Journal articles: 'Pairing property'

1

Vostokov, S. V. "Norm property of Hilbert pairing." Journal of Soviet Mathematics 57, no. 6 (December 1991): 3462–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01100114.

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Vostokov, S. V., and I. B. Fesenko. "A certain property of the Hilbert pairing." Mathematical Notes of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR 43, no. 3 (March 1988): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01138846.

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Blackstead, Howard A., and John D. Dow. "OCCURRENCE OF SPIN-FLUCTUATION PAIRING IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 13, no. 29n31 (December 20, 1999): 3635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979299003581.

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The definitive property of a spin-fluctuation d-wave-pairing superconductor is that cuprate-plane Cu-site Ni is a weaker Cooper-pair-breaker than Zn on the same site. None of the major high-temperature superconductors, except possibly YBa 2 Cu 3 O x, exhibits this property experimentally.

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JARVIS, FRAZER. "ON A PAIRING BETWEEN SYMMETRIC POWER MODULES." Glasgow Mathematical Journal 55, no. 2 (August 2, 2012): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017089512000535.

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Maruyama, T., T. Y. Saito, and T. Tsukamoto. "Skyrme Interaction with Attractive Pairing Property without Density Dependent Force." Progress of Theoretical Physics 82, no. 6 (December 1, 1989): 1009–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptp.82.1009.

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Marsiglio, F., K. S. D. Beach, and R. J. Gooding. "The superconducting (BCS) pairing instability in the thermodynamic limit." Canadian Journal of Physics 90, no. 9 (September 2012): 889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p2012-082.

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The superconducting pairing instability — as determined by a divergence of the two-particle susceptibility — is obtained in the mean field (BCS) approximation in the thermodynamic limit. The usual practice is to examine this property for a finite lattice. We illustrate that, while the conclusions remain unchanged, the technical features are very different in the thermodynamic limit and conform more closely with the usual treatment of phase transitions encountered in, for example, the mean-field paramagnetic–ferromagnetic transition. Furthermore, by going to the extreme dilute limit, one can distinguish three dimensions from one and two dimensions, in which a pairing instability occurs even for two particles.

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Miyata, Yoshihisa, Koya Hayashi, Genta Sakane, Takaaki Arimoto, Yasuhiro Katayama, and Mamoru Shimakawa. "Phase Relation of FeS₂-VS₂ System and New Phase of Defect Troilite Structure." Solid State Phenomena 170 (April 2011): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.170.92.

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A large defective troilite (Fe0.9V0.1)0.82S is prepared by a sealed silica-tube method at 800oC and characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction method and using a magnetic property measurement system. The crystal structures of a defective troilite and non defective troilite are analyzed by Rietveld method. The large defect enhances the Fe-Fe pairing and suppresses the waving of Fe-chain along c-direction. The antiferromagnetic property is observed on both troilites. The spin-flip transition temperature of the large defective troilite is 9K.

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Cidem Dogan, Demet, and Huseyin Altindis. "Storage and Communication Security in Cloud Computing Using a Homomorphic Encryption Scheme Based Weil Pairing." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 26, no. 1 (February 17, 2020): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.26.1.25312.

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With introduction of smart things into our lives, cloud computing is used in many different areas and changes the communication method. However, cloud computing should guarantee the complete security assurance in terms of privacy protection, confidentiality, and integrity. In this paper, a Homomorphic Encryption Scheme based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (HES-ECC) is proposed for secure data transfer and storage. The scheme stores the data in the cloud after encrypting them. While calculations, such as addition or multiplication, are applied to encrypted data on cloud, these calculations are transmitted to the original data without any decryption process. Thus, the cloud server has only ability of accessing the encrypted data for performing the required computations and for fulfilling requested actions by the user. Hence, storage and transmission security of data are ensured. The proposed public key HES-ECC is designed using modified Weil-pairing for encryption and additional homomorphic property. HES-ECC also uses bilinear pairing for multiplicative homomorphic property. Security of encryption scheme and its homomorphic aspects are based on the hardness of Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (ECDLP), Weil Diffie-Hellman Problem (WDHP), and Bilinear Diffie-Helman Problem (BDHP).

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TAKATSUKA, TATSUYUKI. "QUASI TWO-DIMENSIONAL NUCLEON SUPERFLUIDITY UNDER LOCALIZATION WITH PION CONDENSATION." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 11 (January 2012): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512006022.

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The aim here is to show an example for localization and relevant low-dimensional superfluids in nuclear system. Due to a particular property of tensor force originating from the One-Pion-Exchange (OPE) between two nucleons, dense nuclear medium undergoes a layer confinement of the nucleons on one hand and also pion condensation (PC) for pion field mediating two-nucleon interaction on the other hand. The localization is characterized by a layered structure with a specific spin-isospin ordering. In that situation, the pairing problem has a two-dimensional (2D) character, i.e., low-dimensional superfluid realized in the hadronic matter with strong interactions. The pairing description suitable to the 2D nature is presented and possible realization of superfluidity in neutron stars is discussed, togeter with its effect on the cooling scenarios.

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Riad, Mai A., Osama El-Ghandour, and Ahmed Abd El-Haleem. "Joint User-Slice Pairing and Association Framework Based on H-NOMA in RAN Slicing." Sensors 22, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 7343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197343.

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Multiservice cellular in Radio Access Network (RAN) Slicing has recently attained huge interest in enhancing isolation and flexibility. However, RAN slicing in heterogeneous networks (HetNet) architecture is not adequately explored. This study proposes a pairing-network slicing (NS) approach for Multiservice RAN that cares about quality of service (QoS), baseband resources, capacities of wireless fronthaul and backhaul links, and isolation. This intriguing approach helps address the increased need for mobile network traffic produced by a range of devices with various QoS requirements, including improved dependability, ultra-reliability low-latency communications (uRLLC), and enhanced broadband Mobile Services (eMBB). Our study displays a unique RAN slicing framework for user equipment (UE) for joint user-association. Multicell non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based resource allocation across 5G HetNet under successive interference cancelation (SIC) is seen to achieve the best performance. Joint user-slice pairing and association are optimization problems to maximize eMBB UE data rates while fulfilling uRLLC latency and reliability criteria. This is accomplished by guaranteeing the inter- and intra-isolation property of slicing to eliminate interferences between eMBB and uRLLC slices. We presented the UE-slice association (U-S. A) algorithm as a one-to-many matching game to create a stable connection between UE and one of the base stations (BSs). Next, we use the UE-slice pairing (U-S. P) algorithm to find stable uRLLC-eMBB pairs that coexist on the same spectrum. Numerical findings and performance analyses of the submitted association and pairing technique show they can all be RAN slicing criteria. We prove that the proposed algorithm optimizes system throughput while decreasing uRLLC latency by associating and pairing every uRLLC user in mini slots.

