Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pakistan Earthquake

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Pakistan Earthquake'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pakistan Earthquake"

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Siddique, Muhammad Shahid, and Jochen Schwarz. "Elaboration of Multi-Hazard Zoning and Qualitative Risk Maps of Pakistan." Earthquake Spectra 31, no. 3 (August 2015): 1371–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/042913eqs114m.

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Pakistan is situated in one of the highest seismic zones of the world, with the 1935 Quetta earthquake and the 2005 Kashmir earthquake as the most devastating earthquakes in the country. Pakistan has also recently suffered from severe flood events, in 2010 to 2012. Recent experiences in the above-mentioned events emphasize the need for a multi-hazard approach to assess the vulnerability of typical building types in Pakistan. The multi-hazard map is classified into four hazard-dominated areas: earthquake-, flood-, combined-, and no hazard–dominated areas in Pakistan. The distribution of the typical building types of Pakistan is globalized in terms of few, many, and most ranges to make a regional map of Pakistan. This map shows seven regions all over Pakistan, indicating the groups with certain predominant building types in each region. A multi-hazard risk map of Pakistan is the final outcome of the study.
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Martone, Gerald. "Earthquake Relief in Pakistan." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 106, no. 5 (May 2006): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200605000-00023.

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Sullivan, Kevin M., and S. M. Moazzem Hossain. "Earthquake mortality in Pakistan." Disasters 34, no. 1 (November 27, 2009): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2009.01121.x.

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Naseer, Amjad, Akhtar Naeem Khan, Zakir Hussain, and Qaisar Ali. "Observed Seismic Behavior of Buildings in Northern Pakistan during the 2005 Kashmir Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 26, no. 2 (May 2010): 425–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3383119.

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Recent earthquakes in Pakistan demonstrated that the region is highly seismic. Masonry buildings constructed with stones, concrete blocks, and fired-clay bricks and concrete buildings were damaged during the 8 October 2005 Kashmir earthquake. This paper presents the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete and masonry buildings in northern part of the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) and Kashmir during the earthquake. Most of the buildings were observed to be nonengineered or semi-engineered. The paper presents an overview of the 1937 Quetta building code and the 1986 and 2007 building codes of Pakistan. Lessons learned during the earthquake are also presented.
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Abid, Muhammad, Haytham F. Isleem, Khan Shahzada, Afed Ullah Khan, Muhammad Kamal Shah, Salman Saeed, and Fahid Aslam. "Seismic Hazard Assessment of Shigo Kas Hydro-Power Project (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)." Buildings 11, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11080349.

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In this paper, a seismic hazard assessment (SHA) of the Shigo Kas hydropower project has been performed by deterministic and probabilistic approaches. The previously developed MATLAB-based code has been used for deterministic SHA, incorporating local site effects through deep soil analysis. On the other hand, for probabilistic SHA, CRISIS 2007 has been used through diffuse areal source zones. The latest updated earthquake instrumental and historical catalogs have been developed. Based on the recommendations of the International Commission on Large Dams, peak ground acceleration (PGA) values for the maximum credible earthquake (MCE), safety evaluation earthquake (SEE), design basis earthquake (DBE) and operating basis earthquake (OBE) have been assessed, which are 0.50 g, 0.68 g, 0.35 g and 0.24 g, respectively, at the intake location, and 0.50 g, 0.61 g, 0.30 g and 0.22 g, respectively, at the powerhouse location. Hazard maps have been developed for scenario-based earthquakes (MCE) and for the peak ground acceleration of 145-, 475- and 2500-year return periods. The de-aggregation process has evaluated the combined effects of magnitude and distance. At a distance of 30 to 70 km from the earthquake source, earthquakes of magnitude 5 Mw to 5.6 Mw and 5.9 Mw to 6.5 Mw are more hazardous for the current project.
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Sarwar, Farhana, Saleem Iqbal, Muhammad Qaisar, Abdul Rehman, Faiza Akhtar, and Syed Mohsin Raza. "Earthquake Statistics and Earthquake Research Studies in Pakistan." Open Journal of Earthquake Research 05, no. 02 (2016): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojer.2016.52007.

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Bilham, Roger, Najeeb Ullah Kakar, Din Mohammad Kakar, Kang Wang, Roland Bürgmann, and William D. Barnhart. "The 1892 Chaman, Pakistan, Earthquake." Seismological Research Letters 90, no. 6 (September 25, 2019): 2293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190148.

