Journal articles on the topic 'Painful sex'
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Pernilla, Maathz, McCracken Lance, Ekdahl Johanna, Parling Thomas, and Dahl JoAnne. "Women, Painful Sex, and Mindfulness." Mindfulness 13, no. 4 (March 24, 2022): 917–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01843-5.
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Abstract Objectives Mindfulness-based approaches to treatment of sexual dysfunction associated with vulvar pain appear promising, but little is known about the specific processes of mindfulness in sexual interactions or if mindfulness may be of particular benefit to women who experience pain associated with sexual activity. This study aimed to examine the associations between sexual mindfulness and sexual function and distress among women who currently experience pain with sexual activity as compared to women who do not. Methods Women over the age of 18 were invited to complete an online survey, including measures of mindfulness in sexual activity, pain associated with sexual activity, sexual function, and sexual distress. Of the participants, 134 (42.1%) were experiencing pain and 184 (57.9%) were pain free. Results Higher levels of mindfulness during sexual activity were associated with greater sexual functioning and less sexual distress both among women with and without pain. However, the association between Observing skills and sexual functioning among women with pain was weaker if the capacity for nonreactivity was low. Sexual mindfulness contributed significantly to the explanation of sexual function and distress in both groups. Of the mindfulness facets, Acting with awareness consistently contributed, beyond the other facets, to the explanation of sexual outcomes. Conclusions The capacity to stay mindful in sexual interactions appears to be important to sexual functioning both among women who experience pain with sexual activity and among women who do not. These findings encourage further examination of the role of mindfulness and its facets in sexual outcomes.
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Reme, Silje Endresen. "Coping with painful sex – A neglected female problem." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 9, no. 1 (October 1, 2015): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2015.08.003.
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Redding-Lallinger, Rupa, and Warrick Muldrow. "Patterns of Priapism in Sickle Cell Disease." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 3808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3808.3808.
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Abstract In this study priapism is defined as a prolonged erection (> 45 minutes in the absence of sexual stimulation) or any painful erection. Boys and young men with SCD were eligible to participate in completing daily diary pages and overnight hormonal monitoring; the data presented are from 1486 diary days collected from 6 young men with mean age of 20.7 years (range 17 to 23). One subject is SCD-SC and the others SCD-SS. Three had had priapism in the 6 months preceding the study and three had not. Erections and Priapism by Subject Subject Diary
 Days Days w/any Erection (Erection Days) Erection Days as % of Diary Days Total Days w/Priapism (Priapism Days) Priapism Days as % of Erection Days 1 244 69 28 16 23 2 290 216 74 5 2 3 302 106 35 54 51 4 278 125 45 8 6 5 318 21 7 10 48 6 54 29 54 7 24 Total 1486 566 38 100 18 Mean 248 94 41 17 26 Characterization of Priapism: Priapism occurred on an average of 6.7% of diary days. Eighty-four percent of these episodes were painful but not prolonged, ten percent were prolonged but not painful, and 4% were both. Of the painful erections, 42% lasted <15 minutes, 45% were >15 to 45 min, and 12% were >45 min to 3 hrs. The mean pain score was 4.3 out of 10. Painful events occurred most frequently between 6 am – 12 noon (37%); midnight (MN) to 6 am was the next most frequent time (29%). Erections occurred on 36% of days following a day with priapism; 75% of these erections were also painful or prolonged. Priapism and Normal Erectile Function: Erections occurred on a mean of 38% of all diary days. The proportion of erection days which were priapism days were .02, .06, .23, .24, .48 and .51 for the 6 subjects. Normal erections occurred most frequently between 6am – 12 noon (45%); 6pm – 12 MN was the next most frequent time (24%). Sexual activity (sex), defined as viewing stimulating media, masturbation, sexual intercourse or contact was reported on 22% of the total diary days. On 72% of days where sex was reported, erections were reported, vs 28% of days with no sex. Of erection days, painful erections were reported on 12% where sex occurred and on 20% of days where no sex occurred. Erection days were 50% of days following days with sex, vs 33% of days following days without sex. On erection days following sex days participants reported painful erections on 14% of the days versus 17% of the days following days with no sex. Conclusions: The data suggest some differences with the usual conception of priapism. Most of the episodes which the individuals reported as painful were short, the majority between 15 and 45 minutes, and a sizeable minority were < 15 minutes. The proportion of all erections that were priapic varied greatly within the group, but for 4 of the 6, 25–50% of days on which there was any erection there was priapism. The relationship between sexual activity and priapism in these data suggests fewer painful erections on days where there are both sex and erections, than on days when there are erections but no sexual activity. This is also true on the day following a day with sex—if any erection occurs on these days, fewer are painful than on erection days that occur after a day with no sex. Confirmation of the trends awaits the analysis of more subjects.
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Perruccio, Anthony V., Nizar N. Mahomed, Vinod Chandran, and Rajiv Gandhi. "Plasma Adipokine Levels and Their Association with Overall Burden of Painful Joints among Individuals with Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis." Journal of Rheumatology 41, no. 2 (December 15, 2013): 334–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.130709.
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Objective.To investigate the association between plasma adipokine levels and the burden of painful joints among individuals with hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods.Adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, adipsin, resistin) were determined by ELISA (n = 78). Individuals reported painful joints on a homunculus. Associations were examined by sex-stratified Poisson analyses.Results.Adjusted for age, body mass index, and hip/knee OA, higher leptin and adiponectin and lower adipsin levels were associated with greater painful joint burden (i.e., counts) among women (p < 0.01). Among men, higher resistin levels were associated with lower counts (p = 0.03).Conclusion.Findings support the likelihood of a systemic-dependent sex-specific pain burden among individuals with OA.
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Arora, Vrinda, Sambit Mukhopadhyay, and Edward Morris. "Painful sex (dyspareunia): a difficult symptom in gynecological practice." Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine 30, no. 9 (September 2020): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ogrm.2020.06.001.
