Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pakistanis – Europe

Academic literature on the topic 'Pakistanis – Europe'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pakistanis – Europe"

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Ramadan, Hawraman, Chris Patterson, Stuart Maguire, Ian Melvin, Kirti Kain, Elizabeth Teale, and Anne Forster. "Incidence of first stroke and ethnic differences in stroke pattern in Bradford, UK: Bradford Stroke Study." International Journal of Stroke 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747493017743052.

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Background Information on ethnic disparities in stroke between White and Pakistani population in Europe is scarce. Bradford District has the largest proportion of Pakistani people in England; this provides a unique opportunity to study the difference in stroke between the two major ethnic groups. Aim To determine the first-ever-stroke incidence and examine the disparities in stroke patterns between Whites and Pakistanis in Bradford. Methods Prospective 12 months study consisting of 273,327 adults (≥18 years) residents. Stroke cases were identified by multiple overlapping approaches. Results In the study period, 541 first-ever-strokes were recorded. The crude incidence rate was 198 per 100,000 person-years. Age adjusted-standardized rate to the World Health Organization world population of first-ever-stroke is 155 and 101 per 100,000 person-years in Pakistanis and Whites respectively. Four hundred and thirty-eight patients (81%) were Whites, 83 (15.3%) were Pakistanis, 11 (2%) were Indian and Bangladeshis, and 9 (1.7%) were of other ethnic origin. Pakistanis were significantly younger and had more obesity ( p = 0.049), and diabetes mellitus (DM) ( p = <0.001). They were less likely to suffer from atrial fibrillation ( p = <0.001), be ex- or current smokers ( p = <0.001), and drink alcohol above the recommended level ( p = 0.007) compared with Whites. In comparison with Whites, higher rates of age-adjusted stroke (1.5-fold), lacunar infarction (threefold), and ischemic infarction due to large artery disease (twofold) were found in the Pakistanis. Conclusions The incidence of first-ever-stroke is higher in the Pakistanis compared with the Whites in Bradford, UK. Etiology and vascular risk factors vary between the ethnic groups. This information should be considered when investigating stroke etiology, and when planning prevention and care provision to improve outcomes after stroke.
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Jasch, Hans-Christian. "State-Dialogue with Muslim Communities in Italy and Germany - The Political Context and the Legal Frameworks for Dialogue with Islamic Faith Communities in Both Countries." German Law Journal 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2007): 341–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200005642.

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Estimates of the number of Muslims in EU Member States vary widely, depending on the methodology and definitions used and the geographical limits imposed. Excluding Turkey and the Balkan-regions, researchers estimate that as many as 13 to 20 million Muslims live in the EU: That is about 3.5 - 4% of the total EU population. Muslims are the largest religious minority in Europe, and Islam is the continent's fastest growing religion. Substantial Muslim populations exist especially in Western European countries, including France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and the Scandinavian Countries. Europe's Muslim populations are ethnically diverse and Muslim immigrants in Europe hail from a variety of Middle Eastern, African, and Asian countries, as well as Turkey. Most Muslim communities have their roots in Western Europe's colonial heritage and immigration policies of the 1950s and 1960s used to counter labor shortages during the period of reconstruction after World War II. These policies attracted large numbers of North Africans, Turks, and Pakistanis. Furthermore, in recent years, there have been influxes of Muslim migrants and political refugees from other regions and countries, including the Balkans, Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia, and the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
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Hjarnø, Jan. "Indvandrere som selverhvervende - en sammenlignende analyse af udbredelsen af selverhverv hos danske pakistanere, tyrkere og eksjugoslavere." Dansk Sociologi 11, no. 3 (August 22, 2006): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v11i3.621.

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Immigrants as small businessmen: a comparative analysis of the extent of selfemployment among Danish Pakistanis, Turks and ex-Yugoslavs. There has been an increase in the number of immigrants having their own businesses in Western Europe and North America. There are variations in the proportion of self-employed among the different ethnic groups, even with the same length of residence in the new country. It is assumed that these differences may be caused by differences in the social and cultural background of the immigrants.The lifestyle hypothesis of the Danish ethnologist Thomas Hoerup and Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of habitus are employed in an analysis of self-employment among migrants from Pakistan, Turkey and former Yugoslavia to Denmark. These three groups arrived in Denmark about the same time in the late 1960s. Migrants from Pakistan and Turkey have been very active as entrepreneurs, while only a small number of the migrants from the ex- Yugoslavia have become self-employed. The majority of the members of the first two ethnic groups came from small rural communities of self-employed farmers, while the majority of the migrants from the former Yugoslavia were skilled and semiskilled industrial wage earners, who were brought up in families with a tradition of wage work. The analysis indicates that the lifestyle/habitus that the migrants bring with them from the country of origin plays an important role in determining whether or not they will consider self-employment or look for waged work.
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Kapur, S. Paul. "India and Pakistan's Unstable Peace: Why Nuclear South Asia Is Not Like Cold War Europe." International Security 30, no. 2 (October 2005): 127–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/016228805775124570.

