Relevant bibliographies by topics / Paleomagnetic dating

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Academic literature on the topic 'Paleomagnetic dating'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Paleomagnetic dating"

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Shitaoka, Yorinao, Takeshi Saito, Junji Yamamoto, Masaya Miyoshi, Hidemi Ishibashi, and Tsutomu Soda. "Eruption age of Kannabe volcano using multi-dating: Implications for age determination of young basaltic lava flow." Geochronometria 46, no. 1 (April 22, 2019): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0108.

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Abstract We estimated the eruption age of Kannabe volcano, located in southwestern Japan. Although the eruption age had been estimated using tephrochronology and K-Ar dating, the precision of its age determination left some room for improvement. The latest eruption age of Kannabe volcano is well constrained by wide spread tephras to ca. 7.2–30 ka. We applied paleomagnetic dating to a basaltic lava and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to a soil layer, which are associated with the Kannabe volcano. The soil layer above the Kannabe scoria was newly dated to be 21 ± 6 ka, as inferred from OSL dating. We also made paleomagnetic investigation to estimate the eruption age of the Kannabe basaltic lava. Paleomagnetic data of 23 rock samples from six locations in the Kannabe basaltic lava showed good mutual agreement. The average of remanent magnetizations yields declination of 0.3° and inclination of 65.9° with 95% confidence limit of 2.7°. This paleomagnetic direction with a relatively steep inclination is thought to be correlated with the paleomagnetic secular variation data of sediments in Lake Biwa at ca. 21.5 ka. Based on that information from multi-dating, we inferred that the Kannabe volcano erupted at ca. 22 ka. This result presents profound scientific implications for the precise age determination of young basaltic lava flow, for which few dating methods exist.
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Kravchinsky, Vadim A., D. Roy Eccles, Rui Zhang, and Matthew Cannon. "Paleomagnetic dating of the northern Alberta kimberlites." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 46, no. 4 (April 2009): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e09-016.

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Due to the vast amount of economic interest diamonds have created in northern Alberta, there is a need to produce an accurate geological model for the northern Alberta kimberlite province. To aid in the development of such a model, the emplacement ages of two kimberlite occurrences, K5 and K6 from the Buffalo Head Hills region of north-central Alberta, and the ultramafic Mountain Lake body from northwestern Alberta were estimated using paleomagnetic methods. Paleomagnetic poles obtained in our study do not differ statistically from the reference poles for late Mesozoic – Cenozoic for North America ( Besse and Courtillot 2002 ). With the aid of polarity determinations, palynology, and radiogenic dating, the paleomagnetic results allow for new constraints on the emplacement age of the selected ultramafic occurrences. The paleomagnetic emplacement ages established for the K5, K6, and Mountain Lake bodies are 90–83 Ma, 83.0–79.1 Ma, and not older than 79.1 Ma, respectively.
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Hnatyshin, Danny, and Vadim A. Kravchinsky. "Paleomagnetic dating: Methods, MATLAB software, example." Tectonophysics 630 (September 2014): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2014.05.013.

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Kristjánsson, L., H. Jóhannesson, J. Eiríksson, and A. I. Gudmundsson. "Brunhes–Matuyama paleomagnetism in three lava sections in Iceland." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-024.

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This paper reviews previous field research on the paleomagnetism of volcanics in Iceland at localities whose age is presumed to span the Brunhes–Matuyama chron boundary. Additional mapping and laboratory measurements are presented from three localities of late Quaternary reverse-to-normal transitions. At two, Tjörnes in north Iceland and Eyjafjöll in south Iceland, the identity of the transition is confirmed by K–Ar dating. At Tjörnes and at Ingólfsfjall in southwest Iceland, short-period variations of the paleomagnetic field are demonstrated to be useful in stratigraphic mapping.
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Blanco, Dunia, Vadim A. Kravchinsky, Konstantin M. Konstantinov, and Konstantin Kabin. "Paleomagnetic dating of Phanerozoic kimberlites in Siberia." Journal of Applied Geophysics 88 (January 2013): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2012.11.002.

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Mothersill, John S. "Paleomagnetic dating of postglacial sediments, Vancouver Island, Canada." Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 56, no. 1-2 (July 1989): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(89)90039-3.

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Buchan, K. L., J. K. Mortensen, and K. D. Card. "Northeast-trending Early Proterozoic dykes of southern Superior Province: multiple episodes of emplacement recognized from integrated paleomagnetism and U–Pb geochronology." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 1286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e93-110.