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Gupta, Daya Sagar, and G. P. Biswas. "A Secure Cloud Storage using ECC-Based Homomorphic Encryption." International Journal of Information Security and Privacy 11, no. 3 (July 2017): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisp.2017070105.

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This paper presents a new homomorphic public-key encryption scheme based on the elliptic curve cryptography (HPKE-ECC). This HPKE-ECC scheme allows public computation on encrypted data stored on a cloud in such a manner that the output of this computation gives a valid encryption of some operations (addition/multiplication) on original data. The cloud system (server) has only access to the encrypted files of an authenticated end-user stored in it and can only do computation on these stored files according to the request of an end-user (client). The implementation of proposed HPKE-ECC protocol uses the properties of elliptic curve operations as well as bilinear pairing property on groups and the implementation is done by Weil and Tate pairing. The security of proposed encryption technique depends on the hardness of ECDLP and BDHP.

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Du, Fengming, Yunbo Zeng, and Shaolong Yan. "Investigation on the tribological property of marine engine bearing." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2557, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2557/1/012027.

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Abstract The marine engine is one of the core devices of the ship. With the continuous progress of science and technology, marine engines are developing towards high power density, and the related tribological problems are more prominent. As one of the most typical friction pairs of marine engines, the crankshaft-bearing bush bears more and more loads and presents a trend of increased wear. By studying the wear behavior of the bearing bush, it is possible to deeply grasp the bearing wear mechanism, speed up the research and development process of the bearing bush, and further improve the wear resistance. In this paper, for the crankshaft-bearing bush pairing pair, a component-level bearing bush friction and wear testing machine is built, and the corresponding test method is established. The binary electroplating bush and an alloy shaft pair are selected for the experiment, and the wear law of the bearing bush is explored.

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13

Lentz, Tom, and Reinhard Blutner. "Signalling games: evolutionary convergence on optimality." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 51 (January 1, 2009): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.51.2009.375.

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Horn's division of pragmatic labour (Horn, 1984) is a universal property of language, and amounts to the pairing of simple meanings to simple forms, and deviant meanings to complex forms. This division makes sense, but a community of language users that do not know it makes sense will still develop it after a while, because it gives optimal communication at minimal costs. This property of the division of pragmatic labour is shown by formalising it and applying it to a simple form of signalling games, which allows computer simulations to corroborate intuitions. The division of pragmatic labour is a stable communicative strategy that a population of communicating agents will converge on, and it cannot be replaced by alternative strategies once it is in place.

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14

Carlson, W. R., and R. R. Roseman. "A new property of the maize B chromosome." Genetics 131, no. 1 (May 1, 1992): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/131.1.211.

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Abstract TB-9Sb is a translocation between the B chromosome and chromosome 9 in maize. Certain deletions of B chromatin from the translocation cause a sharp decrease in B-9 transmission compared to the rate for standard TB-9Sb. The deletions remove components of a B chromosome genetic system that serves to suppress meiotic loss in the female. At least two distinct B-chromosome regions suppress meiotic loss: one on the B-9 and one on 9-B. The system operates by stabilizing univalent B-type chromosomes. It allows the univalents to migrate to one pole in meiosis, despite the absence of a pairing partner. The findings reported here are the first evidence for genetic control of meiotic loss by a B chromosome. However, it is proposed that the practice of suppressing meiotic loss is common to the B chromosomes of all species. The need to suppress meiotic loss results from the fact that B chromosomes are frequently unpaired in meiosis and subject to very high frequencies of loss. B chromosomes may utilize one or more of the following methods to suppress meiotic loss: (a) regular migration of univalent B's to one pole in meiosis, (b) enhanced recombination between B chromosomes and (c) mitotic nondisjunction.

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15

James, Salome, N. B. Gayathri, and P. Vasudeva Reddy. "Pairing Free Identity-Based Blind Signature Scheme with Message Recovery." Cryptography 2, no. 4 (October 9, 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryptography2040029.

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With the rapid development of modern technology, personal privacy has become a critical concern in many applications. Various digitalized applications such as online voting systems and the electronic cash systems need authenticity and anonymity. Blind signature is an advanced technique that provides the authenticity and anonymity of the user by obtaining a valid signature for a message without revealing its content to the signer. The message recovery property minimizes the signature size and allows efficient communication in situations where bandwidth is limited. With the advantage of blind signature and message recovery properties, in this paper, we present a new pairing free blind signature scheme with message recovery in Identity-based settings. The proposed scheme is proven to be secure in the random oracle model under the assumption that the Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (ECDLP) is intractable. The proposed scheme meets the security requirements such as blindness, untracebility, and unforgeability. We compare our scheme with the well-known existing schemes in the literature, and the efficiency analysis shows that our scheme is more efficient in terms of computational and communicational point of view.

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16

Chatake, T., A. Ono, Y. Ueno, A. Matsuda, and A. Takenaka. "N6-Methoxyadenine in damaged DNA has two faces in property of Watson-Crick base pairing." Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 42, no. 1 (November 1, 1999): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nass/42.1.121.

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Popuri, S. R., A. Artemenko, R. Decourt, A. Villesuzanne, and M. Pollet. "Presence of Peierls pairing and absence of insulator-to-metal transition in VO2 (A): a structure–property relationship study." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 9 (2017): 6601–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp00248c.

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Kang, Baoyuan, and Danhui Xu. "Secure Electronic Cash Scheme with Anonymity Revocation." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2620141.

