Academic literature on the topic 'Pali'

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Journal articles on the topic "Pali"

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Calcagno-Pizarelli, Ana M., Susana Negrete-Urtasun, Steven H. Denison, Joanna D. Rudnicka, Henk-Jan Bussink, Tatiana Múnera-Huertas, Ljiljana Stanton, et al. "Establishment of the Ambient pH Signaling Complex in Aspergillus nidulans: PalI Assists Plasma Membrane Localization of PalH." Eukaryotic Cell 6, no. 12 (December 2007): 2365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00275-07.

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ABSTRACT The Aspergillus nidulans ambient pH signaling pathway involves two transmembrane domain (TMD)-containing proteins, PalH and PalI. We provide in silico and mutational evidence suggesting that PalI is a three TMD (3-TMD) protein with an N-terminal signal peptide, and we show that PalI localizes to the plasma membrane. PalI is not essential for the proteolytic conversion of the PacC translation product into the processed 27-kDa form, but its absence markedly reduces the accumulation of the 53-kDa intermediate after cells are shifted to an alkaline pH. PalI and its homologues contain a predicted luminal, conserved Gly-Cys-containing motif that distantly resembles a Gly-rich dimerization domain. The Gly44Arg and Gly47Asp substitutions within this motif lead to loss of function. The Gly47Asp substitution prevents plasma membrane localization of PalI-green fluorescent protein (GFP) and leads to its missorting into the multivesicular body pathway. Overexpression of the likely ambient alkaline pH receptor, the 7-TMD protein PalH, partially suppresses the null palI32 mutation. Although some PalH-GFP localizes to the plasma membrane, it predominates in internal membranes. However, the coexpression of PalI to stoichiometrically similar levels results in the strong predominance of PalH-GFP in the plasma membrane. Thus, one role for PalI, but possibly not the only role, is to assist with plasma membrane localization of PalH. These data, considered along with previous reports for both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and A. nidulans, strongly support the prevailing model of pH signaling involving two spatially segregated complexes: a plasma membrane complex containing PalH, PalI, and the arrestin-like protein PalF and an endosomal membrane complex containing PalA and PalB, to which PacC is recruited for its proteolytic activation.
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Rafalski, Leszek, Czesław Szymankiewicz, Daniel Słowikowski, and Dariusz Petyniak. "Ocena nośności pali CFA z podstawą poszerzoną metodą iniekcji strumieniowej." Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty 20, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7409/rabdim.021.015.

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W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań pali wierconych z podstawą poszerzoną metodą iniekcji strumieniowej. Na budowie obiektów mostowych drogi S8 na węźle Salomea w Warszawie wykonano doświadczalny pal i ustalono, że jego nośność była 1,5 razy większa od nośności pala bez poszerzonej podstawy, a obciążenie dopuszczalne tego pala było 1,65 razy większe od obciążenia dopuszczalnego pala bez poszerzonej podstawy. Stwierdzono, że całkowite opory podstawy tego pala zostają zmobilizowane przy przemieszczeniach odpowiadających w przybliżeniu 0,1 średnicy pala. Podczas budowy obiektów mostowych drogi S8 na odcinku obwodnicy Marek przeprowadzono próbne obciążenia 17 pali CFA z podstawą poszerzoną metodą iniekcji strumieniowej. Stwierdzono, że średnia wartość nośności obliczeniowej pali była 1,23 razy większa od projektowanego średniego obciążenia obliczeniowego, natomiast średnia nośność graniczna była 1,78 razy większa od projektowanego średniego obciążenia obliczeniowego. Średni wskaźnik nośności obliczeniowej wyznaczony na podstawie badania wynosił 1,23, a średni wskaźnik nośności granicznej wyniósł 1,89. Na podstawie badań doświadczalnych zdefiniowano zasady obliczania nośności pali CFA z podstawą poszerzoną metodą iniekcji strumieniowej.
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Börnke, Frederik, Mohammad Hajirezaei, and Uwe Sonnewald. "Cloning and Characterization of the Gene Cluster for Palatinose Metabolism from the Phytopathogenic BacteriumErwinia rhapontici." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 8 (April 15, 2001): 2425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.8.2425-2430.2001.