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Integrated paleomagnetic and U–Pb geochronologic studies have been conducted to establish the paleomagnetic directions and ages of Early Proterozoic tholeiitic dykes of northeast trend in the southern Superior Province, previously referred to collectively as Preissac dykes. It is demonstrated that they are readily separated on the basis of paleomagnetism into subsets, referred to as the Biscotasing and Senneterre swarms. In addition a pair of unnamed dykes may be associated with the north-and northwest-trending Matachewan swarm farther west.Biscotasing dykes have a down-west magnetization of single polarity with a corresponding paleopole at 27.8°N, 136.7°W (dm = 12.3° and dp = 9.4°). Senneterre dykes carry an up-north (or occasionally down-south) direction with corresponding paleopole at 15.3°S, 75.7°W (dm = 7.0°, dp = 4.4°). The Senneterre direction is indistinguishable from the primary N1 remanence direction that dominates the magnetization of Nipissing sills of the Southern Province. Paleomagnetic field tests described herein or in earlier studies indicate that Biscotasing and Senneterre directions are primary and, hence, that two ages of intrusion are involved, with the age of Senneterre dykes coinciding with the intrusion of most Nipissing sills. U–Pb dating of baddeleyite conducted at a paleomagnetic sampling site yields an age of 2214.3 ± 12.4 Ma for the Senneterre swarm, indistinguishable from the age of 2217.2 ± 4 Ma reported from an N1 Nipissing sill site in another study. A U–Pb age on baddeleyite and zircon of 2166.7 ± 1.4 Ma was obtained from a paleomagnetic site in the Biscotasing swarm. The primary paleopoles for the Senneterre, Nipissing, and Biscotasing rocks define a direction of polar wander opposite to that of the most widely used polar wander paths for North America for this period, suggesting that these paths should no longer be used.
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Willmott, Verónica, Eugene W. Domack, Miquel Canals, and Stefanie Brachfeld. "A high resolution relative paleointensity record from the Gerlache-Boyd paleo-ice stream region, northern Antarctic Peninsula." Quaternary Research 66, no. 1 (July 2006): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.01.006.

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AbstractHerein we document and interpret an absolute chronological dating attempt using geomagnetic paleointensity data from a post-glacial sediment drape on the western Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf. Our results demonstrate that absolute dating can be established in Holocene Antarctic shelf sediments that lack suitable material for radiocarbon dating. Two jumbo piston cores of 10-m length were collected in the Western Bransfield Basin. The cores preserve a strong, stable remanent magnetization and meet the magnetic mineral assemblage criteria recommended for reliable paleointensity analyses. The relative paleomagnetic intensity records were tuned to published absolute and relative paleomagnetic stacks, which yielded a record of the last ∼8500 years for the post-glacial drape. Four tephra layers associated with documented eruptions of nearby Deception Island have been dated at 3.31, 3.73, 4.44, and 6.86 ± 0.07 ka using the geomagnetic paleointensity method. This study establishes the dual role of geomagnetic paleointensity and tephrochronology in marine sediments across both sides of the northern Antarctic Peninsula.
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Elmore, R. Douglas, William Dunn, and Craig Peck. "Absolute dating of dedolomitization by means of paleomagnetic techniques." Geology 13, no. 8 (1985): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<558:adodbm>2.0.co;2.

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HOLCOMB, ROBIN, DUANE CHAMPION, and MICHAEL McWILLIAMS. "Dating recent Hawaiian lava flows using paleomagnetic secular variation." Geological Society of America Bulletin 97, no. 7 (1986): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<829:drhlfu>2.0.co;2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Paleomagnetic dating"

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Demory, François. "Paleomagnetic dating of climatic events in Late Quaternary sediments of Lake Baikal (Siberia)." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/181/.