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In a popular electronic cash scheme, there are three participants: the bank, the customer, and the merchant. First, a customer opens an account in a bank. Then, he withdraws ane-cash from his account and pays it to a merchant. After checking the electronic cash’s validity, the merchant accepts it and deposits it to the bank. There are a number of requirements for an electronic cash scheme, such as, anonymity, unforgeability, unreusability, divisibility, transferability, and portability. Anonymity property of electronic cash schemes can ensure the privacy of payers. However, this anonymity property is easily abused by criminals. In 2011, Chen et al. proposed a novel electronic cash system with trustee-based anonymity revocation from pairing. On demand, the trustee can disclose the identity fore-cash. But, in this paper we point out that Chen et al.’s scheme is subjected to some drawbacks. To contribute secure electronic cash schemes, we propose a new offline electronic cash scheme with anonymity revocation. We also provide the formally security proofs of the unlinkability and unforgeability. Furthermore, the proposed scheme ensures the property of avoiding merchant frauds.

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Zhang, Yanbin, Fenghua Yuan, Xiaohua Wu, and Zhigang Wang. "Preferential Incorporation of G Opposite Template T by the Low-Fidelity Human DNA Polymerase ι." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 19 (October 1, 2000): 7099–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.19.7099-7108.2000.

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ABSTRACT DNA polymerase activity is essential for replication, recombination, repair, and mutagenesis. All DNA polymerases studied so far from any biological source synthesize DNA by the Watson-Crick base-pairing rule, incorporating A, G, C, and T opposite the templates T, C, G, and A, respectively. Non-Watson-Crick base pairs would lead to mutations. In this report, we describe the ninth human DNA polymerase, Polι, encoded by the RAD30B gene. We show that human Polι violates the Watson-Crick base-pairing rule opposite template T. During base selection, human Polι preferred T-G base pairing, leading to G incorporation opposite template T. The resulting T-G base pair was less efficiently extended by human Polι compared to the Watson-Crick base pairs. Consequently, DNA synthesis frequently aborted opposite template T, a property we designated the T stop. This T stop restricted human Polι to a very short stretch of DNA synthesis. Furthermore, kinetic analyses show that human Polι copies template C with extraordinarily low fidelity, misincorporating T, A, and C with unprecedented frequencies of 1/9, 1/10, and 1/11, respectively. Human Polι incorporated one nucleotide opposite a template abasic site more efficiently than opposite a template T, suggesting a role for human Polι in DNA lesion bypass. The unique features of preferential G incorporation opposite template T and T stop suggest that DNA Polι may additionally play a specialized function in human biology.

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Zimmermann, Ralf, Carsten Werner, and James Sterling. "Exploring Structure–Property Relationships of GAGs to Tailor ECM-Mimicking Hydrogels." Polymers 10, no. 12 (December 11, 2018): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10121376.

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Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a class of linear polysaccharides that are ubiquitous in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and on cell surfaces. Due to their key role in development, homeostasis, pathogenesis, and regeneration, GAGs are increasingly used in the design of ECM-mimicking hydrogels to stimulate tissue formation and regenerative processes via specifically orchestrated cell-instructive signals. These applications first and foremost build on the ability of GAGs to effectively bind, protect, and release morphogens. The specificity and strength of morphogen-GAG interactions are largely governed by the number and spatial distribution of negatively charged sulfate groups carried by GAGs. Herein, we summarize a mean-field approach to quantify the density of ionizable groups, GAG concentration, and cross-linking degree of GAG-containing hydrogels on the basis of microslit electrokinetic experiments. We further present and discuss a continuum model of mucosa that accounts for charge regulation by glycan-ion pairing in biological contexts and under conditions of macromolecular crowding. Finally, we discuss the modulation of the morphogen binding and transport in GAG hydrogels by selective desulfation of the GAG component.

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Hakuta, Keisuke. "Metrics on the Sets of Nonsupersingular Elliptic Curves in Simplified Weierstrass Form over Finite Fields of Characteristic Two." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/597849.

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Elliptic curves have a wide variety of applications in computational number theory such as elliptic curve cryptography, pairing based cryptography, primality tests, and integer factorization. Mishra and Gupta (2008) have found an interesting property of the sets of elliptic curves in simplified Weierstrass form (or short Weierstrass form) over prime fields. The property is that one can induce metrics on the sets of elliptic curves in simplified Weierstrass form over prime fields of characteristic greater than three. Later, Vetro (2011) has found some other metrics on the sets of elliptic curves in simplified Weierstrass form over prime fields of characteristic greater than three. However, to our knowledge, no analogous result is known in the characteristic two case. In this paper, we will prove that one can induce metrics on the sets of nonsupersingular elliptic curves in simplified Weierstrass form over finite fields of characteristic two.

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22

Kustas, Andrew B., Jonathan Pegues, Michael A. Melia, Shaun R. Whetten, Morgan Jones, and Nicolas Argibay. "Characterization of Refractory Alloys Produced by Laser Additive Manufacturing." Material Design & Processing Communications 2022 (November 24, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1928643.

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Refractory alloys often possess superior thermomechanical properties compared to conventional materials, such as steels, Ni-based superalloys, and Ti alloys, especially in high-temperature environments. While these materials promise to revolutionize numerous industries, significant hurdles remain for insertion into applications due to an incomplete understanding of structure-property relationships and conventional processing challenges. We explore laser-based additive manufacturing (AM) to construct refractory alloys consisting of combinations of Mo, Nb, Ta, and Ti with systematically increasing compositional complexity. Microstructure, composition, and hardness of the AM-processed alloys were characterized. Results are discussed in the context of pairing additive manufacturing with refractory metals to enable next-generation alloys.

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Gök, Sırma Zeynep Alparslan, Serap Ergün, Barış Bülent Kırlar, İsmail Özcan, and Aslı Tayman. "Fuzzy Perspective of Online Games by Using Cryptography and Cooperative Game Theory." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 31, no. 06 (December 2023): 891–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021848852350040x.

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In this paper, we mathematically associate crypto-cloud computing with cooperative game theory in the presence of fuzzy uncertainty. For this purpose, we retrieve information from the database of Amazon Web Service. Then we construct a secure crypto-cloud game theoretical model and apply this model to online games under fuzzy uncertainty. Further, we suggest some fuzzy game theoretical solutions by proposing a novel twisted Edwards curve pairing-based scheme over finite fields having the property of indistinguishable under chosen ciphertext attacks. Finally, it is seen that costs of the numerical fuzzy solutions are reduced and their efficiency is increased compared with the numerical crisp ones.