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ABSTRACT The >1000‐km‐long transform fault defining the continental western boundary of the Indian plate (Fig. 1) is named after the town of Old Chaman (30.85° N, 66.52° E) that was damaged by an 6.5<Mw<6.7 earthquake there in 1892 (Griesbach, 1893). We quantify slip and afterslip in the 1892 earthquake from historical reports of rail offsets and rotation, and estimate rupture length from survey reports. We estimate that total slip exceeded 1 m, similar to the current potential slip deficit now prevailing on the fault derived from recent Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and Global Positioning System studies. As a consequence, a recurrence of the 1892 earthquake could soon occur. In 1892, the population of Chaman numbered less than 1000. The present population of Chaman and nearby villages exceeds 0.5 million.
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Mughal, Assad. "Pakistan earthquake: a doctor's diary." BMJ 333, no. 7560 (July 22, 2006): s40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.333.7560.s40.

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Kumar, Mohi. "Major earthquake shakes northern Pakistan." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 86, no. 42 (2005): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005eo420005.

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Reitherman, Robert. "Earthquakes that have initiated the development of earthquake engineering." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 39, no. 3 (September 30, 2006): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.39.3.145-157.

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The recent 75th anniversary of the 1931 Hawke’s Bay Earthquake reminds us that a particular earthquake can have a great effect on the development of engineering methods to contend with this natural hazard. Factors other than the occurrence of a single earthquake are also present before and after such a historically important event, and there are examples of countries that began on the path toward modern earthquake engineering in the absence of any particular earthquake playing an important causal role. An earthquake that was large in seismological (e.g. magnitude) or engineering (e.g. destructiveness) measures may have had little effect on engineering tools developed to contend with the earthquake problem. The history of earthquake engineering is not merely a set of events rigidly tied to a chronology of major earthquakes. Nonetheless, some significant earthquakes have been step function events on the graph of long-term progress in earthquake engineering. Only earthquakes that bring together several prerequisites have had such historic effects, creating in a country a beachhead for earthquake engineering that persisted in the following decades. In this brief historical review, the following seminal earthquakes are discussed: 1906 Northern California, United States; 1908 Reggio-Messina, Italy; 1923 Kanto, Japan; 1931 Mach and 1935 Quetta, India-Pakistan; 1931 Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pakistan Earthquake"

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Su, Jimmy Chi-yi. "Structural engineering for northern Pakistan : indigenous architecture and earthquake resistance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70253.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1995.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-152).
In the Fall of 1993, a joint project began between architectural designers and engineers, for the design of houses in Karimabad, located in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. This thesis records the author's involvement as structural engineer, and how quantitative engineering work was shaped by qualitative considerations of architectural design issues, and the unique culture of Karimabad. The broad range of structural design challenges in the area was assessed, and included earthquake loading, cultural precedents for building types and spatial use (i.e. live loads on the roofs), material availability, and appropriate technologies. Seismic loads were the main structural concern, and the behavior of single story, masonry buildings under seismic loads was investigated. Houses constructed from reinforced stone masonry with a timber roofing system were selected as the most appropriate technology for the region. Processes to quantify the necessary wall reinforcement were found and developed, and one architectural design was engineered to illustrate these processes, and to gain a general idea of how much steel would be needed in one house. Construction guidelines for all parts of a house, including roofs and foundations, were also researched and developed. The teamwork between architects and engineers throughout this project was evaluated and discussed. Principles of effective interaction that were learned, and the exchanges that occurred between the architects and engineers in the course of this project, are presented. The purpose of this record is to help future projects, between architects and engineers, to achieve a working relationship which effectively synthesizes the two professions, and produces better designs.
by Jimmy Chi-yi Su.
M.S.
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Karlsson, Per. "Ripe for resolution? : How the recent earthquake impacted India-Pakistan relations." Thesis, Karlstad University, Division for Social Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-415.

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The traditional standing in the practice of negotiation which is main concerned with the substance of the proposal for a solution has been somewhat altered by Zartman who do acknowledge the importance of the first idea but adds the dimension of the timing of the efforts for a resolution. Throughout the schools of crisis management and conflict resolution this concept has made its name as the ‘ripeness theory’. The focal point of the theory is termed as the ‘Mutually Hurting Stalemate’ (MHS), a situation where the conflicting parties sense their positions in a hurting impasse.

The concept of a ripe moment does not only centre on the parties’ perception of a MHS but is optimally associated with an impending, past or recently avoided catastrophe. Even though the catastrophe is not necessary to either the definition or the existence of a MHS it provides a deadline or a lesson that pain can be sharply increased in something is not done about it now. This in linked with the idea behind the concept that, when the parties find themselves locked into a conflict from which they cannot escalate to victory and this deadlock is painful to them (although not necessarily in equal degrees or for the same reasons), they seek a way out.

A unique opportunity presented itself when a earthquake struck the areas between India and Pakistan the 8th of October 2005. Did the post-quake scenario present a new opportunity to collaborate on immediate relief activity and long-term build up? Could suspicion be buried with the wreckage? Could the disaster be a push to intensify the peace process?

The aim of this study is to find out if the disaster has made the conflict ripe for resolution or more advanced mediation. The empirical chapters is going down two avenues including the political elites (and their actions) as well as the internal political process which in this study is made up by a) the militancy, and b) editorials from major Pakistani and Indian newspapers.

