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Heredia, N., J. García-Sansegundo, G. Gallastegui, P. Farias, R. Giacosa, J. L. Alonso, P. Busquets, et al. "Evolución Geodinámica de los Andes argentino-chilenos y la Península Antártica durante el Neoproterozoico tardío y el Paleozoico Late Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic geodynamic evolution of the Argentine-Chilean Andes and the Antarctic Peninsula." Trabajos de Geología 36, no. 36 (September 12, 2018): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/tdg.36.2016.237-278.
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Resumen: Durante el Neoproterozoico tardío y el Paleozoico, el actual segmento argentino-chileno de la Cordillera de los Andes y desde finales del Paleozoico la Península Antártica, formaron parte del margen suroccidental de Gondwana. Durante este periodo de tiempo, a dicho margen se fue acrecionando un conjunto de fragmentos continentales de tamaño y aloctonía variable, dando lugar en el Paleozoico a seis orogenias de diferente extensión temporal y espacial: Pampeana (Ediacárico-Cámbrico temprano), Famatiniana (Ordovícico Medio-Silúrico), Chánica (Devónico Medio-Carbonífero temprano), Oclóyica (Ordovícico Medio-Devónico), Gondwánica (Devónico Medio-Pérmico medio) y Tabarin (Pérmico tardío-Triásico). Todas estas orogenias son colisionales, salvo la Tabarin y la Gondwánica al sur de los 38º S.Palabras clave: Evolución geodinámica, Paleozoico, Andes argentino-chilenos, Península Antártica, Orógeno Oclóyico, Orógeno Famatiniano, Orógeno Chánico, Orógeno Gondwánico, Orógeno Tabarin.Abstract: During the late Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic times, the Argentine-Chilean Andes, -and since the late Paleozoic the Antarctic Peninsula,- formed part of the southwestern margin of Gondwana. During this period of time, several continental fragments of variable extensión and allochtonie were successively accreted to that margin, resulted in six Paleozoic orogenies of different temporal and spatial extension: Pampean (Ediacaran-early Cambrian), Famatinian (Middle Ordovician-Silurian), Chanic (Middle Devonian-early Carboniferous), Ocloyic (Middle Ordovician-Devonian), Gondwanan (Middle Devonian-middle Permian) and Tabarin (late Permian-Triassic). All these orogenies had a collisional character, with the exception of the Tabarin and the Gondwanan south of 38º S.Keywords: Geodynamic evolution, Paleozoic, Argentine-Chilean Andes, Antarctic Peninsula, Ocloyic orogen, Famatinian orogen, Chanic orogen, Gondwanan orogen, Tabarin orogen.
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Weinberg, Roberto F., Raul Becchio, Pablo Farias, Nestor Suzaño, and Alfonso Sola. "Early Paleozoic accretionary orogenies in NW Argentina: Growth of West Gondwana." Earth-Science Reviews 187 (December 2018): 219–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.10.001.
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Ruban, Dmitry A., Moujahed I. Al-Husseini, and Yumiko Iwasaki. "Review of Middle East Paleozoic plate tectonics." GeoArabia 12, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia120335.
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ABSTRACT The Paleozoic Middle East terranes, neighboring the present-day Arabian and Levant plates, are shown by most authors to consist of ten major tectonic units: (1 and 2) the Helmand and Farah terranes of Afghanistan, southwest Pakistan and southeast Turkmenistan; (3 to 6) the Alborz, Central Iran (Lut, Yazd and Tabas) and Sanandaj-Sirjan terranes of Iran, and Northwest Iran (possibly extending into eastern Turkey); (7 and 8) the Pontides and Taurides terranes of Turkey; and (9 and 10) the Greater and Lesser Caucasus terranes between the Caspian and Black seas (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and southwest Russia). Published plate-tectonic reconstructions indicate that all ten terranes may have broken off from either: (1) the Gondwana Supercontinent in the mid-Silurian as part of the Hun Superterrane; or (2) the Pangea Supercontinent during the mid-Permian - Triassic as part of the Cimmeria Superterrane. To the north of Gondwana and Pangea, three successively younger Tethyan oceans evolved: (1) Proto-Tethys (Cambrian - Devonian); (2) Paleo-Tethys (mid-Silurian - Mesozoic); and (3) Neo-Tethys (mid-Permian - Cenozoic). Two regional Paleozoic unconformities in the Arabian Plate are generally linked to major regional-scale structural events, and commonly correlated to the Caledonian and Hercynian orogenies. These orogenies took place many thousands of kilometers away from the Arabian Plate and are considered unlikely causes for these unconformities. Instead, the breakaway of the Hun and Cimmeria superterranes are considered as alternative near-field tectonic sources. The older unconformity (middle Paleozoic event), represented by a mid-Silurian to Middle Devonian hiatus in North Arabia (Iraq and Syria), reflects an episode of epeirogenic uplift, which might be related to the mid-Silurian rift of the Hun Superterrane. The younger mid-Carboniferous Arabia-wide angular unconformity involved compressional faulting and epeirogenic uplift, and might be related to the earliest phase of subduction by the Paleo-Tethyan crust beneath Cimmeria (Sanandaj-Sirjan and nearby regions) before it broke off. Based on our review and regional considerations, we assign the Helmand, Farah, Central Iran, Alborz, Sanandaj-Sirjan, Northwest Iran, Lesser Caucasus, Taurides and Pontides to Cimmeria, whereas the Greater Caucasus is considered Hunic.
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Blakey, Ron. "Paleotectonic and paleogeographic history of the Arctic region." Atlantic Geology 57 (January 24, 2021): 007–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2021.002.
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Paleogeographic maps represent the ultimate synthesis of complex and extensive geologic data and express pictorially the hypothetical landscape of some region during a given time-slice of deep geologic time. Such maps, presented as paired paleogeographic and paleotectonic reconstructions, have been developed to portray the geologic history of the greater Arctic region over the past 400 million years. Collectively they depict four major episodes in the development of the Arctic region. The first episode witnessed early and middle Paleozoic terrane assembly and accretion during the Caledonian and Ellesmerian orogenies, which brought together many pieces of the Arctic collage along the northern margin of Laurussia. During the second phase, the assembly of Pangea in the late Paleozoic joined Siberia to Laurussia, an entity that became Laurasia during the subsequent break-up of Pangea. Then, Mesozoic subduction and terrane accretion constructed the Cordilleran margin and opened the Canada Basin. Finally, Cenozoic North Atlantic sea-floor spreading fully opened the Arctic Ocean.
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Wu, Li-Guang, Xian-Hua Li, Weihua Yao, Xiao-Xiao Ling, and Kai Lu. "Insights into Polyphase Phanerozoic Tectonic Events in SE China: Integrated Isotopic Microanalysis of Detrital Zircon and Monazite." Lithosphere 2020, no. 1 (October 5, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/2020/8837978.
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Abstract Widespread Paleozoic and Mesozoic granites are characteristics of SE China, but the geodynamic mechanisms responsible for their emplacement are an issue of ongoing debate. To shed new light on this issue, we present an integrated geochronological and isotopic study of detrital zircon and monazite from Cambrian metasandstones and modern beach sands in the Yangjiang region, SE China. For the Cambrian metasandstone sample, detrital zircon displays a wide age range between 490 and 3000 Ma, while monazite grains record a single age peak of 235 Ma. The results suggest that a significant Triassic (235 Ma) metamorphic event is recorded by monazite but not zircon. For the beach sand sample, detrital zircon ages show six peaks at ca. 440, 240, 155, 135, 115, and 100 Ma, whereas detrital monazite yields a dominant age peak at 237 Ma and a very minor age peak at 435 Ma. Beach sand zircon displays features that are typical of a magmatic origin. Their Hf–O isotopes reveal two crustal reworking events during the early Paleozoic and Triassic, in addition to one juvenile crustal growth event during the Jurassic–Cretaceous. The beach sand monazite records intense Triassic igneous and metamorphic events with significant crustal reworking. Such early Paleozoic and Triassic geochemical signatures of detrital zircon and monazite suggest they were derived from granitoids and metamorphic rocks which formed in intraplate orogenies, i.e., the early Paleozoic Wuyi–Yunkai Orogeny and Triassic Indosinian Orogeny. The Jurassic–Cretaceous signature of detrital zircon may reflect multistage magmatism that was related to subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath SE China.
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Aalto, K. "Clarence King's Geology." Earth Sciences History 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.23.1.rx018782662jv071.
