Journal articles: 'Palaeoshorelines'

1

Schuster, Mathieu, Claude Roquin, Philippe Duringer, Michel Brunet, Matthieu Caugy, Michel Fontugne, Hassan Taïsso Mackaye, Patrick Vignaud, and Jean-François Ghienne. "Holocene Lake Mega-Chad palaeoshorelines from space." Quaternary Science Reviews 24, no. 16-17 (September 2005): 1821–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.02.001.

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Gulyas, Sandor Jr. "The Palaeogeography of Lake Pannon During Deposition of the Congeria rhomboidea Beds." Geologia Croatica 54, no. 1 (June 30, 2001): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4154/gc.2001.02.

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Lake Pannon covered the area of the Pannonian Basin during the late Miocene. According to the seismic profiles, prograding deltas from the NW and NE resulted in the S-SE migration of the northern palaeoshoreline and the gradual aggradation of the lacustrine basin. The molluscan fauna living in the lake underwent a very rapid evolution. For the younger species, the possibilities of spreading became more and more restricted due to the gradual shoaling of the lake. The bivalve species Congeria rhomboidea M. HÖRNES occurs widely in the Upper Pannonian (Pontian sensu Stevanovic) deposits of Hungary and the neighbouring countries. Its evolution is relatively well understood. According to magnetostratigraphic data this species appeared in the lake 8.5 mya. According to the maximal geographical distributions of C. rhomboidea and its ancestor Congeria praerhomboidea STEVANOVIC occurring in sublittoral clay and silt along with the representatives of Prosodacnomya coming from littoral and lagoon deposits of the same age the estimated water coverage was around 75,000 km2 at the time of first emergence of C. rhomboidea in the lake. In the north the distribution of C. praerhomboidea is strictly restricted to the north of that of C. rhomboidea, its descendent, implying a clear S-SE trend in the migration of the lake’s northern palaeoshoreline. Distributions of the littoral Prosodacnomyas in relation to the sublittoral C. rhomboidea of the same age display a similar pattern. Meanwhile the western and southern palaeoshorelines underwent only minor fluctuations.

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Bernecker, T., and A. D. Partridge. "APPROACHES TO PALAEOGEOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTIONS OF THE LATROBE GROUP, GIPPSLAND BASIN, SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 45, no. 1 (2005): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj04044.

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In the Gippsland Basin, the seaward extent of paralic coal occurrences can be mapped in successive time slices through the Paleocene and Eocene to provide a series of straight to gently arcuate surrogate palaeoshorelines within the petroliferous Latrobe Group. Palaeogeographic reconstructions that incorporate this information provide a unique perspective on the changes affecting a siliciclastic depositional system on a passive continental margin where basin development has been primarily controlled by thermal sag. In contrast, the absence of calcareous marine fossils and lack of extensive, widespread and thick fine-grained sediments on the marine shelf and continental slope, beyond the seaward limits of coal accumulation, have contributed to the false impression that the Latrobe Group accumulated in a largely non-marine basin. Based on the proposed model for palaeoshoreline delineation, seismic data, sequence analysis, petrography and palynology can be integrated to subdivide the main depositional environments into distinct facies associations that can be used to predict the distribution of petroleum systems elements in the basin. The application of such palaeogeographic models to the older section of the Latrobe Group can improve the identification of these petroleum systems elements in as yet unexplored parts of the Gippsland Basin. Given the recent attention paid to the basin as a CO2 storage province, palaeogeographic interpretations may be able to assist with the selection of appropriate injection sites.

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Meschis, Marco, Giordano Teza, Enrico Serpelloni, Letizia Elia, Giovanni Lattanzi, Miriana Di Donato, and Silvia Castellaro. "Refining Rates of Active Crustal Deformation in the Upper Plate of Subduction Zones, Implied by Geological and Geodetic Data: The E-Dipping West Crati Fault, Southern Italy." Remote Sensing 14, no. 21 (October 23, 2022): 5303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215303.