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Gemander, Patrick, Wei-Kun Chen, Dieter Weninger, Leona Gottwald, Ambros Gleixner, and Alexander Martin. "Two-row and two-column mixed-integer presolve using hashing-based pairing methods." EURO Journal on Computational Optimization 8, no. 3-4 (August 18, 2020): 205–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13675-020-00129-6.

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Abstract In state-of-the-art mixed-integer programming solvers, a large array of reduction techniques are applied to simplify the problem and strengthen the model formulation before starting the actual branch-and-cut phase. Despite their mathematical simplicity, these methods can have significant impact on the solvability of a given problem. However, a crucial property for employing presolve techniques successfully is their speed. Hence, most methods inspect constraints or variables individually in order to guarantee linear complexity. In this paper, we present new hashing-based pairing mechanisms that help to overcome known performance limitations of more powerful presolve techniques that consider pairs of rows or columns. Additionally, we develop an enhancement to one of these presolve techniques by exploiting the presence of set-packing structures on binary variables in order to strengthen the resulting reductions without increasing runtime. We analyze the impact of these methods on the MIPLIB 2017 benchmark set based on an implementation in the MIP solver SCIP.

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Kannan, R., J. J. Chin,, V. T. Goh, and S. C. Yip. "A Pairing-free Provable Secure and Efficient Identity-based Identification Scheme with Anonymity." Malaysian Journal of Mathematical Sciences 17, no. 4 (December 14, 2023): 705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/mjms.17.4.11.

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In this paper, we propose a Blind Identity-Based Identification (Blind IBI) scheme based on the Guillou-Quisquater (GQ) scheme. Our proposed scheme combines the benefits of traditional Identity-Based Identification (IBI) schemes that can authenticate a user's identity without relying on a trusted third party with the Blind Signature (BS) scheme that provides anonymity. As a result, the proposed scheme assures absolute user privacy during the authentication process. It does not rely on a third party, yet the verifier can still be assured of the user's identity without the user actually revealing it. In our work, we show that the proposed scheme is provably secure under the random oracle model, with the assumption that the one-more-RSA-inversion problem is difficult. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proposed scheme is secure against passive, active, and concurrent impersonation attacks. In conclusion, the proposed scheme is able to achieve the desired blindness property without compromising the security of the GQ-IBI scheme it is based upon.

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Xu, Hang, Lu Zhang, Lin Li, Yang Liu, Yanhui Chao, Xiaolin Liu, Zeng Jin, et al. "Membrane-Loaded Doxorubicin Liposomes Based on Ion-Pairing Technology with High Drug Loading and pH-Responsive Property." AAPS PharmSciTech 18, no. 6 (December 27, 2016): 2120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-016-0693-x.

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DIMITRIEVA, SLAVICA, and PHILIPP BUCHER. "PRACTICALITY AND TIME COMPLEXITY OF A SPARSIFIED RNA FOLDING ALGORITHM." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 10, no. 02 (April 2012): 1241007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720012410077.

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Commonly used RNA folding programs compute the minimum free energy structure of a sequence under the pseudoknot exclusion constraint. They are based on Zuker's algorithm which runs in time O(n3). Recently, it has been claimed that RNA folding can be achieved in average time O(n2) using a sparsification technique. A proof of quadratic time complexity was based on the assumption that computational RNA folding obeys the "polymer-zeta property". Several variants of sparse RNA folding algorithms were later developed. Here, we present our own version, which is readily applicable to existing RNA folding programs, as it is extremely simple and does not require any new data structure. We applied it to the widely used Vienna RNAfold program, to create sibRNAfold, the first public sparsified version of a standard RNA folding program. To gain a better understanding of the time complexity of sparsified RNA folding in general, we carried out a thorough run time analysis with synthetic random sequences, both in the context of energy minimization and base pairing maximization. Contrary to previous claims, the asymptotic time complexity of a sparsified RNA folding algorithm using standard energy parameters remains O(n3) under a wide variety of conditions. Consistent with our run-time analysis, we found that RNA folding does not obey the "polymer-zeta property" as claimed previously. Yet, a basic version of a sparsified RNA folding algorithm provides 15- to 50-fold speed gain. Surprisingly, the same sparsification technique has a different effect when applied to base pairing optimization. There, its asymptotic running time complexity appears to be either quadratic or cubic depending on the base composition. The code used in this work is available at: http://sibRNAfold.sourceforge.net/ .

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Mukubwa, Abel. "Electron Number Density and Coherence Length of Boson-Fermion Pair in HTSC." Advances in High Energy Physics 2022 (March 29, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8198401.

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A Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) of a nonzero momentum Cooper pair constitutes a composite boson or simply a boson. Previously, it has been shown that the quantum coherence of the two-component BEC (boson and fermion condensates) is controlled by plasmons where < 1 % of plasmon energy mediates the charge pairing but most of the plasmon energy is used to overcome the modes that compete against superconductivity such as phonons, charge density waves, antiferromagnetism, and damping effects. The dependence of plasmon frequency on the material of a superconductor reveals that modes within a specific range of frequency enhance superconductivity and therefore affect the critical temperature of a particular superconducting material. Against this background, we study the effect on doping on boson-fermion pairing energy and hence the critical temperature. While most hole doping agents are atoms lighter than copper, many of the electron doping agents are materials heavier than copper. This property defines the doping effect on the plasma frequency. Heavier dopants lower the critical temperature while lighter dopants increase the critical temperature of a superconductor. The number density of electrons is also found to be proportional to the square of critical temperature T c while the size of a boson-fermion pair condensate (BFPC) is proportional to T c − 2 / 3 . The size of a BFPC particle is less than boson-fermion (BF) coherence length by almost an order.

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Goswami, Partha. "A Theoretical Approach to Pseudogap and Superconducting Transitions in Hole-Doped Cuprates." ISRN Condensed Matter Physics 2013 (February 6, 2013): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/210384.