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Nazari, Goris, Temitope A. Osifeso, and Joy C. MacDermid. "Distribution of Number, Location of Pain and Comorbidities, and Determinants of Work Limitations among Firefighters." Rehabilitation Research and Practice 2020 (November 8, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1942513.
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Introduction. The unique demands of firefighting results in acute, recurrent, or chronic pain complications. We aimed to describe the percentage distribution of number and location of painful sites among FFs and determine whether work limitations differed based on the number or location of painful sites, age, and/or sex. Methods. About 325 firefighters completed a work limitation questionnaire (WLQ-26) and a checklist to indicate painful regions of the body using either a paper format or an online survey. A one-way ANOVA was employed to analyze the transformed work limitation scores; this was a two-sided test with a significance level of <0.05, to determine if work limitations differed among firefighters based on the number or location of painful sites, age, and/or sex. Results. The data analyzed consisted of 325 ( men = 216 , women = 109 ) FFs in total. The percentage distribution of the number of painful sites in our study cohort was 43% no pain, 17% one painful site, 19% two painful sites, and 21% three or more painful sites. The percentage distribution of the locations of painful sites was 43% no pain, 41% spine, 9% lower extremity, and 7% upper extremity. An estimated 31% of FFs ( n = 102 ) reported non-MSK comorbidities with 23% ( n = 76 ) reporting at least one non-MSK comorbidity and 8% ( n = 26 ) reported having two or more comorbidities. FFs > 45 years of age experienced more physical work limitations than FFs ≤ 45 years (mean difference: 0.74/10; 95% CI .19-1.29; p = 0.008 ). Conclusions. The majority of firefighters reported having at least one painful site and indicated the spine as the most common painful location. Age, the number of painful sites, and location of pain were identified as a potential contributor to physical/mental and work output limitations.
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Lautenbacher, Stefan, and Gary B. Rollman. "Sex differences in responsiveness to painful and non-painful stimuli are dependent upon the stimulation method." Pain 53, no. 3 (June 1993): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(93)90221-a.
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Lee, Wonyong, Neha A. Metgud, and Michelle Moore. "What Makes Plantar Heel Spur Painful? A Matched Case-Control Study." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 4 (October 2022): 2473011421S0075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00752.
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Category: Hindfoot; Other Introduction/Purpose: Plantar heel spur has been considered one of the reasons for heel pain in plantar fasciitis although its pathophysiology is not clear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the demographic and radiographic differences between the plantar fasciitis cohort and age/sex-matched control cohort, and identify risk factors that make plantar heel spurs painful. Methods: Patients who visited the office under the diagnosis of plantar fasciitis from September 2020 to December 2021 and age/sex-matched control cohort were included. Demographics and radiographic findings between the two groups were compared. A subgroup analysis was performed on only patients who had plantar heel spur. Patients who had plantar feel spur from the study group and the control group were extracted. All demographics and radiographic data were compared between the two subgroups and a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors that make plantar heel spur painful. Results: 76 patients were enrolled in the study group (Painful heel) and age/sex-matched control group (Non-painful heel). BMI was significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group: 33.2 vs 28.7 (P < .001). In the study group, plantar heel spur was present in 67.1% (51 out of 76), while in 38.2% (29 out of 76) in the control group (P < .001). In the subgroup analysis, BMI in the study group was significantly higher compared to the control group: 34.6 vs 30.3 (P < .001). All variables which can have an effect on painful plantar heel spur in patients with plantar fasciitis were included in a multivariable logistic regression analysis. The analysis through this subgroup comparison identified high BMI as an independent risk factor of painful plantar heel spur. Conclusion: High BMI was the one single independent predictor of painful heel spur resulting in plantar fasciitis heel pain. Concerning the treatment for plantar fasciitis, we need to counsel patients on emphasizing protection and cushioning for plantar heel to relieve axial loading and weight loss to decrease BMI.
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Vallejo-Ruiz, M. S., T. Kueder-Pajares, A. Hernández-Núñez, and J. Borbujo. "[Translated article] Painful Enlarged Inguinal Lymph Nodes After Unprotected Sex." Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas 113, no. 1 (January 2022): T89—T90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ad.2020.03.021.
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Basson, Rosemary, Bozena Zdaniuk, and Lori Brotto. "Primary Dysmenorrhea and Painful Sex: Canaries in the Coal Mine?" Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 42, no. 11 (November 2020): 1351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jogc.2020.02.125.
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Kingsberg, S., J. Amadio, and S. Graham. "053 Painful Sex, Why Women Do or Don't Seek Treatment." Journal of Sexual Medicine 13, no. 6 (June 2016): S261—S262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.04.051.
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Gløersen, Marthe, Pernille Steen Pettersen, Tuhina Neogi, Barbara Slatkowsky-Christensen, Tore K. Kvien, Karin Magnusson, Hilde Berner Hammer, and Ida K. Haugen. "Associations of pain sensitisation with tender and painful joint counts in people with hand osteoarthritis: results from the Nor-Hand study." RMD Open 8, no. 1 (January 2022): e001774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001774.
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ObjectiveTo examine associations of pain sensitisation with tender and painful joint counts and presence of widespread pain in people with hand osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsPressure pain thresholds (PPT) at a painful finger joint and the tibialis anterior muscle, and temporal summation (TS) were measured in 291 persons with hand OA. We examined whether sex-standardised PPT and TS values were associated with assessor-reported tender hand joint count, self-reported painful hand and total body joint counts and presence of widespread pain using linear and logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, education and OA severity.ResultsPeople with lower PPTs at the painful finger joint (measure of peripheral and/or central sensitisation) had more tender and painful hand joints than people with higher PPTs. PPT at tibialis anterior (measure of central sensitisation) was associated with painful total body joint count (beta=−0.82, 95% CI −1.28 to –0.35) and presence of widespread pain (OR=0.57, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.77). The associations between TS (measure of central sensitisation) and joint counts in the hands and the total body were statistically non-significant.ConclusionThis cross-sectional study suggested that pain sensitisation (ie, lower PPTs) was associated with joint counts and widespread pain in hand OA. This knowledge may be used for improved pain phenotyping of people with hand OA, which may contribute to better pain management through more personalised medicine. Further studies are needed to assess whether a reduction of pain sensitisation leads to a decrease in tender and painful joint counts.