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We investigate crustal deformation within the upper plate of the Ionian Subduction Zone (ISZ) at different time scales by (i) refining geodetic rates of crustal extension from continuous Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements and (ii) mapping sequence of Late Quaternary raised marine terraces tectonically deformed by the West Crati normal fault, in northern Calabria. This region experienced damaging earthquakes in 1184 (M 6.75) and 1854 (M 6.3), possibly on the E-dipping West Crati fault (WCF) which, however, is not unanimously considered to be a seismogenic source. We report geodetic measurements of extension and strain rates across the strike of the E-dipping WCF and throughout the northern Calabria obtained by using velocities from 18 permanent GNSS stations with a series length longer than 4.5 years. These results suggest that crustal extension may be seismically accommodated in this region by a few normal faults. Furthermore, by applying a synchronous correlation approach, we refine the chronology of understudied tectonically deformed palaeoshorelines mapped on the footwall and along the strike of the WCF, facilitating calculation of the associated fault-controlled uplift rates. Raised Late Quaternary palaeoshorelines are preserved on the footwall of the WCF indicating that “regional” uplift, likely related to the deformation associated either with the subduction or mantle upwelling processes, is affected by local footwall uplift. We show that GIS-based elevations of Late Quaternary palaeoshorelines, as well as temporally constant uplift rates, vary along the strike of the WCF, implying normal faulting activity through time. This suggests that (i) the fault slip rate governing seismic hazard has also been constant over the Late Quaternary, over multiple earthquake cycles, and (ii) our geodetically derived fault throw rate for the WCF is likely a more than reasonable value to be used over longer time scales for an improved seismic hazard assessment. Overall, we emphasize the importance of mapping crustal deformation within the upper plate above subduction zones to avoid unreliable interpretations relating to the mechanism controlling regional uplift.

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El-Asmar, Hesham M. "Holocene palaeoshorelines along the Manzala lagoon, northeast of the Nile Delta, Egypt." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 2002, no. 6 (May 29, 2002): 337–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/2002/2002/337.

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6

Margold, Martin, Krister N. Jansson, Arjen P. Stroeven, and John D. Jansen. "Glacial Lake Vitim, a 3000-km3 outburst flood from Siberia to the Arctic Ocean." Quaternary Research 76, no. 3 (November 2011): 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2011.06.009.

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AbstractA prominent lake formed when glaciers descending from the Kodar Range blocked the River Vitim in central Transbaikalia, Siberia. Glacial Lake Vitim, evidenced by palaeoshorelines and deltas, covered 23,500 km2 and held a volume of ~ 3000 km3. We infer that a large canyon in the area of the postulated ice dam served as a spillway during an outburst flood that drained through the rivers Vitim and Lena into the Arctic Ocean. The inferred outburst flood, of a magnitude comparable to the largest known floods on Earth, possibly explains a freshwater spike at ~ 13 cal ka BP inferred from Arctic Ocean sediments.

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Carling, P. A., M. Knaapen, P. Borodavko, J. Herget, I. Koptev, P. Huggenberger, and S. Parnachev. "Palaeoshorelines of glacial Lake Kuray–Chuja, south-central Siberia: form, sediments and process." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 354, no. 1 (2011): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp354.7.

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8

Cawthra, H., J. Compton, E. Fisher, and C. Marean. "Former land surfaces and palaeoshorelines on the Mossel Bay continental shelf, South Africa." Quaternary International 404 (June 2016): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.08.161.

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Lebrec, Ulysse, Rosine Riera, Victorien Paumard, Michael J. O'Leary, and Simon C. Lang. "Morphology and distribution of submerged palaeoshorelines: Insights from the North West Shelf of Australia." Earth-Science Reviews 224 (January 2022): 103864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103864.

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MANVILLE, V., and C. J. N. WILSON. "Interactions between volcanism, rifting and subsidence: implications of intracaldera palaeoshorelines at Taupo volcano, New Zealand." Journal of the Geological Society 160, no. 1 (January 2003): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0016-764902-103.

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11

Meschis, M., G. P. Roberts, J. Robertson, Z. K. Mildon, D. Sahy, R. Goswami, C. Sgambato, J. Faure Walker, A. M. Michetti, and F. Iezzi. "Out of phase Quaternary uplift-rate changes reveal normal fault interaction, implied by deformed marine palaeoshorelines." Geomorphology 416 (November 2022): 108432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108432.

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12

Karkani, A., N. Evelpidou, H. Maroukian, and S. Kawasaki. "STUDY OF BEACHROCKS IN EAST ATTICA." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 50, no. 1 (July 27, 2017): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11744.

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Sea level indicators, such as tidal notches and beachrocks, may provide valuable information for the relative sea level changes of an area. Beachrocks in particular have received various arguments concerning their use as reliable sea level indicators and their formation environment. This work focuses on the coasts of East Attica in order to trace the palaeoshorelines of the Upper Holocene through the study of beachrocks. The coastal zone was surveyed in detail by snorkelling and diving, in order to locate, map and sample beachrocks. The samples were studied under a SEM, which showed that the beachrocks are mainly composed of quartz grains, a few calcites and feldspars, while the carbonate cement is characterized with the presence of MgO at percentages between 5 and 7.8%. Based on correlations with published drillings in the study area, the studied beachrocks should not be older than 2000 years BP.