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We consider a two-dimensional fermion system on a square lattice described by a mean-field Hamiltonian involving the singlet id-density wave (DDW) order, assumed to correspond to the pseudo-gap (PG) state, favored by the electronic repulsion and the coexisting -wave superconductivity (DSC) driven by an assumed attractive interaction within the BCS framework. Whereas the single-particle excitation spectrum of the pure DDW state consists of the fermionic particles and holes over the reasonably conducting background, the coexisting states corresponds to Bogoliubov quasi-particles in the background of the delocalized Cooper pairs in the momentum space. We find that the two gaps in the single-particle excitation spectrum corresponding to PG and DSC, respectively, are distinct and do not merge into one “quadrature” gap if the nesting property of the normal state dispersion is absent. We show that the PG and DSC are representing two competing orders as the former brings about a depletion of the spectral weight available for pairing in the anti-nodal region of momentum space where the superconducting gap is supposed to be the largest. This indicates that the PG state perhaps could not be linked to a preformed pairing scenario. We also show the depletion of the spectral weight below at energies larger than the gap amplitude. This is an important hallmark of the strong coupling superconductivity.

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Limbu, H. K., K. K. Mishra, A. K. Sah, I. S. Jha, and D. Adhikari. "Theoretical investigation of mixing properties of Sb-Sn binary liquid alloy at 905K." BIBECHANA 15 (December 19, 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v15i0.18306.

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The thermodynamic, microscopic, surface and transport properties of Sb-Sn liquid alloy at 905K have been studied using regular solution model. In thermodynamic properties, free energy of mixing(GM) , activity(a), entropy of mixing(SM), heat of mixing (HM) have been studied. To understand structural behavior of the liquid alloys concentration fluctuations in the long wavelength limit i.e. (Scc(0)) and short range order parameter (α1) have been computed. Surface property is studied with the help of Butler’s model while transport property is computed from Moelwyn-Hughes equation. The theoretical and experimental values of thermodynamic and microscopic properties of Sb-Sn liquid alloy at 905K have been compared. In present work the value of interchange energy (w) is found to be negative suggesting that there is a tendency of unlike atoms pairing (i.e. Sb-Sn) as the nearest neighbor indicating the ordering behavior in Sb-Sn liquid alloy. The symmetric behavior of concentration fluctuations of the liquid alloy has been well explained by the model. The temperature dependence of interchange energy (w) has been found during the computation of entropy of mixing (SM) and heat of mixing (HM) of the liquid alloy.BIBECHANA 15 (2018) 1-10

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Li, Yahong, Jianzhou Wei, Bin Wu, Chunli Wang, Caifen Wang, Yulei Zhang, and Xiaodong Yang. "Obfuscating encrypted threshold signature algorithm and its applications in cloud computing." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): e0250259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250259.

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Current cloud computing causes serious restrictions to safeguarding users’ data privacy. Since users’ sensitive data is submitted in unencrypted forms to remote machines possessed and operated by untrusted service providers, users’ sensitive data may be leaked by service providers. Program obfuscation shows the unique advantages that it can provide for cloud computing. In this paper, we construct an encrypted threshold signature functionality, which can outsource the threshold signing rights of users to cloud server securely by applying obfuscation, while revealing no more sensitive information. The obfuscator is proven to satisfy the average case virtual black box property and existentially unforgeable under the decisional linear (DLIN) assumption and computational Diffie-Hellman (CDH) assumption in the standard model. Moreover, we implement our scheme using the Java pairing-based cryptography library on a laptop.

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Huang, S. C., and B. S. Hsu. "Theory of Receptance Applied to Modal Analysis of a Spinning Disk With Interior Multi-Point Supports." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 114, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930286.

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The theory of receptance applied to the modal analysis of a spinning disk with interior multi-point supports is developed. Traveling modes are first introduced for the vibration analysis of a spinning disk. The receptance method is then applied to join the spinning disk and the point supports. The frequency equation and mode shapes are then formulated. An important property, conjugate pairing of the cross receptances is derived. This feature has never been described before in the literature. Numerical results for various numbers of point supports are illustrated. The results show that the nodal pattern of a spinning disk with point supports is varying periodically. The change of rotation speed further causes the mode exchange phenomenon. The change of first critical speed due to point supports is also discussed.

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Turbant, Florian, Pengzhi Wu, Frank Wien, and Véronique Arluison. "The Amyloid Region of Hfq Riboregulator Promotes DsrA:rpoS RNAs Annealing." Biology 10, no. 9 (September 12, 2021): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10090900.

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Hfq is a bacterial RNA chaperone which promotes the pairing of small noncoding RNAs to target mRNAs, allowing post-transcriptional regulation. This RNA annealing activity has been attributed for years to the N-terminal region of the protein that forms a toroidal structure with a typical Sm-fold. Nevertheless, many Hfqs, including that of Escherichia coli, have a C-terminal region with unclear functions. Here we use a biophysical approach, Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism (SRCD), to probe the interaction of the E. coli Hfq C-terminal amyloid region with RNA and its effect on RNA annealing. This C-terminal region of Hfq, which has been described to be dispensable for sRNA:mRNA annealing, has an unexpected and significant effect on this activity. The functional consequences of this novel property of the amyloid region of Hfq in relation to physiological stress are discussed.

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Tsang, Chun-Kei, Wing-Keung Wong, and Ira Horowitz. "Arbitrage opportunities, efficiency, and the role of risk preferences in the Hong Kong property market." Studies in Economics and Finance 33, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 735–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-03-2015-0079.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate how a prospective buyer’s optimal home-size purchase can be determined by means of a stochastic-dominance (SD) analysis of the historical data of Hong Kong. Design/methodology/approach By means of SD analysis, the paper uses monthly property yields in Hong Kong over a 15-year period to illustrate how buyers of different risk preference may optimize their home-size purchase. Findings Regardless of whether the buyer eschews risk, embraces risk or is indifferent to it, in any adjacent pairing of five well-defined housing classes, the smaller class provides the optimal purchase. In addition, risk-averters focusing on total yield would prefer to invest in the smallest and second-smallest classes than in the largest class. Research limitations/implications As the smaller class provides the optimal purchase, the smallest class affords the buyer the optimal purchase over all classes in this important housing market – at least where rental yields are of primary concern. Practical implications The findings suggest that in the Hong Kong housing market, long-term investors may be better off purchasing smaller homes. For other type of investors, it depends on their risk preference. Originality/value There is a very small body of empirical literature on housing investment, especially if the focus is on the optimal home-size purchase.

