Dissertations / Theses: 'Paired'

1

Joscelyne, Trish. "Peer-tutored paired reading." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332012.

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Okamoto, Heidi. "Stimulus preference assessment methods with preschool children: Computer paired stimulus vs. traditional paired stimulus." Scholarly Commons, 2005. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2664.

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Identifying potential reinforcers is an integral part to many behavior modification plans. The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast two methods of stimulus preference assessment (paired stimulus computer and a traditional paired stimulus with tangible and symbolic items) using typically developing preschool children. The participants were four 3-5 year old children recruited from a childcare facility in Stockton, CA. Both methods of stimulus preference assessment were administered to them and reinforcer assessments were conducted. Kendall Rank Correlations between the two methods were low. Both methods produced hierarchies of preference. Both methods produced a reinforcement effect and the difference between the magnitude of reinforcement for the computer and the traditional method was only statistically significant with one child (favoring the computer). The computer method was significantly more time efficient than the traditional method.

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Marco, Aguilar Ines. "Six Houses, Paired 2-2." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-14983.

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A construction project including planning, cost estimation and design of ”Six Houses, Paired 2-2” on a property in the city of Halmstad.
Ett byggnadsprojekt med planering, kostnadsberäkning och projektering av ”Six Houses, Paired 2-2” på en fastighet i Halmstad.

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Sjölander, Morné Rowan. "SL-model for paired comparisons." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/605.

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The method of paired comparisons can be found all the way back to 1860, where Fechner made the first publication in this method, using it for his psychometric investigations [4]. Thurstone formalised the method by providing a mathematical background to it [9-11] and in 1927 the method’s birth took place with his psychometric publications, one being “a law of comparative judgment” [12-14]. The law of comparative judgment is a set of equations relating the proportion of times any stimulus k is judged greater on a given attribute than any other stimulus j to the scales and discriminal dispersions of the two stimuli on the psychological continuum. The amount of research done for discrete models of paired comparisons is not a lot. This study develops a new discrete model, the SL-model for paired comparisons. Paired comparisons data processing in which objects have an upper limit to their scores was also not yet developed, and making such a model is one of the aims of this report. The SLmodel is thus developed in this context; however, the model easily generalises to not necessarily having an upper limit on scores.

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Proffitt, Kenneth Eugene. "Paired-domination in grid graphs." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2001. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0213101-214504/restricted/proffittk.pdf.

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Sjolander, Morne Rowan. "Time series models for paired comparisons." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012858.

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The method of paired comparisons is seen as a technique used to rank a set of objects with respect to an abstract or immeasurable property. To do this, the objects get to be compared two at a time. The results are input into a model, resulting in numbers known as weights being assigned to the objects. The weights are then used to rank the objects. The method of paired comparisons was first used for psychometric investigations. Various other applications of the method are also present, for example economic applications, and applications in sports statistics. This study involves taking paired comparison models and making them time-dependent. Not much research has been done in this area. Three new time series models for paired comparisons are created. Simulations are done to support the evidence obtained, and theoretical as well as practical examples are given to illustrate the results and to verify the efficiency of the new models. A literature study is given on the method of paired comparisons, as well as on the areas in which we apply our models. Our first two time series models for paired comparisons are the Linear-Trend Bradley- Terry Model and the Sinusoidal Bradley-Terry Model. We use the maximum likelihood approach to solve these models. We test our models using exact and randomly simulated data for various time periods and various numbers of objects. We adapt the Linear-Trend Bradley-Terry Model and received our third time series model for paired comparisons, the Log Linear-Trend Bradley-Terry Model. The daily maximum and minimum temperatures were received for Port Elizabeth, Uitenhage and Coega for 2005 until 2009. To evaluate the performance of the Linear-Trend Bradley-Terry Model and the Sinusoidal Bradley-Terry Model on estimating missing temperature data, we artificially remove observations of temperature from Coega’s temperature dataset for 2006 until 2008, and use various forms of these models to estimate the missing data points. The exchange rates for 2005 until 2008 between the following currencies: the Rand, Dollar, Euro, Pound and Yen, were obtained and various forms of our Log Linear-Trend Bradley-Terry Model are used to forecast the exchange rate for one day ahead for each month in 2006 until 2008. One of the features of this study is that we apply our time series models for paired comparisons to areas which comprise non-standard paired comparisons; and we want to encourage the use of the method of paired comparisons in a broader sense than what it is traditionally used for. The results of this study can be used in various other areas, like for example, in sports statistics, to rank the strength of sports players and predict their future scores; in Physics, to calculate weather risks of electricity generation, particularly risks related to nuclear power plants, and so forth, as well as in many other areas. It is hoped that this research will open the door to much more research in combining time series analysis with the method of paired comparisons.

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Venter, Daniel Jacobus Lodewyk. "An evaluation of paired comparison models." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/364.