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13

Liu, Xiangjun, Yixuan Wang, Xiaodong Miao, Xianjiao Ou, Chunyan Zheng, Yantian Xu, and Zhongping Lai. "Holocene lake level variations of Dagze Co in central Tibetan Plateau revealed by OSL dates on palaeoshorelines." CATENA 219 (December 2022): 106645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106645.

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Brooke, Brendan P., Scott L. Nichol, Zhi Huang, and Robin J. Beaman. "Palaeoshorelines on the Australian continental shelf: Morphology, sea-level relationship and applications to environmental management and archaeology." Continental Shelf Research 134 (February 2017): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2016.12.012.

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15

LeQuesne, Charles, Laura S. Basell, and Ramadan Sheibani. "Archaeology in the Sirte Basin: Preliminary Results of Mitigation Surveys carried out for Shell 2007–2009." Libyan Studies 41 (2010): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900000248.

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AbstractThis paper presents in summary form the results of three years of remote sensing and ground-truthing of archaeological sites falling within concession areas held by Shell Libya in the Sirte Basin. This area spans the frontier of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica, ranging from Wadi ben Jawwad in the west to Ajdabiyah in the east and south to Jebel Zelten. The work was commissioned by Shell to inform them of archaeological sensitivities during their ongoing operations in the region. The results presented here include the identification of thousands of previously unknown sites of all periods, dating from the Lower Palaeolithic to the Second World War. Prehistoric discoveries include significant numbers of Middle Palaeolithic sites, particularly at Jebel Zelten, and large numbers of Pastoralist Neolithic sites in the coastal hinterland and on palaeoshorelines around sabkhas further north. Traces of Libyan tribes of the first millennium BC have been found in the form of large numbers of pastoralist desert campsites. Extensive evidence for Roman and late antique settlement has been found in the coastal hinterland on both sides of the Gulf of Sirte, as well as evidence for indigenous ‘long hut’ settlements along the desert fringe.

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Lebrec, Ulysse, Rosine Riera, Victorien Paumard, Michael J. O'Leary, and Simon C. Lang. "Automatic Mapping and Characterisation of Linear Depositional Bedforms: Theory and Application Using Bathymetry from the North West Shelf of Australia." Remote Sensing 14, no. 2 (January 7, 2022): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14020280.

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Bedforms are key components of Earth surfaces and yet their evaluation typically relies on manual measurements that are challenging to reproduce. Several methods exist to automate their identification and calculate their metrics, but they often exhibit limitations where applied at large scales. This paper presents an innovative workflow for identifying and measuring individual depositional bedforms. The workflow relies on the identification of local minima and maxima that are grouped by neighbourhood analysis and calibrated using curvature. The method was trialed using a synthetic digital elevation model and two bathymetry surveys from Australia’s northwest marine region, resulting in the identification of nearly 2000 bedforms. The comparison of the metrics calculated for each individual feature with manual measurements show differences of less than 10%, indicating the robustness of the workflow. The cross-comparison of the metrics resulted in the definition of several sub-types of bedforms, including sandwaves and palaeoshorelines, that were then correlated with oceanic conditions, further corroborating the validity of the workflow. Results from this study support the idea that the use of automated methods to characterise bedforms should be further developed and that the integration of automated measurements at large scales will support the development of new classification charts that currently rely solely on manual measurements.

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Konfal, Stephanie A., T. J. Wilson, and B. L. Hall. "Palaeoshoreline records of glacial isostatic adjustment in the Dry Valleys region, Antarctica." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 381, no. 1 (2013): 455–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp381.26.

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18

Williams, Mark, and David J. Siveter. "Lithofacies-influenced ostracod associations in the middle Ordovician Bromide Formation, Oklahoma, USA." Journal of Micropalaeontology 15, no. 1 (April 1, 1996): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.15.1.69.

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Abstract. The Bromide Formation of southern Oklahoma was deposited in a linear basin and on the adjoining platform during a marine transgressive-regressive event in the middle Ordovician. The formation displays wide lateral (platform-basin) and vertical (transgressive-regressive) sedimentary facies variation. From the prolific and diverse ostracod fauna present in the Bromide Formation two lithofaeies-related ostracod associations can be defined: a geographically and stratigraphically widespread Anisocyamus Association, occupying subtidally deposited marine sediments: and a Leperditella Association, which is restricted to marginal marine environments. The ostracods of the Bromide Formation demonstrate that the group can be utilized in the Ordovician as a tool to help establish palaeoenvironments and differentiate palaeoshoreline.

