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1

Young, Gavin C. "Paleobiogeography of Devonian vertebrates." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200008820.

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Five distinctive vertebrate faunas characterised by endemic taxa can be recognised for the Early Devonian (Euramerica, Siberia, Tuva, China, and East Gondwana). By Late Devonian time these faunal provinces are obscured by widespread taxa which also inhabited nonmarine aquatic environments, but indicate faunal communication between Gondwana, Euramerica and China. This marked change in pattern between the Early and Late Devonian may be attributed to intrinsic (evolutionary) or extrinsic causal factors. Dispersal capabilities of aquatic vertebrates may have increased during the initial gnathostome radiation of the Devonian, but a predominantly extrinsic cause (e.g. global change in geography or climate) is suggested by the similar pattern for marine invertebrate faunas of Early Devonian endemism and Late Devonian cosmopolitanism. Outstanding problems of Devonian vertebrate biogeography include faunal differentiation on the largest landmass of the time (Gondwana), and the nature of barriers and connections between East and West Gondwana, East Gondwana and South and North China, and West Gondwana and Euramerica. A vertebrate equivalent of the cool-water Malvinokaffric invertebrate faunal realm of the Siluro-Devonian is not clearly identified, but vertebrate data from southern Africa and south America are sparse.Wide latitudinal distributions for some Late Devonian vertebrate taxa appear anomalous, and could indicate either reduced global climatic gradients, or erroneous paleogeographic base maps. There are difficulties in formulating a hypothesis of global warming and/or major paleogeographic change in a way which clearly distinguishes basic from interpreted data. Three major subdisciplines (paleomagnetism, paleoclimatology, paleobiogeography) contribute to Paleozoic paleogeographic reconstructions. Their data tend to be organised and represented in different ways, but each relies on the same principle of concordance with a general pattern (Young 1990). Degree of consilience of a hypothesis based on one data set (the extent to which it explains patterns within an unrelated set of data) is a primary criterion for accepting or rejecting the hypothesis. Apparent polar wander path representation facilitates testing of paleomagnetic data against those paleoclimatic or paleobiogeographic data which provide evidence of paleolatitude. However, as well as the simple indication of paleolatitude, biogeographic and some other qualitative data sets provide more complex evidence concerning connections or barriers between regions, for which APWP representation is not appropriate. Cladistic analysis of hierarchically organised data sets (Young, 1986, 1987) provides a means of integrating qualitative paleobiogeographic, paleoclimatic, and paleogeographic data such that inconsistencies in the evidence are emphasised, and the hypothesis is exposed to falsification. These ideas are illustrated using Devonian examples.
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2

HAYAMI, Itaru. "Modern Situation of Paleobiogeography." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 94, no. 7 (1986): 604–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.94.604.

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3

Waggoner, Ben. "Paleobiogeography. Bruce S. Lieberman." Quarterly Review of Biology 76, no. 3 (September 2001): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/394014.

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4

Croitor, Roman. "Paleobiogeography of Crown Deer." Earth 3, no. 4 (November 6, 2022): 1138–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/earth3040066.

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The article describes the paleobiogeographic history of the modern subfamilies so-called “crown deer” of the family Cervidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) in the world from the late Miocene to the late Pleistocene. The study overviews the taxonomic diversity and evolutionary radiation of Cervidae from all zoogeographic realms where this systematic group is present in the paleontological record. The evolutionary diversification of the fossil Cervidae is based on the estimations of species body masses that are regarded here as a proxy of occupied ecological niches. The study reveals two important evolutionary radiations of Cervidae during the late Miocene of Eurasia that gave the origin of the modern subfamilies Cervinae and Capreolinae. The evolutionary radiation of Capreolinae during the Pleistocene in South America shows a range of diversity comparable to the late Miocene radiations of Old World deer and provides multiple examples of evolutionary convergences with Eurasian Pleistocene cervids. The article discusses factors that shaped the modern biogeographic distribution of representatives of the subfamilies Cervinae and Capreolinae.
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5

Terras, Rafael, Mirian Carbonera, Guilherme Budke, and Karla Janaísa Gonçalves Leite. "FAMÍLIA SPINOSAURIDAE (DINOSAURIA: THEROPODA): TAXONOMIA, PALEOBIOGEOGRAFIA E PALEOECOLOGIA (UMA REVISÃO)." PALEONTOLOGIA EM DESTAQUE - Boletim Informativo da Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia 37, no. 77 (July 10, 2023): 14–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4072/paleodest.2022.37.77.02.

