Academic literature on the topic 'Paleoclimatology – China'
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Journal articles on the topic "Paleoclimatology – China"
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Brand, Uwe, Ellis L. Yochelson, and R. Michael Eagar. "Geochemistry of late permian non-marine bivalves: Implications for the continental paleohydrology and paleoclimatology of northwestern China." Carbonates and Evaporites 8, no. 2 (September 1993): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03175178.
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Yang, Wenbo, Ronald J. Spencer, H. Roy Krouse, Tim K. Lowenstein, and E. Casas. "Stable isotopes of lake and fluid inclusion brines, Dabusun Lake, Qaidam Basin, western China: Hydrology and paleoclimatology in arid environments." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 117, no. 3-4 (September 1995): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(94)00126-s.
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Chen, Jun, Zhisheng An, and John Head. "Variation of Rb/Sr Ratios in the Loess-Paleosol Sequences of Central China during the Last 130,000 Years and Their Implications for Monsoon Paleoclimatology." Quaternary Research 51, no. 3 (May 1999): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2038.
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AbstractRb, Sr, and magnetic susceptibility have been measured in the last interglacial–glacial loess profiles at Luochuan and Huanxian, central China. A high degree of similarity between the parameters in both profiles suggests that variations of Rb/Sr ratios in the sequence can be regarded as an indicator of East Asian summer monsoon strength. Matching the Rb/Sr record with the SPECMAP δ18O curve suggests that the Rb/Sr ratio responds sensitively to changes of the East Asian monsoon induced by global ice-volume variation.
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Young, Gavin C. "Paleobiogeography of Devonian vertebrates." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200008820.
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Five distinctive vertebrate faunas characterised by endemic taxa can be recognised for the Early Devonian (Euramerica, Siberia, Tuva, China, and East Gondwana). By Late Devonian time these faunal provinces are obscured by widespread taxa which also inhabited nonmarine aquatic environments, but indicate faunal communication between Gondwana, Euramerica and China. This marked change in pattern between the Early and Late Devonian may be attributed to intrinsic (evolutionary) or extrinsic causal factors. Dispersal capabilities of aquatic vertebrates may have increased during the initial gnathostome radiation of the Devonian, but a predominantly extrinsic cause (e.g. global change in geography or climate) is suggested by the similar pattern for marine invertebrate faunas of Early Devonian endemism and Late Devonian cosmopolitanism. Outstanding problems of Devonian vertebrate biogeography include faunal differentiation on the largest landmass of the time (Gondwana), and the nature of barriers and connections between East and West Gondwana, East Gondwana and South and North China, and West Gondwana and Euramerica. A vertebrate equivalent of the cool-water Malvinokaffric invertebrate faunal realm of the Siluro-Devonian is not clearly identified, but vertebrate data from southern Africa and south America are sparse.Wide latitudinal distributions for some Late Devonian vertebrate taxa appear anomalous, and could indicate either reduced global climatic gradients, or erroneous paleogeographic base maps. There are difficulties in formulating a hypothesis of global warming and/or major paleogeographic change in a way which clearly distinguishes basic from interpreted data. Three major subdisciplines (paleomagnetism, paleoclimatology, paleobiogeography) contribute to Paleozoic paleogeographic reconstructions. Their data tend to be organised and represented in different ways, but each relies on the same principle of concordance with a general pattern (Young 1990). Degree of consilience of a hypothesis based on one data set (the extent to which it explains patterns within an unrelated set of data) is a primary criterion for accepting or rejecting the hypothesis. Apparent polar wander path representation facilitates testing of paleomagnetic data against those paleoclimatic or paleobiogeographic data which provide evidence of paleolatitude. However, as well as the simple indication of paleolatitude, biogeographic and some other qualitative data sets provide more complex evidence concerning connections or barriers between regions, for which APWP representation is not appropriate. Cladistic analysis of hierarchically organised data sets (Young, 1986, 1987) provides a means of integrating qualitative paleobiogeographic, paleoclimatic, and paleogeographic data such that inconsistencies in the evidence are emphasised, and the hypothesis is exposed to falsification. These ideas are illustrated using Devonian examples.
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Lin, Hui-Ling, Hon-Kit Lui, Tai-Chun Lin, and You-Lin Wang. "Response of planktonic foraminifera to seasonal and interannual hydrographic changes: Sediment trap record from the northern South China Sea." Frontiers in Earth Science 10 (August 29, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.928115.