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Introduction: A typical task in quantitative data analysis is to derive estimates of population parameters based on sample statistics. For manifest variables this is usually a straightforward process utilising suitable measurement instruments and standard statistics such the mean, median and standard deviation. Latent variables on the other hand are typically more elusive, making it difficult to obtain valid and reliable measurements. One of the most widely used methods of estimating the parameter value of a latent variable is to use a summated score derived from a set of individual scores for each of the various attributes of the latent variable. A serious limitation of this method and other similar methods is that the validity and reliability of measurements depend on whether the statements included in the questionnaire cover all characteristics of the variable being measured and also on respondents’ ability to correctly indicate their perceived assessment of the characteristics on the scale provided. Methods without this limitation and that are especially useful where a set of objects/entities must be ranked based on the parameter values of one or more latent variables, are methods of paired comparisons. Although the underlying assumptions and algorithms of these methods often differ dramatically, they all rely on data derived from a series of comparisons, each consisting of a pair of specimens selected from the set of objects/entities being investigated. Typical examples of the comparison process are: subjects (judges) who have to indicate for each pair of objects which of the two they prefer; sport teams that compete against each other in matches that involve two teams at a time. The resultant data of each comparison range from a simple dichotomy to indicate which of the two objects are preferred/better, to an interval or ratio scale score for e d Bradley-Terry models, and were based on statistical theory assuming that the variable(s) being measured is either normally (Thurstone-Mosteller) or exponentially (Bradley-Terry) distributed. For many years researchers had to rely on these PCM’s when analysing paired comparison data without any idea about the implications if the distribution of the data from which their sample were obtained differed from the assumed distribution for the applicable PCM being utilised. To address this problem, PCM’s were subsequently developed to cater for discrete variables and variables with distributions that are neither normal or exponential. A question that remained unanswered is how the performance, as measured by the accuracy of parameter estimates, of PCM's are affected if they are applied to data from a range of discrete and continuous distribution that violates the assumptions on which the applicable paired comparison algorithm is based. This study is an attempt to answer this question by applying the most popular PCM's to a range of randomly derived data sets that spans typical continuous and discrete data distributions. It is hoped that the results of this study will assist researchers when selecting the most appropriate PCM to obtain accurate estimates of the parameters of the variables in their data sets.

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Dittrich, Regina, Brian Francis, and Walter Katzenbeisser. "Temporal dependence in longitudinal paired comparisons." Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1452/1/document.pdf.

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This paper develops a new approach to the analysis of longitudinal paired comparison data, where comparisons of the same objects by the same judges are made on more than one occasion. As an alternative to other recent approaches to such data, which are based on Kalman filter- ing, our approach treats the problem as one of multivariate multinomial data, allowing dependence terms between comparisons over time to be incorporated. The resulting model can be fitted as a Poisson log-linear model and has parallels with the quadratic binary exponential distribution of Cox. An example from the British Household Panel Survey illustrates the approach. (author´s abstract)
Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics

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Hatzinger, Reinhold, and Brian Francis. "Fitting paired comparison models in R." Institut für Statistik und Mathematik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2004. http://epub.wu.ac.at/740/1/document.pdf.

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Paired comparison models in loglinear form are generalised linear models and can be fitted using the IWLS algorithm. Unfortunately, the design matrices can become very large and thus a method is needed to reduce computational load (relating to both space and time). This paper discusses an algorithm for fitting loglinear paired comparison models in the presence of many nuisance parameters which is based on partition rules for symmetric matrices and takes advantage of the special structure of the design matrix in Poisson loglinear models. The algorithm is implemented as an R function. Some simple examples illustrate its use for fitting both paired comparison models and (multinomial) logit models. (author's abstract)
Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics

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Ramírez-Robredo, J. Antonio (José Antonio) 1976. "Paired simulation of I/O automata." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86831.

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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-90).
by J. Antonio Ramírez-Robredo.
M.Eng.

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Daniel, Mara S. (Mara Stephanie) 1982. "The structure of paired boson superfluids." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32735.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 31).
This paper investigates classical and quantum mechanical models of superfluids and superfluid vortices using the Ginsburg Landau energy equation. Specifically, two types of superfluids are considered, ordinary superfluids where single bosons condense to form a strongly correlated system and superfluids where pairs of bosons condense to form a strongly correlated system while the single bosons remain uncondensed. First, the classical minimum energy configuration for an ordinary superfluid with and without a vortex was calculated. Additionally, the phase diagram for the exotic superfluid created by treating single bosons separately from pairs of bosons was determined as was the minimum energy state for each phase. Using these results, I then quantized the Ginsburg-Landau energy and investigated the possibility of excited states by creating small quantum mechanical oscillations about the classical minima. In the uniform superfluid, both the ordinary and exotic superfluids are able to support low energy excitations in the form of sound waves. In addition, the exotic superfluid has a gapped excitation that is a remanant of the uncondensed boson. Finally, the formalism for studying the modes of small oscillation about the classical minimum was developed for the superfluid vortex.
by Mara S. Daniel.
S.B.