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ABSTRACT Erwinia rhapontici is able to convert sucrose into isomaltulose (palatinose, 6-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-d-fructose) and trehalulose (1-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-d-fructose) by the activity of a sucrose isomerase. These sucrose isomers cannot be metabolized by plant cells and most other organisms and therefore are possibly advantageous for the pathogen. This view is supported by the observation that in vitro yeast invertase activity can be inhibited by palatinose, thus preventing sucrose consumption. Due to the lack of genetic information, the role of sucrose isomers in pathogenicity has not been evaluated. Here we describe for the first time the cloning and characterization of the palatinose (pal) genes fromErwinia rhapontici. To this end, a 15-kb chromosomal DNA fragment containing nine complete open reading frames (ORFs) was cloned. The pal gene products of Erwinia rhapontici were shown to be homologous to proteins involved in uptake and metabolism of various sugars from other microorganisms. ThepalE, palF, palG, palH, palK, palQ, and palZgenes were oriented divergently with respect to the palRand palI genes, and sequence analysis suggested that the first set of genes constitutes an operon. Northern blot analysis of RNA extracted from bacteria grown under various conditions implies that the expression of the palI gene and the palEFGHKQZgenes is oppositely regulated at the transcriptional level. Genes involved in palatinose uptake and metabolism are down regulated by sucrose and activated by palatinose. Palatinose activation is inhibited by sucrose. Functional expression of palI andpalQ in Escherichia coli revealed sucrose isomerase and palatinase activity, respectively.
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Szymankiewicz, Czesław, Leszek Rafalski, Paweł Głowacki, and Andrzej Jachacy. "Ocena nośności pali CFA z podstawą poszerzoną metodą iniekcji strumieniowej na budowie drogi ekspresowej S6." BUILDER 292, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.4182.

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W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań pali CFA z podstawą poszerzoną metodą iniekcji strumieniowej, wykonanych podczas budowy obiektów mostowych drogi ekspresowej S6 na odcinku Kiełpino – Kołobrzeg. Wykonano badania 15 pali i na podstawie tych badań oceniono nośność obliczeniową oraz graniczną pali, które porównano z obciążeniem obliczeniowym według projektu. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynikało, że średnia wartość wskaźnika nośności obliczeniowej pali na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań wyniosła 1,08. Trzy pale usytuowane w lewej części podpory A w obiekcie MS-74 charakteryzowały się mniejszą nośnością obliczeniową na podstawie badania w porównaniu do obciążenia obliczeniowego według projektu. Na podstawie badań sondą CPT stwierdzono, że grunty w tym miejscu charakteryzowały się słabszymi parametrami geotechnicznymi niż wynikało z wcześniejszych badań. Z tego powodu we wszystkich palach lewej części tej podpory wykonano pod podstawami pali metodą iniekcji strumieniowej dodatkowe kolumny z cementogruntu, co spowodowało istotne zwiększenie nośności tych pali.
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Sahni, Bhisham 1915-2003. "Pali." Manoa 19, no. 1 (2007): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/man.2007.0052.

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De Costa, Devika M., Katsunori Suzuki, and Kazuo Yoshida. "Structural and Functional Analysis of a Putative Gene Cluster for Palatinose Transport on the Linear Chromosome of Agrobacterium tumefaciens MAFF301001." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 7 (April 1, 2003): 2369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.7.2369-2373.2003.

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ABSTRACT We identified a putative pal gene cluster (palR, palE, palF, palG, palK, palA, and palB) in the plant-tumorigenic bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens MAFF301001; by sequencing analyses, this cluster was found to be involved in palatinose transport, and its functional importance was revealed by mutational analyses. The pal gene products were highly homologous to those of putative trehalose/maltose ABC-type transport systems but were not essential to bacterial growth on trehalose. Insertion mutations in the palK and palE genes showed the necessity of these genes for bacterial growth and chemotaxis with palatinose as the carbon source, but no inhibition of tumorigenesis was observed. Growth on trehalose and maltose was not influenced by the mutations.
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K, Prakash. "Some Customary Obligations of Hoysala Period." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, S1-Feb (February 6, 2021): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8is1-feb.3963.