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Bastiaans, Koen M., Damianos Chatzopoulos, Jian-Feng Ge, Doohee Cho, Willem O. Tromp, Jan M. van Ruitenbeek, Mark H. Fischer, et al. "Direct evidence for Cooper pairing without a spectral gap in a disordered superconductor above T _c." Science 374, no. 6567 (October 29, 2021): 608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abe3987.

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Measuring the effective charge At low enough temperatures, superconductors are capable of conducting electricity without any resistance because of the formation of so-called Cooper pairs of electrons. Cooper pairs typically form at the same critical temperature at which superconductivity sets in. In certain materials, they are thought to form above that temperature, but showing this property directly in an experiment is tricky. Bastiaans et al . used tunneling noise spectroscopy to measure the effective charge of current carriers in the disordered superconductor titanium nitride. As expected, below the critical temperature, the effective charge was equal to two electron charges. However, this behavior persisted above the critical temperature, indicating that electron pairs exist in that regime. —JS

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Shternin, Peter S., Dmitry D. Ofengeim, Wynn C. G. Ho, Craig O. Heinke, M. J. P. Wijngaarden, and Daniel J. Patnaude. "Model-independent constraints on superfluidity from the cooling neutron star in Cassiopeia A." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 506, no. 1 (June 14, 2021): 709–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1695.

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ABSTRACT We present a new model-independent (applicable for a broad range of equations of state) analysis of the neutrino emissivity due to triplet neutron pairing in neutron star cores. We find that the integrated neutrino luminosity of the Cooper Pair Formation (CPF) process can be written as a product of two factors. The first factor depends on the neutron star mass, radius, and maximal critical temperature of neutron pairing in the core, TCnmax, but not on the particular superfluidity model; it can be expressed by an analytical formula valid for many nucleon equations of state. The second factor depends on the shape of the critical temperature profile within the star, the ratio of the temperature T to TCnmax, but not on the maximal critical temperature itself. While this second factor depends on the superfluidity model, it obeys several model-independent constraints. This property allows one to analyse the thermal evolution of neutron stars with superfluid cores without relying on a specific model of their interiors. The constructed expressions allow us to perform a self-consistent analysis of spectral data and neutron star cooling theory. We apply these findings to the cooling neutron star in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant using 14 sets of observations taken over 19 yr. We constrain TCnmax to the range of (5–10) × 108 K. This value depends weakly on the equation of state and superfluidity model, and will not change much if cooling is slower than what the current data suggest. We also constrain the overall efficiency of the CPF neutrino luminosity.

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Lancaster-Thomas, Asha. "The Coherence of Naturalistic Personal Pantheism." European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 12, no. 1 (March 25, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24204/ejpr.v12i1.2886.

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This paper examines the coherence of naturalistic personal pantheism (NPP) in an attempt to reconcile pantheism, naturalism, and a personal concept of God. NPP proposes that i) God is identical with the universe, ii) the universe is entirely natural, and iii) God is personal. Several critics of accounts of a God such as this have voiced concerns about a natural — as opposed to a supernatural — God, since a natural God cannot be worship-worthy. In response, I propose a controversial premise — physical primacy — to justify the worship-worthiness of a natural God. Physical primacy maintains that physical existence is a great-making property, therefore a God that exists naturally is greater than a God that exists supernaturally. I maintain that NPP is an attractive alternative to other theisms because it bypasses the pairing problem, presents a worship-worthy concept of God, and boasts ontological simplicity.

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Pejaś, Jerzy, Tomasz Hyla, and Wojciech Zabierowski. "Revocable Signature Scheme with Implicit and Explicit Certificates." Entropy 25, no. 9 (September 9, 2023): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25091315.

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This paper addresses the certificate revocation problem and proposes the first revocable pairing-based signature scheme with implicit and explicit certificates (IE-RCBS-kCAA). We should no longer discuss whether to revoke certificates but how to do it effectively, ensuring both the scalability of the revocation operation and the non-repudiation of the signature in the short or long term. Under the computational difficulty assumptions of the modified collusion attack algorithm with k traitors (k-mCAA) and discrete logarithm (DL) problems, we demonstrate that our scheme is secure against existential unforgeability under chosen message attacks (EUF-IERCBS-kCAA-CMA) in a random oracle model. The proposed solution is scaled and allows the use of many trusted status authorities that issue explicit short-term certificates confirming the validity of explicit long-term certificates. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our signature scheme has a short-term non-repudiation property for the shell validity model.

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Durand, Helen, and Saad Balhasan. "An Example of Using Collaborative Online International Learning for Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Undergraduate Courses." International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 24, no. 3 (September 6, 2023): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v24i3.7227.

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This work describes an international collaboration experience carried out between our process design and petroleum property evaluation courses. This collaboration was developed as part of a partnership between the American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK) in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates, and Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan, United States of America, using a program called Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) from the State University of New York (SUNY) system. The COIL program provides training to faculty on engaging students in international and cross-disciplinary projects to promote skills needed in the current work force. The COIL training meetings facilitated pairing faculty of different disciplines in different parts of the world and provided a structure for developing a collaborative project. The collaborative project that we undertook in fall 2021, and which we detail throughout this article, was titled Upstream and Downstream of Petroleum Economics.

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Wu, Riheng, Yangyang Dong, Zhenhai Zhang, and Le Xu. "Two 2-D DOA Estimation Methods with Full and Partial Generalized Virtual Aperture Extension Technology." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (December 24, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3924569.

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We address the two-dimensional direction-of-arrival (2-D DOA) estimation problem for L-shaped uniform linear array (ULA) using two kinds of approaches represented by the subspace-like method and the sparse reconstruction method. Particular interest emphasizes on exploiting the generalized conjugate symmetry property of L-shaped ULA to maximize the virtual array aperture for two kinds of approaches. The subspace-like method develops the rotational invariance property of the full virtual received data model by introducing two azimuths and two elevation selection matrices. As a consequence, the problem to estimate azimuths represented by an eigenvalue matrix can be first solved by applying the eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) to a known nonsingular matrix, and the angles pairing is automatically implemented via the associate eigenvector. For the sparse reconstruction method, first, we give a lemma to verify that the received data model is equivalent to its dictionary-based sparse representation under certain mild conditions, and the uniqueness of solutions is guaranteed by assuming azimuth and elevation indices to lie on different rows and columns of sparse signal cross-correlation matrix; we then derive two kinds of data models to reconstruct sparse 2-D DOA via M-FOCUSS with and without compressive sensing (CS) involvements; finally, the numerical simulations validate the proposed approaches outperform the existing methods at a low or moderate complexity cost.