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12

Odijie, Charles. "Design of paired column semisubmersible hull." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/86961/.

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There is a constant effort to reconfigure column stabilized semisubmersible unit to meet the challenging demands associated with deep water exploration. Paired column semisubmersible platform is one of the recent column stabilized semisubmersible hull configured to allow top-deck well head compatibility for oil reserves in deep waters. Its unique ability to maintain reduced vertical motion in extreme weather conditions despite its hull size and payload create a high payload to motion ratio, as compare to conventional semisubmersible hulls. This unique feature makes it recommendable for other hull applications in ocean engineering. A study has been carried out to harness this high payload to motion ratio offered by this new hull concept in the development of drilling and production platforms in deep waters, support and foundation systems. Numerical models were developed to understand the semisubmersible hull (dynamics of the reduced vertical motion and its ability to withstand bending and twisting behaviour from extreme wave conditions). Prior to this, a preliminary CFD model was developed in to understand the vortex shedding effect on the arrayed columns. An experimental setup was also put together to understand this motion behaviour, alongside a detailed review of the first model. The motion response of a scaled hull model was studied in a wave tank with a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) system known as Imetrum. To further investigate its application for other ocean depths and support systems, series of hydrodynamic models were developed in ANSYS AQWA with weather conditions as recommended by API, DNV, and ABS. The AQWA model was validated with results recorded by Imetrum system from the wave tank experimental test. The wave forces and moments were studied for different draft sizes and ocean conditions, and their response where checked in ORCAFLEX. A finite element model was finally developed in APDL to understand the nature and effect of stresses from wave, current and wind loads, alongside topside integration. The results obtained from the FE model was use to postulate reinforcement during scantling, for different hull applications. The results for motion response showed favourable heeling moment for smaller draft sizes as recommended by regulatory bodies, but a reconfiguration for heave displacement might be required for smaller draft size. In such case, an increase in pontoon area or an additional heave plate attachment has been recommended. Furthermore, the effect of wavecurrent interactions was observed to create unique motion behaviour for all draft sizes at resonance frequency range. A fluid-structure interaction model of multi-phase flow will be required to understand this behaviour. The stress concentration on the columns generated from hydrodynamic loads was observed to be higher on the inner columns, relative to the outer ones.

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13

Li, Yuan. "Modelling and evaluation of paired-comparison experiments." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.578648.

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Paired-comparison is a popular method for deriving scale values; scale values are numbers that represent observers' psychophysical responses to sets of physical stimuli. The method requires that each observer is presented with pairs of stimuli and is asked which of the pair is greater in terms of the psychophysical property being investigated (for example, which of the pair is lighter). However, it is time consuming (especially when the number of stimuli n is large) since there are n(n-l )/2 possible paired comparisons and all of these must be considered. It is possible to carry out a so-called incomplete paired-comparison experiment where only a proportion p (0 < p < 1) of the pairs are considered. This thesis primarily addresses questions about the design of incomplete paired-comparison experiments. For instance, what is the smallest value of p and how few observers are required that still allows reliable estimates of the scale values? Monte-Carlo computational simulations were carried out with an ideal observer model assigned with bias. Data were analyzed based on Morrissey's least-squares solution. This evaluation indicated that satisfactory results can be obtained with as few as 30% (in the case where each observer compared the same pairs) or ...... 10% (in the case where each observer compared different pairs) of paired comparisons. However, the actual proportion of paired comparisons depends upon k (the number of observers) and n (the number of stimuli). A table was produced that indicated the value of p required (for various values of n and k) required to give a certain level of performance (this was somewhat arbitrarily defined as r2 = 0.95; where r is the expected Pearson product- moment correlation coefficient between the estimated scale values and their true values). A psychophysical experiment was conducted employing both the paired-comparison method and the categorical judgement method to estimate scale values. Results from the paired-comparison experiment were consistent with those predicted from the Monte-Carlo computational simulations. The paired-comparison experiment was analysed for various values of p and its performance compared with results from the categorical judgement method where n = 10. For the paired-comparison method where p = 1 (where all of the pairs are considered) the estimated scale values were more accurate than those from the categorical judgement experiment; however, as p reduces, the accuracy of the scale values from the paired-comparison method also reduced. The point where the two techniques gave broadly similar performance was at p = 0.2 (where each observer compared different sets of pairs) or p = 0.4 (where all observers compared the same set of pairs),

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Joshi, Mark S. (Mark Suresh). "A precision calculus of paired Lagrangian distributions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33512.

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Xu, Wenjing. "Crystal structure of paired domain--DNA complex." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32666.