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Finnerup, Nanna Brix, and Unni Merete Kirste. "When sex hurts: Female genital pain is no fun! Neither is painful sex in men." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 5, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2014.04.005.
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Hedling, Erik. "Breaking the Swedish Sex Barrier: Painful Lustfulness in Ingmar Bergman'sThe Silence." Film International 6, no. 6 (November 25, 2008): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fiin.6.6.17.
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Yu, Jiaxin, Daisy L. Hung, Philip Tseng, Ovid J. L. Tzeng, Neil G. Muggleton, and Chi-Hung Juan. "Sex differences in how erotic and painful stimuli impair inhibitory control." Cognition 124, no. 2 (August 2012): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.04.007.
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Drummond, Peter D., and Anne Woodhouse. "Painful Stimulation of the Forehead Increases Photophobia in Migraine Sufferers." Cephalalgia 13, no. 5 (October 1993): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1993.1305321.x.
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Thresholds for visual and auditory discomfort were investigated in 51 migraine sufferers and 27 controls of similar age and sex distribution who rarely suffered from headache. Tests in migraine sufferers were carried out during the headache-free interval. Discomfort thresholds were measured before and during painful stimulation of the forehead with ice. The visual discomfort threshold was lower in migraine sufferers than in controls, and decreased further during painful stimulation of the forehead. In contrast, the auditory discomfort threshold was similar in migraine sufferers and controls, and did not decrease during painful stimulation of the forehead. These findings suggest that trigeminal discharge contributes to photophobia but not phonophobia in migraine sufferers.
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Williams, P. L., J. G. Smibert, R. Cox, R. Mitchell, and L. Klenerman. "Imaging Study of the Painful Heel Syndrome." Foot & Ankle 7, no. 6 (June 1987): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110078700700607.
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A total of 45 patients with the painful heel syndrome without evidence of an associated inflammatory arthritis, seven of whom had pain in both heels, were studied using technetium-99 isotope bone scans and lateral and 45° medial oblique radiographs of both feet. Of the 52 painful heels 31 (59.6%) showed increased uptake of tracer at the calcaneum. Patients with scans showing increased uptake tended to have more severe heel pain and responded more frequently to a local hydrocortisone injection. On plain x-ray, 39 of 52 painful heels (75%) and 24 of the 38 opposite nonpainful heels (63%) showed plantar spurs, compared with five of 63 (7.9%) heels in 59 age- and sex-matched controls. No evidence of stress fractures was seen.
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Moulton, Eric A., Michael L. Keaser, Rao P. Gullapalli, Ranjan Maitra, and Joel D. Greenspan. "Sex differences in the cerebral BOLD signal response to painful heat stimuli." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 291, no. 2 (August 2006): R257—R267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00084.2006.
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There are limited data addressing the question of sex differences in pain-related cerebral processing. This study examined whether pain-related blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal change measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) demonstrated sex differences, under conditions of equivalent pain perception. Twenty-eight healthy volunteers (17 women, 11 men) were subject to a fMRI scan while noxious heat stimuli were applied to the dorsum of the left foot. Significant BOLD signal modulation was observed in several nociceptive processing regions of interest (ROIs) in all subjects. There were no sex differences in the spatial extent of BOLD signal change for any ROI, but the signal amplitude was lower for women in most ROIs and significantly so for the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), the midanterior cingulate cortex, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The BOLD signal response could be positive or negative, and frequently, both polarities were observed within a single ROI. In most ROIs, women show proportionately more voxels with negative signal change than men, and this difference was statistically significant for the S1 and the DLPFC. The time course of the negative signal change was very similar to that of the positive signal change, suggesting that the latter was not “driving” the former. The location of negative and positive clusters formed distinct patterns in several of the ROIs, and these patterns suggest something other than a local “steal” phenomenon as an explanation for the negative signal changes. Sex differences in baseline cerebral blood flow may contribute to the BOLD signal differences observed in this study.
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Püttgen, Sonja, Gidon J. Bönhof, Alexander Strom, Karsten Müssig, Julia Szendroedi, Michael Roden, and Dan Ziegler. "Augmented Corneal Nerve Fiber Branching in Painful Compared With Painless Diabetic Neuropathy." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 104, no. 12 (August 7, 2019): 6220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2019-01072.
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AbstractContextThe factors that determine the development of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) as a painful or painless entity are unknown.ObjectiveWe hypothesized that corneal nerve pathology could be more pronounced in painful DSPN, indicating predominant small nerve fiber damage.Design and MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we assessed 53 patients with painful DSPN, 63 with painless DSPN, and 46 glucose-tolerant volunteers by corneal confocal microscopy (CCM), nerve conduction (NC), and quantitative sensory testing. DSPN was diagnosed according to modified Toronto Consensus criteria. A cutoff at 4 points on the 11-point rating scale was used to differentiate between painful and painless DSPN.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and smoking, corneal nerve fiber density, corneal nerve fiber length, and corneal nerve branch density (CNBD) were reduced in both DSPN types compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Only CNBD differed between the groups; it was greater in patients with painful DSPN compared with those with painless DSPN [55.8 (SD, 29.9) vs 43.8 (SD, 28.3) branches/mm2; P < 0.05]. Several CCM measures were associated with NC and cold perception threshold in patients with painless DSPN (P < 0.05) but not those with painful DSPN.ConclusionDespite a similarly pronounced peripheral nerve dysfunction and corneal nerve fiber loss in patients with painful and painless DSPN, corneal nerve branching was enhanced in those with painful DSPN, pointing to some susceptibility of corneal nerve fibers toward regeneration in this entity, albeit possibly not to a sufficient degree.