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Spinosauridae family (Dinosauria: Theropoda): taxonomy, paleobiogeography and paleoecology (a revision). Spinosauridae is a family of Tetanuran theropod dinosaurs that was widely distributed during the Early Cretaceous. Here we revised the state of art of the family’s taxonomy, paleobiogeography and paleoecology. We compiled updated diagnosis for the holotypes of the 20 species attributed to the family since 1841, alongside with the different hypotheses related to the family’s paleobiogeography and paleoecology. We also compiled updated diagnosis for a series of indeterminate elements that are relevant in literature. We conclude that out of these 20 taxa six can be regarded as nomina dubia (Ostafrikasaurus crassiserratus, Suchosaurus girardi, Spinosaurus maroccanus, Siamosaurus suteethorni, Sinopliosaurus fusuiensis, Suchosaurus cultridens) due to the lack of diagnostic material and autapomorphies. Out of these, three were regarded as incertae sedis (Ostafrikasaurus crassiserratus, Suchosaurus girardi, Suchosaurus cultridens) for the same reasons and the possibility of belonging to previously already established taxa inside Spinosauridae and for one of these (Ostafrikasaurus crassiserratus) for possibly being a member of Ceratosauria. As for paleobiogeography, the fossil evidence suggests that the family might have originated in Laurasia (Western Europe), but the existence of a tooth older than the European taxa might indicate that the family might have originated in Gondwana (Brazil). Finally, regarding paleoecology, the most accepted hypothesis is that they were generalist predators of the margins of aquatic environments (i.e. riparian zone), and waders in shallow waters like modern herons and storks, and if necessary also resorting to terrestrial environments. They would be capable of alternating between resources and environments, in addition to sharing their habitats with theropods of the Abelisauridae and Carcharodontosauridae families and even with other spinosaurids, if the environmental conditions favored it. Keywords: Theropoda, Spinosauridae, Spinosaurinae, Baryonychinae, paleobiogeography, paleoecology.
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6

Smith, Paul L., and Gerd E. G. Westermann. "Paleobiogeography of the Ancient Pacific." Science 249, no. 4969 (August 10, 1990): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.249.4969.680.a.

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7

Stanley, George D., and Thomas E. Yancey. "Paleobiogeography of the Ancient Pacific." Science 249, no. 4969 (August 10, 1990): 680–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.249.4969.680.b.

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8

Weishampel, David B., and Ralph E. Chapman. "The Quantitative Paleobiogeography of Dinosaurs." Paleontological Society Special Publications 8 (1996): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200004202.

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9

Khan, Muhammad Akbar, and Muhammad Umer Farooq . "Paleobiogeography of the Siwalik Ruminants." International Journal of Zoological Research 2, no. 2 (March 15, 2006): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijzr.2006.100.109.

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10

Smith, P. L., and G. E. G. Westermann. "Paleobiogeography of the Ancient Pacific." Science 249, no. 4969 (August 10, 1990): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.249.4969.680.

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11

Huang, Hao, Xiaochi Jin, Yukun Shi, and Xiangning Yang. "Middle Permian western Tethyan fusulinids from southern Baoshan Block, western Yunnan, China." Journal of Paleontology 83, no. 6 (November 2009): 880–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/08-071.1.