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Scholars attribute conventional violence in a nuclear South Asia to a phenomenon known as the “stability/instability paradox.” According to this paradox, the risk of nuclear war makes it unlikely that conventional confict will escalate to the nuclear level, thereby making conventional confict more likely. Although this phenomenon encouraged U.S.-Soviet violence during the Cold War, it does not explain the dynamics of the ongoing confict between India and Pakistan. Recent violence has seen Pakistan or its proxies launching limited attacks on Indian territory, and India refusing to retaliate in kind. The stability/instability paradox would not predict such behavior. A low probability of conventional war escalating to the nuclear level would reduce the ability of Pakistan's nuclear weapons to deter an Indian conventional attack. Because Pakistan is conventionally weaker than India, this would discourage Pakistani aggression and encourage robust Indian conventional retaliation against Pakistani provocations. Pakistani boldness and Indian restraint have actually resulted from instability in the strategic environment. A full-scale Indo-Pakistani conventional confict would create a significant risk of nuclear escalation. This danger enables Pakistan to launch limited attacks on India while deterring allout Indian conventional retaliation and attracting international attention to the two countries' dispute over Kashmir. Unlike in Cold War Europe, in contemporary South Asia nuclear danger facilitates, rather than impedes, conventional confict.
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COY, STEVEN P., MARGARET F. SHIPLEY, KHURSHEED OMER, and RAO NISAR A. KHAN. "FACTORS CONTRIBUTORY TO SUCCESS: A STUDY OF PAKISTAN'S SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 12, no. 02 (June 2007): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946707000617.

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Small business and entrepreneurship have been at the heart of Pakistan's economy for almost 60 years, yet little (if any) research has been conducted that identifies factors crucial for small business success in Pakistan. In the past, studies identifying factors crucial for small business success have focused primarily on the United States and Western Europe. This paper presents survey results from 265 small business owners located in and around Karachi, the largest city and hub of economic activity in Pakistan. The survey was designed to identify the internal and external factors that Pakistani small businesspersons believe are critical for success.
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Khan, Irfan Hussain, Shumaila Hashim, and Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen. "Foreign influence on Pakistan's exports and imports Evidence from Pakistan." Review of Economics and Development Studies 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/reads.v2i2.129.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the Pakistani currency phase action on exports and imports. Two time series data base year and quarterly basic research use. Starting from the 1970 annual data for about 40 years, beginning with the beginning of 2000 to 2012 quarterly data. Johnson estimates quarterly observations using common integration techniques. In the current study results show that Pakistan first began trading volume for the US and developed countries, the UK and Europe. As a combination of export and import time Pakistan has improved. Production and manufacture of semi-finished goods and primary product alternatives, while the import of consumer goods, capital goods and petroleum products expanded. Due to low-cost elasticity of the export and import activity of the exchange of theoretical background reaction support. On the other hand, if the value of the rupees fell against the dollar, the import costs rose more than the export bills. In support of this study, Pakistan should focus on a small number of countries to reduce trade and expand trade. Similarly, on the basis of the goods may add some other goods.
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Razaq, Abdul, Sobia Ilyas, and Abdul Nasir Khalid. "Molecular and Phenotypic Descriptions of Cystodermella cinnabarina from Western Himalaya: A New Genus for Pakistan." Journal of Mycology 2013 (December 22, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/793124.

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Cystodermella cinnabarina is reported here for the first time from the moist temperate forests of western Himalaya and is the first collection of a Cystodermella from Pakistan. This species is redescribed here using morphological and molecular data. The phylogenetic analysis which is based on internal transcribed spacers (ITS) showed that the Pakistani collection clustered distinctly with similar European sequences in the Cystodermella clade. The Italian and north European sequences of this species clustered in two separate subclades and the Pakistani sequences closely matched the Italian sequences. It is evident that the Pakistani population has a very close evolutionary affinity with the Italian individuals rather than those from northern Europe. The species is distributed in Europe, in North America, and now in the western Himalaya of Asia.
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Fatima, Syeda Aiman, and Sadia Jabeen. "SOCIO-CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS ISSUES FACED BY PAKISTANI MIGRANTS IN SPAIN." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 05, no. 01 (March 31, 2023): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v5i01.998.