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Der Baikalsee ist ein ideales Klimaarchiv für die Mitte Eurasiens. In dieser Arbeit wurde gesteinsmagnetische und paleomagnetische Analysen an hemipelagischen Sequenzen von vier Lokationen analysiert. Die Kerne erreichen ein Alter von maximal 300 ky. In Kombination mit TEM, XRD, XRF und geochemischen Analysen zeigt die gesteinsmagnetische Studie, dass detritischer Magnetit das magnetische Signal der glazialen Sedimente dominiert. Die magnetischen Signale der interglazialen Sedimente wurden durch diagenetische Prozesse verändert. Mittels HIRM können Hämatit und Goethit quantifiziert werden. Diese Methode eignet sich, den detritischen Eintrag in den Baikalsee abzuschätzen. Relative Paleointensitäten des Erdmagnetfeldes ergaben reproduizerbare Muster, welche in Korrelation mit gutdatierten Referenzproben die Ableitung eines alternativen Altersmodells für die Datierung der Baikalsedimente ermöglichten. Bei Anwendung des paleomagnetischen Altersmodells beobachtet man, dass die Abkühlung im Baikalgebiet und im Oberflächenwasser des Nordatlantiks wie sie aus den δ18 O-Werten planktonischer Foraminiferen abgeleitet werden kann, zeitgleich ist. Wird das aus benthischen δ18 O-Werten abgeleitete Altermdodell auf den Baikalsee angewandt, ergibt sich eine deutliche Zeitverschiebung. Das benthische Altersmodell repräsentiert die globale Veränderung des Eisvolumens, welche später als die Vänderung der Oberflächenwassertemperatur auftritt. Die Kompilation paleomagnetischer Kurven ergab eine neue relative Paleointensitätskurve “Baikal 200”. Mittels Korngrössenanalyse des Detritus konnten drei Faziestypen mit unterschiedlicher Sedimentationsdynamik unterschieden werden: 1) Glaziale Peroiden werden durch hohe Tongehalte infolge von Windeintrag und durch grobe Sandfraktion mittels Transport durch lokale Winde über das Eis charakterisiert. Dieser Faziestyp deutet auf arides Klima. 2) Während der Glazial/Interglazial-Übergänge steigt die Siltfraktion an. Dies deutet auf erhöhte Feuchtigkeit und damit verbunden erhöhte Sedimentdynamik. Windtransport und in den Schnee der Eisdecke eingetragener Staub sind die vorherrschenden Prozesse, welche den Silt in hemipelagischer Position zur Ablagerung bringen. 3) Während des klimatischen Optimum des Eeemian werden Grösse und Quantität des Silts minimal, was auf eine geschlossene Vegetationsdecke im Hinterland deutet.
Lake Baikal provides an excellent climatic archive for Central Eurasia as global climatic variations are continuously depicted in its sediments. We performed continuous rock magnetic and paleomagnetic analyses on hemipelagic sequences retrieved from 4 underwater highs reaching back 300 ka. The rock magnetic study combined with TEM, XRD, XRF and geochemical analyses evidenced that a magnetite of detrital origin dominates the magnetic signal in glacial sediments whereas interglacial sediments are affected by early diagenesis. HIRM roughly quantifies the hematite and goethite contributions and remains the best proxy for estimating the detrital input in Lake Baikal. Relative paleointensity records of the earth′s magnetic field show a reproducible pattern, which allows for correlation with well-dated reference curves and thus provides an alternative age model for Lake Baikal sediments. Using the paleomagnetic age model we observed that cooling in the Lake Baikal region and cooling of the sea surface water in the North Atlantic, as recorded in planktonic foraminifera δ18 O, are coeval. On the other hand, benthic δ18 O curves record mainly the global ice volume change, which occurs later than the sea surface temperature change. This proves that a dating bias results from an age model based on the correlation of Lake Baikal sedimentary records with benthic δ18 O curves. The compilation of paleomagnetic curves provides a new relative paleointensity curve, “Baikal 200”. With a laser-assisted grain size analysis of the detrital input, three facies types, reflecting different sedimentary dynamics can be distinguished. (1) Glacial periods are characterised by a high clay content mostly due to wind activity and by occurrence of a coarse fraction (sand) transported over the ice by local winds. This fraction gives evidence for aridity in the hinterland. (2) At glacial/interglacial transitions, the quantity of silt increases as the moisture increases, reflecting increased sedimentary dynamics. Wind transport and snow trapping are the dominant process bringing silt to a hemipelagic site (3) During the climatic optimum of the Eemian, the silt size and quantity are minimal due to blanketing of the detrital sources by the vegetal cover.
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Demory, François Tribovillard Nicolas Oberhänsli Roland. "Paleomagnetic dating of climatic events in late quaternary sediments of Lake Baikal (Siberia)." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/338.

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Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Dynamique et environnement sédimentaires : Lille 1 : 2004. Reproduction de : Doctoral thesis : Naturwissenschaften : Universität Potsdam : 2004.
Thèse en cotutelle. N° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3513. Résumé en anglais, en allemand et en français. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 91-101.
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Chik, Yu-sum, and 植語心. "Paleomagnetic age-dating of the India Abor Volcanics: significance for Gondwana-related break-up models." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45591192.

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Rhodes, Guy. "Magnetostratigraphy of US Paleogene depositional sequences : implications for dating sea level changes." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294621.

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Gaylor, Jonathan. "40Ar/39Ar Dating of the Late Cretaceous." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017165.