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New fusulinid collections from the Baoshan Block in southwest China necessitate paleobiogeographic reevaluation of the Mid-Permian fusulinids in this region. From Xiaoxinzhai Section in the southern Baoshan Block, 32 fusulinid species of nine genera are described and illustrated. Among them,Eopolydiexodina parvais a new species, and elements of Neoschwagerinidae and Verbeekinidae are confirmed. The studied fusulinids are ascendingly grouped into three biozones: theSchwagerina yunnanensisRange Zone,EopolydiexodinaAbundance Zone, andSumatrina annaeRange Zone. The lower two could be assigned in age to the Murgabian and the uppermost one to the Midian. Midian fusulinids are for the first time reported from the Baoshan Block. In terms of fusulinid paleobiogeography, these three assemblages should belong to the western Tethyan Province A because of the presence ofEopolydiexodinaand characteristic Tethyan genera, e.g.,Verbeekina, Sumatrina, and Pseudodoliolina.Moreover, these assemblages may occupy a comparatively high latitudinal region within Tethyan Realm, judging from the overall low diversity.
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12

Stigall, Alycia L. "Tracking Species in Space and Time: Assessing the Relationships Between Paleobiogeography, Paleoecology, and Macroevolution." Paleontological Society Papers 14 (October 2008): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600001704.

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In all species, geographic range is constrained by a combination of ecological and historical factors. Ecological factors relate to the species' niche, its environmental or biotic limits in multidimensional space, while historical factors pertain to a species' ancestry, specifically the location at which a species evolved. Historical limitations are primary during speciation, while ecological factors control the subsequent expansion and contraction of species range. By assessing biogeographic changes during the lifespan of individual species, we can assess the relationship between paleobiogeography, paleoecology, and macroevolution. Quantitative paleobiogeographic analyses, especially those using GIS-based and phylogenetic methods, provide a framework to rigorously test hypotheses about the relationship between species ranges, biotic turnover, and paleoecology. These new tools provide a way to assess key questions about the co-evolution of life and earth. Changes in biogeographic patterns, reconstructed at the species level, can provide key information for interpreting macroevolutionary dynamics–particularly speciation mode (vicariance vs. dispersal) and speciation rate during key intervals of macroevolutionary change (biodiversity crises, widespread invasion events, and adaptive radiations). Furthermore, species ranges can be reconstructed using ecological niche modeling methods to examine the effects of environmental controls on geographic range shifts. Particularly fruitful areas of investigation in future paleobiogeographic analysis include (1) the relationship between species ranges and speciation events/mode, (2) relationship between shifting ecological regimes and range expansion and contraction, (3) the impact of interbasinal species invasions on both community structure and macroevolutionary dynamics, (4) the mechanics of transitions between endemic to cosmopolitan faunas at local, regional, and global scales, (5) how ecology and geographic range impacts species extinction during both background and crisis intervals.Three case studies are presented to illustrate both the methods and utility of this theoretical approach of using paleobiogeographic patterns to assess macroevolutionary dynamics. The first case study examines paleobiogeographic patterns in shallow marine invertebrates during the Late Devonian Biodiversity Crisis. During this interval, speciation by vicariance declined precipitously and only species exhibiting expanding geographic ranges survived the crisis interval. Patterns of biogeographic change during the Late Ordovician Richmondian invasion (Cincinnati Arch region) reveal similar patterns; speciation rate declines during invasion intervals and widely distributed endemic species are best able to survive in the new invasive regime. Phylogenetic biogeographic patterns during the Miocene radiation of North American horses suggest climatic parameters were important determinants of speciation and dispersal patterns.
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13

Fonseca, Maria de Lurdes, Christopher R. Scotese, and Mário Cachão. "Late Cretaceous paleobiogeography of Braarudosphaera bigelowii." Marine Micropaleontology 152 (September 2019): 101738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2019.03.010.

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14

Fujikawa, Masayuki, and Takeshi Ishibashi. "Paleozoic ammonoid paleobiogeography in Southeast Asia." Geosciences Journal 4, no. 4 (December 2000): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02914038.

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15

FELDMANN, RODNEY M., and CARRIE E. SCHWEITZER. "PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHY OF SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE DECAPOD CRUSTACEA." Journal of Paleontology 80, no. 1 (January 2006): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0022-3360(2006)080[0083:poshdc]2.0.co;2.

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16

Feldmann, Rodney M. "Decapod Crustacean Paleobiogeography: Resolving the Problem of Small Sample Size." Short Courses in Paleontology 3 (1990): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475263000001847.