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Foraminifera play an important role in the organic and inorganic carbon pumps of the ocean. Understanding their responses in seasonal and interannual time scales to the climate and seawater chemistry changes is important for studying carbon cycles and paleoclimatology. This study examined about 5.1-year continuous mass fluxes in 2013/9-2019/8 and 1.8-year planktonic foraminiferal shell fluxes in 2016/8-2019/8 census from ten and four sets of sediment traps, respectively, moored at the South East Asia Time-series Study (SEATS) site in the northern South China Sea (SCS), the world’s largest marginal sea. A total of four sets of sediment trap mooring with 11 common species were identified, spanning from August 2016 to August 2019 with 8-day and 16-day collecting periods, which provided access to evaluate the impact of the prevailing monsoon system and interannual climatic conditions. Our results show that the winter monsoon enhances the nutrient inventories in the euphotic zone, supporting the productivity and the mass and shell fluxes. In addition to seasonal cycles, the variation of chlorophyll-a concentration in the SCS shows a strong response to wind speed under the influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The reduction in wind speed and the intensification of Kuroshio intrusion during the ENSO warm phases reduces the productivity and mass and shell fluxes, and vice versa in the case of the ENSO cold phases. The imprint of an ENSO cold phase (La Niña event) in 2017 was signified by 2–3-fold higher values than the 3-year average of total mass and foraminiferal shell fluxes. Instead of the common dominance of Trilobatus sacculifer and Globigerinoides ruber among species composition, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei was the predominant species comprising over 40%–60% of total shells greater than 212 μm. Furthermore, the interval with an elevated abundance of N. dutertrei lasted throughout January 2018 (four collecting intervals). Foraminifera shell fluxes were the lowest during warm months (March-August) in 2019, which was coeval with the increase in proportions of Orbulina universa and Globigerinella calida. The unusual species composition might signify a weak ENSO warm phase (A weak El Niño event) between September 2018 and August 2019.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Paleoclimatology – China"
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He, Yuxin, and 何毓新. "Biomarker based holocene climatic reconstruction in Northwestern China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197088.
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Holocene hydrological changes in regions influenced by the mid-latitude westerly and the tropical/subtropical Asian monsoon differ from each other. The arid/semi-arid northeastern Tibetan Plateau, lying in between, is very sensitive to climatic changes. It thus becomes a climatologically important region to disentangle the interactions between the two circulations. Yet, limited high-quality Holocene paleoclimatic reconstructions are available in this region. This thesis presents multi-biomarker proxy records from lakes in the Qaidam Basin on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau to investigate the nature of Holocene climate variability.
Firstly, late-Holocene paired alkenone-based temperature (U_37^K' ) and moisture (%C37:4) records from Lake Gahai and Lake Sugan were reconstructed. Paired temperature and moisture records confirm the warm-dry (e.g. Medieval Warm Period) and cold-wet (e.g. Little Ice Age) periods on the arid northeastern Tibetan Plateau over the late Holocene, opposite to the warm-wet and cold-dry association in Asian monsoonal regions. The records also suggest substantially warmer and drier conditions during the Medieval Warm Period than the current warm period. Further, a possible link between solar forcing and natural climate variability (both temperature and moisture) during the late Holocene is found on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.
This thesis also studied the late-Holocene grain size-based dust storm history from Lake Gahai to encode possible mechanism of dust storm interacting with hydrological parameters. Intensified dust storm events were identified in periods of 500 BC to 250 BC, 50 BC to AD 250 and AD 1100 to present. In multi-centennial to millennial scales, dust storm events might be caused by the intensified wind induced by strong westerlies or/and Asian winter monsoon. In multi-decadal to centennial scales, moisture and vegetation coverage might have impacted on the dust storm intensity and frequency.
Further, Holocene lake level history of Lake Gahai was reconstructed by multiple n-alkane and alkenone proxies. Combined biomarker results provide unambiguous evidence of relatively low lake level at 7-2 ka, probably lowest at ~6 ka. Considering the chronological uncertainty, Holocene lake level changes in this marginal region thus display a different pattern from either of the core regions dominated by the westerlies (anti-phase) and the Asian summer monsoon (out-of-phase). The temperature-induced evaporation in the arid marginal region could significantly affect regional hydrological balance, resulting in the discrepancy with the long-term decreasing trend in precipitation in Asian monsoon-dominated regions.