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Clarence King (1842-1901) studied geology at Yale, served as a volunteer on Josiah Dwight Whitney's (1819-1896) Geological Survey of California, and directed the Fortieth Parallel Survey (1867-1872) from the Sierra Nevada across the Rocky Mountains, topo-graphically and geologically mapping some 100,000 square miles. He established a framework for orogenic history of the American Cordillera that has remained unchanged. Within this framework he recognized what we know today as the Sonoma, Sevier, and Laramide orogenies. He noted that folding of Paleozoic strata in the Great Basin recorded east-west crustal shortening, he delineated trends of Laramide folds, he determined that extensional Tertiary faulting that accompanied rhyolitic volcanism resulted in dislocation of old folds, and that ranges were broken into irregular blocks with considerable vertical displacement. King rejected strict Lyellian uniformitarianism and related Darwinian evolution to episodes of enhanced selection pressure engendered by natural catastrophes. His refinement to 24 Ma (million years) of Kelvin's earth age estimate from terrestrial refrigeration reinforced his conception that inadequate time existed to explain the Fortieth-Parallel geologic record by uniformitarianism, and that accelerated geologic processes best accounted for episodes of uplift/subsidence, faulting, volcanism, and landscape degradation. King thus stands out as an early actualist, quite modern in his approach to event stratigraphy.
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Stephens, Michael B. "Chapter 1 Introduction to the lithotectonic framework of Sweden and organization of this Memoir." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 50, no. 1 (2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m50-2019-21.
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AbstractThe solid rock geology of Sweden comprises three principal components: (1) Proterozoic and (locally) Archean rocks belonging to the western part of the Fennoscandian Shield; (2) Phanerozoic and (locally) Neoproterozoic sedimentary cover rocks deposited on top of this ancient crust; and (3) the early to mid-Paleozoic (0.5–0.4 Ga) Caledonide orogen. Earlier compilations have applied different principles for the subdivision of the geology in the Fennoscandian Shield and the Caledonide orogen. A uniform lithotectonic framework has been developed here. Crustal segments affected by orogenesis have been identified and their ages determined by the youngest tectonothermal event. Four ancient mountain belts and six orogenies are preserved. Solid rocks outside the orogens have been assigned to different magmatic complexes or sedimentary successions based on their time of formation and tectonic affiliation. This approach allows relicts of older mountain-building activity to be preserved inside a younger orogen – for example, the effects of the Archean (2.8–2.6 Ga) orogeny inside the 2.0–1.8 Ga Svecokarelian orogen and Paleo–Mesoproterozoic (1.7–1.5 and 1.5–1.4 Ga) mountain-building processes inside the 1.1–0.9 Ga Sveconorwegian orogen. Sweden's five largest mineral districts are addressed in the context of this new lithotectonic framework, which forms the architecture to the contents of the chapters in this Memoir.
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Piqué, Alain, and James W. Skehan. "Late Paleozoic Orogenies in western Africa and eastern North America: The diachronous closure of Theic Ocean." Tectonics 11, no. 2 (April 1992): 392–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91tc01606.
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Zhang, Jianxin, Chris Mattinson, Shengyao Yu, Yunshuai Li, Xingxing Yu, Xiaohong Mao, Zenglong Lu, and Yingbao Peng. "Two contrasting accretion v. collision orogenies: insights from Early Paleozoic polyphase metamorphism in the Altun–Qilian–North Qaidam orogenic system, NW China." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 474, no. 1 (May 18, 2018): 153–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp474.8.
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Galliski, Miguel Ángel, María Florencia Márquez-Zavalía, Encarnación Roda-Robles, and Albrecht von Quadt. "The Li-Bearing Pegmatites from the Pampean Pegmatite Province, Argentina: Metallogenesis and Resources." Minerals 12, no. 7 (June 30, 2022): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12070841.
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The Li-bearing pegmatites of the Pampean Pegmatite Province (PPP) occur in a rare-element pegmatite belt developed mainly in the Lower Paleozoic age on the southwestern margin of Gondwana. The pegmatites show Li, Rb, Nb ≤ Ta, Be, P, B, Bi enrichment, and belong to the Li-Cs-Ta (LCT) petrogenetic family, Rare-Element-Li (REL-Li) subclass; most of them are of complex type and spodumene subtype, some are of albite-spodumene type, and a few of petalite subtype. The origin of the pegmatites is attributed predominantly to fractionation of fertile S-type granitic melts produced by either fluid-absent or fluid-assisted anatexis of a thick pile of Gondwana-derived turbiditic sediments. Most of the pegmatites are orogenic (530–440 Ma) and developed during two overlapped collisional orogenies (Pampean and Famatinian); a few are postorogenic (~370 Ma), related to crustal contaminated A-type granites. The pegmatites were likely intruded in the hinterland, preferably in medium-grade metamorphic rocks with PT conditions ~200–500 MPa and 400–650 °C, where they are concentrated in districts and groups. Known combined resources add up 200,000 t of spodumene, with variable grades between 5 and 8 wt.% Li2O. The potential for future findings and enlargement of the resources is high, since no systematic exploration program has yet been developed.
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Harland, W. Brian. "Chapter 15 Silurian history." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 17, no. 1 (1997): 272–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.mem.1997.017.01.15.
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Treatment in this chapter of the Silurian episode in the history of Svalbard must be different from that of the preceding and succeeding chapters because the stratal record is quite minimal - a fact that corresponds to the widespread Caledonian tectogenesis (Fig. 15.1). Indeed, Svalbard was subjected to mid-Paleozoic orogeny which has often obscured the earlier history. This chapter, therefore, concentrates on the tectonic story even where it overlaps earlier and later history and in turn the preceding and succeeding chapters overlap to some extent with the sedimentary record.Historically the metamorphic rocks were first regarded as Archean. Holtedahl (1914) demonstrated their Caledonian nature first in northwestern Spitsbergen and later regionally (Bailey & Holtedahl 1938). It was, however, then a paradigm of tectonic thinking, perhaps by analogy with Wales, that the Caledonian Orogeny was conceived as deforming an Early Paleozoic geosyn-cline (Cambrian through Silurian). This was evident in early interpretations of Scandinavian, Greenland and North American mapping as well as in Svalbard. It was commonly thought that those geosynclines would begin with an initial Cambrian unconformity. Gradually, however, it became clear that the 'Caledonian' geosynclines were more complex and in each of the areas referred to above the major part of the sedimentary pile was found to be Precambrian, often with no great sedimentational break to herald the Phanerozoic Era.Latterly interest has focused on distinguishing, within the Caledonized Precambrian successions, relicts of earlier pre-Cale-donian mainly Proterozoic orogenies referred to here as proto-basement. In contrast to the 80 million years
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Sureda, Ricardo, Raul Lira, and Fernando Colombo. "Gustavite, PbAgBi3S6-P21/c, with the bismuth and silver minerals at Los Guindos mining group, Pampa de Olaen, Córdoba, Argentina (31°11'S/64°33'W)." Andean Geology 33, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/andgeov33n1-a06.
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Bi-Pb-Ag-Te oxides, sulfides and sulfosalts are relatively uncommon accessory minerals in the scheelite-bearing skarn of the La Falda Metamorphic Complex (Late Precambrian-Cambrian) of the Los Guindos mining group, Pampa de Olaen, Córdoba province, Argentina. Chemical composition measured with SEM-EDS and electron microprobe, physical and textural features with XRD and ore microscopy of bismuthinite, andorite, gustavite, kettnerite, lillianite and tetradymite are described. It is the first report of gustavite, PbAgBi3S6-P21/c, in Argentina. On the broad scale, scheelite was the major ore mineral of the wolfram mining closed today, but with a summit activity in the Second World War years. The metallogenetic evolution of these calcic skarn starts in the Neoproterozoic with a model of W-Sb-Hg strata-bound deposits related to a contemporaneous submarine volcanism in the Pannotian cycle. Later, the formation of the calcic tungsten skarn is associated with monzogranite plutons and retrograde sulfide assemblages (Zn, Bi, Ag, Pb, Sb, Te, Cu, Sn, Cd, Se), in hydrothermal-metasomatic environments of Paleozoic age, related to the Famatinean and Achalean orogenies in the Gondwanian cycle.
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Sanford, Bruce V. "Stratigraphic and Structural Framework of Upper Middle Ordovician Rocks in the Head Lake-Burleigh Falls Area of South-Central Ontario." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 47, no. 3 (November 23, 2007): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032956ar.