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Studies of paleobiogeography have changed markedly in recent decades transforming a once static subject into one which now has great potential as a useful counterpart to systematic and ecological studies in the interpretation of the geological history of organisms. This has resulted, in large part, from the emergence of plate tectonic models which, in turn, have been used as the bases for extremely sophisticated paleoclimatic modeling. As a result, paleobiogeography has attained a level of precision comparable to that of the studies of paleoecology and systematic paleontology. It is now possible to consider causes for global patterns of origin and dispersal of organisms on a much more realistic level than was previously possible.
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17

Videira-Santos, Roberto, Sandro Marcelo Scheffler, and Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes. "New occurrences of Malvinokaffric Chonetoidea (Brachiopoda) in the Paraná Basin, Devonian, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 25, no. 1 (April 12, 2022): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4072/rbp.2022.1.01.

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Brachiopods of the superfamily Chonetoidea are abundantly found in Devonian rocks in the Paraná Basin (Brazil). Despite this, only two species were formally known: Pleurochonetes falklandicus and Australostrophia mesembria, while at least 34 other taxa are known in other locations also within the Malvinokaffric Realm. In this contribution we present nine new taxa of Chonetoidea from the Ponta Grossa (late Pragian–early Emsian) and São Domingos (late Emsian–Frasnian) formations in the Paraná Basin: Babinia parvula maxima ssp. nov., Kentronetes? iclaense, Kentronetes? ortegae?, Sanjuanetes? sp., Chonostrophia? aff. truyolsae, Chonetidae indet., Pleurochonetes? comstocki?, Notiochonetes skottsbergi and Pleurochonetes surucoi?. Additionally, we emended the diagnosis of Babinia parvula. This expands the known diversity of Devonian Chonetoidea of the Paraná Basin. We also discuss the likely living environment of the identified taxa, based on the outcrops from which they came. The identification of these taxa provide new paleobiogeographic and chronostratigraphic information, allowing interpretations about possible affinities and migration routes of these benthic organisms within the Malvinokaffric Realm regions. Keywords: chonetoideans, Malvinokaffric Realm, Lower–Middle Devonian, systematic, paleoenvironments, paleobiogeography.
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18

SALES, MARCOS A. F., PAULO CASCON, and CESAR L. SCHULTZ. "Note on the paleobiogeography of Compsognathidae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) and its paleoecological implications." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86, no. 1 (March 2014): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-37652013100412.

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The paleobiogeography of the theropod clade Compsognathidae is here reaccessed in order to test the hypothesis of this taxon being adapted specifically to inhabit semi-arid environments. Data about localities where these fossils were collected and their paleoenvironments were gathered from the literature. Compsognathids seem to be found especially in sedimentary deposits known as Fossil Lagerstätten, which were formed under a set of specific conditions that allowed the preservation of the fragile bone remains of these animals. This bias limits an accurate analysis of the historical and/or ecological paleobiogeography of this taxon. Actually, it is possible that compsognathids had an almost worldwide distribution during the Mesozoic Era. Their occurrence in Lower Cretaceous rocks of China suggests that they also inhabited environments with moist conditions instead of being restricted to semi-arid to arid environments.
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19

Mazin, Jean Michel. "Paleobiogeography of Triassic Ichthyopterygian Reptiles; some working hypotheses." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 173, no. 1 (October 7, 1986): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/173/1986/117.

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20

Sandy, Michael R. "Paleobiogeography of Mesozoic articulate brachiopods from the Western Cordillera of North America and their potential for paleogeographic studies." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200008194.