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Anguiano, Ella Monique. "Optically Paired Microfluidics for E. coli Detection." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612562.

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Escherichia coli is a diverse bacterium that inhabits the lower intestine of warm-blooded animals. While most strains are harmless, some are pathogenic and can cause food poisoning, intestinal damage, and other illness. Annually, 380,000 people die from E. coli-triggered diarrhea. Our design team aims to create a low-cost, optically-paired paper microfluidic sensor that detects E. coli presence and concentration in water samples. A paper microfluidic assay platform was chosen for its properties of being inexpensive, biodegradable, and nontoxic. The paper microfluidic strips are imbued with antibody-conjugated latex particles. These particles bond with each other in the presence of E. coli, which allows for optical detection using the changed intensity of light reflected from the surface of the chip. Our model has a sensor device where the user collects a water sample, dips a paper microfluidic strip into it, then inserts that strip into an optical detector that uses light scattering to quantify E. coli concentration. The sensor microcontroller and components will be housed in a durable 3D-printed casing that optimally positions the optical setup and feeds results to a compact LCD display. This sensor will be flexible for a range of microfluidic systems.

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DOWNS, ALEXANDRA MICHELLE, BAILEY WARNER, ELLA ANGUIANO, and VICKI CHU. "OPTICALLY-PAIRED MICROFLUIDICS FOR E. COLI DETECTION." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612884.

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Escherichia coli is a diverse bacterium that inhabits the lower intestine of warm-blooded animals. While most strains are harmless, a handful are pathogenic and can cause food poisoning, intestinal damage, and other illness. Each year, 380,000 people die from E. coli-triggered diarrhea. To combat this, our design team has created a low-cost, optically-paired paper microfluidic sensor that detects E. coli presence and concentration in water samples. A paper microfluidic assay platform was chosen for its properties of being inexpensive, biodegradable, and nontoxic. The paper microfluidic strips are imbued with antibody-conjugated latex particles. These particles bond in the presence of E. coli, which will allow for optical detection using the change in intensity of light reflected from the surface of the chip. Our conceptual model has a sensor device where the user collects a water sample, dips a paper microfluidic strip into it, then inserts that strip into an optical detector that uses light scattering to quantify E. coli concentration. The sensor microcontroller and components is housed in a durable 3D-printed casing that optimally positions the optical setup and feeds results to a compact LCD display. This sensor is flexible for a range of microfluidic systems.

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Kley, Katharina. "Interactional competence in paired speaking tests: role of paired task and test-taker speaking ability in co-constructed discourse." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1663.

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This dissertation centers on the under-researched construct of interactional competence, which refers to features of jointly constructed discourse. When applied to the testing of speaking skills in a second language, interactional competence refers to features of the discourse that the two students produce together; rather than the speaking ability or performance of each person individually. This dissertation describes the construct of interactional competence in a low-stakes, paired speaking test setting targeted at students in their second year of German instruction at the college level. The purpose of this study is two-fold. First, the study analyzes the conversational resources that are co-constructed in the test discourse to maintain mutual understanding, which is considered the basis for interactional competence. Second, the study examines the impact of task (jigsaw task and discussion task) and speaking ability-level combination (same and different ability) in the test-taker pair on the co-constructed test discourse and thus on the deployment of the conversational resources to maintain intersubjectivity. In that respect, this study also seeks to analyze how the identified conversational resources are involved in establishing and negotiating language ability identities that are displayed in the test discourse. Conversation analytic conventions were used to investigate the interactional resources that test takers deploy to maintain mutual understanding. The procedures of repair (self-repair in response to other-initiated repair, inter-turn delays, and misunderstandings as well as other-repair in conjunction with word search activities) that emerged from the inductive analysis of the test discourse have broadened the conceptualization of interactional competence in the context of paired speaking assessments. Frequency distributions of the interactional resources were created to provide a better understanding of the impact of task and ability-level combination on the co-constructed repair procedures. The rationale behind this analysis is the general understanding of language testers that both resources and context influence test performance. The findings from the quantitative analysis suggest that there are more similarities than differences in repair use across the jigsaw task and the discussion task. In addition, even though some trends in the co-construction of repair procedures may be attributed to the higher or lower speaking ability of the test takers, the relationship between the ability-level combination in the pair and the use of repair seems to be rather variable. Finally, to learn more about the interrelationship between test takers’ speaking ability and interactional competence, this dissertation also approached speaking ability in terms of test takers’ co-constructed language ability identities that are displayed in the test discourse. By means of single case analyses, the study provided a detailed picture of the relationship between language ability identities and the procedures of repair, both of which are co-constructed at the discourse level. The findings from the conversation analysis show that the speaker who provides the repair is usually able to position himself or herself as the more competent or proficient speaker in the test discourse.

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Hallinan, Shawn E. "Paired Comparison Models for Ranking National Soccer Teams." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050505-154305/.