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Herrero-Hernández, Antonio, Francisco Javier López-Moro, María Elena Valle-Feijóo, Fernando Gómez-Fernández, and José Ramón Rodríguez-Pérez. "Mapping of tecto-lineaments and their influence on sedimentological processes in a GIS environment: a case study of the Iberian trough, Spain." Geologica Carpathica 68, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geoca-2017-0013.

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Abstract The subsurface sedimentary succession of the Iberian Trough, Spain was examined using geophysical techniques (analogue seismic profiles) and inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation algorithm implemented in a gvGIS open source software. The results showed that the Late Cretaceous succession is divided into two depositional sequences: DS-1 (Late Albian-Middle Turonian) and DS-2 (Late Turonian-Campanian). From the analogical seismic sections, digital data and quantitative isopach maps for DS-1 and DS-2 were obtained. The new isopach maps obtained for the DS-1 sequence showed that the deeper sectors of the basin were located to the northeast and the proximal ones to the southwest. The palaeoshoreline was inferred to be situated in the N 150 direction. Across and parallel to this direction several blocks were delimited by faults, with a direction between 30 N and N 65. The thickness of the sediments in these blocks varied in direction NW-SE, with subsidence and depocentres in hangingwall and uplift in the footwall. These variations may have been related to active synsedimentary faults (e.g., Boñar and Yugueros Faults). In the DS-2 sequence, a lineament separated the smaller thicknesses to the southwest from the larger thicknesses (up to 1400 m) to the northeast. This lineament had an N170 orientation and it indicated the position of the palaeoshoreline. In the isopach map for DS-2 there were two groups of lineaments. The first showed a block structure that was limited by N100-120, they were foundering toward the S and had large thicknesses (depocentres), and rose towards the N, where there were smaller thicknesses. The second group of lineaments had a N 50-65 direction and, in this case, they had a similar interpretation as the one in DS-1. The maps obtained are of great help for geologists and permit better understanding of the geological setting and stratigraphic succession of the Late Cretaceous of the Iberian Trough.

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Penn-Clarke, C. R., and J. N. Theron. "Lithostratigraphy and sedimentology of the Middle Devonian Tra-Tra Formation, including the Grootrivier Member (Bokkeveld Group, Cape Supergroup), South Africa." South African Journal of Geology 123, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 381–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.123.0026.

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Abstract The Tra-Tra Formation is a predominantly argillaceous, shallow marine to paralic sedimentary succession of Eifelian (Middle Devonian) age within the Bokkeveld Group (Cape Supergroup) that crops out extensively within the Cape Fold Belt of South Africa. It comprises three discrete lithofacies associations (termed E-G) which are interpreted as deposits of channelised tidal flat-lagoons, transgressive beach-barriers and wave-influenced prodeltas to distal delta-fronts. They accumulated within a series of incised coastal-plain valley-fill system along the palaeoshoreline of the Cape Basin following a protracted forced regressive phase during sedimentation of the underlying Hex River Formation. A discrete, geographically-extensive, 25 to 30 m thick, single or double, positive-weathering tabular sandstone within the Tra-Tra Formation is recognised herein as the Grootrivier Member. Palaeontologically, the Tra-Tra Formation comprises a restricted fauna of Malvinokaffric Realm invertebrates, fish and plant fossils that are of biostratigraphic importance in inferring its Eifelian age.

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Smith, Tam, and Ian J. McNiven. "Aboriginal marine subsistence foraging flexibility in a dynamic estuarine environment: The late development of Tin Can Inlet (southeast Queensland) middens revisited." Queensland Archaeological Research 22 (January 16, 2019): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.22.2019.3670.

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Although the sea arrived in southeast Queensland around 8000 years ago, most estuarine middens date to the past 1000 years. An example is midden deposits dating to the past 400 years forming the upper levels of Sites 62 and 75b from Tin Can Inlet located immediately south of the Fraser Island (K’gari) World Heritage Area. Both sites were excavated and analysed in the 1980s. This paper revisits these results following a detailed re-analysis of midden materials and new insights on regional sea level changes. Taking an historical ecology approach, species-specific habitat requirements and associated substrate sediment dynamics help explain similarities and differences between the two midden shell assemblages. Environmental factors and the location of both sites on landforms that formed following sea level fall over the past 2000 years help explain why the basal levels of both sites are probably <1000–1500 years old. Documenting pre-2000-year-old Aboriginal use of Tin Can Inlet will need to target more elevated inland dune deposits (>5m ASL) fronting the mid-Holocene sea level highstand palaeoshoreline.