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ABSTRACT Field investigations in the Head Lake-Burleigh Falls area of south-central Ontario, that focused mainly on the Covey Hill(?), Shadow Lake, Gull River and Coboconk formations along the Paleozoic escarpment, provided clear evidence of faulting. Observed and inferred structural deformation, coupled with faciès changes within the Shadow Lake and lower Gull River, point to a succession of basement movements during the Phanerozoic. These range from Hadrynian-Early Cambrian, through Middle Ordovician to post-late Middle Ordovician times. Some of the earlier movements (Hadrynian-Early Cambrian to late Middle Ordovician) appear to be coincident with, and probably related to, plate tectonic events and the associated Taconian orogeny that were in progress along the southeastern margins of the North American continent. Post-Middle Ordovician block faulting, on the other hand, may have been triggered by any number of epeirogenic events related to late stage Taconian, Acadian or Alleghanian orogenies in Late Ordovician to Carboniferous times, or possibly to rifting associated with continental break-up and initiation of seafloor spreading processes in the early Mesozoic. Manuscrit révisé accepté le 5 août 1993
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Withjack, Martha, MaryAnn Malinconico, and Michael Durcanin. "The “Passive” Margin of Eastern North America: Rifting and the Influence of Prerift Orogenic Activity on Postrift Development." Lithosphere 2020, no. 1 (August 24, 2020): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/2020/8876280.
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Abstract We have analyzed and synthesized geologic and geophysical data from the onshore Newark rift basin and adjacent onshore and offshore basins to better understand the Mesozoic development of the eastern North American rift system and passive margin. Our work indicates that rifting had three phases: (1) an initial, prolonged phase of extension and subsidence; (2) a short-lived phase with higher rates of extension and subsidence, intrabasin faulting, and intense magmatism; and (3) a final phase with limited subsidence and deposition. Additionally, our work shows that anomalous uplift and erosion, associated with crustal-scale arching/warping subparallel to the prerift and syn-rift crustal fabric not the continent-ocean boundary, affected a region landward of the basement hinge zone. Uplift and erosion began during the final rifting phase and continued into early drifting with erosion locally exceeding 6 km. Subsequent subsidence was minimal. We propose that denudation unloading related to relic, prerift orogenic crustal thickness and elevated topography triggered the anomalous uplift and erosion. After the Paleozoic orogenies, postorogenic denudation unloading (cyclic erosion and isostatic rebound/uplift) significantly thinned the thickened crust and reduced topographic elevation. During rifting, extension stretched and tectonically thinned the crust, promoting widespread subsidence and deposition that dampened the postorogenic cycle of erosion and isostatic rebound/uplift. During the rift-drift transition, with extension focused near the breakup site, denudation unloading resumed landward of the basement hinge zone, producing significant erosion and uplift (related to isostatic rebound), crustal thinning, and topographic decay that left behind only eroded remnants of the once massive rift basins.
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Koehl, Jean-Baptiste P., Craig Magee, and Ingrid M. Anell. "Impact of Timanian thrust systems on the late Neoproterozoic–Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the Barents Sea and Svalbard." Solid Earth 13, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 85–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-13-85-2022.
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Abstract. The Svalbard Archipelago consists of three basement terranes that record a complex Neoproterozoic–Phanerozoic tectonic history, including four contractional events (Grenvillian, Caledonian, Ellesmerian, and Eurekan) and two episodes of collapse- to rift-related extension (Devonian–Carboniferous and late Cenozoic). Previous studies suggest that these three terranes likely accreted during the early to mid-Paleozoic Caledonian and Ellesmerian orogenies. Yet recent geochronological analyses show that the northwestern and southwestern terranes of Svalbard both record an episode of amphibolite (–eclogite) facies metamorphism in the latest Neoproterozoic, which may relate to the 650–550 Ma Timanian Orogeny identified in northwestern Russia, northern Norway, and the Russian Barents Sea. However, discrete Timanian structures have yet to be identified in Svalbard and the Norwegian Barents Sea. Through analysis of seismic reflection, as well as regional gravimetric and magnetic data, this study demonstrates the presence of continuous thrust systems that are several kilometers thick, NNE-dipping, deeply buried, and extend thousands of kilometers from northwestern Russia to northeastern Norway, the northern Norwegian Barents Sea, and the Svalbard Archipelago. The consistency in orientation and geometry, as well as apparent linkage between these thrust systems and those recognized as part of the Timanian Orogeny in northwestern Russia and Novaya Zemlya, suggests that the mapped structures are likely Timanian. If correct, these findings would imply that Svalbard's three basement terranes and the Barents Sea were accreted onto northern Norway during the Timanian Orogeny and should hence be attached to Baltica and northwestern Russia in future Neoproterozoic–early Paleozoic plate tectonics reconstructions. In the Phanerozoic, the study suggests that the interpreted Timanian thrust systems represent major preexisting zones of weakness that were reactivated, folded, and overprinted by (i.e., controlled the formation of new) brittle faults during later tectonic events. These faults are still active at present and can be linked to folding and offset of the seafloor.
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Nair, Kajal, John Singleton, Christopher Holm-Denoma, and Sven Egenhoff. "Detrital Zircon Geochronology of Pennsylvanian-Permian Strata in Colorado: Evidence for Appalachian-Derived Sediment and Implications for the Timing of Ancestral Rocky Mountains Uplift." Mountain Geologist 55, no. 3 (July 2018): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31582/rmag.mg.55.3.119.
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Pennsylvanian-Permian time in north-central Colorado corresponds with uplift of the Ancestral Front Range and deposition of the Fountain, Ingleside, and Lyons Formations along its flanks. In southwestern Colorado, deposition of the Molas and Hermosa Formations along the flanks of the Uncompahgre Highlands largely represents Pennsylvanian time. We present new detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology data for the Ingleside and Lyons Formations in north-central Colorado and the Molas and Hermosa Formations in southwestern Colorado to understand sediment provenance and dispersal patterns. We determined U-Pb ages using LA-ICPMS on 120-150 zircon grains from five sandstone samples collected from shallow marine and eolian facies within the Ingleside, Lyons, Molas, and Hermosa Formations. All sandstone samples display a mixed Laurentian derivation, with age populations that record local and distal sediment sources. All samples also contain between 5% and 10% concordant Paleozoic-age zircon grains ranging from 330–490 Ma, coinciding with high magmatic flux during the Taconic and Acadian orogenies in the Appalachian orogen. Ultimate derivation from the Appalachians are also interpreted for zircon age populations ranging from 500-750 Ma and 1000-1300 Ma that likely originated from Pan-African and Grenville terranes respectively. This study detects the earliest documented appearance of Paleozoic zircons along the northern Ancestral Front Range, corresponding to deposition of the lower Ingleside Formation. We compare our data along the Front Range to previous detrital zircon studies from the underlying Fountain Formation to conclude that the Fountain-Ingleside transition was accompanied by a decrease in locally sourced detrital zircons, most likely marking the cessation of Ancestral Front Range uplift. Conversely, deposition across the Molas-Hermosa contact in southwestern Colorado was accompanied by an increase in locally-sourced detrital zircon grains, most likely marking the initiation of the Uncompahgre uplift.
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Zhan, Yijie, and Peter W. Haines. "A regional strike-slip fault under the Canning Basin." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S514—S518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21169.
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Gravity data in the Canning Basin exhibit a northeast-trending linear feature that offsets a gravity ridge in the vicinity of the Jurgurra–Mowla Terraces with a displacement of about 30 km. The sharp displacement is aligned with similar disruptions on the Lennard Shelf to the northeast and Broome Platform to the southwest. The northeast part of the lineament also shows an anomalous offset on aeromagnetic images. However, the lineament does not correspond to fault displacement within the sedimentary succession of the Canning Basin based on seismic profiles. The geophysical responses to the linear feature vary in different areas, possibly caused by the different thickness of overlying sedimentary rocks across the basin. The lineament is interpreted as a left-lateral strike-slip fault that pre-dates the Canning Basin to account for the lack of seismic responses in the sedimentary section. This northeast-trending fault lies in the basement and might have originated during one of the younger Proterozoic to earliest Paleozoic orogenies pre-dating the Canning Basin. The northeast-oriented fault in the basement was orthogonal to the strike of the basin, thus was less likely to have significant impact on the basin deposition compared to the northwest-oriented faults, such as the Pinnacle and Fenton Fault system. However, these perpendicular features probably created a deeply seated crustal weakness near the intersection where the cluster of lamproite pipes of the Ellendale field intruded during the Miocene.
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Bahlburg, Heinrich, Udo Zimmermann, Ramiro Matos, Jasper Berndt, Nestor Jimenez, and Axel Gerdes. "The missing link of Rodinia breakup in western South America: A petrographical, geochemical, and zircon Pb-Hf isotope study of the volcanosedimentary Chilla beds (Altiplano, Bolivia)." Geosphere 16, no. 2 (January 10, 2020): 619–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02151.1.
