Academic literature on the topic 'Painrelief'

To evaluate the effects of epidural analgesia on the painrelief and maternal and fetal outcome. Study design: Comparative & analytical study. Place and Duration: In MilitaryHospital Rawalpindi fromOct 1998 to Oct 1999. Patients and Method: 100 full term healthy primigravida admitted forinduction of labour. Fifty patients were given epidural analgesia and 50 served as control to whom no analgesia wasgiven. Outcome measures observed were duration of labour, mode of delivery; Apgar score of the newborn; untowardreaction and intra-partum complications. Results: The data analysis revealed that epidural analgesia significantlyprolonged labour time and was associated with increased instrumental delivery rate. Significant reduction in intra-partumfetal complications was seen, while C-section rate was not effected by epidural analgesia. Apgar scores were higherin analgesia group as compared to control. Conclusion: Although accused of prolonging labour time, it’s benefits interms of great maternal satisfaction and reduced intra-partum complications still makes it an option for labouringpatients.

Background: In African traditional medicine, the dried pods of Xylopia aethiopica are frequently used to managedifferent human ailments. In Nigeria, it is consumed in soups after childbirth to aid in wound healing, painrelief, uterine recovery, and lactation. The study investigates the impact of Xylopia aethiopicafruit extract on painsensitivity using Wistar rats.Methods: Twelve female Wistar rats were divided into two groups (Group 1 - Control and Group 2 -100mg/kgXylopia aethiopicaextract-fed) and received standard rat chow and water for fourteen days following which painsensitivity was assessed using a hot plate. The results were presented as Mean and Independent Student T-testwas utilized for statistical analysis with significance determined at P≤0.05. Increased pain tolerance indicatedreduced sensitivity.The escape latencies of both groups were 5secs and 8 secs respectively. Group 2 demonstrated a noteworthyincrease in pain tolerance compared to Group 1 (P = 0.003). This experimental study indicates that the ethanoicextract of Xylopia aethiopicafruit has analgesic properties.Conclusion: The result of this study provides support for the use of dried Xylopia aethiopicapods in painmanagement across some communities in Southern Nigeria.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine whether thoracic epiduralanalgesia with bupivacaine is better than intravenous narcotic analgesia for pain relief inthoracotomy patients. Study design: Prospective randomized study. Setting: Department ofThoracic Surgery, Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases and Dow University of Health Sciences.Period: May 2014- Nov 2015. Methods: 144 patients were allocated randomly into 2 Groups.Group A received thoracic epidural analgesia with bupivacaine and Group B received intravenousnarcotic analgesia with tramadol. Pain was monitored in both groups using the VAS pain scaleevery hour for the first 6 hours and then at 20, 24, 30, and 48 hours postoperatively. Results: Itwas observed that Group A patients experienced less pain at rest, coughing and on movementsas compared to patients in Group B throughout the monitoring from first hour to 48 hourspostoperatively. There was no significant difference between the groups in respiratory rate, O2saturation, adverse effects and performance status on day one and day two postoperatively.The mean hospital stay after operation was 7 days in both groups. Conclusions: Optimal painrelief after thoracotomy improves patient recovery and satisfaction. We determined that thoracicepidural analgesia with bupivacaine is better than intravenous narcotic analgesia for pain reliefin thoracotomy patients.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the topical GTN andlateral internal sphincterotomy for the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Setting: This was a prospective randomizedcohort study conducted at Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad between September 2004 and August 2005. Materialand Methods: Fifty patients fulfilling the selection criteria were randomly divided into two equal groups. One group wastreated with topical glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) ointment and other group was treated with lateral internal sphincterotomy.Patients were followed up in outpatients department after regular intervals for about one year. The data was collectedand two groups were compared with special reference to pain relief, fissure healing and recurrence rate. Results: Painrelief was observed in 96% of the patients in GTN group as compared to 92% of the patients in sphincterotomy groupafter 6 weeks. Complete healing of fissure was observed in 92% of the patients in GTN group as compared to 88% ofthe patients in sphincterotomy group after 6 weeks. Recurrence was observed in 16% of the patients in GTN group ascompared to 4% of the patients in sphincterotomy group after one year. Conclusion: GTN and lateral internalsphincterotomy are comparable in terms of pain relief and fissure healing after 6 weeks. Topical GTN is suggested tobe the initial treatment whereas lateral internal sphincterotomy is suggested to be reserved for the patients notresponding to topical GTN or having recurrence after completion of treatment with GTN.