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Riddick, Nicholas L., Joseph I. Boyce, Gillian M. Krezoski, Vasıf Şahoğlu, Hayat Erkanal, İrfan Tuğcu, Yeşim Alkan, Jeremy J. Gabriel, Eduard G. Reinhardt, and Beverly N. Goodman-Tchernov. "Palaeoshoreline reconstruction and underwater archaeological potential of Liman Tepe: A long-occupied coastal prehistoric settlement in western Anatolia, Turkey." Quaternary Science Reviews 276 (January 2022): 107293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107293.

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Maurizot, P., J. Collot, D. Cluzel, and M. Patriat. "Chapter 6 The Loyalty Islands and Ridge, New Caledonia." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 51, no. 1 (2020): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m51-2017-24.

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AbstractThe Loyalty Ridge lies to the east and NE of the Norfolk Ridge. The three main Loyalty Islands (Maré, Lifou and Ouvéa) emerge from the ridge at the same latitude as Grande Terre. The islands are uniformly composed of carbonate deposits, except for Maré, where Middle Miocene intra-plate basalts and associated volcaniclastic rocks form restricted outcrops. Miocene rhodolith limestones constitute the bulk of the carbonate cover of the three islands. On Maré, these platform accumulations are locally topped by a dolomitic hardground, which, in turn, is covered by Pliocene–Pleistocene coral-bearing formations. These coral reef constructions are preserved as elevated rims over all three islands and define an atoll stage in their development. The Pleistocene–Holocene palaeoshoreline indicators include fringing bioconstructions and marine notches and record both eustatic sea-level changes and tectonic deformation. The ridge has been in the forebulge region in front of the active Vanuatu subduction zone since the Pliocene and each of the three islands has been uplifted and tilted to varying degrees. Offshore, the Loyalty Ridge continues northwards to the d'Entrecasteaux Zone and southwards to the Three Kings Ridge. Although typically volcanic, the nature of the deep Loyalty Ridge remains unknown.

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Raef, A. E., F. Mattern, C. Philip, and M. W. Totten. "3D seismic attributes and well-log facies analysis for prospect identification and evaluation: Interpreted palaeoshoreline implications, Weirman Field, Kansas, USA." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 133 (September 2015): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2015.04.028.

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Hashim, Abdul Hadi, Habibah Jamil, and Ramlan Omar. "Facies And Biofacies Of The Late Quaternary Deposits At West Johor, Malaysia: Indicators For Sea-Level Changes, Palaeoshoreline, And Palaeonvironment." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 74, no. 1 (November 30, 2022): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm74202206.

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In this study, sedimentological and foraminiferal analyses were conducted on two borehole samples (BH1 = 42 m and BH2 = 39 m) at Pontian in west Johor, Peninsular Malaysia. The sedimentological description established ten facies (A to J). They comprised three associations and two sedimentary environments (i.e., estuary and delta plain). The foraminiferal analysis identified four distinct biofacies through similarity plots of taxonomic compositions and their respective groups for each borehole. Each group was designated as Biofacies Ia to Id for BH1 and IIa to IId for BH2. The deposition began with the formation of a small tidal-dominated estuarine basin in the flooded palaeovalley and the subsequent development of a peat-forming estuarine channel that resulted from the flooding of a supratidal zone. Relative sea-level changes were assumed localised to a basin scale. The maximum limit of tidal influence was benchmarked using a mangrove classification for a terrestrial boundary. Based on the foraminiferal analysis, this study identified a few episodes of flooding events, implying the occurrence of several migrations of the paleoshoreline throughout the sequence that traced the configuration of the maximum paleoshoreline.

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Roberts, G. P., M. Meschis, S. Houghton, C. Underwood, and R. M. Briant. "The implications of revised Quaternary palaeoshoreline chronologies for the rates of active extension and uplift in the upper plate of subduction zones." Quaternary Science Reviews 78 (October 2013): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.08.006.

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Łuczyński, Piotr, Stanisław skompski, and Wojciech Kozłowski. "Stromatoporoid Beds and Flat-Pebble Conglomerates Interpreted as Tsunami Deposits in the Upper Silurian of Podolia, Ukraine." Acta Geologica Polonica 64, no. 3 (December 10, 2014): 261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agp-2014-0014.