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The study focuses on the socio-cultural and religious issues faced by Pakistani migrants living in Spain. The main research objectives were to explore the initial; issues faced by migrants in Spain, the socio-cultural and religious challenges faced by Pakistani migrants in Spain and the way Pakistani migrant ensure their own cultural identity. The qualitative research design based on an interpretive school of thought was used. By using purposive sampling method, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 Pakistani migrants. With the help of thematic analysis, the data was analyzed. Some major themes derive from analysis were socioeconomic issue a prime reason of migration, language a big barrier in settling down to the community, residential issues faced by Pakistani migrants in Spain, religious bias and discrimination towards Pakistani migrants, social bias and cultural issues faced by Pakistani children at school. The study concluded that Pakistani migrants face socio-cultural and religious discrimination and were in a struggle to maintain their own cultural identity. Keywords: Migration, Europe and Spain, Pakistani Migrants, Socio-cultural and religious challenges, language barriers, Culture differences, Living style.
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Naseer, Arooj, Isaac Garrido-Benavent, Junaid Khan, Josep Ballarà, Rafael Mahiques, Abdul Nasir Khalid, and Hassan Sher. "Cortinarius pakistanicus and C. pseudotorvus: two new species in oak forests in the Pakistan Himalayas." MycoKeys 74 (October 30, 2020): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.74.49734.

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The genus of basidiomycetous fungiCortinarius occurs worldwide, from subtropical to boreal latitudes. Although molecular systematics has triggered the study of these fungi in the Americas and Europe in the last two decades, there is still limited research on its diversity in large portions of the planet, such as the high mountain ranges of Asia. Several collections of Cortinarius were made during mycological field trips conducted between 2014 and 2018 in pure oak forests in the Pakistan Himalayas. An integrative framework combining morphological and phylogenetic data was employed for their study. As a result, the two species C. pakistanicus and C. pseudotorvus are here described as new to science. Detailed macro- and micro-morphological descriptions, including SEM images of spores, and a molecular phylogenetic reconstruction based on nrITS sequence data are provided and used to discriminate the new species from morphologically and phylogenetically close taxa. Whereas our phylogenetic tree inference gave unequivocal support for the inclusion of C. pseudotorvus within C. sect. Telamonia, the assignment of C. pakistanicus to any known sections remained elusive. These species likely establish ectomycorrhizal associations with trees in the genus Quercus, making this type of forest in the Pakistan Himalayas a promising focus for future research on the diversity of Cortinarius.
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Musthafa, M. M., T. Hussain, M. E. Babar, R. S. Aljumaah, M. A. Alshaikh, I. Muritala, V. Landi, et al. "Usability of metadata analysis of goat genetic resources among five countries from Africa, Asia and Europe: Metadata analysis of goat genetic." Agricultural Science and Technology 10, no. 3 (2018): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/10.15547/ast.2018.03.035.

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Abstract. Goats play a variety of roles all around the globe due to their capability to acclimatize different environmental conditions quite quickly since they have been regarded as one of the first sets of animals domesticated by the human. Even though domestic goats harbor precious genetic materials, research funding among developing countries is a major drawback for thorough study on them. Therefore, microsatellite markers seem to be affordable and informative. Genotypic data from different goat breeds across five countries (Nigeria, South Africa, Pakistan, France and Spain) was generated using eleven microsatellite markers for a comparative study in order to evaluate the usefulness of the available data for genetic characterization and identify the shortcomings of meta-analyses for combined data. The mean number of alleles (MNA) per population range from 6.44±2.83 alleles for Spanish to 10.25±0.96 for Pakistani goats, with an overall mean of 13.55±7.28. Observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranges from 0.61±0.02 to 0.83±0.01 for Spanish goats and Pakistani goats, respectively with an overall mean of 0.65. Ho of the markers used ranged from 0.569 (INRA5) to 0.793 (MM12). Highest and least polymorphic information content (PIC) was observed in loci MM12 (0.925) and MAF209 (0.489), respectively. All the populations showed significant change from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05) indicating a low level of inbreeding. The genetic distance of each country’s goat populations ranged from 0.151 to 4.245. The highest genetic distance (4.245) was observed between Spanish and Pakistani goats while the lowest were observed between Spanish and French goats. Spanish and French goats are from a common ancestor while South African, Nigerian and Pakistani goats came from another ancestor or cluster. A lot of genetic admixture in the Nigerian ecotypes has been observed whereas France and Saudi Arabian breeds have been subjected to high amount of selection pressure.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pakistanis – Europe"

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Wisløff, Cathrine. "Utdanningsambisjoner blant norskpakistanere : hvordan virker sosial bakgrunn inn? /." Oslo : Institutt for sosiologi og samfunnsgeografi, Universitetet i Oslo, 2008. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/iss/2008/86982/Wisloff.pdf.

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Shah, Shagufta Parveen. "Er pakistanske innvandrerkvinner lite integrert i det norske samfunnet? : en kvalitativ studie /." Oslo : Institutt for kulturstudier og orientalske språk, Universitetet i Oslo, 2008. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/IKOS/2008/86495/2MASTEROPPGAVExkorrekturlestxavxTovexxryddetxavxFerozxogxrettetxavxSaraxigjen.pdf.