Objective: To compare mean pain scores among knee osteoarthritis patients following or not followingpreventive measures. Study Design: Comparative prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the department of orthopedics, Pakistan OrdinanceFactory (POF) Hospital, Wah Cantt, from Jun 2018 to May 2019. Methodology: Patients were divided into two groups (using random number table); group A was given painrelief medications only while group B was given a combination of pain relief medication and preventive measure. Patients were followed for 3 and 6 months after the intervention. Data was analyzed with SPSS software. Results: Total 52 knee osteoarthritis patients were included in study (26 patients in each group). Mean age ofpatients was 54.3 ± 6.4 year. Significantly lower pain scores were found in group B as compared to group A after3 (5.50 ± 0.98 vs 4.84 ± 1.00 respectively, p=0.02) and 6 months (3.53 ± 0.50 vs 4.96 ± 1.11 respectively, p<0.01) ofintervention. Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome scores were significantly lower in group B as compared togroup A (p<0.05) after 6 months. Conclusion: Pain is most common knee osteoarthritis symptom. Combination of pain relief medicines andpreventive measures in daily life are more effective in controlling pain intensity as compared to pain reliefmedications only. Early diagnosis and management can improve disease prognosis.

Objective: To determine whether concomitant use of vitamins B1, B6, B12 along with low dose of diclofenac sodium causesquicker pain relief in patients of acute lumbago compared with diclofenac sodium alone. Design: A randomized clinical trial. Setting: SurgicalDepartment of C M H Attock. Period: From September 2004 to August 2005 Patients & Methods: A total of 50 patients were selected forthe study. The patients complaints were of acute lumbago of less than 3 days duration with severe impairments of movements. The age groupof patients was between 20 and 65 years. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups. Group I was prescribed tablet diclofenacsodium 25mg along with vitamin B-complex containing combination of 100mg thiamine nitrate (B1), 100mg pyridoxine hydrochloride (B6), and200mcg cyanocobalmine (B12) three times a day. Group II patients were prescribed 25mg of tablet diclofenac sodium alone. Improvement inthe intensity of pain at rest and during movements (as assessed by the patients) was noted in accordance to visual analogue scale 1 to 10.The effectiveness of diclofenac sodium in combination with vitamin-B complex with diclofenac sodium alone was judged on the basis of extentof pain relief after 7 days of treatment. Results: A total of 25 patients were treated with combination of diclofenac sodium & vitamin-B complex(Group I) and 25 were treated with diclofenac sodium alone (Group II). As far as the extent of pain relief in first 7 days is considered, 22 patients(88%) belonging to group I and 10 patients (12%) belonging to group II had an excellent pain relief and were able to carry on with their normalroutine activities. Remaining 3 patients in group I were completely relieved of pain in next 3 days while 15 patients in group II had to completeanother 10 days for complete cure. To test the statistical significance of the result chi-square test was applied and the result showed thatpatients of Group I responded significantly well to the treatment as compared to those in Group II. Conclusion: Using the parameters of painrelief and movements of vertebral column, the combination of diclofenac sodium & vitamin-B complex was found to be more effective modeof treatment as the duration of treatment and the dosage of diclofenac sodium was less and also relief of pain was more rapid.