The results of the study can be summed with that the earthquake has not made the conflict ripe for resolution (as in final resolution) but definitely made it ripe for more advanced mediation. This is based on the numerous important counter building measures carried out by the elites of India and Pakistan and the fact that the Kashmiri people were involved in the process. As for the internal political process the militancy did not show any will of collaborate or changing position in the conflict. The results of the newspaper’s editorials is not entirely positive either although both Pakistan and Indian newspapers had a rather positive outlook towards the increased Indo-Pak cooperation and the prospects for the future.

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Khattak, Ghazanfar A. "Evolution of earthquake triggered landslides in the Kashmir Himalaya, NW Pakistan." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1250617592.

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Khan, Shaukat ?Ali¯. "An earthquake risk assessment framework for developing countries : Pakistan a case study." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556649.

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The devastation in the recent events of Kashmir (2005), Chengdu (200S) and Haiti (20 I 0) highlights the need for earthquake risk assessment (ERA) in developing countries. Kythreoti (2002) at the University of Sheffield, worked on the development of an ERA framework called EQ-RACY that was applied to Cyprus. It was concluded that a more comprehensive framework is needed to account for variable seismicity, tsunami, landslides, rockfalls, liquefaction, as well as for non-residential structures. It was also suggested to develop the ERA framework in a geographic information system (GIS) environment, and to develop more representative vulnerability assessments. This led to a project at the University of Sheffield to produce a comprehensive ERA framework for developing countries. The task is overwhelmingly huge for a single PhD project; therefore, the work is undertaken as a series of PhD projects. This thesis presents the development of the generic ERA framework for the project. The first aim of the work was the development of the probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) methodology. The PSHA methodology by Kythreoti was enhanced to incorporate large magnitude earthquakes and historical seismicity to suit the diverse seismo-tectonics of other parts of the world. In many developing countries statistics on building stock are not readily available. Satellite imagery may be used as an alternative to field building surveys, but the current methods are not very reliable, need further enhancement, and are not very cost effective. A simple method is developed in this research for cost effective and rapid building stock assessments using medium resolution satellite imagery and minimal field sampling. The results of the new PSHA methodology are compared with previous studies. The risk results obtained for the district of Abbottabad in Pakistan after the Kashmir (2005) earthquake are 22% higher than damage estimated from observed data. Considering the fact that damage estimates from government data tend to underestimate damage, the results are considered reasonable. The spatial distribution of damage compared well with observed damage data. The ERA framework is applied to a study region between Islamabad and Peshawar within Pakistan and risk mitigation strategies are recommended. The study region is divided into 4 seismic zones and the assessed average annual insurance premiums were £3.9, £7.S, £12.7 and £ IS.9 per £ 1000. Under the present circumstances for preparedness, it is recommended that the government makes a contingency plan of approximately £600 million to cover residential loss, 31,000 deaths and 40,000 injuries. The study revealed that enforcement of seismic regulations can reduce monetary and life losses by 60% and 77% respectively, whereas seismic retrofitting can reduce monetary and life losses by 50% and 67% respectively. Appropriate response and recovery measures can reduce the loss of life by 39%.
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Peterson, Katherine Elizabeth. "A viscous accretionary prism: InSAR observations following the 2013 Baluchistan, Pakistan earthquake." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6484.

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Geodetic observations are commonly used to make inferences about the rheology of the lower crust and mantle, frictional properties of faults, and the structure of the Earth following an earthquake. On 24 September 2013, an Mw 7.7 earthquake ruptured a 200 km segment of the Hoshab fault in southern Pakistan. The Hoshab fault is located in the Makran accretionary prism, one of the widest emergent accretionary prisms on Earth. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time series observations beginning 15 months after the 2013 earthquake capture a large displacement transient in the hanging wall of the Hoshab fault. Using simulations of viscoelastic relaxation and inversions for afterslip along five candidate fault geometries, I find that afterslip alone cannot account for the displacement observed in time series. Instead, I find that the observations can be explained by viscoelastic relaxation of a mechanically weak (viscosity on the order of 1017-1018 Pa s), shallow (>6 km) weak layer within the accretionary prism. First order results indicate this weak layer is between 8-12 km thick with a power law (n=3.5) rheology, and that viscoelastic relaxation is accommodated by dislocation creep at low temperatures. The weak nature of the Makran accretionary wedge may be driven by high pore fluid pressure from hydrocarbon development and underplated sediments.
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Ahmed, Seema. "Psychosocial wellbeing of adolescent girls and young women after the 2005 Pakistan earthquake." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2018. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/36245/.