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Feixas, Vihé Montserrat. "Migration Movements between Pakistan and South Western Europe: Pakistani migratory networks in Catalonia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5529.

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Entre les moltes comunitats migratòries existents al món, aquesta tesi doctoral estudia fonamentalment la comunitat dels ciutadans i ciutadanes pakistanesos que viuen a Catalunya, i també sobre les xarxes que han establert per consolidar i expandir la seva presència.
Aquesta tesi a més a més, estudia la situació de les famílies i de les comunitats d'origen al Pakistan per entendre millor els processos que han conduit cap a aquest fenomen migratori, la situació actual de la població pakistanesa a Catalunya, l'impacte de la migració en les famílies dels migrants al Pakistan i les perspectives a curt i mitjà termini d'aquest moviment de població.
La comunitat pakistanesa a Catalunya presenta un cas d'estudi interessant, no pel fet migratori en sí mateix, sinó perquè aquest moviment migratori té lloc sense que existissin lligams culturals, històrics i lingüístics previs entre el Pakistan i Catalunya, i perquè l'expansió ha estat molt ràpida en aquests darrers anys.
Un segon objectiu d'aquesta tesi és donar veu als participants en el projecte d'investigació i, a través d'ells, a la comunitat pakistanesa a Catalunya i a les seves famílies i comunitats d'origen.
Durant la segona meitat del segle vint, es van desenvolupar vàries teories, models i sistemes per intentar explicar la migració internacional. La realitat social i econòmica de la població pakistanesa a Catalunya i de les seves famílies en el Pakistan però, no s'hi ajusta gaire. Ara bé, totes elles contenen elements que poden ajudar a la comprensió del fenomen migratori i per tant convé considerar-les com un conjunt d'instruments que ajuden a capturar (no és incorrecta però la trobo un pèl forçada: copsar? captar? comprendre? ) una realitat complexa i constantment canviant.
La investigació ha permès de concloure que l'emigració pakistanesa a Catalunya està fonamentada en el diferencial econòmic entre els dos països, un diferencial que compensa els costos de la migració. La gran majoria de la població pakistanesa a Catalunya hi tenien una "àncora" abans de venir. L' origen comú de molts d'ells indica l'existència de xarxes migratòries basades en la relació familiar i/o social.
L'objectiu principal dels migrants és poder oferir una vida millor a les famílies, un objectiu a mitjà i llarg termini, atès que l'objectiu inicial consisteix en recuperar la inversió que suposa per a cada família enviar un dels seus a Catalunya. Facilitar l'arribada de nous immigrants no sembla ser un objectiu, sinó que és un fet que succeeix sense que es busqui.
Catalunya no és pas la destinació preferida dels migrants. La seva arribada és més aviat el resultat d'una curosa anàlisi cost/benefici en el sentit que Catalunya constitueix una destinació "fàcil" i "bé de preu".
En resum, es pot dir que la migració pakistanesa a Catalunya continuarà augmentant en els propers anys amb l'arribada principalment d'homes, però també de dones i nens i nenes, sempre i quan les condicions econòmiques i polítiques continuïn més o menys igual. Aquest creixement farà que els enclavaments pakistanesos a la ciutat de Barcelona s'enforteixin. Alhora, sorgiran altres enclavaments a la mateixa ciutat i a la zona metropolitana, i possiblement també a Girona i Tarragona, i més tard a Lleida. Aquests enclavaments funcionaran com un pol d'atracció per a nous migrants pakistanesos.
És molt possible que, seguint el model de migració pakistanesa a altres països europeus, els migrants pakistanesos s'esforcin per integrar-se en el món econòmic, però només els individus amb un nivell educatiu alt estaran disposats a desenvolupar lligams culturals i socials amb els catalans. La majoria de la població pakistanesa preferirà viure al marge de la societat catalana.
Tot i que molts voldrien tornar al Pakistan, és probable que la majoria romangui a Catalunya definitivament i amb la seva presència contribueixi a l'expansió continuada del moviment migratori pakistanès a traves de l'enfortiment de les xarxes migratòries i dels enclavaments pakistanesos.
Among the many migrant communities in the world, this doctoral dissertation focuses on the Pakistani community in Catalonia and the networks they have established to consolidate and expand their presence there.
In addition, this thesis studies the situation of families and the communities of origin in Pakistan to try to understand the processes that have led to this migratory phenomenon, the present situation of the Pakistani population in Catalonia, the impact of migration on their families in Pakistan, and the short and medium term prospects for this migratory movement.
The Pakistani community in Catalonia presents an interesting case study not because of the migratory movement itself, rather because the movement takes place in the absence of cultural, historical or linguistic links between Pakistan and Catalonia, and because of its fast expansion. A second objective is to give voice to the participants in the research and through them, to the Pakistani community in Catalonia and their families and communities of origin.
During the second half of the 20th century, many theories, models and systems were developed to try to explain international migration. However these theories fail to explain the social and economic reality of the Pakistani population in Catalonia and their families in Pakistan. Nonetheless, they may help understand the migratory phenomenon, and therefore they may be used as a set of instruments that help capture a complex and constantly changing reality.
The research shows that Pakistanis migrate to Catalonia prompted by the economic differential between the two countries and the perceived low risks/costs attached to it. The great majority of Pakistanis in Catalonia had an anchor before proceeding, be it a friend, a relative or even an acquaintance, that was crucial in facilitating their arrival and initial introduction. The common geographical origin of most of them shows the existence of migratory networks based on family and social relations.
The overall objective is to provide more and better for their families. But this is a medium or long term objective. Initially most of them need to recoup their or their family's initial investment to send them abroad, and only afterwards they can start saving for their families. Facilitating the arrival of other migrants is not an objective per se, bur rather an unintended effect.
Catalonia is not the migrants' preferred destination. The research findings indicate that the choice was made on the basis of a cost benefit analysis, i.e. they selected the destination which was the least costly and which brought the greatest benefits in the short term.
In summary, in the coming years Pakistani migration to Catalonia will continue and will probably grow exponentially through the arrival of mostly men, but also women and children, as long as economic and political conditions remain the same, or experience only minor variations. This growth will lead to the strengthening of existing Pakistani enclaves in Barcelona city, and the emergence of new ones in Barcelona and in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, and to a lesser degree in Girona, Tarragona and eventually Lleida. These enclaves will function as a pull factor attracting many more Pakistanis to Catalonia.
Based on the research findings and the experience of Pakistani migratory movements to other European destinations, Pakistani immigrants are likely to remain separate from the local population. Their desire to integrate will focus on the economic sphere, and only a few, better educated individuals, will be ready to establish and develop cultural and social links with the Catalan society. There is likely to be a strong resistance to adopt any mores of the host society and particularly to merge with it.
Despite their longing for Pakistan and Pakistani society, the majority of them will remain in Catalonia and will settle here, thus sustaining the Pakistani migratory movement and contributing to its expansion through the strengthening of existing enclaves and the emergence of new ones.
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Østberg, Sissel. "Pakistani children in Oslo : Islamic nurture in a secular context." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1137/.