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Abstract The assembly of Rodinia involved the collision of eastern Laurentia with southwestern Amazonia at ca. 1 Ga. The tectonostratigraphic record of the central Andes records a gap of ∼300 m.y. between 1000 Ma and 700 Ma, i.e., from the beginning of the Neoproterozoic Era to the youngest part of the Cryogenian Period. This gap encompasses the time of final assembly and breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent in this region. We present new petrographic and whole-rock geochemical data and U-Pb ages combined with Hf isotope data of detrital zircons from the volcanosedimentary Chilla beds exposed on the Altiplano southwest of La Paz, Bolivia. The presence of basalt to andesite lavas and tuffs of continental tholeiitic affinity provides evidence of a rift setting for the volcanics and, by implication, the associated sedimentary rocks. U-Pb ages of detrital zircons (n = 124) from immature, quartz-intermediate sandstones have a limited range between 1737 and 925 Ma. A youngest age cluster (n = 3) defines the maximum depositional age of 925 ± 12 Ma. This is considered to coincide with the age of deposition because Cryogenian and younger ages so typical of Phanerozoic units of this region are absent from the data. The zircon age distribution shows maxima between 1300 and 1200 Ma (37% of all ages), the time of the Rondônia–San Ignacio and early Sunsás (Grenville) orogenies in southwestern Amazonia. A provenance mixing model considering the Chilla beds, Paleozoic Andean units, and data from eastern Laurentia Grenville sources shows that >90% of the clastic input was likely derived from Amazonia. This is also borne out by multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis of the data. We also applied MDS analysis to combinations of U-Pb age and Hf isotope data, namely εHf(t) and 176Hf/177Hf values, and demonstrate again a very close affinity of the Chilla beds detritus to Amazonian sources. We conclude that the Chilla beds represent the first and hitherto only evidence of Rodinia breakup in Tonian time in Andean South America.
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Veevers, J. J. "West Gondwanaland during and after the Pan-African and Brasiliano orogenies: Downslope vectors and detrital-zircon U–Pb and T ages and εHf/Nd pinpoint the provenances of the Ediacaran–Paleozoic molasse." Earth-Science Reviews 171 (August 2017): 105–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.05.010.
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Koroteev, V. A., V. M. Necheukhin, V. A. Dushin, and E. N. Volchek. "Formation features and a geodynamic map of the Ural-Timan-Paleo-Asian segment of Eurasia." LITHOSPHERE (Russia) 20, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 607–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2020-20-5-607-629.
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Research subject. This article is devoted to the formation features of the Ural-Timan-Paleo-Asian segment of Eurasia. Materials and methods. The research was based on the authors’ data and those obtained following a review of available publications on the geology of segmentation. The Timan region was investigated using the geological information obtained by V.G. Olovyanishnikov.Results. A geodynamic map of the Ural-Timan-Paleo-Asian segment with a scale of 1 : 2 500 000 was compiled, which allowed further research into the structure and formation of the north-western part of the Eurasian area. This part was found to be mostly composed of geodynamic associations of orogens, orogenic systems and orogenic belts of the Upper Proterozoic (Riphean) and Paleozoic time intervals, as well as by elements of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic neoplate. These processes were supplemented by the formation of tectonic systems of superimposed depressions and protoplate protrusions. The formation of orogens, orogenic systems and orogenic belts is associated with the development and subsequent transformation of paleooceanic basins under the conditions of accretion and collision. The terranes of the ancient continental crust also participated in the formation of the segment’s geodynamic elements, for which a typification scheme was proposed. The articles present new data on the formation conditions of the segment’s orogenic elements and the relationship of the orogeny with global reconstructions, including the problem of closing the surrounding oceanic space.
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Rivers, Toby, and David Corrigan. "Convergent margin on southeastern Laurentia during the Mesoproterozoic: tectonic implications." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37, no. 2-3 (April 2, 2000): 359–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e99-067.
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A continental-margin magmatic arc is inferred to have existed on the southeastern (present coordinates) margin of Laurentia from Labrador to Texas from ~1500-1230 Ma, with part of the arc subsequently being incorporated into the 1190-990 Ma collisional Grenville Orogen. Outside the Grenville Province, where the arc is known as the Granite-Rhyolite Belt, it is undeformed, whereas within the Grenville Province it is deformed and metamorphosed. The arc comprises two igneous suites, an inboard, principally quartz monzonitic to granodioritic suite, and an outboard tonalitic to granodioritic suite. The quartz monzonite-granodiorite suite was largely derived from continental crust, whereas the tonalitic-granodiorite suite is calc-alkaline and has a juvenile isotopic signature. Available evidence from the Grenville Province suggests that the arc oscillated between extensional and compressional settings several times during the Mesoproterozoic. Back-arc deposits of several ages, that formed during relatively brief periods of extension, include (1) mafic dyke swarms subparallel to the arc; (2) continental sediments, bimodal volcanics and plateau basalts; (3) marine sediments and volcanics formed on stretched continental crust; and (4) ocean crust in a marginal basin. Closure of the back-arc basins occurred during the accretionary Pinwarian (~1495-1445 Ma) and Elzevirian (~1250-1190 Ma) orogenies, as well as during three pulses of crustal shortening associated with the 1190-990 Ma collisional Grenvillian Orogeny. During the Elzevirian Orogeny, closure of the Central Metasedimentary Belt marginal basin in the southeastern Grenville Province was marked by subduction-related magmatism as well as by imbrication of back-arc deposits. The presence of a continental-margin magmatic arc on southeastern Laurentia during the Mesoproterozoic implies that other coeval magmatism inboard from the arc took place in a back-arc setting. Such magmatism was widespread and chemically diverse and included large volume "anorogenic" anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) complexes as well as small volume alkaline, quartz-saturated and -undersaturated "within-plate" granitoids. Recognition of the ~300 million year duration of the Mesoproterozoic convergent margin of southeastern Laurentia suggests that there may be useful parallels with the evolution of the Andes, which has been a convergent margin since the early Paleozoic.
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Moreno, F. A., K. L. Mickus, and Randy Keller. "Crustal structure and location of the Ouachita orogenic belt in northern Mexico." Geofísica Internacional 39, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2000.39.3.328.
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La localización en México del margen sur de Laurencia durante el Paleozoico ha sido centro de intenso debate. Dichalocalización es necesaria para el análisis de la hipótesis actual consistente en que fragmentos de Norte América fueron transportadoshacia Sud América durante la ruptura de Laurencia (Cámbrico Temprano) y de Pangea (Mesozóico Temprano), mientras queenormes movimientos laterales en el norte de México en el Mesozoico ocasionaban el desplazamiento de la faja orogénica Ouachita.Tomando en cuenta afloramientos Paleozoicos, datos de isótopos de plomo y datos de sismicidad y gravimetría regionales, la fajaorogénica Ouachita continúa ya sea en dirección sur hacia Coahuila o en dirección sud-sudoeste a partir de la región texana de BigBend, atravesando Chihuahua y hacia Durango. Con el objeto de evaluar estas dos alternativas, se construyeron modelos de lacorteza terrestre a lo largo de tres perfiles en la parte norte de México y oeste de Texas. El número de datos en capas profundas fueinsuficiente para limitar el modelo, por lo que se resolvió obtener un modelo para cada una de las dos direcciones consideradaspara el seguimiento de la faja orogénica Ouachita. El modelo correspondiente al seguimiento sur sugiere la presencia de dos zonasde valores mínimos de gravimetría, las cuales se encuentran delineando una cuenca de antepaís paleozoica (Mapimí) a lo largo dela frontera entre Chihuahua y Coahuila, y un terreno acretado (terreno Coahuila) en la parte oeste de Coahuila. El modelo sudsudoestesugiere a su vez que las zonas de valores mínimos de gravimetría se encuentran delineando terrenos acretados. Nosotrosnos inclinamos por el seguimiento sud-sudoeste ya que podemos seguir el rastro de valores máximos de gravimetría asociados conla zona interior Ouachita hasta 300 km al interior de la parte este de Chihuahua y sur hacia Durango en una manera consistente conrespecto a datos de isótopos de plomo, muestras de rocas previas al Mesozoico provenientes de pozos y afloramientos en el área,así como litologías y estructuras en la parte oeste de Sonora. Una vez completando el lapso existente entre la faja orogénica deOuachita postulada aquí con litologías en Sonora, las cuales muestran una tendencia de seguimiento hacia el noreste, nos resultauna imagen del posible margen sur de Laurencia durante el Paleozoico Temprano.
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Cheng, Cheng, Shuangying Li, Xiangyang Xie, Yanlin Lu, Arthur B. Busbey, and Guanglu Chai. "Provenance of Carboniferous strata (the Meishan Group) on the northern margin of the Dabie orogenic belt and implications of oblique convergence between the North and South China blocks." Journal of Sedimentary Research 91, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 1010–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.087.