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Abstract Tsunami deposits are currently a subject of intensive studies. Tsunamis must have occurred in the geological past in the same frequency as nowadays, yet their identified depositional record is surprisingly scarce. Here we describe a hitherto unrecognized example of probable palaeotsunamites. The Upper Silurian (Pridoli) carbonate succession of Podolia (southwestern Ukraine) contains variously devel-oped event beds forming intercalations within peritidal deposits (shallow water limestones, nodular marls and dolomites). The event beds are represented by stromatoporoid and fine-grained bioclastic limestones, in some places accompanied by flat-pebble conglomerates. The interval with event beds can be traced along the Zbruch River in separate outcrops over a distance of more than 20 km along a transect oblique to the palaeoshoreline. The stro-matoporoid beds have erosional bottom surfaces and are composed of overturned and often fragmented massive skele-tons. The material has been transported landward from their offshore habitats and deposited in lagoonal settings. The flat-pebble conglomerates are composed of sub-angular micritic clasts that are lithologically identical to the sediments forming the underlying beds. Large-scale landward transport of the biogenic material has to be attributed to phenomena with very high energy levels, such as tropical hurricanes or tsunamis. This paper presents a tsunamigenic interpretation. Morphome-tric features of redeposited stromatoporoids point to a calm original growth environment at depths well below storm wave base. Tsunami waves are the most probable factor that could cause their redeposition from such a setting. The vastness of the area covered by parabiostromal stromatoporoid beds resembles the distribution of modern tsunami deposits in offshore settings. The stromatoporoid beds with unsorted stromatoporoids of various dimensions evenly distributed throughout the thickness of the beds and with clast-supported textures most probably represent deposition by traction. In some sections, the stromatoporoids are restricted to the lowermost parts of the beds, which pass upwards into bioclastic limestones. In this case, the finer material was deposited from suspension. The coexistence of stromatoporoid beds and flat-pebble conglomerates also allows presenting a tsunami interpretation of the latter. The propagating tsunami waves, led to erosion of partly lithified thin-layered mudstones, their fragmentation into flat clasts and redeposition as flat-pebble conglomerates.

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Powell, John H., Abdulkader M. Abed, and Yves-Michel Le Nindre. "Cambrian stratigraphy of Jordan." GeoArabia 19, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 81–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia190381.

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ABSTRACT The lower and middle Cambrian succession (Ram Group) in Jordan is described in lexicon-style format to document an important phase of Earth history following the uplift and erosion of the Arabian-Nubian Shield (Aqaba Complex) during the late Neoproterozoic, and younger, but more localised, intrusive and volcanic/volcaniclastic activity that formed the Araba Complex. The early Cambrian Ram Unconformity (ca. 530 Ma) marks the base of a predominantly fluvial siliciclastic succession derived from rapidly eroding Neoproterozoic (including Ediacaran) basement rocks, but includes a brief, but biostratigraphically significant, sequence of marine siliciclastics and carbonates, the early mid-Cambrian Burj Formation. Rapid uplift and erosion of the granitoid basement (Arabian-Nubian Shield or ANS) resulted in a peneplanation of the Aqaba Complex over millions of years duration (latest Neoproterozoic to Cambrian) in the Southern Desert of Jordan. Early Cambrian pebbly sandstones and locally derived conglomerates (Salib Formation) were deposited on an alluvial plain by high velocity-high discharge, northward flowing (NNE to NNW) braided rivers, characterised by trough cross-bedding and erosive tabular sets. Brief, and rare, marine influence is represented, locally, by thin Skolithos-burrowed sandstones. A regional sea-level rise in the early mid-Cambrian marks a major marine transgressive-regressive cycle and southward thinning carbonate-siliciclastic wedge (Burj Formation) widely present in the subsurface across the Arabian Platform. During deposition of this transgressive marine sequence the palaeoshoreline was oriented WNW-ESE in southern Jordan. The transgressive phase (TST) is represented by tidal-dominated siltstones and fine-grained sandstones (Tayan Member) containing a diverse Cruziana/Rusophycus ichnofaunal assemblage. The overlying carbonate unit (Numayri Member) represents the highstand (HST) and maximum marine flooding surface (MFS), and comprises a carbonate ramp sequence of shelly wackestone, packstone and grainstone with ooids and oncolites, and a diverse shelly fauna including trilobites, brachiopods and hyolithids. A return to regressive tidal-influenced sandstone and siltstone (along with thin carbonates in central Jordan) (Hanneh Member) represents a regressive wedge (RST) deposited in response to renewed uplift of the ANS. Trilobites, represented by the Kingaspis campbelli and Redlichops faunules, suggest a biostratigraphical age of early mid-Cambrian for the carbonate MFS, which equates approximately to the base of the Cambrian Series 3 (Stage 5). This event probably represents the Cambrian marine flooding surface Cm20 (approximate geochronological age of 509 to 505 Ma). South of Feinan, in the Wadi Araba, the carbonates pass laterally to marine sandstone (Abu Khusheiba Sandstone) with extensive Skolithos burrows and Cruziana/Rusophycus traces. Traced southwards (palaeohinterland) the marine influence diminishes, so that the Burj/Abu Khusheiba units are absent in the Southern Desert. Ediacaran intrusives, together with extrusive volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks (Araba Complex) are associated with rifting and half-graben formation in the Feinan-Petra area. This later tectonic activity produced a younger (Ediacaran to early Cambrian), immature palaeotopography, in marked contrast to the Neoproterozoic Aqaba Complex peneplain in the Southern Desert. Consequently, early and mid-Cambrian fluvial and shallow-marine siliciclastics (Salib and Abu Khusheiba formations) onlap progressively onto this immature palaeotopography that was subsequently buried by mid-Cambrian time. Increased basinal subsidence to the north of the Araba Complex ‘high’ provided increased accommodation space that resulted in the deposition of a thick sandstone succession in north Jordan. The Feinan-Petra region seems to have acted as an east-west hinge-line with greater subsidence of the Arabian Platform to the north; similar thickness trends are seen in the Burj and Umm Ishrin formations. Renewed uplift and erosion of the ANS to the south led to deposition of a thick succession of fluvial-dominated sands, again deposited by large-scale braided rivers (Umm Ishrin Formation). Fluvial sedimentation continued through mid to late Cambrian times and also the Ordovician (Disi and Umm Sahm formations), but episodic shallow-marine or estuarine flooding of the low-gradient alluvial plain resulted in colonisation, locally, by arthropods and annelid worms that produced a diverse and abundant Cruziana/Rusophycus/Planolites assemblage of tentative Floian (Arenig) age (upper Disi Formation). Overall the Cambrian to Ordovician Ram Group siliciclastics (Salib-Umm Ishrin-Disi-Umm Sahm formations) show an upward increase in sand maturity from arkose (Salib) to orthoquartzite (Disi); heavy-mineral signatures (ZTR), specifically datable zircons, indicate provenance from a predominantly distant Neoproterozoic granitoid source rock area located to the south (ANS) that was undergoing intensive weathering. However, a small zircon component was derived from older pre-Neoproterozoic rocks, consistent with the general trend in the Levant. The highly permeable Cambrian siliciclastics of Jordan and surrounding countries provide an important regional aquifer, the Ram (formerly Disi) Aquifer. In a suitable setting these reservoir rocks might have potential for hydrocarbon exploration where source rocks of Neoproterozoic, Silurian or Permian age are faulted and in proximity, at depth, in the central Arabian Platform.