Lastly, n-fatty acid δD variation from Lake Hurleg over the past 10.5 ka was investigated. The C26 δD and C16 δD values can indicate water δD changes in terrestrial and aquatic sources, respectively. The heavier C26 δD values during cold and wet conditions suggest that terrestrial water δD changes might be caused by factors other than temperature and moisture, such as glacial melted water input and vegetation type change. The difference between C16 δD and C26 δD was used as an indicator of evaporation at the lake surface. At millennial timescale, less evaporation occurred during cold-wet periods in this region.published_or_final_version
Earth Sciences
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
2
Li, Xiaoyun, and 李瀟云. "Late quaternary climate and sedimentary history derived from N-alkanes, alkenones and bulk organic carbon analyses in Fujian coast, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207998.
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Late Quaternary is an important period for paleoclimate study due to the boom of human civilization and thus its influence on climate conditions of the present interglacial period. In this study, a 52 m long borehole was drilled in a coastal embayment of Fujian, China, within which a thick marine layer from 16.05 to 32.60 m is found. Bulk organic geochemical analyses, containing total organic carbon content (TOC), carbon isotope ratio (δ13C), alkenones and n-alkanes, were analyzed for the whole core. Organic carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of the sediment layers vary between -22.1‰ and -32.9‰, with higher values in the two marine sequences and lower in the two aquatic sequences. In the thick marine sequence, the δ13C is relatively stable, and it becomes gradually enriched from the base upwards and depleted rapidly at the top, indicating a full cycle of marine transgression and regression. The n-alkanes exhibit a similar trend, with several indexes, i.e., maximum concentration (Cmax), carbon preference index (CPI), average chain length (ACL), terrestrial-aquatic ratio (TAR), Paq and C31/(C29+C31). These results suggest the control of EAM and sea-level change in the sedimentary processes. Analysis on alkenones shows sea surface temperature (SST) variations as well as sea-level oscillations in the study site.published_or_final_version
Earth Sciences
Master
Master of Philosophy
3
Wu, Mong-sin, and 胡夢茜. "An examination and application of two geochemical proxies for environmental and climate reconstructions in northern South China Sea." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50162809.
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Two biomarkers, n-alkanes and alkenones, have been studied for the distribution of their relative concentrations spatially and temporally in sediments in the Pearl River Estuary. 59 modern sediments have been collected across the Pearl River Estuary and offshore Hong Kong, covering a wide range of environmental and sedimentary conditions. The relative abundances between long-chain (C27 to C33) terrestrial-derived n-alkanes, and short-chain (C18 to C22) n-alkanes which are ascribed to marine algal and bacterial production, have been analyzed as “terrestrial-to-marine n-alkane ratios”. Results show that this ratio follows a general gradient of increasing towards uplands. More detailed interpretation has revealed that this ratio is highly dependent on the proximity of the sampling site to the supply of terrestrial matters, i.e., to river mouths and lands. This finding provides fundamentals on the development of terrestrial-to-marine n-alkane ratio as a potential new proxy for terrestrial sediment flux.
The newly developed potential environmental and climate proxy, the relative abundances of n-alkane compounds, is applied on analysis of a sediment core drilled in coastal marine environment offshore Hong Kong, HKUV11, which can be dated back to c. 11,000 yr BP. Alkenone unsaturation ratios are also analyzed to reconstruct post-Younger Dryas change in sea surface temperature (SST). Records show a rapid warming of the ocean surface at the start of the Holocene epoch from c. 11,000 yr BP to c. 9000 yr BP, during when the SST researched its optimum, followed by a long period of more stabilized temperatures with the presence of some short-term cold events. The terrestrial-to-marine n-alkane ratio matches well not only with the alkenone SST data in this study, but also with the bulk organic carbon geochemical data and grain size analysis of HKUV11. This suggest that the n-alkane ratio is a reliable proxy for terrestrial sediment supply in this coastal and estuarine environment, as supported by both the field studies of its natural distribution across the environmental gradient, and the successful application on an actual sediment core.