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The subject matter of this thesis - Islamic nurture of Pakistani children in Oslo - provides a new departure for studies of ethnic minorities in Norway. The study distinguishes itself from related research by focusing on Islam as part of general enculturisation and socialisation processes, with special regard to the social arenas of home, school and mosque. The main research questions of the thesis are: 1. How is religious and cultural tradition transmitted from parents and other 'significant others' to children among Pakistanis in Oslo? 2. What role does Islam have in the lives of children, with regard to meaning and social belonging? The first research question contains two complex theoretical fields: a) The relationship between culture and religion seen both as aspects within Islam and in terms of the relationship between Islam and Pakistani cultural elements, and b) the transmission process, focusing on both formal educational elements and informal socialisation. Based on one year's field work, theories of Islamic nurture in a non-Islamic, secular late-modem society, especially related to the establishment, maintenance and negotiation of identity, have been generated. The thesis contests the view that regards Islam or Pakistani or Norwegian culture as coherent static systems. It also contests views that regard children exclusively as objects or victims of external processes or pressure or present children of immigrant background or children belonging to religious minorities, as doomed to fall `between cultures'. Norwegian Pakistani children's cultural identity does not only change over time, but it is a contextual identity. The children develop what in this thesis is called integrated plural identities; i. e. they convey a broad cultural competence and a capability of cultural code switching without necessarily experiencing personal conflicts of values.
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Ahmad, Saghir. "Legal protection for computer programmes in EU, US and Pakistan : software piracy as a challenge in Pakistan /." Oslo : Faculty of Law, Universitetet i Oslo, 2008. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/jus/2008/87514/87514.pdf.

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Waheed, Waquas. "Prevalence and persistence of depression in Pakistani and white European in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549069.

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Mirza, Zehra. "Examining heterosocial and social anxiety in pakistani american and european american women a comparative analysis." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/884.