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Nugraha, Satriya, and Theresia Dessy Wardani. "Penerapan Pali Dalam Ritual Tiwah Dayak Ngaju." Anterior Jurnal 20, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/anterior.v20i2.2175.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan ragam pali dan denda pali dalam ritual Dayak Ngaju Tiwah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan model pendekatan budaya dengan mengumpulkan data berupa kata, gambar, dan bukan angka dari studi pustaka, wawancara, catatan lapangan, foto, dan video dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa reduksi data, penyajian data. dan menyimpulkan. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah bahwa dalam ritual tiwah terdapat pembatas adat yang disebut Hinting Pali, yang tidak dapat dilanggar oleh beberapa jenis pali atau pantangan seperti pali sayur, pali hewan, pali ikan, dan sikap / perilaku pali. Jika ada pelanggaran pali dalam ritual tiwah, denda yang diberikan adalah mengganti dua kali lipat biaya tiwah yang telah dikeluarkan oleh anggota ritual tiwah. Penelitian ini hanya membahas pali dalam ritual tiwah masyarakat adat Dayak Ngaju. Kedepannya, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar penelitian tentang pali dalam ritual dan upacara lainnya dalam budaya masyarakat adat Dayak Ngaju Kalimantan Tengah.
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O.v.H. and Vito Perniola. "Pali Grammar." Journal of the American Oriental Society 122, no. 1 (January 2002): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3087726.

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Pilon, Juliana Geran. "Goodbye, Pali!" Academic Questions 33, no. 1 (January 23, 2020): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12129-019-09865-7.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pali"

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Bhattacharya, Sandhya. "State of Buddhism in Ceylon (Srilaṅkā) as depicted in the Pali chronicles." Varanasi : Pilgrims Pub, 2003. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/54073510.html.

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Salkin, Sean. "A survey of the use of the term vedana (“sensations”) in the Pali Nikayas." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2075.

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Salkin, Sean. "A survey of the use of the term vedana (“sensations”) in the Pali Nikayas." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2075.

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Schnake, Javier. "Le Dhamma par le jeu d’esprit et de la langue : le Vajirasāratthasaṅgaha, texte pāli du Nord de la Thaïlande (XVIe siècle)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP025/document.

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Cette recherche porte sur l’investigation philologique d’un texte bouddhique en pali, le Vajirasaratthasangaha composé dans le Nord de la Thaïlande (XVe-XVIe siècles), qui n’a jamais fait l’objet d’une étude intégrale. Le but est d’établir une édition critique de ce texte et de son commentaire, traduire intégralement ce corpus, et saisir sa place dans le bouddhisme du sud-est asiatique. Ce compendium est unique dans le champ de la littérature pali, tant dans la nature de ses contenus que dans son mode de présentation. Il embrasse un grand volume d’enseignements qui traitent de thématiques diverses, telles que des points de doctrines religieuses, de l’étymologie, des mathématiques, de la poétique, la cosmologie, des devinettes, etc. Le mode de composition singulier de ce texte s’appuie sur le codage de chacun de ses chapitres, faisant appel à des mécanismes et jeux qui concernent essentiellement le langage et sa construction : devinettes savantes, notions grammaticales, polysémies, acrostiches, etc. Cette œuvre est ainsi une synthèse originale d’éléments érudits (hua chai, ekakkhara, etc.) qui témoigne d’une part de l’importance qu’a pu revêtir l’étude avancée de la langue dans le contexte du Lanna du XVIe siècle. D’autre part, certains de ses enseignements éclairent d’un jour nouveau certaines spécificités régionales dans leurs dimensions pratiques et ésotériques. Il ouvre ainsi de nouvelles voies de compréhension du statut du pali en tant que langue sacrée
This research is a philological investigation of a Buddhist text in Pali, the Vajirasaratthasangaha written in Northern Thailand (15th-16th), which has never been the object of a full-fledged study. It aims to establish a critical edition of this text and its commentary, to translate this corpus, and to understand its place within the Buddhism of South-East Asia. This compendium is unique in the Pali literary landscape, in its mode of presentation as well as in its contents. It contains an important amount of Buddhist teachings that deal with a variety of topics, such as moral principles for lay Buddhists, etymology, mathematics, poetics, cosmology, riddles, etc. The singular mode of composition of this text is based on the encoding of each chapters, mainly relying on mechanisms and games that concern essentially the language and its construction: riddles, grammatical notions, polysemies, acrostichs, etc. Thus, this text is an original synthesis of scholarly elements (hua chai, ekakkhara, etc.) that testifies, first, to the importance of advanced linguistic studies in the Lanna context during the 16th century. Secondly, some of the elements presented throw some new light on regional specificities in their practical and esoterical dimensions, opening new ways for understanding the status of Pali as a sacred language
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Girelli, Matteo. "Stabilizzazione dei movimenti franosi mediante pali discreti." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/159/.