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Khan, Tahseen Mohsan, Syed Kumail Abbas Rizvi, and Ramla Sadiq. "Disintermediation of banks in a developing economy." Managerial Finance 45, no. 2 (February 11, 2019): 222–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-11-2017-0493.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how Pakistani banks manage their portfolios (lending vs investment) when the economic indicators are not supportive. This study investigates three aspects of the banking system in Pakistan – prevalence of disintermediation, post-crisis profitability orientation and depositor protection by financial system in unfavorable conditions. Design/methodology/approach This study is limited to identifying the key economic and financial drivers behind disintermediation and its subsequent impact on banks’ profitability and depositors’ protection. GLS panel regressions and Engle–Granger causality test as specified by the error correction model have been used to test the major hypothesis of this study. Findings This study shows that small banks have been shifting major part of their portfolios toward risk-free investments to be able to maintain their profitability more efficiently and effectively, like large banks. The study also observes that significant pairing causality exists between gross credit loans and investments confirming disintermediation hypothesis for all types of banks except Islamic or Sharia compliant banks, whereas for significant pairing causality, the results are mixed for remaining variables among gross credit loans as a proportion of assets and economic variables that include GDP growth, unemployment, KSE-100 and SBP policy rate. It is also confirmed by the results that disintermediation improves banks profitability and depositor protection, thus providing a good rationale and justification to banks for opting it. Originality/value The study focuses on the impact of structural changes in portfolios only of commercial banks’ revenue-generating assets not including other financial institutions as a part of banking system. Furthermore, data are extracted from balance sheets and is the sole property of corresponding author.

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OU-YANG, Z. C., H. ZHOU, and Y. ZHANG. "THE ELASTIC THEORY OF A SINGLE DNA MOLECULE." Modern Physics Letters B 17, no. 01 (January 10, 2003): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984903004877.

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We review our recent efforts in understanding the elastic properties of double-stranded (ds) and single-stranded (ss) DNA macromolecules. A simple geometric model of dsDNA was constructed and solved by path integral methods. The good agreement with experiments on dsDNA's entropic elasticity, cooperative extensibility, and supercoiling property suggested that the short-ranged base-pair stacking interaction is crucial for the stability and the high deformability of dsDNA. For ssDNA at high ionic conditions, base-pairing and base-pair stacking interactions cause the polymer to fold into compact hairpin configurations. The force-induced hairpin-coil transition was studied with the generating function method. In accordance with experiment, this transition was found to be highly cooperative when the average stacking potential is higher than some critical level. At low ionic conditions, the electrostatic repulsive interaction along the ssDNA becomes dominant, and ssDNA can be regarded as model polyelectrolytes. Our MC simulation results suggested an exponential relation between external force and the total extension. This prediction was confirmed experimentally.

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Shen, Jinqing, Xiaofei Zhang, and Yi He. "Blind Joint DOA and Polarization Estimation for Polarization-Sensitive Coprime Arrays Via Reduced-Dimensional Root Finding Approach." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 07 (September 6, 2019): 2050104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620501042.

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In this paper, we investigate the problem of blind joint multi-parameter estimation for polarization-sensitive coprime linear arrays (PS-CLAs). We propose a reduced-dimensional polynomial root finding approach, which first utilizes the relation between the two subarrays to reconstruct the spectrum function and then converts three-dimensional (3D) total spectral search (TSS) to one-dimensional (1D) TSS. Furthermore, 1D polynomial root finding technique is employed to obtain the ambiguous direction of arrival (DOA) estimates, for further saving the computational cost. Finally, the true DOA estimates can be obtained based on the arrangements with coprime property, and subsequently the polarization parameters can be estimated through pairing. In addition, the matching error of false targets can be avoided due to the relation between the two subarrays. The proposed approach only requires about 0.01% computational complexity of the 1D TSS method to achieve the same estimation performance and behaves better in resolution. Simulations are provided to validate the superiority of the proposed approach.

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Chapman, Thandeka K., Makeba Jones, Ramon Stephens, Dolores Lopez, Kirk D. Rogers, and James Crawford. "A Necessary Pairing: Using Academic Outcomes and Critical Consciousness to Dismantle Curriculum as the Property of Whiteness in K-12 Ethnic Studies." Equity & Excellence in Education 53, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 570–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10665684.2020.1791767.

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Xu, Ding Jie, Mo Xuan Li, and Xian Peng Wang. "Improved Algorithm for Joint DOD and DOA Estimation in Bistatic MIMO Radar Based on Fourth Order Cumulants." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 2550–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.2550.

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An improved algorithm for joint direction of departure (DOD) and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in bistatic MIMO radar based on fourth order cumulants is presented. Firstly, the data of receiver is reset and divided to acquire the rotational invariance property of transmitter and receiver, respectively. The fourth order cumulants matrixes in twain are constructed which are based on the basic definition of the cumulant. Then we use the propagator method (PM), which only requires linear operation but does not involve any eigendecomposition of the cumulant matrix, to estimate the DODs and DOAs, respectively. Finally, the maximum likelihood method is used to solve the pairing problem. The proposed method is effective in prohibiting the Gaussian colored noise and improves the performance of the angle estimation slightly. It does not need two-dimensional spectrum peak searching and eigenvalue decomposition on the cumulant matrix, thus the computation complexity is reduced. At the same time, it has no exceptive claim on the number of receive arrays or receive arrays. Simulation results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.

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Wien, Frank, Krzysztof Kubiak, Florian Turbant, Kevin Mosca, Grzegorz Węgrzyn, and Véronique Arluison. "Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism, a New Tool to Probe Interactions between Nucleic Acids Involved in the Control of ColE1-Type Plasmid Replication." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (March 3, 2022): 2639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052639.