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Davis, Pamela F., Erik Severud, and Donald E. Baxter. "Painful Heel Syndrome: Results of Nonoperative Treatment." Foot & Ankle International 15, no. 10 (October 1994): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079401501002.
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One hundred five patients (70% female and 30% male; average age, 48 years) with 132 symptomatic heels were treated according to a standard nonoperative protocol and then reviewed at an average follow-up of 29 months. The treatment protocol consisted of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, relative rest, viscoelastic polymer heel cushions, Achilles tendon stretching exercises, and, occasionally, injections. Obesity, lifestyle (athletic versus sedentary), sex, and presence or size of heel spur did not influence the treatment outcome. Ninety-four patients (89.5%) had resolution of heel pain within 10.9 months. Six patients (5.7%) continued to have significant pain, but did not elect to have operative treatment, and five patients (4.8%) elected to have surgical intervention. Despite attention to the outcome of surgical treatment for heel pain in the current literature, initial treatment for heel pain is nonoperative. The treatment protocol used in this study was successful for 89.5% of the patients.
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Quiton, Raimi L., and Joel D. Greenspan. "Sex differences in endogenous pain modulation by distracting and painful conditioning stimulation." Pain 132 (November 2007): S134—S149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2007.09.001.
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Perruccio, A. V., V. Chandran, M. Kapoor, J. D. Power, and R. Gandhi. "Systemic inflammation and painful joint burden in osteoarthritis: A matter of sex." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 23 (April 2015): A324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2015.02.589.
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Perruccio, A. V., V. Chandran, J. D. Power, M. Kapoor, N. N. Mahomed, and R. Gandhi. "Systemic inflammation and painful joint burden in osteoarthritis: a matter of sex?" Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 25, no. 1 (January 2017): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2016.08.001.
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Richardson, Daniel, Colin Fitzpatrick, John Devlin, Zoe Buss, Luke Parkes, and Deborah Williams. "Primary syphilis lesion characteristics, serological response and management in HIV-positive and HIV-negative men who have sex with men." International Journal of STD & AIDS 31, no. 14 (September 30, 2020): 1359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462420956859.
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The characteristics and serological responses of primary syphilis are not completely understood. We aimed to describe the characteristics, the serological responses and presumptive treatment of primary syphilis in HIV-positive and -negative men who have sex with men (MSM). We conducted a retrospective review of microbiological and demographic information from MSM presenting with primary syphilis. There were 111 cases of primary syphilis in MSM, the median age was 46 (IQR = 37–53years) and 40 (36%) were living with HIV. Fifty percent of MSM presented with painful lesions and 14% with extra-genital lesions. Extra-genital lesions were significantly more likely to be painful than non-genital lesions (OR 4.72; 95%CI = 1.25–17.83, p = 0.02). Overall, a reactive serological response demonstrated a sensitivity of 80% (57/71) compared with Treponema pallidum PCR. Serology was more sensitive in MSM with no previous syphilis (OR = 3.38, 95%CI = 1.00–11.43, p < 0.05). MSM presenting with painless lesions were more likely to be treated presumptively (OR = 3.39, 95%CI = 1.38–8.33, p < 0.002). There were no differences in the characteristics, serological responses or management according to HIV status. Fifty percent of MSM with primary syphilis presented with painful lesions; extra-genital lesions are more likely to be painful than genital lesions, serology is positive in 80% and there were no differences between HIV-positive and -negative MSM. Understanding the characteristics of primary syphilis will underpin public health campaigns.
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Lund, Iréne, and Thomas Lundeberg. "Is it All about Sex? Acupuncture for the Treatment of Pain from a Biological and Gender Perspective." Acupuncture in Medicine 26, no. 1 (March 2008): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.26.1.33.
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Pain is a unique personal experience showing variability where gender and sex related effects might contribute. The mechanisms underlying the differences between women and men are currently unknown but are likely to be complex and involving interactions between biological, sociocultural and psychological aspects. In women, painful experimental stimuli are generally reported to produce a greater intensity of pain than in men. Clinical pain is often reported with higher severity and frequency, longer duration, and present in a greater number of body regions in women than in men. Women are also more likely to experience a number of painful conditions such as fibromyalgia, temporomandibular dysfunction, migraine, rheumatoid arthritis and irritable bowel syndrome. With regard to biological factors, quantitative as well as qualitative differences in the endogenous pain inhibitory systems have been implicated, as well as an influence of gonadal hormones. Psychosocial factors like sex role beliefs, pain coping strategies, and pain related expectancies may also contribute to the differences. Being exposed to repeated painful visceral events (eg menses, labour) during life may contribute to an increased sensitivity to, and greater prevalence of, pain among women. When assessing the outcome of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies in pain treatment, the factors of gender and sex should be taken into account as the response to an intervention may differ. Preferably, treatment recommendations should be based on studies using both women and men as the norm. Due to variability in results, findings from animal studies and experiments in healthy subjects should be interpreted with care.
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Listyasari, Nurin Aisyiyah, Iit Fitrianingrum, and Sultana MH Faradz. "A long-term follow-up of Sex Chromosomal Mosaicism Disorders of Sex Development." Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 5, no. 1 (July 31, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jbtr.v5i1.4703.
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Background:Chromosomal mosaicism is characterized by the presence of two or more distinct cell lines in an individual. Mosaicism in sex chromosome is a major component of Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) results in a large clinical spectrum of genital ambiguity. Case Presentation:We report long term follow-up of a 15-year-old male who was evaluated for ambiguous genitalia with a karyotype of 46,XY (85%) / 46,XX (15%). He presented with abnormal urethral opening (hypospadias) and left sided undescended testis since birth. Work-up was done for cytogenetic analysis, hormonal assays, imaging, exploratory laparotomy, and hypospadias repair. For more than 15 years he was reared as a boy, with no further complaints, until he reached puberty. He then developed gynecomastia and monthly painful hematuria. MRI evaluation revealed a left adnexal cystic mass and anteflexed uterus with loculated fluid collection posterior to urinary bladder suggesting hematometra. We discuss the genetics, diagnostics, as well as genetic counseling of this patient. Conclusion: This case is reported in view of the interesting clinical presentation of this rare mosaicism. A strong emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach and close follow-up is important to ensure both physical and psychological well-being of DSD patients.
