benzylation of Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds." Organic Letters 11, no. 18 (September 17, 2009): 4160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol901689q.

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32

Huang, Jinkun, Emilio Bunel, and Margaret M. Faul. "Palladium-Catalyzed α-Vinylation of Carbonyl Compounds." Organic Letters 9, no. 21 (October 2007): 4343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol7019839.

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33

Murahashi, T. "Discrete Sandwich Compounds of Monolayer Palladium Sheets." Science 313, no. 5790 (August 25, 2006): 1104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1125245.

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34

Tristany, Mar, James Courmarcel, Philippe Dieudonné, Marcial Moreno-Mañas, Roser Pleixats, Albert Rimola, Mariona Sodupe, and Silvia Villarroya. "Palladium Nanoparticles Entrapped in Heavily Fluorinated Compounds." Chemistry of Materials 18, no. 3 (February 2006): 716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm051967a.

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35

Niele, Frank G. M., and Roeland J. M. Nolte. "Palladium(II) cage compounds based on diphenylglycoluril." Journal of the American Chemical Society 110, no. 1 (January 1988): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00209a027.

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36

Mingos, D. Michael P., and Ramón Vilar. "Synthesis and reactivity of palladium cluster compounds." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 557, no. 1 (April 1998): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-328x(97)00741-9.

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37

Sarkar, Nabin, Mamata Mahato, and Sharanappa Nembenna. "Palladium-Catalyzed Selective Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2020, no. 23 (May 14, 2020): 2295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.202000310.

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38

Riera, X., V. Moreno, C. J. Ciudad, V. Noe, M. Font-Bardía, and X. Solans. "Complexes of Pd(II) and Pt(II) with 9-Aminoacridine: Reactions with DNA and Study of Their Antiproliferative Activity." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2007 (2007): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/98732.

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Four new metal complexes {M = Pd(II) or Pt(II)} containing the ligand 9-aminoacridine (9AA) were prepared. The compounds were characterized by FT-IR andH,C, andPtNMR spectroscopies. Crystal structure of the palladium complex of formulae[Pd(9AA)(μ-Cl)]2·2DMF was determined by X-ray diffraction. Two 9-acridine molecules in the imine form bind symmetrically to the metal ions in a bidentate fashion through the imine nitrogen atom and the C(1) atom of the aminoacridine closing a new five-membered ring. By reaction with phosphine or pyridine, the Cl bridges broke and compounds with general formulae [Pd(9AA)Cl(L)] (whereL=PPh3or py) were formed. A mononuclear complex of platinum of formulae [Pt(9AA)Cl(DMSO)] was also obtained by direct reaction of 9-aminoacridine and the complex [PtCl2(DMSO)2]. The capacity of the compounds to modify the secondary and tertiary structures of DNA was evaluated by means of circular dichroism and electrophoretic mobility. Both palladium and platinum compounds proved active in the modification of both the secondary and tertiary DNA structures. AFM images showed noticeable modifications of the morphology of the plasmid pBR322 DNA by the compounds probably due to the intercalation of the complexes between base pairs of the DNA molecule. Finally, the palladium complex was tested for antiproliferative activity against three different human tumor cell lines. The results suggest that the palladium complex of formula[Pd(9AA)(μ-Cl)]2has significant antiproliferative activity, although it is less active than cisplatin.

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39

Saberov, Vagiz, Alexander Avksentiev, Gennady Rayenko, Alexey Ryabitsky, Vasil Yenya, Maxim Nechitaylov, and Nikolai Korotkikh. "CATALYSIS OF HYDRODEHALOGENATION REACTION OF HALOARENES BY CARBENE PEPPSI-PALLADIUM COMPLEXES." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 88, no. 1 (February 16, 2022): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/2708-129x.88.01.2022.67-81.