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This thesis investigates the psychosocial issues and lived experiences of adolescent girls and young women after the 2005 Pakistan earthquake. It explores the coping strategies they adopted during the disaster and in the long recovery phase, presenting their psychosocial issues, disaster lived experiences, and personal transformations. The context of study is the growth of interest in mental health and disasters but the gap and lack of any major focus on gender and adolescent girls’ knowledge and experience provides a particular impetus for the study. The research study adopted an interpretive phenomenological methodology (IPA) that quickly expanded beyond the individual scale of internalized self to encompass the wider social domain. This study deployed mixed research methods to explore adolescent girls’ life-world such as semi- structured interviews, narrative interviews, field notes, researcher’s journal, participant observations and timeline drawing. The techniques of data collection included interviews through different sources of media such as skype, emails, WhatsApp. These methods also aided as a therapeutic tool for the participants by allowing them an opportunity to know and understand their existence and life-world through in-depth interviews. The data of this thesis is based on 70 qualitative interviews conducted largely in the rural areas of Chipa village and Muzzaffarabad city. The interviews were largely conducted in rural areas, but a series of interviews were done in urban areas to allow understanding and clarity of the rural culture. While not a meaningful sample in a statistical sense, the qualitative urban analysis allows for conclusion about the non-cultural movements of rural areas. The methodological approach was to draw on clinical experience, as a psychologist and frame that discussion in the human hermeneutics of lifeworld analysis. This considered the individual in their own setting including the constraints provided by family regulations and community norms under Islamic culture. The study provides a new understanding of the unmet needs, lived experiences and psychosocial issues of adolescent girls and young women over the seven years between the earthquake and the field research. It highlights the strategies adopted, which in some cases have led to post-traumatic growth and in others to a continuing anxiety about the hazardous and socially constraining environment they inhabit. It presents life-world snapshots in the form of holistic narratives. The study also provides a theoretical and conceptual framework for adolescent people in disasters particularly in context of age and gender. It is crucial to have an adequate balance amongst the four components of life-world to ensure psychosocial wellbeing. The study offers recommendations for local agencies, NGOs and INGOs to inform their policy and practice by recommending greater levels of assistance and revision in their policies concerning adolescent girls and young women. The conclusion of this research study is that suffering through the disaster trauma and uncertainty is mainly part of an individual’s life-world; considering their living standards and wellbeing. Mainly these components are; Psychological Self, Home-Family, Community and Beyond Community. Having a better understanding and awareness of self and self-care leads to better psychosocial wellbeing. At the same time, adequate amount of support, care and love from family members including parents, siblings and relatives is therapeutic in wake of trauma. Community and Beyond Community plays a vital role in psychosocial wellbeing of adolescents and young women in particular. Provided enough socializing opportunities, regular participation post disaster activities and home reconstruction only leads to psychosocial resilience. This is evident from the finding chapters discussed and analysed thoroughly above, that all of these four components are crucial to draw upon the psychosocial resilience resulting in wellbeing and self-awareness of young women. The study offers recommendations for local agencies, NGOs and INGOs to inform their policy and practice by recommending greater levels of assistance and revision in their policies concerning adolescent girls and young women. This could only be possible by listening to their voices, their issues, and lived experiences. It can always develop new opportunities to deal with the issues of the adolescent girls and young women by being mindful of various ways to deal with their uncertainties.
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Smith, Gemma Louise. "The structure, fluid distribution and earthquake potential of the Makran Subduction Zone, Pakistan." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/359131/.

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The Makran subduction zone (offshore Pakistan and Iran) has the largest accretionary prism of any margin worldwide, formed due to the thick incoming sediment section of up to 7.5 km. This margin has been relatively understudied, and this thesis presents a new, detailed structural and hydrological interpretation and seismogenic hazard assessment for the Makran. The accretionary prism is dominated by simple, imbricate thrusts which form seaward verging, anticlinal ridges up to 200 km long. The prism has a low average taper angle of 4.5°. Two oceanic basement features intersect the deformation front: The Little Murray Ridge (LMR), a discontinuous, largely buried seamount chain, and the Murray Ridge, a large transtensional ridge. The subduction of the LMR causes an increase in fault spacing, a seaward step in the position of the deformation front, and may segment earthquake rupture. The Murray Ridge influences the incoming sediment stratigraphy and reduces sediment thickness in the east. Fault activity in the Makran is widely distributed within the prism, with over 75% of faults showing some evidence for recent activity. This may be the result of the high levels of frontal accretion causing the Makran to behave as a sub-critical prism. The décollement in the outer prism occurs within the sediment section and is unreflective. There is extensive evidence for fluid and fluid migration in the Makran, with a widespread hydrate BSR, high amplitude gas zones in the shallow sediment, reflective fault sections (indicating high porosity and likely high pore pressure), and surface seeps. The spatial distribution of these features appears to be controlled by changes in the incoming section and fault activity, and significant fluids are trapped within anticlinal hinge zones. Reflective fault sections are concentrated in the upper sediments, and there is no evidence for a significant fluid contribution from the deeper (>4 km) sediment section. This may indicate that the lower sediment section is largely dehydrated, prior to accretion. The Makran experiences low seismicity compared to many global subduction zones, but produced a Mw8.1 tsunamigenic earthquake in 1945. Thermal modelling suggests that temperatures at the plate boundary are over 150°C at the deformation front due to the thick sediment section. These results suggest that the plate boundary may have the potential to be seismogenic to shallow depths. Thermal modelling also indicates that the shallow dip of the subducting plate produces a wide potential seismogenic zone, which when combined with along-strike rupture scenarios produces potential earthquake magnitudes of Mw8.7-9.2 with significant regional hazard implications.
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Loureiro, Miguel. "Of the earthquake and other stories : the continuity of change in Pakistan-administered Kashmir." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/43284/.