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Zou, Lu. "Paired treatments comparisons using multiple incomplete longitudinal biomarkers." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.575717.

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This is a data-driven study using clinical data provided by UK international company. Their objective was to evaluate biomarkers as surrogate endpoints of the clinical outcomes and specifically to investigate differences between two treatments based on biomarkers. The study raised three issues which are common in clinical trials: surrogate validation (especially with multiple surrogates), missing value imputation and treatment comparison. Biomarkers have been widely used as surrogate endpoints in clinical studies. In the current study, multiple biomarkers were suggested as substitutes for the clinical scores. However, the validation of these is needed. Prentice's validation approach has been popular since the late 1900s. Many researchers have developed their methods based within Prentice's framework, such as Prentice's criteria, Freedman's Proportion Explained (PE), two-level validation (Buyse and Molenberghs, 1998) and the unifying validation using Likelihood Reduction Factor (LRF) by Alonso et al (2006). This thesis concentrates on the latter two approaches, extending it to the case of multiple (>2) surrogates with mix variable types of endpoints in the context of repeated measures. Incomplete data or missing values is an issue common to many fields and is a considerable complication here, with both categorical and continuous variables affected. Multiple biomarkers were involved simultaneously in the imputations. The possible methods studied and compared are K Nearest Neighbours imputation, Expectation Maximization algorithm and Additive Regression with Mean Matching Prediction. EM imputation was employed and adapted to handle multiple continuous variables and complete longitudinal data, using the basic idea of the chained equation, and in data with a 'File-matching' structure, where the biomarkers were never jointly observed. Further areas of development are identified, particularly to enhance the flexibility of coping with a mixture of types of variables. As a result, more sophisticated analyses can be applied on the completed data to investigate the treatment effects. The treatment differences thus are discriminated by biomarkers using a mixed effects model with multiple modelling levels.

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Topping, Keith J. "Outcome evaluation of the Kirklees Paired Reading Project." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1990. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1799/.

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The impact of services to help schools to guide and support parents (and peer tutors) in the use of the Paired Reading technique for improving children's reading was evaluated. Compared to all studies previously reported in the literature taken together, the Kirklees research yielded more than double the volume of pre-post norm referenced outcome data, double the amount of control or comparison group data and triple the amount of follow-up data. Additionally, in Kirklees baseline data were compared with pre-post data to give a time series comparison. Although outcomes on reading tests were slightly less favourable than those selectively reported in the previous literature, the research suggested that an adequate level of effectiveness was possible in a large field study incorporating many schools in one Local Education Authority, representing a significant test of the generalisability and replicability of the technique. The Kirklees study also examined the influence of a number of organisational, demographic and within-subject factors as they related to outcomes. In addition a very large volume of subjective feedback from teacher, parent and child participants was collected in a systematic way, and proved extremely positive. The research also examined the inter-relationship of the various outcome measures deployed with a view to assessing their relative reliability and validity for this purpose. As very few process data were gathered it was not possible to demonstrate what proportion of participants actually utilised the Paired Reading technique in the way they were trained. It is thus difficult to partial out to what extent the positive outcomes are due to the impact of the technique and/or the service delivery support package. However, the technique and service delivery package combined are suggested by the data to be associated with improvements in children's reading skill and attitude to reading. The study provides a number of pointers to the probable success of the Paired Reading approach but conclusive evidence on this must await the findings of properly controlled studies.

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Owens, Andrew (Andrew Hale). "Learning visual models from paired audio-visual examples." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107352.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 93-104).
From the clink of a mug placed onto a saucer to the bustle of a busy café, our days are filled with visual experiences that are accompanied by distinctive sounds. In this thesis, we show that these sounds can provide a rich training signal for learning visual models. First, we propose the task of predicting the sound that an object makes when struck as a way of studying physical interactions within a visual scene. We demonstrate this idea by training an algorithm to produce plausible soundtracks for videos in which people hit and scratch objects with a drumstick. Then, with human studies and automated evaluations on recognition tasks, we verify that the sounds produced by the algorithm convey information about actions and material properties. Second, we show that ambient audio - e.g., crashing waves, people speaking in a crowd - can also be used to learn visual models. We train a convolutional neural network to predict a statistical summary of the sounds that occur within a scene, and we demonstrate that the visual representation learned by the model conveys information about objects and scenes.
by Andrew Owens.
Ph. D.

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Vo, Tuongvi N. "Paired Reading Intervention for Limited English Proficient Students." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1311774375.

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Jha, Prakash Teknarayan. "Optimizing Paired Kidney Transplant by Applying Machine Learning." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1301028157.

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Corkins, Jacob. "Paired Poems in Robert Browning's Men and Women." University of Toledo Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=uthonors1386930323.

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Yang, Chul Ho. "Paired Interactions between Kir channels and Tertiapin-Q." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3183.