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The synthesis of a number of carbene PEPPSI-complexes of palladium with various pyridine and carbene ligands was carried out by reactions of 1,3-bis-(2,6-dibenzhydryl-4-methylphenyl)imidazolium chloride IPr*.HCl [compounds 7a-c IPr*PdCl2L’, L’ = pyridine (а), 3-chloropyridine (b), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (с)], 1,3-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium perchlorate IPr.HClO4 [compounds 8a,b IPr.PdCl2L’, L’ = 3-chloropyridine (а), о-phenanthroline (b)], 1,3-diphenyl-4-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazolium perchlorate L.HClO4 (complex 9 LPdCl2L’, L’ = 3-chloropyridine) and 1,3-dicetylimidazolium bromide L.HBr (complex 11 LPdCl2L’, L’ = pyridine) with palladium chloride in pyridines (pyridine, 3-chloropyridine), or acetonitrile in the presence of potassium carbonate. Yields of compounds – from high (56–100%) to moderate (36 %). The structure of the compounds was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Chemical shifts of carbene atoms in the 13C NMR spectra of complexes 7a-c. 8a, b 11 are in the region 151.0-156.2 ppm, for complex 9 - at  174.4 ppm A high catalytic effect of sterically shielded complexes 7a, b, 8a, b in the hydrodehalogenation reaction of p-dichlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene under the action of potassium tert-butoxide in isopropanol was established. 1,3-Bis-(2,6-dibenzhydryl-4-methylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene complexes 7a, b (quantitative conversions with p-dichlorobenzene are achieved with 0.013 mol% of catalyst) show the highest efficiency, but the compound with 4-dimethylaminopyridine ligand 7c has significantly lower efficiency (22% conversion under these conditions). Complexes with 1,3-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene ligand 8a, b are close in efficiency to compounds 7a, b (for 7a quantitative conversion is achieved with 0.026 mol% of catalyst). Phenanthroline-containing complex 8b is less effective than complex 8a (87% conversion with 0.052 mol% of catalyst). Complex 9 is much less effective (even with 0.13 mol% of catalyst 13% conversion is achieved). Compound 11 catalyzes the reaction well only when the amount of catalyst is up to 1.3 mol% (98% conversion). Thus, compounds 7a, b, 8a are the best PEPPSI-catalysts for hydrodehalogenation of haloarenes promising for industrial decontamination of persistent organic pollutants (hexachlorobenzene, DDT, dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls, etc.).

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40

Jeldybayeva, Indira M., Zhaksyntay K. Kairbekov, Kazhmukan O. Kishibayev, Elmira T. Yermoldina, and Saltanat M. Suimbayeva. "Catalytic activity and selectivity of Palladium and Nickel catalysts in hydrogenation reactions of nitro- and acetylene compounds." Chimica Techno Acta 9, no. 3 (July 26, 2022): 20229306. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/chimtech.2022.9.3.06.

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This paper presents the results of a study on the catalytic activity and selectivity of nickel and palladium catalysts in hydrogenation reactions of nitro- and acetylene compounds. It was shown that the activity and selectivity of nickel catalysts in the hydrogenation of phenylacetylene depend on the nature of modifying additives (Cu, Zn, Ti, Cr, Bi, Ti–Cu, Mn, Fe), and the activity and selectivity of palladium catalysts based on a polymer of metal complexes depends on the method of their preparation. It was found that for certain concentrations of the active phase of palladium (0.8 wt.%) and the polymer of potassium humate (1.0 wt.%.) in the catalyst, where palladium and the polymer were deposited on bauxite-094 together, the catalyst exhibits the greatest activity and selectivity when hydrogenating phenylacetylene and potassium orthonitrophenolate.

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41

Amoah, Cephas, Collins Obuah, Michael Kojo Ainooson, Christian Kwaku Adokoh, and Alfred Muller. "Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial applications of pyrazolyl-sulfonamides and their palladium complexes." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 7 (2021): 3716–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj05143h.

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42

Li, Mi-Zhuan, Qi Tong, Wen-Yong Han, Si-Yi Yang, Bao-Dong Cui, Nan-Wei Wan, and Yong-Zheng Chen. "Synthesis of chromone-containing polycyclic compounds via palladium-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] annulation." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 18, no. 6 (2020): 1112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ob02690h.

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A variety of chromone-containing polycyclic compounds are efficiently constructed in good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities via palladium-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] annulation of 3-iodochromones, α-bromo carbonyl compounds, and tetracyclododecene.

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43

Bölcskei, Hedvig, Andrea Német-Hanzelik, Zsófia Dubrovay, Viktor Háda, and György Keglevich. "Synthesis of Phenyl- and Pyridyl-substituted Benzyloxybenzaldehydes by Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling Reactions." Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 16, no. 11 (October 23, 2019): 1248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180816666181106123809.

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Background: Aryl-methoxybenzaldehydes substituted in various positions may serve as valuable starting materials for the synthesis of biologically active compounds. Methods: Biaryl-methoxybenzaldehydes and pyridyl-aryl-methoxybenzaldehydes were synthesized by the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions as intermediates of potential drug substances. Three different catalytic approaches were compared. The classical Suzuki method utilising tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and sodium ethoxide, the protocol applying palladium acetate and tri(o-tolyl)phosphine, and the method using tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and cesium carbonate, were studied. Results: The selected boronic acids were the classical phenylboronic acid, as well as 4-pyridineand 3-pyridineboronic acids. 26 New biaryl-methoxybenzaldehydes or pyridyl-phenylmethoxybenzaldehydes have been synthesized, which may be intermediates for pharmaceutically active compounds. Conclusion: The method of Anderson et al. was preferred, because it provides satisfactory results in all cases.