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De Santis, Vincenzo, Giovanni Scardino, Giovanni Scicchitano, Marco Meschis, Paolo Montagna, Edwige Pons-Branchu, José E. Ortiz, Yolanda Sánchez-Palencia, and Massimo Caldara. "Middle-late Pleistocene chronology of palaeoshorelines and uplift history in the low-rising to stable Apulian foreland: Overprinting and reoccupation." Geomorphology, November 2022, 108530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108530.

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Meschis, Marco, Gerald P. Roberts, Jennifer Robertson, Zoe K. Mildon, Diane Sahy, Rajasmita Goswami, Claudia Sgambato, Joanna Faure Walker, Alessandto Maria Michetti, and Francesco Iezzi. "Out of Phase Uplift-Rate Changes During the Quaternary Reveal Normal Fault Interaction, Implied by Deformed Marine Palaeoshorelines, in Southern Italy." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4016967.

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MAKSOUD, SIBELLE, and DANY AZAR. "Hjoula: A remarkable mid-Cenomanian Lebanese fossil fish Lagerstätte now promising also for fossil insects." Palaeoentomology 4, no. 3 (June 29, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.3.8.

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Lebanon is worldwide famous in Palaeontology for its rich Late Cretaceous marine fish deposits in Haqel, Nammoura and Hjoula. Recently, the two latter outcrops yielded surprisingly some complete and none-dislocated fossil insects (Azar et al., 2019; Vršanský & Makhoul, 2013; Nel et al., 2004), indicating a particular depositional marine palaeoenvironment, close to a palaeoshoreline during the mid-Cenomanian.

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Ray, David C., Emilia Jarochowska, Helen E. Hughes, Anna L. Claussen, Arthur C. Tingley, John Moseley, and Oskar Bremer. "The Silurian Transgression of a Palaeoshoreline: The Area between Old Radnor and Presteigne, Welsh Borderlands." Lithosphere 2021, no. 1 (July 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/2021/7866176.