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Mesozoic brachiopods were, at times, significant elements of marine invertebrate faunas. Current investigations suggest that Mesozoic brachiopods are more common in Mesozoic marine sequences from North America than has generally been assumed. Their neglect is no doubt in part due to the greater utility of other invertebrate and microfossil groups for biostratigraphy. Brachiopods may be preserved in original shell material or silicified. It is therefore necessary to consider which is the most appropriate method of extraction, depending on type of preservation.Lacking planktotrophic larval stages, living articulate brachiopods are limited in their dispersal potential by virtue of their sessile, benthic mode of life. If, in addition, all post-Paleozoic articulate brachiopods possessed a non-planktotrophic larval stage endemism would be likely to develop if gene-flow became severed. This would mean that taxonomic investigation of articulate brachiopods has the potential to provide useful paleobiogeographic and paleogeographic information. Recent investigations have concentrated on making a preliminary survey of some brachiopod occurrences in the Western Cordillera of North America with these goals in mind.The Upper Triassic brachiopod fauna from the Luning Formation of the Pilot and Shoshone Mountains, Nevada, is the most diverse known for the Mesozoic of North America in terms of number of brachiopod species (manuscript submitted with George D. Stanley). This is probably a reflection of how little detailed collecting and systematic study Mesozoic representatives of the phylum have received in North America. The fauna comprises both Tethyan and endemic species. The brachiopods are from the Paradise terrane, probably close to the North American craton in the Late Triassic. One Upper Triassic brachiopod fauna from the Antimonio Formation, Sonora, is by comparison with the Nevada faunas, depauperate, but they do share one common species. Additional time-equivalent brachiopod faunas from outboard terranes of North America and the “classic” European faunas monographed in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries require investigation to determine their paleobiogeography and their contribution to paleogeography.Jurassic brachiopods from North America have not been subjected to any major revision but they are present at certain horizons. Cretaceous faunas from the southern United States and Mexico contain genera known from Tethys in Europe. Mid-Cretaceous faunas from the Queen Charlotte Islands (Wrangellia terrane) and the Canadian Arctic Islands contain forms that are more typical of mid-latitude to Boreal regions, repectively, of Europe. This suggests a broad correspondence between brachiopod distributions and paleolatitude across considerable paleolongitudinal distances, an observation of relevance to interpreting Early Mesozoic paleobiogeographic distributions.The current work is only scratching the surface of the Phylum's distribution in the Western Cordillera of North America. The aim is to provide a better understanding of brachiopod paleobiogeography, paleogeography, and the evolutionary history of the Brachiopoda during the post-Paleozoic, which does not appear to be their swansong.
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21

Dunne, Emma. "Paleobiogeography: Why some sauropods liked it hot." Current Biology 32, no. 3 (February 2022): R120—R123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.12.052.

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22

Bragina, L. G. "Radiolarian paleobiogeography in the late Albian–Santonian." Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 24, no. 6 (November 2016): 575–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0869593816060022.

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23

Lucas, Spencer G., and Adrian P. Hunt. "The origin of mammals: chronology and paleobiogeography." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200007498.

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A comprehensive review of the stratigraphic and geographic distribution of the advanced, non-mammalian cynodonts (traversodontids, tritylodontids and tritheledontids) and the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic mammals indicates that: (1) traversodontids were a wholly Triassic group that disappeared during the Rhaetian; during the late Carnian-early Norian they were rare but widespread components of Pangaean land-vertebrate faunas; (2) tritylodontids first appeared in Europe during the Rhaetian, were a cosmopolitan group by the Sinemurian/Pliensbachian and disappeared during the Bathonian; (3) tritheledontids ranged in age from late Carnian to Sinemurian/Pliensbachian and were mostly a New World group; and (4) the oldest mammal is of late Carnian age from West Texas, but there is at least a 10-million-year gap between it and the next oldest mammals from the late Norian of Europe.Advanced cynodont and mammalian distributions of the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic do not suggest Late Triassic paleoprovinciality, but they do support the notion of a cosmopolitan vertebrate fauna during the Sinemurian/Pliensbachian. Proponents of a tritylodontid ancestry of mammals must explain away a 15-million-year-long absence of tritylodontids from the Late Triassic fossil record. In contrast, proponents of a tritheledontid ancestry of mammals need offer no such explanation since tritheledontids and mammals appeared simultaneously during the late Carnian.
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24

Lieberman, Bruce S. "Paleobiogeography: The Relevance of Fossils to Biogeography." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34, no. 1 (November 2003): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.121101.153549.

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25

Bibi, Faysal. "Origin, paleoecology, and paleobiogeography of early Bovini." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 248, no. 1-2 (May 2007): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.11.009.

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26

Stanley, G. D., and T. E. Yancey. "In Reply: Paleobiogeography of the Ancient Pacific." Science 249, no. 4969 (August 10, 1990): 680–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.249.4969.680-a.