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Washington, K., and H. Wyatt. "Experiences of Living with Autoimmune Disorders and Painful Sex in Ova-having Bodies." Journal of Sexual Medicine 19, no. 8 (August 2022): S18—S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.05.041.
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Stošić, Mirjana. ""The second sex" of pain and laughter: Painful giggling transressions of gender divide." Kultura, no. 170-171 (2021): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/kultura2171074s.
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By the mid-20th century, Simone de Beauvoir has published an important and ground-breaking research into the facts, myths and living experience of "the second sex" (Le Deuxième Sexe, 1949). Drawing on contemporary theories based on phenomenology and existentialism, de Beauvoir argues that the "man" is a historical idea, and the woman as a "becoming". At the end of the 20th century pain studies have gained vast attention in political theory, especially in political effect theory and "new materialism". Numerous studies have neglected de Beauvoir's frequent arguments dealing with "women's pain" and women's agency in human mitsein, particularly regarding the woman's embeddedness in social myths that "feminise" the body of a woman, as a form of crisis and resistance to be subjected to species and reproduction. This paper deals with the crisis and critique of physiological, economic, psychological and social disposability of female bodies. In addition, this research re-questions the limits of physical, semiological, cultural and political dissemination of (female) laughter, seen through the lens of interruptions and destabilizations of the hegemonic gender discourse incarcerated within the gender divide. Consequently, we are to open up a space for interrogating the "irony of giggle" as a form of resistance to the contemporary body politics - as a non-place, devoid of any political agency.
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Redmond, A., N. Allen, and W. Vernon. "Effect of scalpel debridement on the pain associated with plantar hyperkeratosis." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 89, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-89-10-515.
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Seventy-nine subjects from 14 centers in eight English National Health Service Trusts recorded their levels of preoperative and postoperative pain and perceived change in pain on 100-mm visual analog scales before and after scalpel debridement of painful plantar hyperkeratosis. A significant reduction in pain was reported following treatment, and there were highly significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative scores. There were no age- or sex-related differences in any of the preoperative, postoperative, or perceived-change scores. The objective data support the anecdotal evidence that scalpel debridement of painful plantar hyperkeratosis is immediately effective in the palliative management of such patients.
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Munasinghe, Thiloma, Richard D. Hayes, Jane Hocking, Jocelyn Verry, and Christopher K. Fairley. "Prevalence of sexual difficulties among female sex workers and clients attending a sexual health service." International Journal of STD & AIDS 18, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646207781568592.
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The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of sex workers and non-sex workers with sexual difficulties. Consenting female sex workers (93) and non-sex worker clients (178) attending the Melbourne Sexual Health self-answered an anonymous questionnaire about demographic characteristics, sexual behaviour, prevalence of sexual difficulties with private partners, distress regarding one's sex life, and physical pleasure, emotional satisfaction with sex and overall satisfaction with life. The demographic characteristics, sexual behaviours, prevalence of painful sex (34% versus 42%), orgasmic difficulty (43% versus 40%), vaginal dryness (45% versus 36%) and performance anxiety (28% versus 37%), physical pleasure and emotional satisfaction with sex and overall life satisfaction among sex workers was similar to that of non-sex workers, respectively. Sex workers were more likely to experience sexual disinterest (odds ratio 1.9, (95% confidence interval 1.1, 3.2) and less likely to report being distressed about their sex life ( P = 0.04). The prevalence of sexual difficulties, other than desire was similar to those of non-sex workers. These findings may be relevant only to sex workers operating in a highly regulated sex industry.
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Lübke, Katrin T., Charlotte Sachse, Matthias Hoenen, and Bettina M. Pause. "Mu-Suppression as an Indicator of Empathic Processes in Lesbian, Gay, and Heterosexual Adults." Archives of Sexual Behavior 49, no. 2 (October 10, 2019): 635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-01491-2.
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Abstract Self-reported empathy differs with gender and sexual orientation. The current study investigated whether mu-suppression, reflecting brain activity especially related to state empathy, also is modulated by gender and sexual orientation. Pictures of painful and non-painful actions were presented to 20 lesbians, 20 gay men, 20 heterosexual men and 20 heterosexual women, while EEG was recorded. Individual peak frequencies of mu-activity (electrodes C3, C4) were detected within the 6–11 Hz band for each participant, and mu-suppression indices were calculated. Further, verbal indicators of state empathy (pain ratings) and compassion were assessed. Only heterosexual individuals showed the typical pattern of enhanced mu-suppression in response to painful relative to non-painful pictures. Lesbian women and gay men did not show a differential mu-response. Moreover, they felt less compassion compared to heterosexual individuals. In line with this finding, the more compassion the participants reported, the stronger the mu-suppression in response to painful relative to non-painful pictures was. Pain ratings did not vary with sexual orientation. The lesser compassion reported by lesbian women and gay men is discussed as a mediator of their non-differential mu-suppression response. It is hypothesized that this pattern might relate to gay men and lesbian women tending to perceive the anonymous depicted actors as outgroup members, hence showing less compassion and reduced mu-suppression. As empathy is often related to negative feelings (empathic stress), a clear distinction between individuals to empathize with versus individuals not to emphasize with may well be an adaptive feature in same-sex oriented individuals.
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Motoo, Yoshiharu, Hiromi Taga, Shi-Bing Su, and Norio Sawabu. "Effect of Gegen-Tang on Painful Gynecomastia in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Brief Report." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 25, no. 03n04 (January 1997): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x97000354.