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Kir channels serve diverse and important roles throughout the human body and malfunctions of these channels are implicated in various channelopathies. Specific inhibitors for different subtypes of Kir channels are not available. However, Tertiapin-Q (TPNQ), a polypeptide isolated from honey bee venom, differentially inhibits certain subtypes of Kir channels with nanomolar affinity: ROMK1 (Kir1.1) and GIRK1/GIRK4 (Kir3.1/Kir3.4). Modification of TPNQ to increase selectivity for target channels bears great therapeutic potential. The in silico studies based on TPNQ-docked channel models, ROMK1_IRK2 (Kir1.1_Kir2.2) and GIRK2 (Kir3.2), predicted specific paired residue interactions and were experimentally validated here. In ROMK1 E123A mutant, the TPNQ sensitivity was decreased by ~2-fold while GIRK2 E127A mutant reduced the TPNQ sensitivity by greater than 10-fold. Also, we could observe the additional effect, ~ 18 fold, of GIRK1 subunits, ~1.7 fold, and E127A mutation, ~10 fold, on the TPNQ sensitivity in the heteromeric mutant channel, GIRK1/GIRK2 E152D_E127A as compared with the homomeric GIRK2 E152D. Finally, we introduced the Kir3.2 E152D mutant as a good representative of wild-type behavior particularly for the TPNQ study. Overall, this type of structure-function studies suggests an efficient and cost effective way toward design and development of specific Kir channel blockers by targeting on specific paired interactions between TPNQ and the Kir channels.

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Dwyer, Theodore James. "An Assessment of Paired Similarities and Card Sorting." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000158.

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Fierro, Murga Leobardo. "Analysis of countercurrent exchange between paired blood vessels." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186130.

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Throughout much of the blood circulatory system, supply vessels (arteries and arterioles) are situated adjacent to corresponding draining vessels (veins and venules), which flow in the opposite direction. In this dissertation, mathematical models are developed to describe diffusive exchange of heat, oxygen and inert gases between such paired countercurrent blood vessels and surrounding tissue. In preliminary analyses, exchange between a single vessel and surrounding tissue is considered. The concept of equilibration length is developed. Then a well-known solution for two-dimensional diffusion between two vessels situated in an infinite domain is presented. This provides a basis for developing semianalytic solutions for two vessels situated in a cylindrical tissue region with Dirichlet or zero-flux conditions at the outer boundary. A general approach is then developed for obtaining semianalytic solutions for domains with non-circular cross-sections, and applied to the case of a rectangular domain. The governing equations for paired blood vessels are then solved to obtain the axial variation of temperature or concentration for a variety of cases, including Dirichlet and zero-flux boundary conditions, with and without deposition or consumption of heat or gas. For the Dirichlet case, the equilibration length is compared to that for a single vessel, showing that equilibrium is achieved more rapidly when a single vessel is replaced by two vessels with the same diameter as the single vessel. For the zero-flux case, particular solutions to the full three-dimensional diffusion equation in the tissue are obtained from the two-dimensional solutions. The total transport (convective and diffusive) in the axial direction is evaluated, with and without consumption/deposition, and the results are interpreted in terms of an enhanced diffusivity. Finally, the complementary roles of convection and diffusion in mass and heat transport in the axial direction are considered. It is shown that as vessel diameter decreases, countercurrent exchange eventually results in a reduction of convective transport. Axial diffusion becomes significant at approximately the same range of diameters. This finding is interpreted in terms of the efficiency by which a branching network can transport heat and mass to its extremities.

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Hicks, Jonathan Wesley. "Modeling the Progression of Discrete Paired Longitudinal Data." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1963.

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It is our intention to derive a methodology for which to model discrete paired longitudinal data. Through the use of transition matrices and maximum likelihood estimation techniques by means of software, we develop a way to model the progression of such data. We provide an example by applying this method to the Wisconsin Epidemiological Study of Diabetic Retinopathy data set. The data set is comprised of individuals, all diabetics, who have had their eyes examined for diabetic retinopathy. The eyes are treated as paired data, and we have the results of the examination at the four unequally spaced time points spanning over a fourteen year duration.

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Burchett, Paul Asa. "Paired and Total Domination on the Queen's Graph." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1055.

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The Queen’s domination problem has a long and rich history. The problem can be simply stated as: What is the minimum number of queens that can be placed on a chessboard so that all squares are attacked or occupied by a queen? The problem has been expanded to include not only the standard 8x8 board, but any rectangular m×n sized board. In this thesis, we consider both paired and total domination versions of this renowned problem.

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Robbins, Daniel. "Resistance training efficiency : The efficacy of paired sets." Thesis, University of Ballarat, 2009. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/46156.