The Holocene climate variability of coastal south China recovered by the HKUV11 sediment record has been compared with δ18O records from a Dongge Cave stalagmite, a Greenland ice core and the Northern Hemisphere summer insolation variability. Results show that late-Glacial to Holocene climate in coastal South China generally agrees with the trend in the distal high-latitude North Atlantic, suggesting a strong external driving force of global climate change by the NH summer insolation variability. A detailed comparison between the HKUV11 SST record and Dongge Cave Asian monsoon record reveals that the temperature in coastal south China is sensitively correlated to the strength of Asian monsoon. These results have important implications to how monsoonal winds and temperature are coupled together, and can provide insights to how they may interact under future climate change in this densely-populated region.published_or_final_version
Earth Sciences
Master
Master of Philosophy
4
Sun, Yuanyuan, and 孙嫒嫒. "Cenozoic climatic and environmental changes in the Qaidam Basin." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/210238.
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Large discrepancies remain regarding the timing of Cenozoic paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental transitions in the central Asia. The first order driving force behind these changes has been intensively debated. Global climate change, the uplift of Tibetan Plateau, and the evolution of Paratethys sea have been proposed as three major candidates. To understand the evolutionary history of climate and environment of the region and controlling factors responsible for these paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes, a combined study utilizing multiple proxies, including microfossils, bulk carbonate carbon and oxygen isotopes, long chain alkenones, plant n-alkane-based indices (carbon preference index, average chain length and Paq) and compound-specific carbon and hydrogen isotopes of higher plant n-alkanes, was carried out on a long, continuous and well-dated section in Dahonggou, Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau. A parallel study was also carried out in another relatively shorter section in the Xunhua Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau. Six intervals of paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental transitions over an interval of ~35 Myr can be recognized in the studied sections, including Late Eocene-Early Oligocene gradual drying (prior to ~30 Ma), Middle Oligocene aridification (~30-26 Ma), Late Oligocene-Early Miocene wetting (~26-21 Ma), Early Miocene drying (~21-17 Ma), Middle Miocene climatic optimum (~17-13 Ma), and deteriorated climate since the late Middle Miocene (~13 Ma onwards). The reconstructed onsite C4 plant abundance including occurrence of C4 plants and their thriving and the followed decreasing, a sensitive indicator of available moisture level in the environment, agrees well with these intervals.
Microfossils and long-chain alkenones suggest that a relic sea existed in the Qaidam Basin during the Middle Miocene, thus falsifying any hypothesis of significant variations in elevations of northern Tibetan Plateau prior to the Middle Miocene. The relatively stable elevations since the Eocene and before the Middle Miocene of, respectively, the central-southern part and northern part of the Plateau reveals an insignificant role of Tibetan Plateau uplift in controlling the evolution of central Asian climate and environment during the early Cenozoic. However, the Middle Miocene marine transgression and the rapid plateau-scale uplift since the late Middle Miocene probably contributed to the Middle Miocene climatic optimum and the initiated aridification afterwards in the central Asia. A comparison of proxy records in the northern Tibetan Plateau with the global benthic oxygen isotope record suggests a tight relation between the climatic/environmental transitions in the central Asia and global climatic changes. This lends support to the hypothesis that global climate, by controlling the moisture supply to the continental interior, played the dominant role in the evolution of climate and environment of central Asia during the Cenozoic time.published_or_final_version
Earth Sciences
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
5
Huang, Chin-Chien, and 黃金錢. "A 150,000-years Record of Southern South China Sea Paleoclimatology: IMAGES Core MD972151." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43387602797418140569.