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Four patients with liver cirrhosis and complaining of painful gynecomastia were treated with oral administration of Gegen-Tang (TJ-1). Pain disappeared in 3 patients in one week, and in one patient in 4 weeks. The size of gynecomastia did not change significantly on mammography, but palpable induration diminished or disappeared. The patients had been treated with Chaihu (saiko) group drugs for liver diseases, and TJ-1 was used in combination with these drugs. Serum levels of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and other sex hormones did not change significantly after TJ-1 treatment. These results suggest that TJ-1 could be used for the painful gynecomastia that is occasionally seen in cirrhotic patients.
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Channon, Alex, and George Jennings. "The Rules of Engagement: Negotiating Painful and “Intimate” Touch in Mixed-Sex Martial Arts." Sociology of Sport Journal 30, no. 4 (December 2013): 487–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.30.4.487.
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Within the sociology of sport and its related disciplines, martial arts have become increasingly popular sites for research on embodiment, gender and society. While much previous work in this area has focused upon the embodied experiences of either male or female practitioners, relatively few studies have directly addressed the social significance of mixed-sex practice. In this empirically-focused paper, we draw on qualitative, semistructured interviews with both male and female long-term exponents of various different martial arts disciplines in England, exploring experiences of intersex touch within training. Within a social-constructionist, feminist framework, we suggest that heteronormative, patriarchal and paternalistic gender structures can potentially be challenged through sustained mixed-sex practice. As such, this article contributes to work on transformative sporting bodies, martial arts and gender subversion.
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Kilinc, Yurdanur, Hacer Temizturk, Hayri levent Yılmaz, Metin Cil, Goksel Leblebisatan, and Hatice Ilgen Sasmaz. "The Effect of Ketamine Administration on Pain Control in Painful Crisis of Sickle Cell Anemia Patients during Childhood: A Retrospective Observational Study." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 4919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-116159.
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Abstract Background: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a hemoglobinopathy as a result of substitution of glutamic acid with valine in the 6th position of the β globin chain. The vaso-occlusive crises of patients are often caused by pain that requires in-patient treatment. The attack rate is reported to changed between 0.5-1.0 attacks per year per patient. It could be reach up to 10% in 5% of patients. Identification of the SCA painful crisis and the determination of appropriate treatment is very important for the pain relief. Recently studies support that ketamine treatment is beneficial in patients who do not respond to traditional methods. Ketamine is a non-competitive antagonist at the NMDA receptor. We used retrospective visual analogue scale (VAS) scoring system in acute painful crisis patients and then applied ketamine and tramadol to investigate the effect of treatment and side effects and the maximum change in pain score within the first hour after drug administration retrospectively. The aim of this study is evaluate the level of ketamine effect in painful crises. Methods: Patients older than 6 years of age with acute painful crisis, defined as VAS of greater or equal to 4 were enrolled.The retrospective data was collected from electronic records and included age, sex, vital signs, changes in pain score within 1 hour, and side effects. Ketamine (0.25 mg / kg / dose) and tramadol (0.1-0.4 mg / kg / h) were administered. Patients with a pain score of <4 or a decrease of ≥3 points in VAS were considered to be responsive. Results: Ketamine group (n = 16), 6 female (37.5%), 10 male (63.5%) and the mean age was 15.4 (7-21) years. Tramadol group (n = 31) 15 female (48%), 16 male (52%) and the mean age was 15.6 (6-21) years. The age and sex groups were similar (p> 0.05). After drug administration, vital signs were observed in all patients in normal range to their age. In the tramadol and ketamine groups, the number of patients who responded at 20 minutes were 9(29%)-9(56%), 12(38%)-11(68%) (p<0.05) at 60 minutes. Sixteen patients (51.6%) responded in the 6th hour of the tramadol group, no evaluate in ketamin group. No life-threatening side effects was observed in any patient. Conclusion: In the treatment of painful crises, ketamine administration was found to be more effective than tramadol in the first hour. Due to the longer duration of the initial effect of tramadol treatment, ketamine should be considered as an option in the rapid treatment of painful crises. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Hossain Khan, Md Azraf, Kazi Selim Anwar, A. K. M. Muraduzzaman, Md Abid Hossain Mollah, S. M. Akhter-ul-Alam, Kazi Munisul Islam, Sheikh Ariful Hoque, Md Nazrul Islam, and Md Ahasan Ali. "Emerging Hand Foot Mouth Disease in Bangladeshi Children- First Report of Rapid Appraisal on Pocket Outbreak: Clinico-epidemiological Perspective Implicating Public Health Emergency." F1000Research 7 (July 30, 2018): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15170.1.
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Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common contagious disease among children under 5 years, particularly in the Asia-Pacific-region. We report a localized outbreak of childhood HFMD for the first time from Bangladesh, diagnosed only based on clinical features due to gross lack of in laboratory-diagnostic facilities. Methods: Following the World Health Organization’s case-definition, we conducted a rapid-appraisal of HFMD among 143 children attending Pabna Medical College and General Hospital with fever, mouth ulcers and rash. Data were collected between September and November 2017 using a preset syndromic approach and stringent differential diagnostic-protocols. Results: The mean age of children was 2.9±2.3 years. Age did not differ with sex (P=0.98), first sibling being more likely to (62%) belong to middle-income families. Younger children (<5 years) were more likely to suffer with moderate-to-high (38.5°C) fever (P<0.04), painful oral ulcers (P<0.03) and painful/itchy rash (P<0.01). Sex did not differ with other symptoms, but boys had less painful oral ulcers than girls (P<0.04). Fever (63%) and chicken-pox-like-rash (62%) was observed more in mid-October to mid-November than September to mid-October (P<0.01 and P<0.03, respectively). No differences in symptoms (fever, oral ulcers and extremity rash) were observed with precipitation, nor with ambient temperature. Children <5 years (85%) had quicker recovery (within 5 days) than those ≥5 years (69%), (P<0.04), with marginal differences in sex (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings highlight the potential usefulness in diagnosing HFMD based on clinical parameters, although stringent differential diagnosis remains indispensable. It is particularly applicable for resource-constrained countries who lack appropriate virology laboratory equipment. Since no specific treatment or effective vaccination is available for this disease, supportive therapy and preventive measures remain the primary methods to circumvent transmission augmented by climate-related factors. Standardized virology laboratory warrants appropriate diagnosis and globally representative multivalent vaccine is deemed essential towards preventing HFMD.