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Also, a lower level of heterosocial anxiety was found to be negatively correlated with assimilation to U.S culture, which may have attributed to less heterosocial iv anxiety was found to be negatively correlated with assimilation to U.S culture, which may have attributed to less heterosocial anxiety in Pakistani women.; This present study will examine the psychopathology of Pakistani American females through the context of cultural means. Research in the past has shown that Asian Americans report higher levels of distress as well as higher levels of anxiety relative to their European American counterparts. Thus, social anxiety may manifest itself differently among Asian Americans because of the cultural and ethnic variations in psychopathology. This study will aim to examine cultural differences in social anxiety because it may help explain the etiology of social as well as heterosocial anxiety and facilitate in forming better diagnostic assessments, scales and treatments for non-mainstream cultural groups such as Pakistanis and potentially other South Asian groups living in the United States. Additionally, Pakistani women have limited interactions with the opposite sex because of the religious and cultural background that emphasizes modesty and arranged marriage. Medical research suggests that Muslim women of Asian backgrounds, have requested female health care service providers rather than male providers. Given the cultural and sociological influences that impact psychopathology, it was hypothesized that Pakistani American women will report more heterosocial anxiety than European American women and that their heterosocial anxiety will be related to parental influence on mate choice and American acculturation. Results indicated that European women reported higher levels of heterosocial and social anxiety in comparison to Pakistani women. This may have occurred due to the Pakistani women in this sample not being truly representative of the Pakistani population as they were all young, college students.
B.S.
Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Shah, Tauqeer Hussain [Verfasser], and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Sökefeld. "The role of agents in organization of irregular migration from District Gujrat, Pakistan to Europe / Tauqeer Hussain Shah ; Betreuer: Martin Sökefeld." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1228271011/34.

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Skov, Bjarne. "Mitt hjemland Panjab : verdier i urdulærebøker fra 1.-5. klasse i grunnskolen i Pakistan og rammebetingelser i det pakistanske skoleverket : hva er relevansen for Osloskolen? /." Oslo : Institutt for kulturstudier og orientalske språk, Universitetet i Oslo, 2007. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/IKOS/2007/59612/Master-AAS-urdu-BjarneSkov.pdf.

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Naeem, Rashid A. "A study of Pakistan's trade and economic relations with the European Community in the context of EC's trade and development policies." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413787.

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Books on the topic "Pakistanis – Europe"

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Islam in transition: Religion and identity among British Pakistani youth. London: Routledge, 1998.

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Masculinity, sexuality and illegal migration: Human smuggling from Pakistan to Europe. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2011.

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Ahmad, Imran. The perfect gentleman: A Muslim boy meets the West. New York: Center Street, 2012.

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International Conference on "India, Europe and Pakistan" (2015 School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University). India, Europe and Pakistan. New Delhi: KW Publishers Pvt Ltd, 2018.

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James, Sabatina. My fight for faith and freedom. Beverly Hills, CA: Phoenix Books, 2010.

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A, Kadeer A., and Tahir Naveed Ahmad, eds. Pakistan-Europe ties in contemporary setting. [Karachi]: Area Study Centre for Europe, University of Karachi, 1988.

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Ahmad, Tahir Naveed, ed. Pakistan and post-ideological Europe: Prospects for cooperation in the 21st century. Karachi: Area Study Centre for Europe, University of Karachi, 2000.

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Ahmad, Tahir Naveed, ed. Pakistan and post-ideological Europe: Prospects for cooperation in the 21st century. Karachi: Area Study Centre for Europe, University of Karachi, 2000.

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Yousaf, Mohammad. The battle for Afghanistan: The Soviets versus the Mujahideen during the 1980s. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military, 2007.

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Ice-candy-man. New Delhi: Penguin, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pakistanis – Europe"

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Hartley, Cathy. "Pakistan." In The Europa International Foundation Directory 2021, 259–61. 30th ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003179870-117.

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Ali, Karamat, Zeenat Hisam, and Sohail Javed. "Pakistan." In Minimum Wages, Collective Bargaining and Economic Development in Asia and Europe, 101–19. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137512420_6.

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Bolognani, Marta, and Stephen M. Lyon. "Conclusion: Being Pakistani beyond Europe and South Asia." In Pakistan and Its Diaspora, 239–55. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230119079_10.

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Jaffrelot, Christophe. "Minorities Under Attack in Pakistan." In Minorities and Populism – Critical Perspectives from South Asia and Europe, 173–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34098-8_12.

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Radoniewicz, Filip. "International Regulations of Cybersecurity." In Cybersecurity in Poland, 53–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78551-2_5.

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AbstractThere is no doubt that, due to the global nature of modern ICT networks, international cooperation plays a key role in ensuring cybersecurity, including in the fight against cybercrime.This chapter describes initiatives taken within international organizations to ensure cybersecurity and the prevention of cybercrime. The presentation will start with the initiatives of the OECD and the Council of Europe. This is due not only to some kind of “Eurocentrism” but above all to the fact that these two organisations were the first to address cybersecurity and cybercrime issues. In addition, the Council of Europe Convention 185 on CyberCrime of November the 23rd, 2001, an international agreement concluded in the Council of Europe, is a milestone in the prevention of computer crime, remaining the only binding act of international law to combat it. Its importance is best demonstrated by the constantly growing number of signatories (and countries that model without signatures after the provisions, e.g. Pakistan) and the fact that international organisations, or recommend that their members accept (UN, G7/G8, European Union) or “copy” provisions, creating their own model legal acts (e.g. Commonwealth).
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Mansoor, Nasir, Thomas Rudhof-Seibert, and Miriam Saage-Maaß. "Pakistan’s “Industrial 9/11”: Transnational Rights-Based Activism in the Garment Industry and Creating Space for Future Global Struggles." In Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Rights, 107–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73835-8_6.