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On October 8th 2005 the villages surrounding Chinati bazaar in Bagh district of Pakistani-administered Kashmir (PaK) were hit by an earthquake measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale that affected the lives of more than 3.5 million people in PaK and Khyber Pukhtunkhwa. In this thesis I attempt to understand, through the stories and narratives of the people of Chinati bazaar, how they lived through, made sense of, and dealt with the earthquake and its aftermath. I use participant observation and conversations to tell the stories of those affected by the earthquake in their own voices as much as possible. The storytellers of the bazaar lived through two types of events: the earthquake itself and the post-earthquake rehabilitation and reconstruction process. The latter brought with it both positive and negative impacts: if, on the one hand, it brought progress and a new hope that life could be ‘Built Back Better', on the other hand, it brought a different type of suffering – one that led to a loss of honour and dignity, resulted in social upheavals, and led to the exclusion and marginalization of certain groups. In this thesis I focus on both these ‘events'. Through these stories I build an argument about post-disaster discourses of change. I argue that while the narratives of the storytellers of Chinati bazaar posit the earthquake as a point of rupture in their confabulated stories, from which the collective memory of the bazaar dates its movement towards becoming modern and global, these changes have their origins instead in ‘bigger' stories of modernisation and globalisation that predate the earthquake and that highlight and emphasise more continuous processes of change that have been occurring over a longer period of time. In this thesis I analyse how these two competing discourses of rupture and dramatic change on the one hand, and slow, continuous change on the other, play out in the lives of the storytellers of Chinati Bazaar.
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Naqvi, Asjad. "Deep Impact: Geo-Simulations as a Policy Toolkit for Natural Disasters." Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.05.015.

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Adverse post-natural disaster outcomes in low-income regions, like elevated internal migration levels and low consumption levels, are the result of market failures, poor mechanisms for stabilizing income, and missing insurance markets, which force the affected population to respond, and adapt to the shock they face. In a spatial environment, with multiple locations with independent but interconnected markets, these transitions quickly become complex and highly non-linear due to the feedback loops between the micro individual-level decisions and the meso location-wise market decisions. To capture these continuously evolving micro-meso interactions, this paper presents a spatially explicit bottom-up agent-based model to analyze natural disaster-like shocks to low-income regions. The aim of the model is to temporally and spatially track how population distributions, income, and consumption levels evolve, in order to identify low-income workers that are "food insecure". The model is applied to the 2005 earthquake in northern Pakistan, which faced catastrophic losses and high levels of displacement in a short time span, and with market disruptions, resulted in high levels of food insecurity. The model is calibrated to pre-crisis trends, and shocked using distance-based output and labor loss functions to replicate the earthquake impact. Model results show, how various factors like existing income and saving levels, distance from the fault line, and connectivity to other locations, can give insights into the spatial and temporal emergence of vulnerabilities. The simulation framework presented here, leaps beyond existing modeling efforts, which usually deals with macro long-term loss estimates, and allows policy makers to come up with informed short-term policies in an environment where data is non-existent, policy response is time dependent, and resources are limited.
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Mamuji, Aaida. "Understanding Government Decision-Making: Canada’s Disaster-Relief in Haiti and Pakistan." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31704.

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Canada coordinates its responses to natural disasters abroad through implementing its ‘whole-of-government’ policy framework. The two largest natural disasters that struck in 2010 were the January earthquake in Haiti and the flooding in Pakistan seven months later. In contrast to the fast and robust earthquake relief provided to Haiti, Canada’s response to the Pakistan floods was minimal, especially when considering the extent of damage sustained. This dissertation applies a public administration lens to trace factors that led to the Government of Canada’s 2010 disaster-relief decisions. It develops a multi-level theoretical framework to holistically explore the role of problem-definition in shaping decision-making. It applies historical institutionalism at the macro level; recognizes the role of case-specific details and arenas at the meso level; and uses the logic of appropriateness to identify informal institutions affecting individual action at the micro level. Analysis of interviews, government documents and media coverage indicates that bureaucratic actors involved in the whole-of-government approach recognize that their role is ultimately removed from final disaster-relief decisions. There is an informal acceptance that political will, more than needs in the disaster-affected region, shapes implementation decisions. Consequently, technical assessment is inadvertently affected, and recommendations reflect what is deemed most in line with ministerial disposition to assist. The primary motivators for Government of Canada action are found to be the gaining of public support or the need to subdue targeted criticisms. Findings indicate that as a result of its media appeal, there was a strong incentive for the deployment of military assets in response to the earthquake in Haiti, even when doing so was not in the best interest of the affected region. Where Canada could respond only with non-military means, there was less incentive for action. This leads to supply-driven relief rather than a needs-based humanitarian response. With the developed theoretical framework, process-mapping and media analysis methodologies, and the actor-centred approach adopted, the dissertation makes theoretical and empirical contributions to existing public administration literature on decision-making and problem definition. It also presents a hitherto unexplored perspective on donor behaviour for consideration by international relations and development scholars.
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Books on the topic "Pakistan Earthquake"