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碩士國立海洋大學
應用地球物理研究所
90
Low latitude oceans play an important role in the interaction of atmosphere and ocean and the heat budget of the world. Western Pacific Warm Pool and East Asia monsoon, the two major climate components, not only impact the hydro-condition of east Asia, but also control the global climate change. The South China Sea (SCS), the largest marginal sea of the western Pacific, is presently under the influences of East Asia monsoon and Western Pacific Warm Pool. Therefore sedimentary records from this area provide opportunities for examining western Pacific climate variability over time scales of long-term changes. In this study I report high-resolution records of planktic foraminiferal assemblages, faunal-derived estimates of SST and thermocline depth, mixed-layer depth, and color reflectance spanning the past 150,000 years from a giant piston core taken from the southern SCS in an IMAGES III cruise in 1997 (MD972151: 843.73''N, 10952.17''E, water depth: 1589m). Based on planktic foraminiferal assemblages data, I found that the core are dominated by five species which constitute over 75% of total planktic foraminifer compositions: G.ruber, N.dutertrei + G.pachyderma(R.), G.sacculifer, P.obliquiloculata, and G.glutinata. Besides this, I also collected published 767 coretops data from the western Pacific Ocean and using Revised Transfer Function (RTF) method to reconstruct the warm/cold season paleo-hydrographics for the past 150,000 years: sea surface temperature, depth of thermocline (criteria of 18劍), and depth of mixing layer (criteria of 0.5劍 and 0.125st). Cross-spectral analysis indicates that sea surface temperature is in phase with the global ice volume in precession frequency bands, and leads the global ice volume in eccentricity frequency bands. The mixed layer depth leads global ice volume in eccentricity frequency bands but lags in precession frequency bands. The records of core MD972151 exhibit not only glacial/interglacial variations but also high frequency, millenarian-scale variations such as the Younger Dryas-like and Heinrich-like events that have been reported from studies on high latitude Atlantic Ocean cores and ice cores of Greenland ice sheet, and some large-amplitude variations which seem to be synchronous with events of coarse grain size found in Chinese loess. Factor analysis of the color reflectance data measured using Minolta 2022 from the sediment surface of the core indicates three factors interpretable of sediment compositional changes. Three factors explain totally 82% variance of the first derivative spectra of the color reflectance data. Factor 1 represents carbonate/non-carbonate. Factor 2 has a major peak near 525nm and a minor peak near 445nm, which may represent goethite content. Factor 3 peaks near 565nm and represents hematite content variability. Using the factors as proxies for precipitation changes I observed that the precipitation increased before the beginning of major deglaciations. It implies a more active role of the tropical oceans in global climate change.
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Yu, Pai-Sen, and 尤柏森. "Late Quaternary Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology of the "Warm Pool" South China Sea (IMAGES Core MD972142)." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57789672262818402056.
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Pan, Hui-Juan, and 潘惠娟. "Application of VIS-NIR Diffuse Reflectance Spectrophotometry on Late Quaternary Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology of South China Sea." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9493s3.
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博士國立臺灣海洋大學
應用地球科學研究所
105
The distribution pattern of clay mineral assemblages is useful indicator to reveal the sources and transport pathways of detrital sediment from adjacent lands. And the trace amount variation of clay mineral concentrations in stratigraphic sequences also provides important evidence for paleoenvironmental change of source areas happened in the past. In this study I used high-quality marine core MD972148, MD012394, MD972142 and MD103264 from the South China Sea (SCS) and applied a novel VIS-NIR diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry method to extract information of changes in biogenic component content, and the trace amount of concentration changes in clay minerals of the sediment cores. Under the dominant influences of East Asian Monsoons, Indian-Pacific Warm Pool and Intertropical Convergence Zone, the areas adjacent to SCS are dynamically linked among the land, sea and atmosphere and are characterized by high sediment contribution flux associated with extreme precipitation changes, and enhanced marine biological productivity and complex patterns of ocean currents. All of these provide a unique opportunity to better understand the climatic responses around the marginal sea from orbital to millennial time-scales. This study was designed to achieve the objectives through: (1) developing empirical equations for estimating CaCO3, TOC and opal content variations in the SCS; (2) quantifying clay mineral compositions by comparing to the standards in the laboratory at Kent State University and the USGS spectra library, and to reconstruct trace concentration changes in clay mineral assemblages of kaolinite, illite+goethite, and hematite in the offshore of southwestern Taiwan over the past 230kyr; (3) utilizing the spectral properties of the VIS-NIR diffuse reflectance of standard clay minerals from the USGS library as diagnoses of three clay mineral assemblages that are dominant in the source regions of South China, Taiwan and Luzon to the SCS and seas adjacent to Taiwan. The spectral properties indicate that the first derivative peaks at 2200-2220 nm, 2250-2270 nm and 420-440 nm correspond to the trace concentrations of kaolinite, illite, and smectite, and therefore ensure a successful reconstruction of clay mineral content changes of the past 50kyr by the use of core MD103264 from the southwestern offshore Taiwan. Furthermore, this study presents wavelet analyses of MD013264 clay mineral concentration variations and comparisons with terrestrial East Asian Monsoon records from Chinese loess (Gulung), stalagmite record (Sanbao) and Greenland ice core record of Northern Hemisphere high latitudes. Our results reveal patterns of the spatiotemporal changes in sediment sources around the SCS that reflect the dynamic systems of the East Asian Monsoons, regional precipitation, Kuroshio intrusions in response to winter monsoons, and the teleconnections between low and high latitude climate from orbital and millennial time scales during Late Quaternary.