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27

Newton, C. R. "In Reply: Paleobiogeography of the Ancient Pacific." Science 249, no. 4969 (August 10, 1990): 681–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.249.4969.681.

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28

Seoane, Federico D., Sergio Roig Juñent, and Esperanza Cerdeño. "Phylogeny and paleobiogeography of Hegetotheriidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata)." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): e1278547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2017.1278547.

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29

Lieberman, Bruce S. "Earth History Change: The Pacemaker of Evolution." Paleontological Society Papers 11 (October 2005): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600001212.

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Paleobiogeography is the discipline that aims to uncover correlations between Earth history (geological and climatic) change and evolution by focusing on how biotas evolve across geographic space. Phylogenetic biogeographic methods applied to fossil taxa, especially those methods based on a modified version of Brooks Parsimony Analysis, have shown potential for uncovering the relationship between Earth history change and evolution. Two processes have an important role in shaping the evolution of biotas across geographic space: these are vicariance and geodispersal. Approaches to biogeographic analysis in the fossil record have uncovered evidence linking some of the key episodes in the history of life, including the Cambrian radiation, to the major geological changes that were occurring at the time. They also have shown that in different time periods with different Earth history signatures the corresponding evolutionary and biogeographic signatures are different. Promising new areas in paleobiogeography include expanded application of phylogenetic approaches and the use of Geographic Information Systems.
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Kriwet, Jürgen, and Karina Kussius. "Paleobiology and paleobiogeography of sclerorhynchid sawfishes (Chondrichthyes, Batomorphii)." Spanish Journal of Palaeontology 16, no. 3 (September 21, 2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/sjp.16.3.21614.

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31

Parkhaev, P. Yu. "Cambrian Mollusks of Australia: Taxonomy, Biostratigraphy, and Paleobiogeography." Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 27, no. 2 (March 2019): 181–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0869593819020072.

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32

Kurkin, A. A. "Permian anomodonts: Paleobiogeography and distribution of the group." Paleontological Journal 45, no. 4 (July 2011): 432–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031030111030075.

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33

Bonde, Niels. "Bony Tongue (Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha) Paleobiogeography—Paleontology Refuting Neontology." Paleontological Society Special Publications 13 (2014): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200010376.

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34

Park, Lisa E., and Elizabeth H. Gierlowski-Kordesch. "Paleobiogeography and Evolutionary History of Paleozoic Lacustrine Faunas." Paleontological Society Papers 11 (October 2005): 49–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600001248.

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Lakes are important archives for continental records of paleoenvironmental as well as paleoclimatic change. They also record a unique macroevolutionary pattern that occurred when faunas invaded the continental realm. In order to document that pattern, we compiled a database of over ninety lake basins from the Neoproterozoic to the Permian. Each basin was evaluated based upon its sedimentology and paleontology and, where appropriate, was classified into one of three types: underfilled, balanced-filled, and overfilled, sensu Carroll and Bohacs (1999). The faunal elements from each were recorded at the species, generic, class, and phylum levels.Looking at this critical time in lacustrine evolution, several patterns emerged. For the Neoproterozoic through Silurian time, there is a paucity of documented lake deposits and lake faunal records. Lakes during this time were oligotrophic and their nutrient cycling regimes were primitive. It is not until the establishment of land plants in the Silurian that lakes begin to respond with higher diversities and more complex physical and chemical conditions. During the Devonian-Carboniferous periods, diversity was on the rise as trophic levels became more complex. Globally, CO2 increased while marine Sr decreased, coinciding with the peaking of diversity within lakes. Most lakes of the Devonian and Carboniferous formed along continental margins or in tectonic basins with occasional connection to the marine realm. The faunas from these types of lakes were commonly comprised of mixed marine and freshwater elements and were far more diverse than other, more inland lakes. This “estuary effect” created a gateway or filter through which faunas invaded the continental realm.The early history of lake faunas is one of opportunity and amelioration. The feedback loops created by the establishment of vascular plants altered the nutrient cycle on land and in lakes. All trophic levels were established early but became increasingly complex throughout the Paleozoic, as roles changed and faunal elements became established. Groups invading the continents via the “estuary effect” did so numerous times before establishing themselves permanently. This was linked with the episodic reestablishment in marine-freshwater connections along these continental margins. In general, the macroevolutionary history of lake faunas demonstrates a dramatically different diversification pattern than that of the marine, and further study is necessary to understand the intricacies of these patterns and whether or not they continue through the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras.
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35

Hembree, Daniel I. "Amphisbaenian paleobiogeography: Evidence of vicariance and geodispersal patterns." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 235, no. 4 (June 2006): 340–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.11.006.