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A paired set (PS) refers to the coupling of exercises targeting agonist-antagonist muscle groups and performed coincidentally. Although PS have been prescribed by strength and conditioning coaches as a means of developing strength and power, scientific research investigating their efficacy is limited. The aim of this research was to investigate not only the efficacy of PS, but also their efficiency.
Doctor of Philosophy

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Bornscheid, Jens. "Stapled Stock = (Verbundaktien) /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/502180196.pdf.

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Mpapela, Sinazo. "Models for forecasting residential property prices using paired comparisons." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5839.

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Residential real estate forecasting has become a part of the larger process of business planning and strategic management. Several studies of housing price trends recommend confining statistical analysis to repeated sales of residential property. This study presents an alternate methodology which combines information only on repeated residential sales regardless of the changes that has been made in the house in-between the sales. Additive and multiplicative models were used to forecast the residential property prices in Nelson Mandela Metropole. Data was collected from various sources and was reconciled into one data set for analysis through a process of data screening.

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Levinsen, Jesper F. "Paired fermionic superfluids with s- and p-wave interactions." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3284444.

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Roney-Dougal, Colva Mary. "Permutation groups with a unique nondiagonal self-paired orbital." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246981.

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Hatherley, Deborah. "Structural basis of ligand recognition by Myeloid Paired Receptors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543484.

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Wang, Linxiao. "Assessing interactional competence in second language paired speaking tasks." Thesis, Northern Arizona University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3713923.

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The last decade has witnessed growing awareness and use of paired speaking tasks in the field of second language (L2) assessment, resulting in calls for more studies on interactional competence (Ducasse & Brown, 2009; May, 2010; Taylor & Wigglesworth, 2009). This dissertation study aimed to account for the nature of peer-peer interaction in L2 paired speaking tasks through the perspectives of second language acquisition and task-based language assessment. This has been accomplished by addressing the following issues: first, understanding the construct of interactional competence at both macro- (i.e., overall interaction quality determined by degree of collaboration and task completion) and micro-levels (i.e., particular features in interactions); second, evaluating rating scales for interactional competence in terms of reliability and validity; third, examining the extent to which the distribution of interaction features predicted interaction scores; and lastly, investigating how task type affected interaction performance regarding interaction features, interaction patterns, and interaction scores. In total, 70 language learners in an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) program were paired and responded to four 2.5-minute interaction tasks. All interactions were scored on overall interaction quality by four raters using a new scale developed by the researcher and two existing scales. Then each individual interlocutor’s performance was coded for interaction features ranging from interactive listening to interactional management features. The data obtained were analyzed to answer the following questions: (1) Were hypothesized relations among interaction features supported empirically? (2) Was the new scale a reliable and valid measure? and (3) Did interaction features account for variance in interactional competence scores? Results helped refine understanding of interactional competence. First, the results of confirmatory factor analysis did not support the original model of interactive listening and interactional management features. Instead, interaction performance was better characterized by different communication functions of argument, discussion, support, and connection. Second, compared with the two existing scales, the new scale was a more reliable and valid measure. Third, features of topic connection, turn interruption, and turn overlapping were important indicators to predict scores generated by the new scale. Findings have implications for second language acquisition, L2 speaking assessment, and instruction. First, interactional competence could be operationalized in aspects of interaction features and patterns. Second, speaking assessment should include paired speaking tasks to reflect test-takers’ interactional speaking abilities. In addition, interaction rating scales should measure levels of interactions and task completeness status. Rater calibration is needed to ensure that consistent judgments can be delivered. Last, teachers can direct students’ attention to different interaction patterns and specific features, which characterize effective conversations. In summary, findings provide further understanding of interactional competence and offer insights into how to measure interaction competence in language classrooms.

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King, Bryant T. (Bryant Thomas) 1976. "Evaluation of collision altering system requirements for paired approach." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80653.

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Yan, Hao 1973. "Paired speech and gesture generation in embodied conversational agents." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70733.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-71).
Using face-to-face conversation as an interface metaphor, an embodied conversational agent is likely to be easier to use and learn than traditional graphical user interfaces. To make a believable agent that to some extent has the same social and conversational skills as humans do, the embodied conversational agent system must be able to deal with input of the user from different communication modalities such as speech and gesture, as well as generate appropriate behaviors for those communication modalities. In this thesis, I address the problem of paired speech and gesture generation in embodied conversational agents. I propose a real-time generation framework that is capable of generating a comprehensive description of communicative actions, including speech, gesture, and intonation, in the real-estate domain. The generation of speech, gesture, and intonation are based on the same underlying representation of real-estate properties, discourse information structure, intentional and attentional structures, and a mechanism to update the common ground between the user and the agent. Algorithms have been implemented to analyze the discourse information structure, contrast, and surprising semantic features, which together decide the intonation contour of the speech utterances and where gestures occur. I also investigate through a correlational study the role of communicative goals in determining the distribution of semantic features across speech and gesture modalities.
by Hao Yan.
S.M.