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ABSTRACT The newly defined Carboniferous Meishan Group, along the northern margin of the Dabie orogenic belt, provides unique opportunities to document the poorly understood Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Dabie orogenic belt and the Paleozoic convergence between the North and South China blocks. We apply sandstone petrology, geochemistry, and U-Pb detrital-zircon geochronology to constrain the provenance of the Carboniferous Meishan Group and to document its potential tectonic significance. We conclude that the Meishan Group received most sediment directly from early Paleozoic continental island arc rocks that are currently missing in the Dabie orogenic belt, with minor contributions from middle Neoproterozoic magmatic rocks of the South China Block and recycling of Archean to Proterozoic basement rocks of both the North and South China blocks. Compilation and comparison of detrital zircons and geochemistry data of the Silurian–Devonian and Carboniferous units suggests that all of them share similar source areas, but that individual contributions from each source were different. These results support the hypothesis that the Dabie orogenic belt developed a similar Paleozoic accretionary system, and shares a similar tectonic history, with the Qinling orogenic belt. These provenance patterns can be explained by a model of oblique convergence between the North and South China blocks during the Paleozoic. The South China Block was obliquely subducted beneath the North China Block with its opening to the east, forming an eastward-widening sedimentary basin. As a result, the eastern part of the basin received more sediment from the northern passive margin of the South China Block, while the western part of the basin received more material from the southern active margin of the North China Block.
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Cheng, Cheng, Shuangying Li, Xiangyang Xie, Yanlin Lu, Arthur B. Busbey, and Guanglu Chai. "Provenance of Carboniferous strata (the Meishan Group) on the northern margin of the Dabie orogenic belt and implications of oblique convergence between the North and South China blocks." Journal of Sedimentary Research 91, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 1010–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.087.
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ABSTRACT The newly defined Carboniferous Meishan Group, along the northern margin of the Dabie orogenic belt, provides unique opportunities to document the poorly understood Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Dabie orogenic belt and the Paleozoic convergence between the North and South China blocks. We apply sandstone petrology, geochemistry, and U-Pb detrital-zircon geochronology to constrain the provenance of the Carboniferous Meishan Group and to document its potential tectonic significance. We conclude that the Meishan Group received most sediment directly from early Paleozoic continental island arc rocks that are currently missing in the Dabie orogenic belt, with minor contributions from middle Neoproterozoic magmatic rocks of the South China Block and recycling of Archean to Proterozoic basement rocks of both the North and South China blocks. Compilation and comparison of detrital zircons and geochemistry data of the Silurian–Devonian and Carboniferous units suggests that all of them share similar source areas, but that individual contributions from each source were different. These results support the hypothesis that the Dabie orogenic belt developed a similar Paleozoic accretionary system, and shares a similar tectonic history, with the Qinling orogenic belt. These provenance patterns can be explained by a model of oblique convergence between the North and South China blocks during the Paleozoic. The South China Block was obliquely subducted beneath the North China Block with its opening to the east, forming an eastward-widening sedimentary basin. As a result, the eastern part of the basin received more sediment from the northern passive margin of the South China Block, while the western part of the basin received more material from the southern active margin of the North China Block.
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Song, Dongfang, Wenjiao Xiao, Brian F. Windley, and Chunming Han. "Provenance and tectonic setting of late Paleozoic sedimentary rocks from the Alxa Tectonic Belt (NW China): Implications for accretionary tectonics of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt." GSA Bulletin 133, no. 1-2 (June 9, 2020): 253–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35652.1.
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Abstract The Central Asian Orogenic Belt has long been considered the largest Phanerozoic accretionary orogen in the world; it developed through the subduction and final closure of the Paleo–Asian Ocean. However, the architecture and duration of the accretionary orogenesis of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt are still controversial despite decades of investigation. In this study, we present field, compositional, and stratigraphically controlled detrital zircon geochronological data for late Paleozoic sedimentary rocks from the Alxa Tectonic Belt to constrain their provenance, tectonic setting, and the overall tectonic configuration of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. A Devonian sample yields a unimodal age peak (ca. 424 Ma) and broad late Mesoproterozoic ages. A Carboniferous sample has Early Silurian (ca. 438 Ma) and Late Devonian (ca. 382 Ma) peaks along with Neoproterozoic to Archean ages. The Permian samples are dominated by Ordovician–Devonian and Carboniferous–Permian ages. They yield maximum depositional ages ranging from ca. 291 Ma to 248 Ma and contain abundant zircon ages that are close to their depositional ages. These data reveal Ordovician–Silurian and Carboniferous–Permian magmatic flare-ups separated by a Devonian magmatic lull in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The arc terranes in southern Mongolia, central Beishan, and northern Alxa provided major detritus for the late Paleozoic sediments. An abrupt shift of zircon εHf(t) values at ca. 400 Ma reveals significant late Paleozoic crustal growth and excludes southern Alxa as a source. Oceanic basins prevented detritus from southern Alxa from reaching northern Alxa during Permian–Early Triassic time. A geological and provenance comparison of Permian basins in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt reveals the existence of two separate forearcs ascribed to bipolar subduction of the Paleo–Asian Ocean. Combined with recent paleomagnetic data, this leads us to advocate for an archipelago-style accretionary process induced by subduction retreat for the late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, which continued into Late Permian–Early Triassic.
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Guan, Hui Mei, Hai Yan Cheng, and Yan Li Kang. "Deformation Analysis and Tectonic Implications of South Tianshan Orogenic Belt, SW China." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1404–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1404.
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The Tianshan Orogenic Belt, which is located in the southwestern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), is an important component in the reconstruction of the tectonic evolution of the CAOB. In order to examine the evolution of the Tianshan Orogenic Belt, we performed macroscopic, microscopic structure observations analyses with deformed rocks along orogen-perpendicular transects pass Wuwamen in the South Tianshan orogenic belt of south west China, and we propose that the South Tianshan Orogenic belt enterwent a high temperature deformation in Wuwamen area during the plate interactions in Late Paleozoic.
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Distanova, A. N. "Granitoid magmatism of Early Paleozoic orogens." Russian Geology and Geophysics 54, no. 6 (June 2013): 606–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2013.04.010.
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Robinson, Peter, Robert D. Tucker, Dwight Bradley, Henry N. Berry, and Philip H. Osberg. "Paleozoic orogens in New England, USA." GFF 120, no. 2 (June 1998): 119–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11035899801202119.
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Yang, Wentao, Te Fang, Yanpeng Wang, and Hao Sha. "Late Paleozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Qinling Orogenic Belt: Constraints of Detrital Zircon U-Pb Ages from the Southern Margin of North China Block." Minerals 12, no. 7 (July 7, 2022): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12070864.
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The tectonic evolution of the Qinling Orogenic Belt in the Late Paleozoic has long been controversial, especially due to the limitation of the Mianlue Ocean subduction time. Basin formation and sedimentary development in the southern North China Block are closely related to the tectonic evolution of the Qinling Orogenic Belt, which is an effective entry point to study basin–mountain interaction. We present new detrital zircon U–Pb data from the Shihezi Formation in the Luonan area in the southern margin of the North China Block. The results show that the bottom sample has two major peaks at 288 Ma and 448 Ma, with weak peaks at 908, 1912 Ma and 2420 Ma. The top sample has one major peak at 297 Ma, with weak peaks at 1933 Ma and 2522 Ma. Combined with the published paleocurrent data and lithofacies paleogeography, the sediments of the bottom sample were sourced from the North Qinling Belt, Inner Mongolia Palaeo-Uplift and the basement of the North China Block. The top sample originated mainly from the Inner Mongolia Palaeo-Uplift and the basement of the North China Block. Comparing the obtained zircon U-Pb ages with the published relevant data in the North China Block, it is found that the provenance area shifted from the Qinling Orogenic Belt to the Inner Mongolia Paleo-Uplift in the Late Carboniferous–Permian, and the Qinling Orogenic Belt could hardly provide provenance for the southern North China Block in the Middle Permian. The uplift of the Qinling Orogenic Belt in the Late Carboniferous may be the continuation of Caledonian orogeny in the Early Paleozoic, whereas the uplift of the Inner Mongolia Palaeo-Uplift is related to the tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt during the Late Paleozoic. This tectonic transformation occurred when the Qinling Orogenic Belt no longer supplied sediments to the southern North China Block in the Middle Permian, and the Mianlue Ocean subduction did not occur until at least the Late Permian.