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Hossain Khan, Md Azraf, Kazi Selim Anwar, A. K. M. Muraduzzaman, Md Abid Hossain Mollah, S. M. Akhter-ul-Alam, Kazi Munisul Islam, Sheikh Ariful Hoque, Md Nazrul Islam, and Md Ahasan Ali. "Emerging Hand Foot Mouth Disease in Bangladeshi Children- First Report of Rapid Appraisal on Pocket Outbreak: Clinico-epidemiological Perspective Implicating Public Health Emergency." F1000Research 7 (November 9, 2018): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15170.2.
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Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common contagious disease among children under 5 years, particularly in the Asia-Pacific-region. We report a localized outbreak of childhood HFMD for the first time from Bangladesh, diagnosed only based on clinical features due to gross lack in laboratory-diagnostic facilities. Methods: Following the World Health Organization’s case-definition, we conducted a rapid-appraisal of HFMD among all of the 143 children attending Pabna Medical College and General Hospital with fever, mouth ulcers and extremity rash. Data were collected between September and November 2017 using a preset syndromic approach and stringent differential diagnostic-protocols. Results: The mean age of children was 2.9±2.3 years. Age did not differ with sex (P=0.98), first sibling being more belonging to middle-income families (62%). Younger children (<5 years) were more likely to suffer with moderate-to-high (38.5°C) fever (P<0.04), painful oral ulcers (P<0.03) and painful/itchy rash (P<0.01). Sex did not differ with other symptoms, but boys had less painful oral ulcers than girls (P<0.04). Fever (63%) and chicken-pox-like-rash (62%) was observed more in mid-October to mid-November than September to mid-October (P<0.01 and P<0.03, respectively). No differences in symptoms (fever, oral ulcers and extremity rash) were observed with precipitation, nor with ambient temperature. Children <5 years (85%) had quicker recovery (within 5 days) than those ≥5 years (69%), (P<0.04), with marginal differences in sex (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings highlight the potential usefulness in diagnosing HFMD based on clinical parameters, although stringent differential diagnosis remains indispensable. It is particularly applicable for resource-constrained countries who lack appropriate virology/essential laboratory equipment. Since no specific treatment or effective vaccination is available for this disease, supportive therapy and preventive measures remain the primary methods to circumvent transmission augmented by climate-related factors. Standardized virology laboratory warrants appropriate diagnosis and globally representative multivalent vaccine is deemed essential towards preventing HFMD.
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Hossain Khan, Md Azraf, Kazi Selim Anwar, A. K. M. Muraduzzaman, Md Abid Hossain Mollah, S. M. Akhter-ul-Alam, Kazi Munisul Islam, Sheikh Ariful Hoque, Md Nazrul Islam, and Md Ahasan Ali. "Emerging Hand Foot Mouth Disease in Bangladeshi Children- First Report of Rapid Appraisal on Pocket Outbreak: Clinico-epidemiological Perspective Implicating Public Health Emergency." F1000Research 7 (June 28, 2019): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15170.3.
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Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common contagious disease among children under 5 years, particularly in the Asia-Pacific-region. We report a localized outbreak of childhood HFMD for the first time from Bangladesh, diagnosed only based on clinical features due to lack in laboratory-diagnostic facilities. Methods: Following the World Health Organization’s case-definition, we conducted a rapid-appraisal of HFMD among all of the 143 children attending Pabna Medical College and General Hospital with fever, mouth ulcers and extremity rash. Data were collected between September and November 2017 using a preset syndromic approach and stringent differential diagnostic-protocols. Results: The mean age of children was 2.9±2.3 years. There was a significant difference among the age and sex of children (P=0.98), first sibling being more belonging to middle-income families (62%). Younger children (<5 years) were more likely to suffer with moderate-to-high (38.5°C) fever (P<0.04), painful oral ulcers (P<0.03) and painful/itchy rash (P<0.01). Sex did not differ with other symptoms, but boys had less painful oral ulcers than girls (P<0.04). Fever (63%) and chicken-pox-like-rash (62%) was observed more in mid-October to mid-November than September to mid-October (P<0.01 and P<0.03, respectively). No differences in symptoms (fever, oral ulcers and extremity rash) were observed with precipitation, nor with ambient temperature. Children <5 years (85%) had quicker recovery (within 5 days) than those ≥5 years (69%), (P<0.04), with marginal differences in sex (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings highlight potential usefulness in diagnosing HFMD based on clinical parameters, although stringent differential diagnosis remains indispensable, which is particularly applicable for resource-constrained countries lacking appropriate virology/essential laboratories. Since no specific treatment or effective vaccination is available for HFMD, supportive therapy and preventive measures remain the primary methods to circumvent disease-transmission augmented by climate-related factors. Standardized virology laboratory warrants appropriate diagnosis and globally representative multivalent-vaccine deem essential towards preventing HFMD.
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Kano, Michiko, Adam D. Farmer, Qasim Aziz, Vincent P. Giampietro, Michael J. Brammer, Steven C. R. Williams, Shin Fukudo, and Steven J. Coen. "Sex differences in brain response to anticipated and experienced visceral pain in healthy subjects." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 304, no. 8 (April 15, 2013): G687—G699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00385.2012.