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AbstractThis chapter is based on an internal evaluation of the of the 2012–2019 cooperation between the Pakistani National Trade Union Federation (NTUF), the German humanitarian organisation medico international, and the Berlin-based European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR). Written from a first-person perspective by three members of these organisations, it offers invaluable insights into the internal coordination and strategic deliberations of the partners’ evolving transnational efforts to hold the German retail company KiK and Italian social auditing firm RINA to account on behalf of the survivors and victims’ families of the 2012 Ali Enterprises factory fire. The authors elaborate on the multi-dimensional effects and aftermath of the Ali Enterprises tragedy, and recount the lessons learned from their different perspectives as trade unionists, activists, and lawyers based in both Pakistan and Germany. On this basis, the chapter then maps additional possible avenues for supporting the transnational struggles of workers around the globe. All in all, it offers rich insights into the experiences and complex debates ongoing amongst the authors and their organisations on how to develop common positions and further enhance their mutual understanding in order to collectively imagine and work towards transformative political goals.
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Errichiello, Gennaro. "Migration, Integration and Belonging: Pakistani Migrants in Britain and in the United Arab Emirates." In Migration and Integration Challenges of Muslim Immigrants in Europe, 55–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75626-0_3.

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Akbari, Suhailah. "Legal Challenges Facing Afghanistan’s Transit Trade with Pakistan." In European Yearbook of International Economic Law, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73464-0_1.

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Alam, Parvez. "Populist Majoritarianism in India and Pakistan: The Necessity of Minorities." In Minorities and Populism – Critical Perspectives from South Asia and Europe, 199–213. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34098-8_14.

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Akbari, Suhailah. "Implications of WTO Rules on Freedom of Transit and Security Exceptions for Afghanistan–Pakistan Transit Trade." In European Yearbook of International Economic Law, 203–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73464-0_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pakistanis – Europe"

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Khattak, Ikhlaq, and Mirza Jamil Yousaf. "Design of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Autorickshaw." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97249.

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In Asia there are less private cars, but there is a high proportion of 2-stroke engines in scooters, motorcycles, auto-rickshaws (Tuk-Tuks), all running on petrol-oil mixtures with levels of hydrocarbon emissions (from partially burnt fuel and oil) well in excess of levels permitted in the USA and Europe. Worldwide Rickshaw/scooter/motorcycle type engine production is estimated at 17 million per year. According to National Transport Research Center (NTRC), the total population of registered (all types) motor vehicles in Pakistan in year 2000 was 4.224 million, out of which more than half of the population is (2.206 million) two wheelers or three wheelers (motorcycle/scooter/auto rickshaw). Almost all auto rickshaws have two stroke power packs and also 60% of motorcycle/scooters are of the same category. Pakistan is a very densely populated developing country, with very loose environment protection rules, which are practically unregulated due to large financial implications. This scenario leads to adverse air quality conditions especially in large cities of the country where the main contributory factors are vehicular traffic, that too, two stroke vehicles Industry, diesel-powered vehicles, and the omnipresent three-wheeled, two-stroke rickshaws all contribute to the extremely dirty air. Taxi/car use is increasing, but rickshaws have the advantage of being able to swarm through the congested car traffic in cities. This explains the over .6 million motorcycles/scooters/rickshaws currently in Pakistan, of which approximately 20% are two stroke Auto-rickshaws of 175 cc. Pakistan’s vehicle fleet has a growth rate of 8.0% (1990–99). The purpose of this study is to examine a particular application of fuel cell technology “The Auto Rickshaws”. They are small three-wheeled vehicles that can carry three people. Due to their small size and low price, rickshaws have traditionally been powered by high power density two-stroke internal combustion engines. Two-stroke engines produce a great deal of pollution and are an object of concern in many Asian countries. Severe pollution from two-stroke engines is a significant driver for cleaner technology. Thus, the target of this study is the Asian urban commuter, since a rickshaw is largely used in many Asian cities and contributes directly to air pollution in major crowded cities of Pakistan also. Countries like China, India, Bangladesh, Taiwan and Pakistan [1] are facing dramatic growth rates in two-stroke vehicle population as bicycle rickshaws are being replaced, so, low-powered but clean rickshaws would be a major step in providing mobility without compromising urban air quality.
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Hiç, Mükerrem. "Major Current Economic and Political Problems Facing Eurasian Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00230.