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Jiang, Ziwen, Jinglan Luo, Xinshe Liu, Xinyou Hu, Shangwei Ma, Yundong Hou, Liyong Fan, and Yuhua Hu. "Provenance and Implication of Carboniferous–Permian Detrital Zircons from the Upper Paleozoic, Southern Ordos Basin, China: Evidence from U-Pb Geochronology and Hf Isotopes." Minerals 10, no. 3 (March 15, 2020): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10030265.
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Carboniferous–Permian detrital zircons are recognized in the Upper Paleozoic of the whole Ordos Basin. Previous studies revealed that these Carboniferous–Permian zircons occurred in the Northern Ordos Basin mainly originated from the Yinshan Block. What has not been well documented until now is where this period’s zircons in the Southern Ordos Basin came from, and very little discussion about their provenance. To identify the provenance of the detrital zircons dating from ~350 to 260 Ma, five sandstone samples from the Shan 1 Member of Shanxi Formation and eight sandstone samples from the He 8 Member of Shihezi Formation were analyzed for detrital zircon U-Pb age dating and in situ Lu-Hf isotopic compositions. The results indicate that the two age clusters of 520–378 Ma and ~350–260 Ma in the Southern Ordos Basin most likely derived from the North Qinling Orogenic Belt–North Qilian Orogenic Belt and the North Qinling Orogenic Belt, respectively. Furthermore, we propose that the zircons aging ~320–260 Ma are representative of the important tectonothermal events occurred in the North Qinling Orogenic Belt during the Late Paleozoic.
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Shi, Yu, Xi Jun Liu, and Zuo Hai Feng. "Formation Age of the Qinling Complex and the early Paleozoic Tectonic Event." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.60.
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The Qinling orogenic belt (QOB) located between the North China Craton (NCC) and the South China Craton (SCC) is composed of the Northern Qinling Belt (NQB) and the Southern Qinling Belt (SQB). This study presents new geochemical data, zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes from two rocks from the Qinling complex in the NQB. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results suggest that the Qinling complex was formed in early Neoproterozoic and experienced the early Paleozoic metamorphism. HighεHf(t) values of 9.0-12.0 for the early Paleozoic zircons indicated that there is mantle-derived magma intruding into the Qinling complex in the early Paleozoic.
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Gong, Lin, Barry P. Kohn, Zhiyong Zhang, Bing Xiao, Lin Wu, and Huayong Chen. "Exhumation and Preservation of Paleozoic Porphyry Cu Deposits: Insights from the Yandong Deposit, Southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt." Economic Geology 116, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 607–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4812.
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Abstract Paleozoic porphyry copper deposits are generally much less common than their Mesozoic or Cenozoic counterparts, as they can be completely eroded in rapidly uplifting arcs. There are, however, some large Paleozoic porphyry copper deposits preserved worldwide, especially in the Central Asian orogenic belt, although the processes by which these ancient porphyry deposits were preserved are poorly constrained. The Carboniferous Yandong porphyry copper deposit was selected as a case study to resolve this issue using a combination of thermal history models derived from low-temperature thermochronology data and regional geologic records. Our results show that Yandong preserves a record of at least two episodes of cooling separated by a phase of mild Middle Jurassic reheating. These two cooling events included one major event, linked to the Qiangtang collision or northward motion of Tarim plate during the late Permian to Triassic, and one minor event, possibly related to the Lhasa collision or closure of Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, respectively. Tectonic quiescence and limited exhumation prevailed from the Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic in the Yandong area. Combining our results with regional geologic records, we propose that extensional tectonic subsidence, postmineralization burial, dry paleoclimatic conditions, and Cenozoic tectonic quiescence were key factors for the preservation of Yandong. This study demonstrates that anomalously old apatite fission track ages, integrated with age-elevation relationships, can have implications for mineral exploration strategies in the Chinese Tianshan orogens.
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Scisciani, Vittorio, Stefano Patruno, Enrico Tavarnelli, Fernando Calamita, Paolo Pace, and David Iacopini. "Multi-phase reactivations and inversions of Paleozoic–Mesozoic extensional basins during the Wilson cycle: case studies from the North Sea (UK) and the Northern Apennines (Italy)." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 470, no. 1 (2019): 205–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp470-2017-232.
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AbstractThe Caledonian and Variscan orogens in northern Europe and the Alpine-age Apennine range in Italy are classic examples of thrust belts that were developed at the expense of formerly rifted, passive continental margins that subsequently experienced various degrees of post-orogenic collapse and extension. The outer zones of orogenic belts, and their adjoining foreland domains and regions, where the effects of superposed deformations are mild to very mild make it possible to recognize and separate structures produced at different times and to correctly establish their chronology and relationships. In this paper we integrate subsurface data (2D and 3D seismic reflection and well logs), mainly from the North Sea, and structural field evidence, mainly from the Apennines, with the aim of reconstructing and refining the structural evolution of these two provinces which, in spite of their different ages and present-day structural framework, share repeated pulses of alternating extension and compression. The main outcome of this investigation is that in both scenarios, during repeated episodes of inversion that are a characteristic feature of the Wilson cycle, inherited basement structures were effective in controlling stress localization along faults affecting younger sedimentary cover rocks.
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Li, Zhen, Hao Wang, Qian Zhang, Meng-Yan Shi, Jun-Sheng Lu, Jia-Hui Liu, and Chun-Ming Wu. "Ultra-High Pressure Metamorphism and Geochronology of Garnet Clinopyroxenite in the Paleozoic Dunhuang Orogenic Belt, Northwestern China." Minerals 11, no. 2 (January 24, 2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11020117.
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Ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphism is recorded by garnet clinopyroxenite enclaves enclosed in an undeformed, unmetamorphosed granitic pluton, northeastern Paleozoic Dunhuang orogenic belt, northwestern China. The protoliths of the garnet clinopyroxenite might be basic or ultrabasic volcanic rocks. Three to four stages of metamorphic mineral assemblages have been found in the garnet clinopyroxenite, and clockwise metamorphic pressure–temperature (P-T) paths were retrieved, indicative of metamorphism in a subduction environment. Peak metamorphic P-T conditions (790–920 °C/28–41 kbar) of garnet clinopyroxenite suggest they experienced UHP metamorphism in the coesite- or diamond-stability field. The UHP metamorphic event is also confirmed by the occurrence of high-Al titanite enclosed in the garnet, along with at least three groups of aligned rutile lamellae exsolved from the garnet. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) U-Pb dating of metamorphic titanite indicates that the post-peak, subsequent tectonic exhumation of the UHP rocks occurred in the Devonian period (~389–370 Ma). These data suggest that part of the Paleozoic Dunhuang orogenic belt experienced UHP metamorphism, and diverse metamorphic facies series prevailed in this Paleozoic orogen. It can be further inferred that most of the UHP rocks in this orogen remain buried.
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Keppie, J. Duncan, and R. D. Dallmeyer. "Terranes in the Circum-Atlantic Paleozoic Orogens." Geology 14, no. 4 (1986): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<360b:titcpo>2.0.co;2.
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Ford, Mary. "Terranes in the Circum-Atlantic Paleozoic Orogens." Journal of Structural Geology 12, no. 4 (January 1990): 517–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(90)90040-6.
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Zhimulev, F. I., E. V. Vetrov, I. S. Novikov, G. Van Ranst, S. Nachtergaele, S. A. Dokashenko, and J. De Grave. "Mesozoic Intracontinental Orogeny in the Tectonic History of the Kolyvan’– Tomsk Folded Zone (Southern Siberia): a Synthesis of Geological Data and results of Apatite Fission Track Analysis." Russian Geology and Geophysics 62, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 1006–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/rgg20204172.
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Abstract —The Kolyvan’–Tomsk folded zone (KTFZ) is a late Permian collisional orogen in the northwestern section of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The Mesozoic history of the KTFZ area includes Late Triassic–Early Jurassic and Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous orogenic events. The earlier event produced narrow deep half-ramp basins filled with Early–Middle Jurassic molasse south of the KTFZ, and the later activity rejuvenated the Tomsk thrust fault, whereby the KTFZ Paleozoic rocks were thrust over the Early–Middle Jurassic basin sediments. The Mesozoic orogenic events induced erosion and the ensuing exposure of granitoids (Barlak complex) that were emplaced in a within-plate context after the Permian collisional orogeny. Both events were most likely associated with ocean closure, i.e., the Paleothetys Ocean in the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic and the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous. The apatite fission track (AFT) ages of granitoids from the Ob’ complex in the KTFZ range between ~120 and 100 Ma (the Aptian and the Albian). The rocks with Early Cretaceous AFT ages were exhumed as a result of denudation and peneplanation of the Early Cretaceous orogeny, which produced a vast Late Cretaceous–Paleogene planation surface. The tectonic pattern of the two orogenic events, although being different in details, generally inherited the late Paleozoic primary collisional structure of the Kolyvan’–Tomsk zone.