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Bodhiprasiddhinand, Pathompong. "Word order in early Pali prose texts." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270053.

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GUERRA, Lara. "MODELLAZIONE FISICA DI PALI TRIVELLATI IN SABBIA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2388691.

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The dissertation deals with the modelling of the behaviour of bored pile, embedded in a coarse grained soil, axially loaded in tension and compression, with particular attention to the mobilization of the lateral and the base capacities. A series of almost 60 centrifuge tests has been carried out on free-headed and close-ended rough model piles, instrumented and not, whose dimensions varies from 8 mm to 32 mm in diameter and 160 mm to 320 mm in length. The tests have been carried out at various acceleration levels between 30g and 160g, thus simulating a large series of prototype dimensions. The “ideally non-displacement” model piles are embedded in a very fine silica sand, called FF, pluvially deposed at a medium and a high density. To analyse the load direction effect on the mobilisation of the skin friction, the results of tension tests are compared with those gathered in compression at same state conditions. A series of almost 150 direct shear constant normal stiffness tests, on interface between FF sand and rigid aluminium plates of various surface roughness has been performed. All centrifuge and direct shear constant normal stiffness tests have been performed at the ISMGEO laboratories (Istituto Sperimentale Modelli Geotecnici in Seriate BG, Italy), which totally financed the experimental program. The conceptual framework of the physical modelling of bored pile foundation in centrifuge is described in the first part of the thesis, underlining the limitations mainly connected to the scale effects. The experimental set up, the model piles dimensions and characteristics, the mechanical properties of the FF sand, the sample deposition technique, the test instrumentations and procedures are also outlined. The common empirical correlations for the prediction of the shaft resistance are summarised and applied to the centrifuge test results; a new formulation to evaluate the normal stress variation, acting on the pile shaft at peak friction, is also proposed, which take into account for the density of the sand. The scale effects on the ultimate shaft resistance and on the correlated settlement are analysed so as the displacement scaling law which has to be applied on the interface behaviour to scale the settlement of model pile to prototype scale. The critical and ultimate base resistance of model non-displacement piles loaded in centrifuge tests are evaluated using the most common practical correlations. New formulations for the evaluation of the critical base resistance from a cone penetration test and the sand state parameters are presented. The main conclusions derived from the centrifuge loading tests on model piles, from the direct shear constant normal stiffness interface tests and form some literature data, are summarised in the last chapter together with future developments of the research.
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Torsani, Andrea. "Analisi dell'interazione terreno-struttura per la progettazione di una fondazione su pali di una pila da ponte." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5392/.

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Analisi dell'interazione terreno-struttura nel caso di palo singolo caricato assialmente e perpendicolarmente all'asse. Studio analitico e modellazione agli elementi finiti, bidimensionale e tridimensionale. Analisi dell'interazione platea-pali-terreno nel caso di platea su pali. Studio analitico e modellazione agli elementi finiti, bidimensionale e tridimensionale.
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Webster, David. "Desire in the Buddhist Pali canon : a comparative exploration." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270650.

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Gornall, Alastair Malcolm. "Buddhism and grammar : the scholarly cultivation of Pāli in Medieval Laṅkā." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608160.

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Books on the topic "Pali"

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Krētikou, Antriana. Pali kai pali--. Athēna: Planodion, 2011.

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Kalnietis, Vilis. Pali Kapj. Lincoln, NB: Gauja, 1989.

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J, Hoffman Frank, and Deegalle Mahinda 1961-, eds. Pali Buddhism. Richmond Surrey, TW: Curzon Press, 1995.

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E, Kunacekaran Ke. Pali āṭukaḷ. Putuccēri: Navajōti Patippakam, 1999.

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Tēvipārati. Pali: Cir̲ukataikaḷ. Īrōṭu: Kālam Patippakam, 1993.

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Perniola, Vito. Pali grammar. Oxford: Pali Text Society, 1997.

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Thavōrēs, Dēmētrēs. Dromos pali. Thessalonikē: Ekdoseis Enteuktēriou, 2016.

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Susanto, Gimin Edi. Kamus bahasa Pali: Bahasa Pali, Inggris, Indonesia. 2nd ed. [Jakarta?]: Yanweko Wahana Karya, 2009.