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Shiau, Liang-Jian, and 蕭良堅. "A Study on a Late Quaternary Record of Biogenic Sedimentation and Paleoclimatology from the Southeastern South China Sea (IMAGES core MD972142)." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52547407155375509117.
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碩士國立海洋大學
應用地球物理研究所
90
High resolution records of biogenic sediments from an IMAGES core MD972142 (12°41.133''N, 119°27.90''E, water depth 1,557m) provide information of paleoceanographic variations in the Southeastern South China Sea (SCS). We have generated 870-kyr long records of carbonate, organic carbon, and biogenic opal contents from this core. Constrained by planktic foraminifer (G. ruber) oxygen isotope stratigraphies, the records show in general high carbonate, high biogenic opal and low organic carbon concentrations in interglacial stages, and low carbonate and high organic carbon in glacial stages. This pattern indicates that the carbonate content maybe controlled by terrigenous inputs which are associated with sea level fluctuations in the past glacial-interglacial stages. The organic carbon record contains several high content peaks which are associated with lower SSTs estimated by using U37k’-SST (especially in 340-360 kya and in 430-440 kya), implying possibly a winter monsoon-driven productivity changes. I also found that organic carbon events in these intervals can be correlated to monsoon records from Arabian Sea areas. The biogenic opal data also show the same general long-term increased trend since 330 kya as organic carbon content. In addition, I used cross-spectral analyses to study the biogenic records and found that the carbonate record shows clearly Milankovitch orbital periods in 100-kyr 41-kyr, and 23-kyr, but the organic carbon record shows complex spectra mixed with orbital-related and non-orbital periods, and in-phase with ice volume maximum, which also indicate that winter monsoon related to ice volume changes. The biogenic opal record shows peaks in 41-kyr and 23-kyr, and the phase in 23-kyr band is the same with southern hemisphere and East Equatorial Pacific records, which may be reflect summer monsoon changes and climatic singles from southern hemisphere. The U37k’-SST shows clear orbital periods and in-phase with ice volume minium. After 400 kya the organic carbon and opal data show more dominance non-orbital periods. The presence of the non-orbital periods is attributed to non-linear climate response, which has been extensively-reported from many low-lattitude records. Every biogenic proxy shows different pattens after Mid-Brunhes event (~400 kya), which indicate ~400 kya is a climate change transition. The long-term increased trend of organic carbon and opal may be attributed to increase intensity of East Asian Monsoon by tectonics.
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Wang, Lin. "A GIS-Based spatial assessment of settlement change in Holocene Northern China." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149959.
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With modem society paying increasing attention to environmental issues to address sustainability, archaeological data offer a promising source to support the study of ancient culture-landscape relationships from a comparative perspective. China, as a country with an extensive cultural tradition and diverse topographic environment, provides an ideal case to study cultural responses to climate change. Based on extensive published archaeological survey data for northern China, this thesis describes a GIS based spatial analysis aimed at understanding cultural responses to Holocene climate changes. These responses are studied from the joint perspectives of changes through time in archaeological site distributions and their interactions with the local topographic conditions.
Ancient occupational densities through time are first examined at a broad spatial scale to reveal broad evolutionary patterns in cultural prosperity and social hierarchy. A possible pattern of cultural response to the periodic Holocene retreat of the northern limit of the East Asian Monsoon is proposed. Following the broad scale study, which mainly examines archaeological distributions in a two dimensional manner, a middle scale study investigates changes in site distributions in relation to patterns of variation in topographic features. The majority of the analysis of the thesis is conducted at this middle scale. By reconstructing ancient riverine site clusters, distances from sites to water resources are analysed to indicate the degree of reliance on water supplies, and thereby reflect possible spatial responses to changes in precipitation. By also presenting a topographic classification and then comparing ancient occupational densities with different landscapes, it is found that changing land-use patterns can reflect transitions in subsistence strategy. These analyses are conducted in three separate geographical units across cultural zones from the Early Neolithic to the Bronze Age to demonstrate different responses in the different areas over time. This facilitates an understanding of the evolution of cultural diversity in response to climatic variability.