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As part of the wider European GTS Next project, I propose new constraints on the ages of the Late Cretaceous, derived from a multitude of geochronological techniques, and successful stratigraphic interpretations from Canada and Japan. In the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, we propose a new constraint on the age of the K/Pg boundary in the Red Deer River section (Alberta, Canada). We were able to cyclostratigraphically tune sediments in a non-marine, fluvial environment utilising high-resolution proxy records suggesting a 11-12 precession related cyclicity. Assuming the 40Ar/39Ar method is inter-calibrated with the cyclostratigraphy, the apparent age for C29r suggests that the K/Pg boundary falls between eccentricity maxima and minima, yielding an age of the C29r between 65.89 ± 0.08 and 66.30 ± 0.08 Ma. Assuming that the bundle containing the coal horizon represents a precession cycle, the K/Pg boundary is within the analytical uncertainty of the youngest zircon population achieving a revised age for the K/Pg boundary as 65.75 ± 0.06 Ma. The Campanian - Maastrichtian boundary is preserved in the sedimentary succession of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation and has been placed ~8 m below Coal nr. 10. Cyclostratigraphic studies show that the formation of these depositional sequences (alternations) of all scales are influenced directly by sea-level changes due to precession but more dominated by eccentricity cycles proved in the cyclostratigraphic framework and is mainly controlled by sand horizons, which have been related by autocyclicity in a dynamic sedimentary setting. Our work shows that the Campanian - Maastrichtian boundary in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin coincides with ~2.5 eccentricity cycles above the youngest zircon age population at the bottom of the section and ~4.9 Myr before the Cretaceous - Palaeogene boundary (K/Pg), and thus corresponds to an absolute age of 70.65 ± 0.09 Ma producing an ~1.4 Myr younger age than recent published ages. Finally, using advances with terrestrial carbon isotope and planktonic foraminifera records within central Hokkaido, Northwest Pacific, sections from the Cretaceous Yezo group were correlated to that of European and North American counterparts. Datable ash layers throughout the Kotanbetsu and Shumarinai section were analysed using both 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb methods. We successfully dated two ash tuff layers falling either side of the Turonian - Coniacian boundary, yielding an age range for the boundary between 89.31 ± 0.11 Ma and 89.57 ± 0.11 Ma or a boundary age of 89.44 ± 0.24 Ma. Combining these U-Pb ages with recent published ages we are able to reduce the age limit once more and propose an age for the Turonian - Coniacian boundary as 89.62 ± 0.04 Ma.
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Sasco, Romain. "Développement d'un outil chronostratigraphique pour les archives climatiques : datations absolues (K/Ar,⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar) et paléomagnétisme appliqués aux laves." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112009/document.