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Susanto, Gimin Edi. Kamus bahasa Pali: Bahasa Pali, Inggris, Indonesia. 2nd ed. [Jakarta?]: Yanweko Wahana Karya, 2009.

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Susanto, Gimin Edi. Kamus bahasa Pali: Bahas Pali, Inggris, Indonesia. 2nd ed. [Jakarta?]: Yanweko Wahana Karya, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pali"

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Lizzi, F. "‘Pali radice’ structures." In Underpinning and Retention, 84–156. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7094-7_4.

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Roy, Kumkum. "Manikantha Jataka (Pali)." In Same-Sex Love in India, 37–39. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-62183-5_2.

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Roy, Kumkum. "Manikantha Jataka (Pali)." In Same-Sex Love in India, 37–39. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05480-7_2.

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"Pali." In Primer amor., translated by Roberto E. García, 91–98. El Colegio de México, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.1823137.10.

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"Pali Formation." In Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000), 836. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-93824-8_5912.

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"∞côte pali." In The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Textiles. Fairchild Books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365072.3823.

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"pali, n.²." In Oxford English Dictionary. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oed/2256977713.

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"Sarvajñatā, Sabbaññutā (Pali)." In Buddhism and Jainism, 1076. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0852-2_100766.

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"GLOSARIO PALI-ESPAÑOL." In Compendio del Abhidhamma, 347–62. El Colegio de México, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvhn0c4g.19.

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"'Pali radice' structures." In Underpinning and Retention, 98–170. CRC Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482269369-10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pali"

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Charoenrattana, Kittikan, and Pusadee Seresangtakul. "Pali Speech Synthesis using HMM." In 2021 13th International Conference on Knowledge and Smart Technology (KST). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/kst51265.2021.9415759.

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Gautam, Neha, R. S. Sharma, and Hazrati Garima. "Ariyaka: A PALI Alphabet Recognition Script." In 2015 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cicn.2015.65.

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Gautam, Neha, R. S. Sharma, and Garima Hazrati. "Akkhara-Muni: An Instance for Classifying PALI Characters." In 2015 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cicn.2015.57.

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Phienthrakul, Tanasanee, and Wanwisa Chevakulmongkol. "Handwritten recognition on Pali cards of Buddhadasa Indapanno." In 2013 International Computer Science and Engineering Conference (ICSEC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsec.2013.6694777.

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Morgan, Alexander M., and Robert A. Craddock. "MARS-ANALOG ALLUVIAL FANS ALONG THE HILINA PALI, HAWAII." In 113th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017cd-292362.

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Ahmadi, Sina, Milind Agarwal, and Antonios Anastasopoulos. "PALI: A Language Identification Benchmark for Perso-Arabic Scripts." In Tenth Workshop on NLP for Similar Languages, Varieties and Dialects (VarDial 2023). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.vardial-1.8.

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Maria, Rosy Armaini, Nurhasanah, and Yevi Dwitayanti. "The Factors Affecting of Good Government Governance Implementation in Pali." In 2nd Forum in Research, Science, and Technology (FIRST) – International Conference. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009151800002500.

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Shao, Qi, Ekaterina Morgounova, and Shai Ashkenazi. "Direct tissue oxygen monitoring by in vivo photoacoustic lifetime imaging (PALI)." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Alexander A. Oraevsky and Lihong V. Wang. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2039985.

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Awatar, Ram. "Late Permian Palynofossils from the Pali Formation, South Rewa Basin, Madhya Pradesh, India." In Proceedings of XXIII Indian Colloquium on Micropaleontalogy and Stratigraphy and International Symposium on Global Bioevents in Earth's History. Geological Society of India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/cgsi/2013/63319.

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Salinas, Christopher M., Eric Reichel, and Russell S. Witte. "Short-wave Photoacoustic Lipid Imaging (SW-PALI) for Detection of early-onset Alzheimer's Disease." In 2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ius54386.2022.9957485.

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Reports on the topic "Pali"

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Lee, Heajoo. Pale Horse. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-984.

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Dzanku, Fred M., and Louis S. Hodey. Achieving Inclusive Oil Palm Commercialisation in Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.007.