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Shang, Zhi, and Yongqing Chen. "Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of Early Paleozoic Magmatism in Awen Gold District, South Section of the Truong Son Orogenic Belt, Laos." Minerals 12, no. 8 (July 22, 2022): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12080923.
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The Truong Son orogenic belt (TSOB) is one of the most important orogenic belts in the Indochina block. There are numerous mafic to felsic intrusions in the Early Paleozoic caused by the Tethyan orogeny. However, the tectono-magmatic evolution of the TSOB in the Early Paleozoic is still unclear. In this paper, zircon U-Pb dating, whole-rock geochemistry, and the Sr-Nd isotopic data of the Early Paleozoic magmatic rocks have been systematically investigated to explore the petrogenesis and tectonic significance of these rocks in the TSOB. Based on our new results integrated with previous geological data, four major tectono-magmatic episodes are identified. (1) The Middle Cambrian (~507 Ma) is the early stage of northward subduction of the Tamky-Phuoc Son Ocean. (2) The Early Ordovician to Middle Ordovician (483–461 Ma) is the main subduction stage of the Tamky-Phuoc Son Ocean. The intrusive rock associations imply the closure of the Tamky-Phuoc Son Ocean. (3) The Late Ordovician to Early Silurian (461–438 Ma) is the collision stage of the Kontum massif and Truong Son terrane. (4) The Early Silurian to Late Silurian (438–410 Ma) is the late stage of collision accompanied by slab roll-back.
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Reuber, Kyle, and Paul Mann. "Control of Precambrian-to-Paleozoic orogenic trends on along-strike variations in Early Cretaceous continental rifts of the South Atlantic Ocean." Interpretation 7, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): SH45—SH69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2018-0257.1.
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The Early Cretaceous (135–130 Ma) continental rupture of Western Gondwana to form the South American and African plates closely paralleled the elongate trends of Precambrian and Paleozoic orogenic belts. These orogenic belts were produced as a result of the Neoproterozoic convergent and strike-slip assembly of Gondwana that redeformed during later, Paleozoic orogenic events. Continued continental rifting led to the formation of conjugate, South Atlantic volcanic passive margins whose widths vary from 55 to 180 km. Along-strike variations in crustal stretching, as measured from deep-penetration seismic reflection profiles, correlate with parallel and oblique orientations of rifts relative to the trend of the orogenic, basement fabric. Where orogenic fabric trends parallel to the north–south South Atlantic rift direction such as in the Dom Feliciano orogenic belt of Uruguay and Brazil and the Kaoko Uruguay/Brazil and Kaoko orogenic belt of Namibia, we observe narrow (55–90 km) rift zones with modest continental beta factors of 2.5–3.5 because smaller amounts of rifting were needed to stretch the weaker and parallel, orogenic, basement fabric. Where the basement fabric trends near-orthogonally to the north–south South Atlantic rift direction such as in the Salado suture of Southern Uruguay and the Damara Belt of Namibia, we observe wider (185–220 km) rift zones with higher beta factors of 4.3–5 because greater amounts of stretching were needed to rupture the orthogonal, orogenic, basement fabric. The rift-oblique Gariep Belt intersects the South Atlantic continental rupture at an intermediate angle (30°) and exhibits a predicted intermediate beta factor of 4.0. A compilation of published beta factors from 36 other rifted margins worldwide supports the same basement-trend-degree of stretching relationship that we have developed — with rift-parallel margins having lower beta factors in a range of 1.3–3.5 and rift-orthogonal or oblique margins having higher beta factors in a range of 4–8.
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Guan, Hui Mei, Zong Xiu Wang, and Wei Feng Xiao. "Paleozoic Orogenic Activity of the Kanggurtag-Yamansu Ductile Shear Zone in the East Tianshan Orogenic Belt, SW China." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1413.
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Kanggurtag-Yamansu ductile shear zone is the largest ductile shear zone in the East Tianshan orogenic belt. Deformation characteristics and structural associations of the shear zone suggest that the shear zone was formed by Nearly N-S compression duing late Carboniferous-early Permian. Which confirmed that the Eastern Tianshan mountains along the southern edge of the Turpan Basin were the results of plate interactions in Late Paleozoic.
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Anderson, Arlene V., and Kristian E. Meisling. "Ulungarat Basin: Record of a major Middle Devonian to Mississippian syn-rift to post-rift tectonic transition, eastern Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska." Geosphere 17, no. 6 (October 12, 2021): 1972–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02272.1.
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Abstract The Ulungarat Basin of Arctic Alaska is a unique exposed stratigraphic record of the mid-Paleozoic transition from the Romanzof orogeny to post-orogenic rifting and Ellesmerian passive margin subsidence. The Ulungarat Basin succession is composed of both syn-rift and post-rift deposits recording this mid-Paleozoic transition. The syn-rift deposits unconformably overlie highly deformed Romanzof orogenic basement on the mid-Paleozoic regional angular unconformity and are unconformably overlain by post-rift Endicott Group deposits of the Ellesmerian passive margin. Shallow marine strata of Eifelian age at the base of the Ulungarat Formation record onset of rifting and limit age of the Romanzof orogeny to late Early Devonian. Abrupt thickness and facies changes within the Ulungarat Formation and disconformably overlying syn-rift Mangaqtaaq Formation suggest active normal faulting during deposition. The Mangaqtaaq Formation records lacustrine deposition in a restricted down-faulted structural low. The unconformity between syn-rift deposits and overlying post-rift Endicott Group is interpreted to be the result of sediment bypass during deposition of the outboard allochthonous Endicott Group. Within Ulungarat Basin, transgressive post-rift Lower Mississippian Kekiktuk Conglomerate and Kayak Shale (Endicott Group) are older and thicker than equivalents to the north. North of Ulungarat Basin, deformed pre-Middle Devonian rocks were exposed to erosion at the mid-Paleozoic regional unconformity for ∼50 m.y., supplying sediments to the rift basin and broader Arctic Alaska rifted margin beyond. Although Middle Devonian to Lower Mississippian chert- and quartz-pebble conglomerates and sandstones across Arctic Alaska share a common provenance from the eroding ancestral Romanzof highlands, they were deposited in different tectonic settings.
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Sun, Fengyu, Gaoshe Cao, and Qikai Zhou. "Provenance and tectonic implications of the Yanshi bauxite area in Western Henan, China." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 03058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126103058.
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The bauxite layer in Western Henan supplies a large number of bauxite ores and is useful for studying tectonic movement. In this paper, the bauxite samples were selected to carry out LA-ICP-MS detrital zircons U-Pb dating and Hf isotope testing. The results indicated that the detrital zircons with the Early Paleozoic ages were mainly derived from the North Qinling Orogenic Belt. The detrital zircons of the Precambrian age may be derived mainly from the basement of the North China Block and the North Qinling Orogenic Belt. The results of this study support the opinion that the North Qinling Orogenic Belt has been uplifted at ~310 Ma, and the surface of the southern craton has an overall north-dipping topography at this time.
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Oriolo, Sebastián, Bernhard Schulz, Silvana Geuna, Pablo D. González, Juan E. Otamendi, Jiří Sláma, Elena Druguet, and Siegfried Siegesmund. "Early Paleozoic accretionary orogens along the Western Gondwana margin." Geoscience Frontiers 12, no. 1 (January 2021): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2020.07.001.
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Fu, Dong, Timothy M. Kusky, Simon A. Wilde, Brian F. Windley, Ali Polat, Bo Huang, and Zhipeng Zhou. "Structural anatomy of the early Paleozoic Laohushan ophiolite and subduction complex: Implications for accretionary tectonics of the Proto-Tethyan North Qilian orogenic belt, northeastern Tibet." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 9-10 (March 10, 2020): 2175–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35442.1.