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36

Yasuhara, Moriaki, Toshiaki Irizuki, Shusaku Yoshikawa, Futoshi Nanayama, and Muneki Mitamura. "Holocene ostracode paleobiogeography in Osaka Bay, southwestern Japan." Marine Micropaleontology 53, no. 1-2 (October 2004): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2004.02.002.

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37

Angiolini, Lucia, Gaia Crippa, Giovanni Muttoni, and Johannes Pignatti. "Guadalupian (Middle Permian) paleobiogeography of the Neotethys Ocean." Gondwana Research 24, no. 1 (July 2013): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2012.08.012.

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38

Wilf, Peter, N. Rubén Cúneo, Ignacio H. Escapa, Diego Pol, and Michael O. Woodburne. "Splendid and Seldom Isolated: The Paleobiogeography of Patagonia." Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 41, no. 1 (May 30, 2013): 561–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-050212-124217.

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39

Ernst, Andrej, and Andreas May. "Bryozoan fauna from the Koněprusy Limestone (Pragian, Lower Devonian) of Zlatý Kůň near Koněprusy (Czech Republic)." Journal of Paleontology 83, no. 5 (September 2009): 767–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/09-019.1.

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This paper presents an overview of the bryozoan fauna from the upper Koněprusy Limestone (kindlei Conodont Zone, middle Pragian, Lower Devonian) exposed in two quarries at Zlatý Kuň near Koněprusy in Central Bohemia, and discusses its paleoecology and paleobiogeography. The studied fauna is dominated by encrusting fistuliporine and trepostome bryozoans (eight species), accompanied mainly by reticulate fenestrates (four species), branching ramose trepostomes and cryptostomes (three species), and one massive trepostome species. The richest bryozoan association comes from reef core/margin facies (13 species), followed by crinoid-bryozoan facies of the ramp (eight species). The reef-terrace facies and the crinoid-bryozoan-algal facies contain three and two species respectively. Seven species are described taxonomically, three fistuliporines and four trepostomes. The following taxa are new: Koneprusiella armata n. gen. n. sp., Fistulipora rarivesiculata n. sp., Fistulipora hladili n. sp. and Leptotrypa varia n. sp. Paleobiogeographic patterns of the bryozoan fauna from the Koněprusy Limestone are similar to those of stromatoporoids, comprising widely distributed genera but mainly endemic species. This supports a relative geographic isolation of the Koněprusy reef. The bryozoan fauna from the Koněprusy Limestone shows paleogeographic affinities with that from the Lower Devonian (Pragian) of Morocco and the Middle Devonian of Michigan (USA).
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40

Davies, Kyle L. "Duck-bill dinosaurs (Hadrosauridae, Ornithischia) from the North Slope of Alaska." Journal of Paleontology 61, no. 1 (January 1987): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000028341.

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Hadrosaur Bones have been found on the Colville River north of Umiat on the North Slope of Alaska. This find represents the first report of dinosaur bones in Alaska and their northernmost reported occurrence. The remains are not determinable below family level but are important, nonetheless, for interpretations of the paleoclimatology and paleobiogeography of the Late Cretaceous.
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41

Fraaye, René H. B. "Two new crabs, Graptocarcinus maastrichtensis, and Caloxanthus kuypersi (Crustacea, Decapoda), from the type Maastrichtian of the Netherlands." Journal of Paleontology 70, no. 3 (May 1996): 463–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000038397.

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A new species of Graptocarcinus is the stratigraphically youngest known member of the genus; it is here described together with a new species of the genus Caloxanthus from the late Maastrichtian of The Netherlands. The known stratigraphic distribution and paleobiogeography of both genera are discussed. The range of Graptocarcinus is extended from the Aptian to the late Maastrichtian.
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42

Hodgson, Jay Y. S., and Scott C. Mateer. "Inquiry-Based Instruction of Compound Microscopy Using Simulated Paleobiogeography." American Biology Teacher 77, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2015.77.5.7.