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Oil palm is the most important export crop in Ghana, aside from cocoa. Compared with cocoa, however, oil palm has a more extensive local value chain, including greater opportunity for local industrial and artisanal processing into palm oil and other products, which creates a high potential for employment generation and poverty reduction; as a result oil palm is classified as a priority crop. The selection of oil palm as a priority crop aims to promote agricultural commercialisation through domestic agroindustry development and exports. In spite of this, the oil palm economy has still not achieved its potential, and this begs the question, why? Although it is known in general that commercialisation potential and its benefits are not equally distributed across groups, it is not clear how and why different subgroups (women, men, youth) might benefit differently from the oil palm economy. This brief addresses why different groups of smallholders (women, men, youth) benefit unequally from oil palm value chains, and how returns to oil palm production and marketing could become more inclusive.
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S., Savilaakso, Petrokofsky G., Zrust M., and Guariguata M.R. Palm oil and biodiversity. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/004559.

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Seno, Masakazu, Michihiro Kuramochi, and George Karypis. PAFI: A Pattern Finding Toolkit. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada439568.

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von Balthasar, Hans Urs. La seconda moltiplicazione dei pani. Saint John Publications, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56154/pr.

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Dzanku, Fred Mawunyo, and Louis Sitsofe Hodey. Livelihood Outcomes of Agricultural Commercialisation, Women's Empowerment and Rural Employment. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.033.

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Across Ghana, mixed-crop-livestock enterprises dominate the farming systems with most farmers producing both food staples and non-food cash crops. However, this paper focuses mainly on oil palm-producing farmers because oil palm is Ghana’s second most important industrial crop (aside from cocoa). However, it has a more extensive local value chain that allows for artisanal processing and thus, has huge potential for rural employment generation and poverty reduction. Oil palm is also one of the priority crops under Ghana’s Food and Agriculture Sector Development Policy. This paper reviews the livelihood outcomes with regards to agricultural commercialisation and how this particularly relates to women’s empowerment and rural employment in the oil palm sector in Ghana.
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Torvikey, Gertrude Dzifa, and Fred Mawunyo Dzanku. In the Shadow of Industrial Companies: Class and Spatial Dynamics of Artisanal Palm Oil Processing in Rural Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.010.

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This paper is concerned with the multiple opportunities and challenges of artisanal palm oil processing and the potential multiplier effects on local economies. It examines the effect of the presence of large oil palm plantations and their industrial processing mills on artisanal palm oil processing in two districts in the Western region of Ghana. Although artisanal and industrial processors have co-existed for a long time in the same catchment areas, little is known about the impact of this relationship on artisanal processing. Acknowledging the importance of rural diversity, complexity, and difference in agriculture-based off-farm activities, this paper also examines the effect of community and household level factors on palm oil processing incidence and intensity as well as the impact of processing on food (in)security.
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Dresselhaus-Cooper, Leora. PAL Experimental Report Form. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1630409.

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Flandreau, Marc. Pari Passu Lost and Found: The Origins of Sovereign Bankruptcy 1798-1873. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp186.

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Verdicts returned by modern courts of justice in the context of sovereign debt lawsuits have upheld a ratable (proportional) interpretation of so-called “pari passu” clauses in debt contracts which, literally, promise creditors they will be dealt with equitably. Such verdicts have given individual creditors the right to interfere with payments to others, in situation where the sovereign had failed to make proportional payments. Contract originalists argue that this interpretation of pari passu clauses has no historical foundation. Historically, they claim, pari passu clauses never granted individual creditors a unilateral right to block payments to other bondholders assenting to a government debt restructuring proposal. This article shows this claim is incorrect. Drawing on novel archival research, it argues that pari passu clauses find one potent historical origin in the operation of a now forgotten sovereign bankruptcy tribunal, the London stock exchange. Under the law of the stock exchange, departure from ratable payments did create a unilateral right for individual creditors to interfere with sovereign debt discharges. In fact, ratable distributions provided the touchstone for the stock exchange sanctioned sovereign debt discharge system. What is more, sophisticated contract drafters availed themselves of the logic. The result was a weaponization of pari passu clauses, and their inscription into sovereign debt covenants in the 19th century. The article concludes that the modern debate on the role of clauses in sovereign debt contracts cannot be held without thorough reconsideration of the history of sovereign bankruptcy.
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Y.K., Nchanji, Tataw O., Nkongho R.N., and Levang P. Artisanal Milling of Palm Oil in Cameroon. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/004378.

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