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44

Müller, Gabi, Martti Klinga, Peter Osswald, Markku Leskelä, and Bernhard Rieger. "Palladium Complexes with Bidentate P,N Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Ethene Oligomerization." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 57, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2002-0713.

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Palladium complexes of two different P,N ligands (a phosphane-pyridine and a phosphane-imine ligand) were synthesized and characterized. Single crystal X-ray structure analyses of the palladium diiodide compounds revealed a square-planar coordination geometry at the metal center with a longer Pd-I bond in trans-position to the phosphorus atom. The chloro-methyl palladium species of the phosphane-pyridine ligand was applied for the oligomerization of ethene using a borate salt as cocatalyst.

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45

Pfeffer, Michael G., Christian Pehlken, Robert Staehle, Dieter Sorsche, Carsten Streb, and Sven Rau. "Supramolecular activation of a molecular photocatalyst." Dalton Trans. 43, no. 35 (2014): 13307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt00761a.

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46

G.O., Obaiah, Shivaprasad K.H., Shrikanth K. Bhat, and Mylarappa M. "Selective Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds to Amines From Pd Doped TiO₂ Catalyzed Nano Catalyst." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 1681–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.1681ecst.

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An efficient chemoselective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to corresponding amino analogs was achieved using palladium doped TiO2 (Ti0.97Pd0.03O1.97) nanoparticles. The reductions are effectively carried out in the presence of aromatic nitro compounds of various other reducible functional groups such as halo, alkoxy, carbonyl, and cyanide. The reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to aromatic amines was recognized with excellent yield (100%) by using nano porous palladium as a sustainable catalyst and as a hydrogen source. Reduced amines were well characterized using PXRD, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR, spectroscopy. The stability and efficiency of the catalyst for reduction of 4-Nitrophenol were repeated for 9 cycles and the recovered catalyst was analyzed by XRD.

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47

Freiesleben, Doris, Barbara Wagner, Helmut Hartl, Wolfgang Beck, Michael Hollstein, and Franz Lux. "Notizen: Auflösung von Palladium- und Platinpulver durch biogene Stoffe / Dissolution of Palladium and Platinum Powder by Biogenic Compounds." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 48, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 847–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1993-0621.

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Palladium and platinum powder dissolve at room temperature in oxygen saturated solutions of α-amino acids, peptides, nucleosides and ATP.The resulting mass concentrations of dissolved palladium and platinum were in the range from 10 to 100 μg/ml.

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48

Stavarache, Carmen, Rokura Nishimura, Yasuaki Maeda, and Mircea Vinatoru. "Sonolysis of chlorobenzene in the presence of transition metal salts." Open Chemistry 1, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 339–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bf02475221.

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AbstractSonolysis of aqueous solution of chlorobenzene at 200 kHz frequency in the presence of transition metals chlorides was investigated. Through analyzing the nature and distribution of the products detected in the reaction mixture, a new mechanism of sonodegradation is advanced. Depending on the metals used and their behavior during sonolysis, we were able to discriminate between inside and outside cavitation bubble mechanisms. Iron and cobalt chlorides, which could undergo redox reactions in the presence of HO radicals generated ultrasonically, give higher amounts of phenolic compounds compared with palladium chloride that undergoes a reduction to metal. Palladium reduction takes place in bulk solution and therefore all organic reactions that compete for hydrogen must occur also in bulk solution. Accordingly, palladium can be a useful tool in determining the reaction site and the decomposition mechanism of organic compounds under ultrasonic irradiation.

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49

Baranano, David, Grace Mann, and John F. Hartwig. "Nickel and Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings that Form Carbon-Heteroatom and Carbon-Element Bonds." Current Organic Chemistry 1, no. 3 (September 1997): 287–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272801666220124194647.

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The transition-metal catalyzed addition of heteroatom nucleophiles to aryl and vinyl halides is reviewed. This chemistry typically involves a nickel- or palladium-based catalyst containing phosphine ligands. In recently developed palladium-catalyzed chemistry, aryl halides react with amines in the presence of base to form arylamines. In similar chemistry catalyzed by both nickel and palladium, aryl and vinyl halides react with alkali metal or tin thiolates or selenides to form aryl and vinyl sulfides, while the reaction of different phosphorus compounds, such as phosphides, phosphonates, and phosphonites, with aryl halides gives compounds with new aryl-p· linkages. In addition to these typically nucleophilic heteroatoms, electrophilic heteroatoms such as boron, silicon, tin, and germanium have also been coupled to aryl electrophiles. The review closes with a brief summary of the general reaction pathways of these C-X bond-forming processes.

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50

Mirzadeh, Nedaossadat, T. Srinivasa Reddy, Steven H. Privér, and Suresh K. Bhargava. "Synthesis, anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing studies of palladacycles containing a diphosphine and a Sn,As-based chelate ligand." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 16 (2019): 5183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt03875a.

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