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Bey, Samer Abi Kaed. "Development of paired long period grating optical fibre sensors." Thesis, City University London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514498.

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Manidakis, Ioannis. "Paired pulse electrical stimulation in human intractable focal epilepsy." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/paired-pulse-electrical-stimulation-in-human-intractable-focal-epilepsy(0cae49bb-f24e-4036-a465-10a4b034ed51).html.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was the identification of synaptic changes related to epileptogenesis in patients investigated with intracranial recordings during presurgical assessment. Hypothesis: The following hypotheses were tested: 1. Suppression, depression or facilitation is related to seizure onset area. 2. The removal of the cortex showing suppression, depression or facilitation is associated with better surgery outcome. Methods: A total of 79 patients with intractable focal epilepsy in whom intracranial electrodes were implanted for assessment prior to epilepsy surgery were analysed, using paired pulse electrical stimulation. The amplitude of the response elicited from the first pulse (1st response) was compared with the amplitude of the response elicited from the second pulse (2nd response). Depending on if the 2nd response was absent, of reduced, increased or similar amplitude to that of the 1st response four different conditions were emerged: a) suppression, b) depression, c) facilitation, or d) no change. Results: The following results were noted: a) Suppression showed better relation with SO lobe than depression and facilitation b) In patients with focal onset, suppression was observed in the area surrounding the focus and c) Resection of the suppressed areas was found to be an unreliable marker of surgical outcome. Discussion: The distribution of suppression in seizure onset lobe and more specifically in the area surrounding the focus can be of particular interest to identify the epileptogenic lobe and to study the pathophysiology of human focal epilepsy.

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Workman, Constance Bradamanda Josephine. "Analyzing Peer Discourse Patterns During Paired Discussions About Literature." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524166853085813.

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Morey, Richard D. "Unidimensional absolute identification : magnitude estimation or paired-associated learning? /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1422947.

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Tollkühn, Jessica. "Regulation of cell lineage determination by a paired-like homeodomain." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3237558.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed December 13, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Lenton, Richard, and n/a. "Using the Method of Paired Comparisons in Non-Designed Experiments." Griffith University. School of Australian Environmental Studies, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20071221.111859.

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It is shown that a limitation of the various collation methods for paired comparison data currently available is their lack of validity when used in cases where the experiment is incomplete and particularly when the judgements are not replicated. Presented in this thesis is a reasonably thorough background to the method of paired comparisons and an overview of the existing methods for collating paired comparison data into a final ranking. As a result of the extensive review of existing collation methods, the thesis progresses logically to a new collation method that utilises all the available information from a set of pairwise preferences. The performance of the new collation method is extensively tested against existing methods by way of a simulation exercise which highlights the performance of the collation methods under different scenarios in terms of experiment size, experiment completeness and judgement consistency, as well as by considering the number of direct comparisons and the strength of competition. The new collation method and the existing collation method of Allen (1992) are applied to a set of real world data and the outcomes of the two methods are compared. The usefulness of paired comparisons in understanding the way judges use information to construct their own criteria when instructed to make preference decisions at a broad level is also considered and a real world application of this approach is performed. The main findings of this thesis are: FnThe new methodology generally provides an improved performance when there are more than 10 objects to be ranked; FnReplication of each pairwise judgement certainly improves the accuracy of the overall ranking, regardless of the level of judgement inconsistency; FnIn the case of non-replication, the accuracy of the final ranking greatly improves as judgement consistency improves. In other words, if it is not possible to replicate individual pairwise judgements then high judgement consistency is important for a reasonable result; In the case of replication, the accuracy of the returned ranking improves with judgement consistency only in the case of the new method. For the existing methods, the accuracy actually decreases marginally with the improvement of judgement consistency, particularly if there is a low level of experiment completeness; In terms of experiment completeness, for non-replicated experiments, there is an increase in the accuracy of the returned ranking as the proportion of possible pairwise preferences completed increases, but not to the same extent as an increase in judgement consistency. That is, judgement consistency is actually more important than experiment completeness. This suggests that control over the design of the experiment (the extent of completeness and which pairwise preferences are completed) is less important than judgement consistency and replication ¡V certainly a finding not found reported in the literature; The new method outperforms the existing methods when there is perfect or very high judgement consistency.

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Sheard, Erin Denise. "Robust false memory effects under conditions of paired-associate learning." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ50468.pdf.

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Faga, Kelly Jo Krogh. "Paired, developmental learning communities a case study of one institution /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2006.

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田珮芝 and Pui-chi Tin. "Detection of EGFR mutation in lung adenocarcinoma and paired plasma." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40737044.

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Ho, Man-wah Loretta, and 何敏華. "Student interaction and writing competence within a paired writing classroom." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41758134.

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Gogoi, Robindra Nathan. "Analysis of the paired-like homeobox gene DMBX in development." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414490.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Paired'

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