Background: Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain. This condition is caused bydegenerative changes resulting in repetitive microtears of the plantar fascia, which are in turn causedby biomechanical overuse from prolonged standing or running. Several nonoperative treatments havebeen employed, such as stretching, physical therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,extracorporeal shock wave therapy, needling and night splints, relative rest, etc. But clinical outcomesof these methods are controversial. Corticosteroid is also effective but provides only short-term painrelief with disappointing long-term results. This procedure is also associated with complications,including localized infection, fat pad atrophy, and plantar fascia rupture. In recent years, platelet-richplasma (PRP) has been investigated as a treatment option for plantar fasciitis. PRP is a bioactiveconcentrate of various growth factors and cytokines that modulate cell proliferation and differentiation,angiogenesis, and chemotaxis. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of platelet rich plasma versus corticosteroid in the treatmentof plantar fasciitis. Materials & method: This Quasi-experimental study was carried out on adult patients with chronicPlantar Fasciitis attended in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, during the period of October 2021 toMay 2022. The patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups; group A (patients treated withPRP); group B (patients treated by with corticosteroid). After providing the allocated treatment, allpatients were undergone follow-up examination at 1st week, 1st month, 3rd month and at 6th month forclinical improvement. Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Roles and Maudsley (RM), and Foot Function Index(FFI) scoring systems were used as outcome measures. Result: Mean ± SD of age was calculated to be, 42.31 ± 7.6 for Group A and 42.29 ± 8.0 for Group B.Most of the participants in Group A [13 (72.1)] & in Group B [15 (65.2)] were females. Mean VAS scoreat different follow up time reveals, after 1 week of intervention, score was turn down or pain reduced inboth groups, but comparatively better in group B. At 3rd month (Mean VAS 3.05 & 4.82 in group A &B respectively) and 6th month later (Mean VAS 1.67 & 4.12 in group A & B respectively) follow upperiod, significant improvement was found in group A. Use of corticosteroid (Group B) showedimprovement in symptoms immediately at 1st week to one month (short duration), which did not lastlong. But PRP effective in prolong time. RM score shows that a significant difference among two groupsat 1 and 3 months with P = 0.051 and P = 0.001, respectively. Mean FFI scores in Group A weresignificantly lower than Group B. No adverse events were noticed in any of the groups. Conclusion: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection is better than steroid injection in relieving the painof planar fasciitis and improvement function of the patient foot. JBSA 2022; 35 (2) : 22-29

In the context of armed confl ict, palliative care, pain management, and care for the dying and bereaved require increasedand urgent attention. The devastating humanitarian crisis in Ukraine makes these issues even more critical. In 2021, a projectworking group was created in the Kharkiv region to prepare the program for the implementation of palliative care for childrenin the Kharkiv region. The main reasons for the imperfect development of pediatric palliative care in Kharkiv region were somepoints such as: lack of a systematic vision of the organization of pediatric palliative care services; acute shortage of qualifi edmedical personnel, lack of educational programs and opportunities to study best practices in this fi eld; lack of relations betweenprimary and secondary (tertiary) links of medical care and coordination; lack of formulations of children’s drugs for painrelief and fear of prescribing opioid analgesics; an imperfect system of informing medical workers about the rights of childrenas patients; lack of interdisciplinary cooperation in the fi eld of providing pediatric palliative care (education, social services,clergy, lawyers, economists); lack of joint programs between health, social and education departments in the fi eld of pediatricpalliative care; lack of a state policy in the fi eld of pediatric palliative care; lack of a system for fi nancing pediatric palliativecare measures and monitoring their eff ectiveness. Before the war, the approximate number of children in need of palliative carein the Kharkiv region was 9,000 - 10,000, plus an estimated 21,000 - 25,000 family members. As of January 1, 2022, there were426,000 children under the supervision of health care institutions in the region. 216,900 children lived in the city of Kharkiv,209,700 in the rural areas. In the pre-war period there were 9,372 children with disabilities in the Kharkiv region. The structureof the causes of disability was as follows: congenital malformations - 25.5% (2389 children), diseases of the endocrine system- 16.4% (1537 children), diseases of the nervous system - 16.0% (1497 children), mental and behavioral disorders 13.8% (1295children), ear diseases - 9.2% (862 children). The authors’ vision is: to start policy development and creation of an eff ectivesystem of pediatric palliative care in accordance with the needs and international standards; creation of an eff ective system oftraining of medical and social workers in pediatric palliative care protocols and standards; development of coordinated pediatric palliative care at the place of residence/stay of the child; mobile teams; hospital beds and hospital teams; wide public awareness and involvement of public organizations in the provision of pediatric palliative care; attraction of budgetary and extra-budgetary funds for fi nancing pediatric palliative care. Authors also speculate that other important steps need to be implemented to regional program of pediatric palliative care and integrated with international recommendations and organizations.