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Abstract Quarries between Old Radnor and Presteigne, Welsh Borderlands, expose a Silurian nearshore succession, which onlaps a rocky palaeotopography of the Neoproterozoic basement that had been uplifted along the Church Stretton Fault Zone. The succession documents the Aeronian to Sheinwoodian transgression of an island or islands, with the following sequence of events: deposition of shallow marine sandstones (Folly Sandstone Formation), regional uplift, preservation of a rocky shoreline and associated deposits (Dolyhir Rudite Member), deposition of limestones characterized by a profusion of coralline algae and the abundant remains of reefs (Dolyhir and Nash Scar Limestone Formation), and finally deposition of trilobitic silty mudstones (basal Coalbrookdale Formation). Facies analysis, carbon isotope (δ13Ccarb) values, sequence stratigraphy, and collections of bryozoans, conodonts, thelodonts, and trilobites have been used here as a means of refining our stratigraphic understanding of this unique succession. The revised stratigraphy demonstrates many similarities with the adjoining Midland Platform and the wider Silurian world. Notable features include the globally recognized early Sheinwoodian carbon isotope excursion and sea-level changes of regional and global extent. As one of the best examples of its kind, the palaeoshoreline and nearshore succession of Old Radnor and Presteigne acts as a depositional model for ancient rocky shores worldwide.

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Herrero-Hernández, Antonio, and Fernando Gómez-Fernández. "Palaeoshoreline for the Late Cretaceous marine platform in the Iberian Trough (Leonese Area, Spain) deduced from outcrop and subsurface analysis." Open Geosciences 4, no. 3 (January 1, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13533-011-0067-6.

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AbstractThe location of the Late Cretaceous paleoshoreline in the Leonese Area (Iberian Trough, Spain) has been investigated by seismic analysis through isobath and isopach maps.The succession can be divided into two depositional sequences: DS-1 and DS-2. These sequences are composed of fluvial systems at the base, with paleocurrents that flowed eastward and north-eastward. The DS-1 sequence (Late Albian-Middle Turonian) shows intertidal to subtidal and offshore deposits at the top, while the DS-2 sequence (Late Turonian-Campanian) presents intertidal to subtidal, tidal flat and shallow marine and lacustrine deposits at its top.The stratigraphic cyclicity based on systems tracts shows that these two depositional sequences exhibit remarkable eustatic control. Both sequences start at the base with a significant sedimentary supply from fluvial systems, related to eustatic fall episodes, and conclude at the top with transgressive periods. The evolution of the basin reveals the history of base-level changes and associated shifts in depositional trends during successive stages.The deeper sectors of the DS-1 sequence are located towards the northeastern part of the study area while the proximal portion of the basin-margin is located to the southwest. The paleoshoreline is placed in a direction oriented at 120. The variations in thickness are elongated in orientations between 030 and 050 and are mainly related to paleovalleys and tributary fluvial networks that supply sediment through the shoreline. It is possible that these variations may be related to active synsedimentary faults.Depocenters move toward the northeast and east during the DS-2 sequence while the proximal portion of the basin-margin moves to the southwest. The paleoshoreline has an orientation of 155 direction and moves basinward. The isopach maps show a group of corridors oriented at 130–140 and 165–170, interpreted as result of accumulation of sandy bodies such as inter and subtidal bars. The fluvial systems are transversal to the paleoshoreline direction.

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Abdullah, H. G., R. E. L. Collier, and N. P. Mountney. "The palaeoshoreline of Early Miocene formations (Euphrates and Jeribe) at the periphery of the Zagros Foreland Basin, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan Region, NE Iraq." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 12, no. 18 (September 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-4716-2.

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Abstract A sedimentological investigation of the Early Miocene deposits at the periphery of the Zagros Foreland Basin, Kurdistan Region, around Qishlagh-Sargrma and Darbandikhan, reveals the presence of the Euphrates and Jeribe Formations in this area. A carbonate-dominated unit, comprising four regressive carbonate cycles, at the base of the Fatha Formation, has been investigated to characterize the depositional environments and stratigraphic context of these Early Miocene deposits. Outcrop and thin-section analyses of the carbonate succession reveal a gently inclined, carbonate-dominated ramp based on the depositional lithofacies and microfacies. Eight carbonate microfacies were identified and interpreted to have been deposited in a shallow marine environment. The Euphrates Formation passes up from deposits of restricted lagoon to shoal depositional environments, while the Jeribe Formation was deposited in a hypersaline lagoon to a restricted lagoon. The Early Miocene index fossil Borelis melo melo was identified in the deposits of the Euphrates Formation. Stratigraphic correlation of the studied sections allows the development of a revised palaeogeography for the Early Miocene deposits in the Kurdistan Region.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Palaeoshorelines'

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