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(Pakistan), Earthquake Reconstruction &. Rehabilitation Authority. Social impact assessment report, 2008. Islamabad: Earthquake Reconstruction & Rehabilitation Authority, 2009.

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Rana, Asif Nazeer. Seismotectonic investigations of October 29th 2008 earthquake of Gogai, Ziarat, Balochistan. Quetta: Geological Survey of Pakistan, 2008.

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International Conference Earthquake, 10/8 Social, Human & Gender issues (2006 Islamabad, Pakistan). Proceedings International Conference Earthquake 10/8 Social, Human & Gender issues: January 15-17, 2006, selected papers. Islamabad: Higher Education Commission, 2006.

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Ghawrī, ʻĀrif ʻAlī Khān. Zalzale: Tārīk̲h̲, vajuhāt, taḥqīq, hifāẓat, baḥālī aur imdād : Pākistān men̲ āne vāle zalzale ke havāle se. Pishāvar: En. Ḍabliyū Ef. Pī. Ṭeksṭ Buk Borḍ., 2006.

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Kashmir Earthquake, October 8, 2005. Srinagar: Amicus Books, 2012.

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Rashid, Aamir. The worst disaster of Pakistan: The calamity, agony and revival. Rawalpindi: Image Impact, 2006.

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Mortenson, Greg. Listen to the children: The story of Dr. Greg and Stones into schools. New York: Dial Books for Young Readers, 2011.

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Amboh-i g̲h̲am, k̲h̲udnavisht. Islāmābād: Milne kā patah, ʻĀbid Rabbānī K̲h̲ān, 2006, 2006.

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Zalzalah dāstān: 8 Aktūbar 2005 ko Pākistān ke shamalī ʻalāqon̲ ... Karācī: Faḥm Pablīkeshanz, 2006.

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Cauhdarī, Muḥammad Luqmān. Aur zamīn phaṭ gaʼī ... [Koṭalī, Azād kashmīr: Roshan Buk Ḍipū], 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pakistan Earthquake"

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Polastro, Riccardo. "Pakistan (South Asia Earthquake)." In The Humanitarian Response Index 2007, 118–24. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230287679_12.

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Shafique, Muhammad, and Muhammad Younis Khan. "Earthquake Hazards and Risk Mitigation in Pakistan." In Disaster Risk Reduction, 101–17. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55369-4_5.

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Momose, Yasushi, and Pucai Yang. "Landslides Induced by a 7.6 Magnitude Earthquake in the Northern Part of Pakistan on October 8, 2005 and Landslide Risk Reduction Through Implementation of Non-Structural Measures." In Earthquake-Induced Landslides, 347–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32238-9_36.

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Khan, Shah F., Muhammad Asif Khan, Ulrich Kamp, and Lewis A. Owen. "Earthquakes and Associated Landslides in Pakistan." In Natural Hazards, 305–32. Boca Raton, Florida : Taylor & Francis, 2018. | “A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.”: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315166841-14.

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Ariyabandu, Madhavi Malalgoda, and Dilrukshi Fonseka. "Do Disasters Discriminate? A Human Security Analysis of the Impact of the Tsunami in India, Sri Lanka and of the Kashmir Earthquake in Pakistan." In Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace, 1215–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68488-6_93.

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Khan, Shaheen Rafi, and Shahrukh Rafi Khan. "The Allai Valley Earthquake and COVID 19: Collective Action Undermined." In Social Capital and Collective Action in Pakistani Rural Development, 251–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71450-5_9.

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Abbasi, Iftikhar Ahmed, Din Mohammed Kakar, Mohammed Asif Khan, and Ahmed Sana. "Mud Volcanoes in an Active Fore-Arc Setting: A Case Study from the Makran Coastal Belt, SW Pakistan." In Tsunamis and Earthquakes in Coastal Environments, 79–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28528-3_6.

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Ahmed, Nadeem, and Andrew MacLeod. "The 2005 Pakistan Earthquake." In The Pulse of Humanitarian Assistance, 158–76. Fordham University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt13x07g6.12.