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Political and economic developments and problems are either directly or indirectly linked to each other. Hence, I would be dealing here with both. But the problems are so serious, numerous and complicated that I will be content with only submitting a list of these problems without deepening on any. It should also be stressed that Eurasia itself as a geographical entity covers a very large number of countries with different historical, political and economic backgrounds. Hence, we may have to think about different regions or groups of countries. On the European side, even the EU is not homogeneous today. We have the United Kingdom, Scandinavian countries, developed continental European countries, Iberian countries, the Balkans and Eastern European countries. Even in simple developmental terms, we have at least two tiers, a first tier of democratically and economically developed countries, and the second tier those with less experience in democracy and less economically developed. In Asia, on the other hand, we have such big countries as Russia, China, Japan and India, as well as such regional groups as South-East Asian countries, Central Asian Turkic-origin countries, Caucasian, Afghanistan and Pakistan also including Bangladesh, and Middle-Eastern, with Iran as a separate politico-economic entity. Similarly, Turkey, at the cross-roads between Europe, Asia and the Middle-East, is another, but different unique case.
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"Exploring Knowledge Sharing Practices in Higher Education: A Pakistani Perspective." In 20th European Conference on Knowledge Management. ACPI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/km.19.153.

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A. Saddique, R., and R. Ahmad. "Geology and Petroleum System of Pishin Basin, Pakistan." In 71st EAGE Conference and Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2009. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201400119.

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Zain ul Abedin, M. "Sedimentology of Early Middle Cambrian (Khewra) Sandstone, Pakistan." In 75th EAGE Conference and Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2013. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20131082.

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Iqbal, Sajid, M. Ahsan Naeem, and Ayisha Nayyar. "Status of MOOCs in Pakistan: Optimism and Concerns." In 2016 European Modelling Symposium (EMS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ems.2016.048.

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ur Rehman, Waqas, Intisar A. Sajjad, Tahir N. Malik, Luigi Martirano, and Matteo Manganelli. "Economic analysis of net metering regulations for residential consumers in Pakistan." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2017 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic.2017.7977733.

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Dolgov, V., R. W. Vestrum, G. Wittmann, and J. M. Gittins. "3D Seismic Imaging over Two Structurally Complex Surveys in TAL, Pakistan." In 72nd EAGE Conference and Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2010. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201400813.

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Al Qahtani, Elham, Yousra Javed, Heather Lipford, and Mohamed Shehab. "Do Women in Conservative Societies (Not) Follow Smartphone Security Advice? A Case Study of Saudi Arabia and Pakistan." In 2020 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS&PW). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurospw51379.2020.00028.

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Ali, H. M. S. Adnan, M. M. Aman, Syed Jowaid Ahmed, Shariq Shaikh, and Abdullah Munir. "Lightning Flash Density Map of Pakistan on ARC-GIS® Software - An Empirical Approach." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic.2018.8494579.

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Reports on the topic "Pakistanis – Europe"

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Yilmaz, Ihsan, and Nicholas Morieson. Civilizational Populism Around the World. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/pp0012.

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This article addresses an issue of growing political importance: the global rise of civilizational populism. From Western Europe to India and Pakistan, and from Indonesia to the Americas, populists are increasingly linking national belonging with civilizational identity—and at times to the belief that the world is divided into religion-based civilizations, some of which are doomed to clash with one another. As part of this process, Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity have all been commandeered by populist parties and movements, each adept at using the power of religion—in different ways and drawing on different aspects of religion—to define the boundary of concepts such as people, nation, and civilization.
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Boustati, Boustati. Narcotics Flows Through Eastern Africa: the Changing Role of Tanzania and Mozambique. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.074.

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In the last few decades, the southern route’s use for drug trafficking gained prominence as increased law enforcement and unrest in the Middle East made the traditional ‘Balkan route’ less viable. This southern route transports drugs, mainly heroin, from its production in Afghanistan to Pakistan or Iran, to eastern Africa – including Tanzania and Mozambique- and consequently to South Africa, after which it is moved to Europe (Aucoin, 2018; Otto & Jernberg, 2020). Notable targets of trafficking via the southern route have been the United Kingdom, Belgium, and the Netherlands (UNDOC, 2015). It is difficult to know for certain the quantities of drugs being trafficked through eastern Africa, but the literature puts it at up to 40 tonnes, with 5 of those staying behind, while the rest is transported overseas (Haysom et al., 2018a, 2018b). Due to various political and economic shifts, methamphetamines produced in Afghanistan recently also began to be trafficked alongside heroin shipments through the southern route, with recent estimates putting it at 50% of drugs being trafficked (Eligh, 2021). Most of the literature agrees that, in recent years, drug trafficking routes in eastern Africa have shifted due to political changes, but there is no evidence to suggest that the amount being trafficked have decreased.
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