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Développer une échelle de temps à haute résolution temporelle et commune aux différentes archives climatiques est une étape importante afin de quantifier avec précision les rapides variations climatiques passées et pour les placer dans un cadre chronologique unifié facilitant leurs inter-comparaisons et la quantification d’éventuels déphasages entre évènements, marqueurs ou archives climatiques.Le champ magnétique terrestre (CMT) regroupe l’ensemble des caractéristiques désirées pour développer un tel outil chronostratigraphique (expression dipolaire globale à la surface du globe, enregistrement dans diverses archives, variations en intensité indépendantes des variables climatiques). Bien que porteurs d’enregistrements continus, les sédiments ne donnent accès qu’aux variations relatives d’intensité du CMT. De plus, quand leur échelle de temps ne peut plus être placée sur celle des glaces polaires, elle est généralement obtenue par forçage orbital. Les laves, émises sporadiquement, enregistrent l’intensité absolue du CMT et sont datables par méthodes ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar et K-Ar (indépendantes des variables climatiques). Elles fournissent ainsi des couples âge-paléointensité (A-PI) permettant de calibrer les enregistrements sédimentaires et de les transférer sur des échelles de temps et d’intensité absolues. L’échelle de temps ainsi obtenue est par la suite transférable à diverses archives climatiques. Cette étude se focalise sur les derniers 200 ka. Les laves étudiées proviennent des jeunes volcans d’Ardèche et des phases récentes du volcanisme canarien. Les laves ardéchoises ont délivré des résultats de paléointensité non exploitables et des incertitudes trop importantes sur les âges. Aucun couple A-PI pertinent n’a donc été obtenu. Cependant, nos résultats géochronologiques démontrent l’importance de combiner les 2 méthodes de datation K-Ar et ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar pour tester l’exactitude et la signification géologique des âges obtenus. Pour ces laves, porteuses d’indices de contamination crustale et mantellique, nous suggérons que l’excès d’argon est situé dans des sites de rétention basses températures (<600°C). Les âges ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar obtenus, apparemment non affectés par l’excès d’argon, décomposent l’activité volcanique en 3 phases : 1 au Nord (180±30 ka) et 2 au Sud (31±4 ka et 24±8 ka).Les laves canariennes ont produit 14 nouveaux couples A-PI (dont 9 datés conjointement en K-Ar et ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar). Ces données ont été combinées à celles disponibles et triées de manière à ne garder que celles issues de protocoles d’analyses robustes et suffisamment précises. Les 51 données retenues ont été comparées aux courbes sédimentaires disponibles afin d’obtenir de nouvelles contraintes temporelles sur 0-200 ka. Sur 0-80 ka, les données confirment la bonne calibration de GLOPIS-75 initialement basée le minimum d’intensité de l’excursion du Laschamp et sur l’évolution du CMT entre 20 et 10 ka. En particulier, 3 de nos données réparties entre 45 et 60 ka sont cohérentes avec l’évolution du signal magnétique présentée par GLOPIS-75, complétant ainsi le jeu de contraintes sur cet intervalle. De 80 à 140 ka, les données retenues, bien qu’ayant des incertitudes temporelles parfois importantes, sont cohérentes avec les courbes sédimentaires validant ainsi leur niveau moyen de calibration sur cette période. Ces données confirment également la baisse d’intensité lors de l’épisode ancien du Blake à 120 ka, baisse d’intensité bien documentée par PISO-1500 mais très lissée sur SINT-2000. Avant 140 ka, les données sédimentaires et volcaniques disponibles sont trop incohérentes : aucune calibration n’a donc été entreprise sur cette période. Enfin, 2 données produites suggèrent un évènement géomagnétique bref vers 155 ka. Un tel événement n’est pas observé dans les courbes sédimentaires globales et les modèles disponibles vers 155 ka mais quelques études individuelles mentionnent localement un évènement géomagnétique vers 150 ka (Autriche, Russie et Mer de Chine)
The understanding of climatic mechanisms and rapid climate changes requires a high-resolution, robust, and precise timescale which allows long-distance and multi-archives correlations.An appropriate tool to construct such a timescale is provided by the Earth magnetic field (EMF). The EMF is independent from climatic variations and its past evolution, global at the surface of the Earth, is recorded by most of the geological/climatic archives. Sedimentary sequences provide continuous records of relative intensities of the EMF on timescales usually based on ice core age models or orbital tuning. Lavas, though discontinuously emitted through time, record the absolute intensity of the EMF during their cooling at the surface of the Earth. Lavas are dated using 2 complementary methods: ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and K-Ar, both independent from climatic parameters. Lavas have therefore the potential to deliver tie-points (age-paleointensity couples) enabling the time calibration of sedimentary sequences and their transfer onto absolute intensity scale and chronological time scale. This timescale can then be transferred to other climatic archives. The present study focusses on the last 200 ka with lavas sampled from young volcanoes of Ardèche (South Massif Central, France) and recent phases of volcanism in the Canary Islands.Lava flows from Ardèche provided unexploitable paleointensity results and ages with large uncertainties. Therefore, they failed to provide suitable tie-points. However, our geochronological results evidence how crucial the combination of both the K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar methods is to test the accuracy and geological meaning of the ages. Ardèche lavas have abundant mantellic and crustal xenoliths, potential carriers of excess ⁴⁰Ar*. Our study suggests that the argon excess is located in sites that decrepitate at low temperature (<600°C). Because ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages are not affected by excess ⁴⁰Ar*, they provide reliable results. The new age dataset indicates that the volcanic activity of Ardèche can be divided in 3 phases: the oldest one (180±30 ka) took place in the northern part of the studied area and 2 younger phases are expressed in the South (31±4 ka and 24±8 ka).The study of the Canarian lavas produced 14 tie-points (9 out of 14 dated combining K-Ar and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar results). These data have been added to the available ones for the same time period. The published data have been selected on the basis of robust analytical protocols and accuracy. The 51 data finally selected are compared to available sedimentary stacks. Over the last 80 ka, the volcanic data corroborate the calibration of GLOPIS-75, initially based on volcanic and archeomagnetic data between 10-20 ka and the low intensity observed in the Laschamp excursion. Three newly produced data, dated between 45 and 60 ka, extend the database initially used to older periods and they are also consistent with the initial calibration of GLOPIS-75. Between 80 and 140 ka, though volcanic data have significant uncertainties (in age and/or paleointensity), they are consistent with available sedimentary records and validate their calibration level on the long-term. At a shorter time scale, volcanic data corroborate the intensity low reached during the older phase of the Blake excursion (120 ka) by PISO-1500, whereas this low does not appear in SINT-2000. For ages older than 140 ka, not only the volcanic data are scattered, but also the sedimentary records are different from one another and no conclusions could be drawn. Finally, 2 of our data suggest a brief geomagnetic event around 155 ka. Such an event cannot be seen on available global sedimentary stacks or models, even though some individual studies report a local geomagnetic event around 150 ka (Austria, Russia, and China Sea)
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Demory, François [Verfasser]. "Paleomagnetic dating of climatic events in late quaternary sediments of Lake Baikal (Siberia) / by François Demory." 2004. http://d-nb.info/973638958/34.

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Risica, Gilda, Fabio Speranza, Mauro Rosi, and Alessio Di Roberto. "The contribution of Palaeomagnetism in Volcanology for dating of Holocene eruptions and estimating the emplacement temperature of pyroclastic flows. Applications on Tenerife and El Hierro (Canary Islands) and on Volcán El Fuego (Guatemala)." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1242157.