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Ahmed, Nadeem, and Andrew MacLeod. "7. The 2005 Pakistan Earthquake." In The Pulse of Humanitarian Assistance, 158–76. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780823260744-010.

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Comfort, Louise K. "Emergent Adaptive Systems." In The Dynamics of Risk, 134–75. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691165370.003.0007.

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This chapter reveals the findings and analysis that characterize emergent adaptive systems. Four earthquake response systems are characterized as emergent adaptive systems: the 1999 Marmara, Turkey, earthquake; the 1999 Chi Chi, Taiwan, earthquake; the 2005 Pakistan earthquake; and the 2008 Wenchuan, China, earthquake. Regarding awareness of seismic risk, scientists and researchers had studied and mapped seismic risk in each case, but this knowledge was not widely transmitted to the local communities in which the earthquakes occurred, nor was it integrated into public policy and practice. Regarding technical infrastructure for communication, each of the four earthquake-affected communities had modest technical infrastructures for communication, but they were not yet widely distributed through the communities. Similarly, in each of the four earthquake response systems, some organizational capacity existed in the communities prior to the events. This capacity allowed responsible actors to mobilize resources to meet immediate needs generated by the earthquakes, but in all four cases, the local capacity was easily overwhelmed by the size, scope, and severity of the events experienced and could not be sustained by the operational system that was generated.
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Conference papers on the topic "Pakistan Earthquake"

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N., Ahmad, Crowley H., Pinho R., and Ali Q. "Displacement-Based Earthquake Loss Assessment of Adobe Buildings of Pakistan." In Modern Methods and Advances in Structural Engineering and Construction. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-7920-4_s2-s54-cd.

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Khan, Shuhab, Jingqiu Huang, Ismail Ahmad Abir, and Abduwasit Ghulam. "INSAR MEASUREMENTS OF SUBSIDENCE AND EARTHQUAKE SWARMS IN THE WESTERN PAKISTAN." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-280812.

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Saeed, Urooj, Kaif Gill, Hassan Ali, Hammad Gilani, and Naeem Shahzad. "Pre and post earthquake forest damage assessment — A case study of 2005 earthquake impact on forest of Machiara National Park, Pakistan." In 2009 International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icet.2009.5353141.

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Bondur, V., and V. Smirnov. "Seismoionospheric Variations during the Earthquake in Pakistan (September 2005) as a Precursor of Seismic Events." In 2006 International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icast.2006.313788.

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Das, Tanmay, Ashik Paul, and Parmeswar Banerjee. "Anomalous ionospheric signature observed at Noida (adjoining Delhi, India) during earthquake in Pakistan on September 24, 2013." In 2015 2nd International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spin.2015.7095295.

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Ray, Suman, and Sandip K. Chakrabarti. "Unusual shifts in terminator times of the VLF signals before the Pakistan earthquake (M=7.4), occurred on 18th Jan., 2011." In 2014 XXXIth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ursigass.2014.6929819.

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Koarai, Mamoru, Hiroshi P. Sato, Hiroshi Une, and Izumi Kamiya. "Interpretation of high-resolution satellite imageries to detect the landform changes and disaster damages: case study of the northern Pakistan earthquake." In Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing Symposium, edited by Felix Kogan, Shahid Habib, V. S. Hegde, and Masashi Matsuoka. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.693685.

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Heidarzadeh, Mohammad, Moharram D. Pirooz, Nasser H. Zaker, and Mohammad Mokhtari. "Modeling of Tsunami Propagation in the Vicinity of the Southern Coasts of Iran." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29082.

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The extensive death toll and sever economical damages brought by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami has emphasized the urgent need for assessing the hazard of tsunami in this ocean, and determining the most vulnerable coastlines to the impact of possible tsunami. In this paper the hazard of tsunami for southern coasts of Iran bordering the Indian Ocean is discussed. At first, historical data of tsunami occurrences on the Iranian southern coasts are collected, described and analyzed. Then, numerical simulation of potential tsunamis in the Makran subduction zone is performed and the tsunami wave height distribution along the Iranian coast is calculated. The Makran subduction zone is among two main tsunamigenic zones in the Indian Ocean. In this zone the Oman oceanic plate subducts beneath the Iranian Micro-plate at an estimated rate of about 19 mm/yr. Historically, there is the potential for tsunami generation in this region and several tsunamis attacked the Makran coastlines in the past. The most recent tsunami in this region has occurred on 28 November 1945 which took the lives of more than 4000 people in the coasts of Iran, Pakistan, India, and Oman. Here we examine the seafloor uplift of the Makran zone and its potential for generating destructive tsunamis in the southern coastlines of Iran. Several earthquake scenarios with moment magnitudes ranging between 6.5 and 8.5 are used as initial conditions for analysis. For scenario of an earthquake with magnitude of 8.0, propagation of tsunami waves on coastlines and wave time histories in selected reference locations are calculated.
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Luo, Sha, Yunkai Qian, Mingjun Ren, Liang Qin, and Xu Wang. "Hydrogen Concentration Measuring System Designed for Severe Accidents in Containment." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66375.