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Hfq is a bacterial master regulator which promotes the pairing of nucleic acids. Due to the high molecular weight of the complexes formed between nucleic acids and the amyloid form of the protein, it is difficult to analyze solely by a gel shift assay the complexes formed, as they all migrate at the same position in the gel. In addition, precise kinetics measurements are not possible using a gel shift assay. Here, we used a synchrotron-based biophysical approach, synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD), to probe the interaction of the Escherichia coli Hfq C-terminal amyloid region with nucleic acids involved in the control of ColE1-like plasmid replication. We observed that this C-terminal region of Hfq has an unexpected and significant effect on the annealing of nucleic acids involved in this process and, more importantly, on their alignment. Functional consequences of this newly discovered property of the Hfq amyloid region are discussed in terms of the biological significance of Hfq in the ColE1-type plasmid replication process and antibiotic resistance.

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Namazi, Hamidreza, and Mona Kiminezhadmalaie. "Diagnosis of Lung Cancer by Fractal Analysis of Damaged DNA." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/242695.

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Cancer starts when cells in a part of the body start to grow out of control. In fact cells become cancer cells because of DNA damage. A DNA walk of a genome represents how the frequency of each nucleotide of a pairing nucleotide couple changes locally. In this research in order to study the cancer genes, DNA walk plots of genomes of patients with lung cancer were generated using a program written in MATLAB language. The data so obtained was checked for fractal property by computing the fractal dimension using a program written in MATLAB. Also, the correlation of damaged DNA was studied using the Hurst exponent measure. We have found that the damaged DNA sequences are exhibiting higher degree of fractality and less correlation compared with normal DNA sequences. So we confirmed this method can be used for early detection of lung cancer. The method introduced in this research not only is useful for diagnosis of lung cancer but also can be applied for detection and growth analysis of different types of cancers.

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Liu, Feilong, Xianpeng Wang, Mengxing Huang, Liangtian Wan, Huafei Wang, and Bin Zhang. "A Novel Unitary ESPRIT Algorithm for Monostatic FDA-MIMO Radar." Sensors 20, no. 3 (February 4, 2020): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030827.

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A novel unitary estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) algorithm, for the joint direction of arrival (DOA) and range estimation in a monostatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with a frequency diverse array (FDA), is proposed. Firstly, by utilizing the property of Centro-Hermitian of the received data, the extended real-valued data is constructed to improve estimation accuracy and reduce computational complexity via unitary transformation. Then, to avoid the coupling between the angle and range in the transmitting array steering vector, the DOA is estimated by using the rotation invariance of the receiving subarrays. Thereafter, an automatic pairing method is applied to estimate the range of the target. Since phase ambiguity is caused by the phase periodicity of the transmitting array steering vector, a removal method of phase ambiguity is proposed. Finally, the expression of Cramér–Rao Bound (CRB) is derived and the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is compared with the ESPRIT algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulation results.

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Niven, Robert K. "Invariance Properties of the Entropy Production, and the Entropic Pairing of Inertial Frames of Reference by Shear-Flow Systems." Entropy 23, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): 1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23111515.

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This study examines the invariance properties of the thermodynamic entropy production in its global (integral), local (differential), bilinear, and macroscopic formulations, including dimensional scaling, invariance to fixed displacements, rotations or reflections of the coordinates, time antisymmetry, Galilean invariance, and Lie point symmetry. The Lie invariance is shown to be the most general, encompassing the other invariances. In a shear-flow system involving fluid flow relative to a solid boundary at steady state, the Galilean invariance property is then shown to preference a unique pair of inertial frames of reference—here termed an entropic pair—respectively moving with the solid or the mean fluid flow. This challenges the Newtonian viewpoint that all inertial frames of reference are equivalent. Furthermore, the existence of a shear flow subsystem with an entropic pair different to that of the surrounding system, or a subsystem with one or more changing entropic pair(s), requires a source of negentropy—a power source scaled by an absolute temperature—to drive the subsystem. Through the analysis of different shear flow subsystems, we present a series of governing principles to describe their entropic pairing properties and sources of negentropy. These are unaffected by Galilean transformations, and so can be understood to “lie above” the Galilean inertial framework of Newtonian mechanics. The analyses provide a new perspective into the field of entropic mechanics, the study of the relative motions of objects with friction.

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Wu, Dezhen, Jialu Li, Jinyao Tang, and Zhenmeng Peng. "Electrochemical Ethylamine Dehydrogenation to Acetonitrile on Platinum-Based Catalysts." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 44 (August 28, 2023): 2372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01442372mtgabs.

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Hydrogen storage is a crucial link between green hydrogen generation by water electrolysis and hydrogen application in fuel cells. We very recently reported a new, electrochemical ethylamine/acetonitrile redox method for hydrogen storage [1]. This method realizes hydrogen uptake by pairing acetonitrile hydrogenation to ethylamine reaction (AHR) on cathode and hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) on anode, and realizes hydrogen release by pairing ethylamine dehydrogenation to acetonitrile reaction (EDR) on anode and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on cathode. With 8.9 wt.% theoretical storage capacity and ambient reaction conditions being demonstrated in the study, this method shows a great potential to advance hydrogen storage technology and meet the DOE target. One remaining challenge of this method was a rapid activity decay of the used commercial platinum catalyst (Pt/C) in the EDR, which caused a long-term durability issue. In this work, we report our fundamental study of Pt catalyst deactivation mechanism in EDR and the discovery of new Pt-based catalysts. Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) was employed for characterizing working catalyst surface under reactive conditions. Partially dehydrogenated intermediate species were observed to generate on Pt surface, which strongly adsorbed and caused an accumulation and blockage of the active sites. Interestingly, the catalyst showed a self-cleaning property where the intermediates can be hydrogenated back to ethylamine and released from Pt surface below 0 V vs. RHE. A group of Pt-Ni alloy catalysts were prepared and investigated the composition effect in this reaction, among which Pt3Ni exhibited 75% higher activity and significantly improved stability compared to Pt. ATR-IR experiments showed that the accumulation of intermediates on the Pt3Ni surface was much slower than that on the Pt, attributed to weakened adsorption. This work provides mechanistic insights into EDR reaction pathways and the cause of Pt catalyst deactivation and offers a Pt alloy strategy for active and stable catalyst design. [1] Wu, D.; Li, J.; Yao, L.; Xie, R.; Peng, Z. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13, 55292 (2021).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pairing property'

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