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Abstract Recognition of accretionary tectonics in ancient orogenic collages is important for reconstructing the long-term subduction, accretion, and erosional history of fossil convergent margins, and for understanding crustal growth and supercontinent assembly. The North Qilian orogenic belt (NQOB), located between the Alxa block and the Central Qilian–Qaidam block in northeastern Tibet, is a typical Phanerozoic accretionary-to-collisional orogenic belt that represents the termination of the northern branch of the Proto-Tethys Ocean. It contains two subparallel ophiolitic belts, arcs, and subduction complexes; the ophiolitic rocks in the northern belt have generally been considered to have formed in a back-arc setting. However, the subduction-accretion-collision history, subduction polarity, and timing of closure of the back-arc ocean remain equivocal. To address these problems, we conducted detailed field, structural, and geochronological investigations of the Laohushan ophiolite–accretionary complex and related sedimentary rocks in the eastern NQOB. The Laohushan Complex is divisible into (1) a northern sedimentary forearc, and a supra-subduction zone-type ultramafic-mafic forearc (ca. 450 Ma) composed of serpentinized harzburgite, gabbro, basalt, and plagiogranite; and (2) a southern accretionary complex, which consists of relatively coherent basalt-chert-mudstone ocean plate stratigraphy that is structurally repeated many times, trench-fill turbidites, mélanges, and widespread thrust imbricates and duplexes, block-in-matrix and asymmetric structures. Kinematic analysis indicates that the accretionary complex underwent southward thrusting and shearing; coupled with the spatial architecture of the different tectonic units, which suggests northward subduction beneath the northern forearc on the southern margin of the Alxa block. Detrital zircon ages of forearc clastic sandstones, pelagic mudstones, trench-fill turbidites, and the matrix of mélanges, together with the zircon ages of igneous ophiolitic rocks and post-accretionary intrusions, indicate that the terminal accretion and tectonic stacking of the Laohushan subduction complex was between ca. 447 and 430 Ma. We propose a geodynamic model involving back-arc basin opening (ca. 517–449 Ma), intra-oceanic subduction-accretion (ca. 449–430 Ma), and final obduction of the northern forearc to account for the evolutionary processes of the North Qilian back-arc basin. The anatomy of the forearc ophiolite and structurally lower accretionary complex indicates the complicated origins and mechanism of emplacement of the ophiolitic rocks. Field-based reconstruction of accretionary complexes and upper plate ophiolites, together with provenance analysis of related sedimentary sequences, provide crucial constraints on the prolonged evolution of paleo-ocean basins and accretionary-to-collisional orogens.
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Neves, Benjamim Bley de Brito. "Orogenias: das margens continentais ao interior remoto das placas, uma revisão no tema." Terrae Didatica 12, no. 1 (May 19, 2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/td.v12i1.8645964.
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Esta síntese do conceito de orogenias abrange desde a Tectônica de Placas dos anos 1970, adendos e modelos "alternativos", que buscam explicar orogenias distantes das zonas de interação de placas. A análise crítica dos modelos originais resultou em adendos que incluem domínios proterozoicos e paleozoicos e observações sobre reologia e história termo-tectônica da litosfera. Os modelos alternativos explicam a orogênese por subdução local de litosfera continental, sem envolver litosfera oceânica. Nos anos 1990, houve notável avanço no estudo das causas da subsidência (tectônica formadora de bacias) e estudos que contestam a rigidez das placas e propõem modelos de enfraquecimento devido à ação termal. Orogenias intracontinentais, entendidas como caso extremo da inversão de bacias, ocorrem em praticamente todos os continentes. Esforços gerados em zonas de interação de placas podem ser transmitidas continente adentro por milhares de quilômetros e gerar tectônica deformadora longe de suturas. Embora esteja ainda em estágio de fluxo, o conceito de orogenias intracontinentais ("telessuturais") vem se consolidando, embora não tenha sido incorporado a livros-texto. O histórico e o reexame do tema possibilitam classificar os orógenos segundo três variáveis principais: posição em relação às zonas de sutura, organização geométrico-geológica (em planta) e nível de exumação.
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Wang, Tao, XiaoXia Wang, Wei Tian, ChengLi Zhang, WuPing Li, and Shan Li. "North Qinling Paleozoic granite associations and their variation in space and time: Implications for orogenic processes in the orogens of central China." Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences 52, no. 9 (September 2009): 1359–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-009-0129-5.
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Miao, Laicheng, Mingshuai Zhu, Chenghao Liu, Munkhtsengel Baatar, Chimidtseren Anaad, Shunhu Yang, and Xingbo Li. "Detrital-Zircon Age Spectra of Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic Sedimentary Rocks from the Ereendavaa Terrane in NE Mongolia: Implications for the Early-Stage Evolution of the Ereendavaa Terrane and the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean." Minerals 10, no. 9 (August 22, 2020): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10090742.
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The Mongol-Okhotsk orogenic belt (MOB) is considered to be the youngest division of the huge Central Asian Orogenic Belt, but its origin and evolution are still enigmatic. To better understand the history of the MOB, we conducted U-Pb geochronological analyses of detrital-zircon grains from Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic sedimentary sequences as well as a volcanic suite in the Ereendavaa terrane, the southern framing unit of the MOB, in NE Mongolia. Our results show that the protoliths of the quartzite assemblage of the Ereendavaa terrane basement (or proto-Ereendavaa terrane) was deposited after ca. 1.15 Ga on a passive continental margin. The detrital-zircon age spectra of the Silurian and Devonian sedimentary sequences of the terrane demonstrate that the source areas were dominated by proximal Cambrian-Ordovician arc rocks, likely resulting from the northward subduction of the Kherlen Ocean lithosphere beneath the Ereendavaa terrane. Based on a combination of our new data with those published, we show that the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean split from an early Paleozoic domain during, or after, the early Silurian by a mantle plume, and developed an Andean-type margin along its northern rim possibly at Middle Devonian times, and a bidirection subduction system in mid-Carboniferous at approximately 325 Ma. This bipolar subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean might have lasted until the Triassic.
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Vezzoni, Simone, Diego Pieruccioni, Yuri Galanti, Cristian Biagioni, and Andrea Dini. "Permian Hydrothermal Alteration Preserved in Polymetamorphic Basement and Constraints for Ore-genesis (Alpi Apuane, Italy)." Geosciences 10, no. 10 (October 5, 2020): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10100399.
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The reconstruction of the polymetamorphic history of basement rocks in orogens is crucial for deciphering past geodynamic evolution. However, the current petrographic features are usually interpreted as the results of the metamorphic recrystallization of primary sedimentary and/or magmatic features. In contrast, metamorphic rocks derived by protoliths affected by pre-metamorphic hydrothermal alterations are rarely recognized. This work reports textural, mineralogical and geochemical data of metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks from the Paleozoic succession of the Sant’Anna tectonic window (Alpi Apuane, Tuscany, Italy). These rocks were recrystallized and reworked during the Alpine tectono-metamorphic event, but the bulk composition and some refractory minerals (e.g., tourmaline) are largely preserved. Our data show that the Paleozoic rocks from the Alpi Apuane were locally altered by hydrothermal fluids prior to Alpine metamorphism, and that the Permian magmatic cycle was likely responsible for this hydrothermal alteration. Finally, the Ishikawa Alteration Index, initially developed for magmatic rocks, was applied to metasedimentary rocks, providing a useful geochemical tool for unravelling the hydrothermal history of Paleozoic rocks, as well as a potential guide to the localization of hidden ore deposits in metamorphic terranes.
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Gee, David G. "Chapter 23 Swedish Caledonides: key components of an early–middle Paleozoic Himalaya-type collisional orogen." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 50, no. 1 (2020): 577–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m50-2019-20.
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AbstractCaledonian collision of continents Laurentia and Baltica, with at least 1000 km of lateral shortening, dominates the bedrock along the northern margins of the North Atlantic Ocean. Scandian (Silurian–Devonian) underthrusting of Laurentia by Baltica resulted in stacking of the main orogenic wedge and its migration onto the platform edge of Baltica. Complementary thrust sheets, exposed in northeastern Greenland, telescoped the Laurentian continental margin. The Swedish part of the Caledonides, comprising the foreland segment along the central half of this mountain belt, includes the key components of: (1) the Baltoscandian inner margin, including Ordovician and Silurian foreland basins; (2) the Neoproterozoic extended outer margin dominated by mafic magma and continent–ocean transition zone; (3) Iapetus oceanic terranes; and (4) evidence that substantial parts of the outermmost Baltoscandian margin experienced deep subduction and high- and ultrahigh-pressure (HP/UHP) metamorphism during late Cambrian–Ordovician accretion. This evidence, integrated with the Norwegian Caledonides, defines an orogenic pro-wedge comparable to that in the Himalaya today. Orthogonal Scandian collision, lasting for about 60 million years (c. 440–380 Ma), involved late Silurian–Early Devonian HP/UHP metamorphism of the underthrusting Baltoscandian basement. By the Middle Devonian, the hinterland was experiencing orogen-parallel folding and axial extension, accompanying exhumation, while the orogenic pro-wedge continued to migrate eastwards on to the platform.
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Sawada, Hikaru, Yukio Isozaki, and Shuhei Sakata. "Fragments of the early Paleozoic orogenic belt from Tokyo Metropolis, Japan:." Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 126, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 551–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.2020.0026.
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