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Extensively released hydrogen due to zirconium-water reaction during severe accidents in containment of pressurized water reactor raises explosion crisis. Since the containment is the last barrier for fatal irradiation species, efficient measures should be implemented to restrain the hydrogen. Hence, hydrogen elimination and monitor devices are wildly applied to address this issue. Detection of hydrogen once has been conducted by a traditional hydrogen concentration measuring system with sampling devices and hydrogen sensors that located outside the containment. This arrangement, however, is a compromise between actual requirements for hydrogen measuring device and absence of favorable hydrogen sensors which could be applied in the harsh environment under severe accidents. Most recently, R&D of hydrogen concentration measuring system with in-situ hydrogen sensor has attracted increasing attention. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd is focusing their job on an electrochemical hydrogen sensor based on solid state electrolyte. Besides, AREVA has developed a system depending on thermal conductivity detector associated with catalytic combustion sensor which requires external power supply to heat the assembly. In PERIC, we have developed a hydrogen concentration measuring system with in-situ hydrogen sensor which can be set in accident confident area. The hydrogen sensor is originally based on catalytic recombination of hydrogen and oxygen. Generally, catalyst prepared using noble metals such as platinum and palladium is scientifically loaded in the hydrogen sensor to serve as hydrogen sensitive material. On the event of severe accidents, mixture of hydrogen and air can spontaneously diffuse into the hydrogen sensor, where, part of the mixture is involved in a chemical exothermic reaction on the catalyst to generate water and heat. Generally, an increased concentration of hydrogen will raise relatively higher reaction temperature of the hydrogen sensor. The hydrogen concentration related temperature of the hydrogen sensor is detected using steel armored thermocouple. Besides, environmental temperature and pressure in the containment are also acquired to assist calculation. All the data are transferred to a signal processing cabinet, which, performs the calculation and indication functions using programmable logic controller and digital display device, respectively. There is no organic material, mechanical moving and power consumption part in the hydrogen sensor and thermocouple. The system indicated reliable performance in simulated containment under condition of high temperature, pressure, steam, and etc. The hydrogen concentration measuring system illustrated excellent endurance to poisoning species such as iodine and aerosol. Furthermore, the hydrogen sensor also suggested high resistance to irradiation. The system can survive a severe earthquake, and its seismic certification toward to safety shutdown earthquake is class I. Over 80 systems so far have be applied in pressurized water reactor in China and or Pakistan. The latest model is designed according to requirements of CAP1400.
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Khan, Nisar Ali, Alessandro Vittorio Bergami, Camillo Nuti, Giorgio Monti, Marco Vailati, and Bruno Briseghella. "SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF PAKISTANI-TECHNIQUE INFILLED REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAMES." In 8th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research National Technical University of Athens, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120121.8535.19546.

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Reports on the topic "Pakistan Earthquake"

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Andrabi, Tahir, Benjamin Daniels, and Jishnu Das. Human Capital Accumulation and Disasters: Evidence from the Pakistan Earthquake of 2005. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-risewp_2020/039.

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We trace the effects of a devastating earthquake that occurred in Northern Pakistan in 2005. Using a new dataset from a survey conducted four years after the earthquake, we first show that the distance of the household from the fault line was not correlated with pre-existing household characteristics, while it was strongly predictive of earthquake-related damage and mortality. Through emergency relief aid, households living close to the fault line reported receiving substantial cash compensation that amounted to as much as 150% of their annual household consumption expenditure. Four years after the earthquake, there were no differences in public infrastructure, household or adult outcomes between areas close to and far from the fault line. However, children in their critical first thousand days at the time of the earthquake accumulated large height deficits, with the youngest the most affected. Children aged 3 through 15 at the time of the earthquake did not suffer growth shortfalls, but scored significantly worse on academic tests if they lived close to the fault line. Finally, children whose mothers completed primary education were fully protected against the emergence of a test score gap. We estimate that if these deficits continue to adult life, the affected children could stand to lose 15% of their lifetime earnings. Even when disasters are heavily compensated, human capital accumulation can be critically interrupted, with greater losses for already disadvantaged populations.
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Andrabi, Tahir, Benjamin Daniels, and Jishnu Das. Human Capital Accumulation and Disasters: Evidence from the Pakistan Earthquake of 2005. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/039.

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Samsonov, S. V., and M. Czarnogorska. Ground deformation produced by 2013 M7.7 Awaran earthquake in Pakistan mapped with RADARSAT-2 DInSAR. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/293326.

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Earthquake vulnerability assessment Pakistan, 2005–06. Population Council, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy18.1017.

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