The spatial analysis module of ArcGIS is applied in this thesis to the spatial distribution of archaeological survey data acquired from the published Atlas of Chinese Relics. These data have limited temporal definition and site size identification. Nevertheless, the overall response patterns to well-known climatic events such as the Holocene Thermal Maximum, the Western Zhou cold period and the retreat of the Eastern Asian Monsoon are clearly revealed, with transitions in subsistence strategies occurring especially in the peripheral regions.
Despite remaining technical problems and deficiencies in data quality, spatial analysis based on extensive archaeological survey data is shown in this thesis to provide a sound basis to support the study of ancient culture-landscape relationships. Further advances in this area are anticipated as more comprehensive archaeological data at finer scales become available.
Books on the topic "Paleoclimatology – China"
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Group, IGCP Project 218 Chinese Working. Quaternary processes in eastern China and their international correlation: A report. Beijing, China: Geological Pub. House, 1991.
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Proceedings of the 30th International Geological Congress: Beijing, China, 4-14 August 1996. Utrecht, Netherlands: VSP, 1997.
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Xiwen, Zhao, ed. The Paleoclimate of China. Beijing, China: Geological Publishing House, 1992.
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Tungsheng, Liu. Loess, Environment and Global Change: Xiii Inqua 1991 China. Science Pr, 1991.
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B, Madsen David, Chen Fa-Hu, and Gao Xing, eds. Late quaternary climate change and human adaptation in arid China. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007.
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(Editor), D. B. Madsen, F. Chen (Editor), and X. Gao (Editor), eds. Late Quaternary Climate Change and Human Adaptation in Arid China, Volume 9 (Developments in Quaternary Sciences) (Developments in Quaternary Sciences). Elsevier Science, 2007.
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(Editor), N. C. Krothe, and Fei Jin (Editor), eds. Hydrogeology: Proceedings of the 30th International Geological Congress Beijing, China, 4-14 August 1996 (Proceedings of the 30th International Geological Congress). Brill Academic Publishers, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Paleoclimatology – China"
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McMichael, Anthony. "Romans, Mayans, and Anasazi: The Classical Optimum to Droughts in the Americas." In Climate Change and the Health of Nations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190262952.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
The Stories of the Roman Empire and the Mayans are well known and have fascinated generations of scholars, artists, storytellers, and history enthusiasts. Less familiar are the ways in which the changing climate contributed to the rise and fall of these civilizations, and of the Anasazi, among others in North America. This chapter examines the fates of different societies in three climatic periods: the warm Classical Optimum (300 B.C.E. to 350 C.E.), cooler conditions in the Dark Ages (500 C.E. to 800 C.E.), and drought in the Americas (950 C.E. to 1250 C.E.). Recent gains in the reach and resolution of paleoclimatology have enabled more detailed reconstruction of climate and health relationships. Beginning around 300 B.C.E., Europe and the Mediterranean experienced a prolonged period of warm and stable climate—often termed the Roman Warm. Historian John L. Brooke has labeled the ensuing “remarkable” 600 to 800 years of benevolent climate conditions the Classical Optimum, and he suggests that the effects were global. A positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) pushed warm winds west towards Scandinavia, glaciers retreated, and the Mediterranean settled into its characteristic pattern of dry summers and winter rainfall. In the wake of the spread of farming and rising fertility rates, the estimated global population was approaching 200 million. Cities were becoming larger and grander, trade routes were extending, and armies and their iron weaponry were ranging further afield. So too were various infectious agents, many of them beneficiaries of the new and intensifying transcontinental contacts among China, Rome, South Asia, the Middle East, and North and East Africa. During this period, the Mediterranean sustained “the deepest landscape transformation in antiquity.” Scattered populations increased and coalesced into forts and cities, supported by thousands of new farms. By around 300 C.E., however, the Classical Optimum began to wane. Ice- melt events cooled northern Europe, and by 500 C.E. the strong NAO reversed, bringing a deep cold. The shifting climatic conditions placed enormous pressure on the civilizations that had transformed their socio- ecological systems during conditions more favourable to agricultural productivity and human health.