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In this work, palaeomagnetism has been applied to get fundamental information useful to evaluate volcanic hazard in two different volcanic contexts: 1) to date the Holocene volcanic eruptions at Tenerife and El Hierro Islands (Canary Islands); 2) to estimate the emplacement temperature and investigate the origin of the pyroclastic density flows that occurred on June 2018 at Volcán El Fuego (Guatemala). Recent years, palaeomagnetism has been increasingly used in volcanology because it can provide high-quality data to reconstruct the chronology of the recent volcanism, and to estimate the emplacement temperatures of pyroclastic flows, and therefore to better understand their nature and origin. Although the Holocene volcanism has been very intense in Tenerife and El Hierro islands, most of the eruptions have not been thoroughly studied or dated so far. Therefore, eighteen (nine for each island) poorly dated or undated volcanic eruptions have been studied: Boca Cangrejo, Montaña (Mña) Reventada, Mña Cascajo, Mña Bilma, Mña Botija, Abejera Alta, Pico Cabras and Roques Blancos eruptions in Tenerife island, and Lajal, Mña Chamuscada, Mña del Tesoro, Orchilla, Las Calcosas, Mña Negra, Cuchillo del Roque, Lomo Negro and Below Lomo Negro eruptions in El Hierro island. Palaeomagnetic dating of lava flows in Tenerife allowed reconstructing a detailed chronology of the Holocene volcanic eruptions, showing better accuracy than other isotopic methods. A good agreement between previous and new ages was found specifically for two already dated eruptions (Boca Cangrejo and Mña Reventada), with narrower palaeomagnetic age ranges than the ones obtained by the 14C technique. In another two cases (Abejera Alta and Roques Blancos eruptions) the palaeomagnetic ages are slightly different from the previous 14C, instead. For the undated eruptions, much narrower age ranges were found if compared with the only stratigraphic evidence. Finally, for the Mña Grande eruption, a very high accuracy palaeomagnetic age (789-723 BC) has been obtained, adding it for the first time in the list of the Holocene eruptions. This updated chronological framework confirms the occurrence of alternating period with different eruptive frequencies, which the last 3 ka are characterized by mainly basaltic eruptions along the NE and NW rift zones. On El Hierro island, palaeomagnetic dating, coupled with radiocarbon age determinations, showed different results: for the already dated eruption of Lomo Negro, the comparison between the new 14C and palaeomagnetic ages with the previous 14C dating showed a good agreement, whereas for Mña Chamuscada and Mña del Tesoro, the new ages agree with each other but they disagree with the previous 14C and K/Ar ages from literature. For the undated eruptions (Orchilla, Las Calcosas, Lajal, Below Lomo Negro, Cuchillo del Roque and Mña Negra eruptions), due to the lack of previous age constraints, it was possible to define many palaeomagnetic ages; however, older ages (older than 5000 BC) can be discarded based on geomorphological features and the fresh volcanic landforms. As a whole, palaeomagnetic dating carried out on El Hierro Island indicates the occurrence of several Holocene eruptions in different sectors of the three rifts, most of which occurred probably between 2000 BC and 1600 AD. Palaeomagnetism has been used also to estimate the emplacement temperature of pyroclastic deposits, helping to investigate the fundamental processes responsible for the generation of some type of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). In this work, it has been applied to provide the emplacement temperature and to unravel the origin of the explosive eruption of 3rd June 2018, at El Fuego volcano. The eruption produced convective clouds of volcanic ash and PDCs, which funnelled in the Las Lajas gorge, reached unexpected distances and caused the death of nearly two hundred people. The palaeomagnetic analyses of hand-samples and cores showed a homogeneous emplacement temperature of 220–280 °C; however, a small number of clasts recorded a very high temperature (>500 °C), whereas several clasts indicate T between 200 and 500 °C. Some cores recorded different temperatures between the outer and inner part of the same specimen; in some cases, lower temperatures were documented in the inner core section, and vice versa in other clasts. The study revealed that clasts embedded in the deposit have different thermal history and origin: those with intermediate temperatures (200-500 °C) have been interpreted as related to the still hot pyroclasts accumulated in the upper part of Las Lajas gorge, while few samples with a higher temperature (>500 °C) have been considered as “juvenile” and linked directly to the eruption of 3rd June 2018. These data, coupled by other independent evidences (the temporal gap between the most energetic phase of the eruption and the beginning of the pyroclastic flows; the appearance of a large scar at the head of Las Lajas gorge after the eruption; unburnt vegetation) and field observations of the deposits, allow interpreting the deposit as a “block-and-ash flow”, produced by the gravitational collapse of nstable hot and cool volcanic materials (pyroclasts and lava flows) that were stacked on the upper segment of the Las Lajas gorge during the activity in the past years. The results achieved in this work proved that the application of palaeomagnetism in volcanology can provide crucial information for a correct evaluation of the volcanic risk. Its application as a dating tool allowed obtaining narrower age ranges than other isotopic methods, essential for a detailed reconstruction of the recent volcanic activity of a volcano. It also showed that the use of multiple dating techniques is highly desirable. Its application to the pyroclastic flows provided not only the estimate of the emplacement temperature of the deposits but also essential data to unravel their origin. Therefore, this work shows that a more frequent use of paleomagnetism ddressed to solve volcanological problems is desirable.
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9

Salyards, Stephen Lowell. "Dating and characterizing late holocene earthquakes using paleomagnetics." Thesis, 1989. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/7998/1/Salyards_sl_1989.pdf.