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The compound microscope is an important tool in biology, and mastering it requires repetition. Unfortunately, introductory activities for students can be formulaic, and consequently, students are often unengaged and fail to develop the required experience to become proficient in microscopy. To engage students, increase repetition, and develop identification skills, we have them use the microscope as a problem-solving tool to examine prepared slides of microfossils and microartifacts from a simulated archeology site to determine its paleobiogeographic history.
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43

Gibson, Thomas G., and B. W. Hayward. "Taxonomy, Paleobiogeography and Evolutionary History of the Bolivinellidae (Foraminiferida)." Micropaleontology 38, no. 4 (1992): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1485769.

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44

Achab, A., R. Bertrand, and G. Van Grootel. "Chitinozoan Contribution to the Ordovician and Lower Silurian Paleobiogeography." Journal of Geology 100, no. 5 (September 1992): 621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/629612.

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45

Armstrong, Howard A., and Alan W. Owen. "Euconodont paleobiogeography and the closure of the Iapetus Ocean." Geology 30, no. 12 (2002): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<1091:epatco>2.0.co;2.

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46

Yanin, B. T. "On the climatic, climatobiogeographic, and biochorologic units in paleobiogeography." Paleontological Journal 44, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031030110010016.

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47

Bhalla, S. N. "Paleobiogeography of Jurassic foraminifera from central Kutch, Western India." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200005888.

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A prolific assemblage of foraminifera dominated by vaginulinids and nodosariids recovered from Callovian-Oxfordian sequence exposed in central Kutch, Western India, is correlated with Jurassic foraminiferal assemblages from other localities of Kutch, a few other Indian regions and also from certain regions of the world. The Kutch assemblage has a distinct Tethyan affinity. A comparative study indicates that during Dogger and Malm epochs, Kutch was having sea connections with Central Arabia, Iran, Afghanistan, Rajasthan, Somalia and Madagascar.
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48

Bragin, Nikita Yu, and Liubov G. Bragina. "Paleobiogeography of Mesozoic high-latitude radiolarians: Progress and problems." Revue de Micropaléontologie 61, no. 3-4 (December 2018): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmic.2018.05.002.

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49

Brooks, Daniel R., and Kaila E. Folinsbee. "Paleobiogeography: Documenting the Ebb and Flow of Evolutionary Diversification." Paleontological Society Papers 11 (October 2005): 15–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600001224.

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Historical biogeography has recently experienced a significant advancement in three integrated areas. The first is the adoption of an ontology of complexity, replacing the traditional ontology of simplicity, or a priori parsimony; simple and elegant models of the biosphere are not sufficient for explaining the geographical context of the origin of species and their post-speciation movements, producing evolutionary radiations and complex multi-species biotas. The second is the development of a powerful method for producing area cladograms from complex data, especially cases of reticulated area relationships, without loss of information. That method, called Phylogenetic Analysis for Comparing trees (PACT), is described herein. The third element is the replacement of the model of maximum vicariance with the model called the Taxon Pulse hypothesis. PACT analysis of Hominoidea, Hyaenidae, and Proboscidea beginning in the Miocene, reveals that all three groups share a general episode of species formation in Africa in the early Miocene, followed by “out of Africa” expansion into Europe, Asia and North America, a second general episode of species formation in Asia in the mid-Miocene, followed by “out of Asia” expansion into Africa, Europe and North America. Finally, there were two additional “out of Africa” events during the late Miocene and into the Pliocene, the last one setting the stage for the emergence and spread ofHomo. In addition to these shared episodes of vicariance and dispersal, each group exhibits clade-specific within-area and peripheral isolates speciation events. The complex history of dispersal and speciation over largeareas exhibited by hominoids is part of a more general historyof biotic diversification by taxon pulses.
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50

del Río, Claudia Julia, and Sergio Agustín Martínez. "Paleobiogeography of the Danian molluscan assemblages of Patagonia (Argentina)." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 417 (January 2015): 274–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.10.006.

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