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In this thesis I apply paleomagnetic techniques to paleoseismological problems. I investigate the use of secular-variation magnetostratigraphy to date prehistoric earthquakes; I identify liquefaction remanent magnetization (LRM), and I quantify coseismic deformation within a fault zone by measuring the rotation of paleomagnetic vectors.

In Chapter 2 I construct a secular-variation reference curve for southern California. For this curve I measure three new well-constrained paleomagnetic directions: two from the Pallett Creek paleoseismological site at A.D. 1397-1480 and A.D. 1465-1495, and one from Panum Crater at A.D. 1325-1365. To these three directions I add the best nine data points from the Sternberg secular-variation curve, five data points from Champion, and one point from the A.D. 1480 eruption of Mt. St. Helens. I derive the error due to the non-dipole field that is added to these data by the geographical correction to southern California. Combining these yields a secular variation curve for southern California covering the period A.D. 670 to 1910, with the best coverage in the range A.D. 1064 to 1505.

In Chapter 3 I apply this curve to a problem in southern California. Two paleoseismological sites in the Salton trough of southern California have sediments deposited by prehistoric Lake Cahuilla. At the Salt Creek site I sampled sediments from three different lakes, and at the Indio site I sampled sediments from four different lakes. Based upon the coinciding paleomagnetic directions I correlate the oldest lake sampled at Salt Creek with the oldest lake sampled at Indio. Furthermore, the penultimate lake at Indio does not appear to be present at Salt Creek. Using the secular variation curve I can assign the lakes at Salt Creek to broad age ranges of A.D. 800 to 1100, A.D. 1100 to 1300, and A.D. 1300 to 1500. This example demonstrates the large uncertainties in the secular variation curve and the need to construct curves from a limited geographical area.

Chapter 4 demonstrates that seismically induced liquefaction can cause resetting of detrital remanent magnetization and acquisition of a liquefaction remanent magnetization (LRM). I sampled three different liquefaction features, a sandbody formed in the Elsinore fault zone, diapirs from sediments of Mono Lake, and a sandblow in these same sediments. In every case the liquefaction features showed stable magnetization despite substantial physical disruption. In addition, in the case of the sandblow and the sandbody, the intensity of the natural remanent magnetization increased by up to an order of magnitude.

In Chapter 5 I apply paleomagnetics to measuring the tectonic rotations in a 52 meter long transect across the San Andreas fault zone at the Pallett Creek paleoseismological site. This site has presented a significant problem because the brittle long-term average slip-rate across the fault is significantly less than the slip-rate from other nearby sites. I find sections adjacent to the fault with tectonic rotations of up to 30°. If interpreted as block rotations, the non-brittle offset was 14.0+2.8, -2.1 meters in the last three earthquakes and 8.5+1.0, -0.9 meters in the last two. Combined with the brittle offset in these events, the last three events all had about 6 meters of total fault offset, even though the intervals between them were markedly different.

In Appendix 1 I present a detailed description of my standard sampling and demagnetization procedure.

In Appendix 2 I present a detailed discussion of the study at Panum Crater that yielded the well-constrained paleomagnetic direction for use in developing secular variation curve in Chapter 2. In addition, from sampling two distinctly different clast types in a block-and-ash flow deposit from Panum Crater, I find that this flow had a complex emplacement and cooling history. Angular, glassy "lithic" blocks were emplaced at temperatures above 600° C. Some of these had cooled nearly completely, whereas others had cooled only to 450° C, when settling in the flow rotated the blocks slightly. The partially cooled blocks then finished cooling without further settling. Highly vesicular, breadcrusted pumiceous clasts had not yet cooled to 600° C at the time of these rotations, because they show a stable, well clustered, unidirectional magnetic vector.

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Warnock, Andrew C. "Studies in noble gas thermochronology and dating paleomagnetism /." Diss., 1997. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9732876.

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Books on the topic "Paleomagnetic dating"

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Plescia, Jeffrey B. Paleomagnetic analysis of Miocene basalt flows in the Tehachapi Mountains, California. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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D, Turrin Brent, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. K-Ar ages and paleomagnetic directions from the Lathrop Wells Volcanic Center, southwestern Nevada: An evaluation of polycyclic volcanism. [Menlo Park, CA]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.

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D, Turrin Brent, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. K-Ar ages and paleomagnetic directions from the Lathrop Wells Volcanic Center, southwestern Nevada: An evaluation of polycyclic volcanism. [Menlo Park, CA]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.

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McIntosh, William C. Paleomagnetism and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of ignimbrites, Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, southwestern New Mexico. Socorro: New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources, 1991.

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Paléomagnétisme et ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar: Étude combinée sur des intrusions Précambriennes et Paléozoïques du Trégor (Massif Armoricain). Rennes, France: Centre armoricain d'étude structurale des socles, LP CNRS no 4661, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Paleomagnetic dating"

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Verosub, Kenneth L. "Paleomagnetic Dating." In AGU Reference Shelf, 339–56. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/rf004p0339.

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Torsvik, Trond H., Pavel V. Doubrovine, and Mathew Domeier. "Continental Drift (Paleomagnetism)." In Encyclopedia of Scientific Dating Methods, 177–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6304-3_107.

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Krijgsman, Wout, and Gillian Turner. "Sediments, Terrestrial (Paleomagnetism)." In Encyclopedia of Scientific Dating Methods, 752–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6304-3_110.

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Torsvik, Trond H., Pavel V. Doubrovine, and Mathew Domeier. "Continental Drift (Paleomagnetism)." In Encyclopedia of Scientific Dating Methods, 1–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6326-5_107-1.

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Krijgsman, Wout, and Gillian Turner. "Sediments, Terrestrial (Paleomagnetism)." In Encyclopedia of Scientific Dating Methods, 1–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6326-5_110-1.

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"Paleomagnetic Dating." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology, 1003. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58292-0_160126.

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Sato, Tetsuro, Norihiro Nakamura, Kazuhisa Goto, Masaki Yamada, Yuho Kumagai, Hiroyuki Nagahama, and Koji Minoura. "Paleomagnetic dating of wave-emplaced boulders." In Geological Records of Tsunamis and Other Extreme Waves, 777–93. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815686-5.00036-5.

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"Paleomagnetic Dating of Mississippi Valley-Type Pb-Zn-Ba Deposits." In Carbonate-Hosted Lead-Zinc Deposits, 515–26. Society of Economic Geologists, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/sp.04.38.

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Gose, Wulf A., and J. Richard Kyle. "Paleomagnetic Dating of Sulfide Mineralization and Cap-Rock Formation in Gulf Coast Salt Domes." In Applications of Paleomagnetism to Sedimentary Geology. SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/pec.93.49.0157.

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Elmore, R. Douglas, David London, Don Bagley, and Guoqiu Gao. "Evidence for Paleomagnetic Dating of Diagenesis by Basinal Fluids, Ordovician Carbonates, Arbuckle Mountains, Southern Oklahoma." In Applications of Paleomagnetism to Sedimentary Geology. SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/pec.93.49.0115.

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Conference papers on the topic "Paleomagnetic dating"

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Beyer, C., and M. Dridi. "Magnetic Properties of Oil Sand at El Borma; Paleomagnetic Dating of Oil Emplacement." In 1st EAGE North African/Mediterranean Petroleum & Geosciences Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.8.p058.

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Darata, Rachel C., Tiffany A. Rivera, Peter C. Lippert, Brian R. Jicha, and Mark D. Schmitz. "40AR/39AR SANIDINE DATING AND PALEOMAGNETIC ANALYSIS OF THE BLUE CREEK FLOW (YELLOWSTONE VOLCANIC FIELD)." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-284541.

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Powers, Monica C., David J. Anastasio, Josep M. Pares, Kenneth P. Kodama, and Mathieu Duval. "SEDIMENTATION RATES FROM ROCK-MAGNETIC BASED CYCLOSTRATIGRAPHY, PALEOMAGNETIC RESULTS, AND ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE DATING DISAGREE AT THE BAZA PALEOLAKE, SOUTHERN SPAIN." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-357783.

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Feinberg, Joshua M., Courtney J. Sprain, Joseph S. Stoner, Lisa Tauxe, and Nicholas L. Swanson-Hysell. "SPEED DATING!: ADVICE ON SAMPLING AND APPLICATIONS FOR PALEOMAGNETISM." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-307813.

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McIntosh, William C., John F. Sutter, Charles E. Chapin, Glenn R. Osburn, and James C. Ratte. "A stratigraphic framework for the eastern Mogollon-Datil volcanic field based on paleomagnetism and high-precision 40Ar/39Ar dating of ignimbrites--A progress report." In 37th Annual Fall Field Conference. New Mexico Geological Society, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/ffc-37.183.

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Reports on the topic "Paleomagnetic dating"

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King, J. W., C. L. Gibson, and C. W. Heil. Physical properties and paleomagnetic dating of Lake Winnipeg 99-900 cores. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/214548.

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