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Women demonstrate higher pain sensitivity and prevalence of chronic visceral pain conditions such as functional gastrointestinal disorders than men. The role of sex differences in the brain processing of visceral pain is still unclear. In 16 male and 16 female healthy subjects we compared personality, anxiety levels, skin conductance response (SCR), and brain processing using functional MRI during anticipation and pain induced by esophageal distension at pain toleration level. There was no significant difference in personality scores, anxiety levels, SCR, and subjective ratings of pain between sexes. In group analysis, both men and women demonstrated a similar pattern of brain activation and deactivation during anticipation and pain consistent with previous reports. However, during anticipation women showed significantly greater activation in the cuneus, precuneus, and supplementary motor area (SMA) and stronger deactivation in the right amygdala and left parahippocampal gyrus, whereas men demonstrated greater activation in the cerebellum. During pain, women demonstrated greater activation in the midcingulate cortex, anterior insula, premotor cortex, and cerebellum and stronger deactivation in the caudate, whereas men showed increased activity in the SMA. The pattern of brain activity suggests that, during anticipation, women may demonstrate stronger limbic inhibition, which is considered to be a cognitive modulation strategy for impending painful stimulation. During pain, women significantly activate brain areas associated with the affective and motivation components of pain. These responses may underlie the sex differences that exist in pain conditions, whereby women may attribute more emotional importance to painful stimuli compared with men.
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Lewis, H. R., W. J. Chaplin, D. F. Mcwilliams, B. S. Millar, S. Shahtaheri, J. F. R. Gladman, and D. Walsh. "AB1432 THE ASSOCIATION OF PAINFUL AND NON-PAINFUL COMORBIDITIES WITH CENTRAL MECHANISMS OF KNEE PAIN." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 1822.1–1822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1586.
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BackgroundCentral mechanisms of knee pain occur in the central nervous system and may intensify and prolong pain. Central pain mechanisms might be facilitated by ongoing nociceptive input. A link between multimorbidity and central mechanisms of knee pain is proposed; ongoing sensory inputs due to comorbidities may trigger changes in pain processing by the CNS. This might be particularly expected with painful comorbidities.ObjectivesTo investigate potential relationships of painful and non-painful multimorbidity with central mechanisms of knee pain.MethodsCross-sectional analysis of self-report data from participants of the Investigating Musculoskeletal Health and Wellbeing cohort, who reported knee as their most bothersome site of joint pain over the previous month, with pain rated ≥1/10, and who had completed FRAIL and CAP-Knee (1) questionnaires. Two indirect measures suggesting central mechanisms involvement in knee pain were used as dependent variables; pain intensity (0-10 numerical rating scale) and CAP-Knee score (0-16 scale). Comorbidities were assigned either “painful comorbidity” or “non-painful comorbidity” status based on IASP classification of chronic pain criteria (2). Multivariable linear regression models, adjusted for age and sex, were employed to explore associations of comorbidity counts with pain intensity and CAP-Knee score.Results736 participants satisfied inclusion criteria. 55% were female, mean age 71 (range 40 to 95). Painful comorbidity count and non-painful comorbidity count each had positive associations with pain intensity (β=0.42, 95% CI=0.29 to 0.54, p<0.001; and β=0.31, 95%CI=0.16 to 0.45, p<0.001, respectively). Painful and non-painful comorbidity counts each also were associated with CAP-Knee score (β=0.80, 95% CI=0.59 to 1.01, p<0.001; and β=0.52, 95% CI=0.27 to 0.77, p<0.001, respectively). Painful and non-painful comorbidity counts each remained significantly associated both with pain intensity and with CAP-Knee scores when both types of comorbidity count were included in the same multivariable model.ConclusionBoth painful and non-painful comorbidities were positively associated with central mechanisms of knee pain, providing further insight into the interconnectedness of pain processing systems and the rest of the body. The explanation behind these relationships may depend on more than just ongoing nociceptive input. Future work should address possible contributions from genetic, pathophysiological, psychological, and pharmacological factors associated with comorbid diagnosis.References[1]Akin-Akinyosoye K, Frowd N, Marshall L, Stocks J, Fernandes GS, Valdes A, et al. Traits associated with central pain augmentation in the Knee Pain In the Community (KPIC) cohort. Pain [Internet]. 2018 Jun PMC5959005]; 159(6):[1035-44 pp.]. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1097%2Fj.pain.0000000000001183.[2]IASP-Task-Force-on-Taxonomy. Classification of Chronic Pain (Second Edition) [E-Book]. Seattle: IASP Task Force on Taxonomy. IASP Press; 1994 [Part I: Topics and Codes]. Available from: https://www.iasp-pain.org/publications/free-ebooks/classification-of-chronic-pain-second-edition-revised/ [date accessed: October 22, 2021].Disclosure of InterestsHarrison R. Lewis: None declared, Wendy J. Chaplin: None declared, Daniel F. McWilliams Grant/research support from: Receives grants and research support from Pfizer and Eli Lilly., Bonnie S. Millar: None declared, Seyed Shahtaheri: None declared, John F.R. Gladman: None declared, David Walsh Grant/research support from: Grants and research support were received from Pfizer and Eli Lilly.
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Berkley, Karen J. "Sex differences in pain." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 1997): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97221485.
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Are there sex differences in pain? For experimentally delivered somatic stimuli, females have lower thresholds, greater ability to discriminate, higher pain ratings, and less tolerance of noxious stimuli than males. These differences, however, are small, exist only for certain forms of stimulation and are affected by many situational variables such as presence of disease, experimental setting, and even nutritive status. For endogenous pains, women report more multiple pains in more body regions than men. With no obvious underlying rationale, some painful diseases are more prevalent among females, others among males and, for many diseases, symptoms differ between females and males. Sex differences in attitudes exist that affect not only reporting, coping, and responses to treatment, but also measurement and treatment. So many variables are operative, however, that the most striking feature of sex differences in reported pain experience is the apparent overall lack of them. On the other hand, deduction from known biological sex differences suggests that these are powerful sex differences in the operation of pain mechanisms. First, the vaginal canal provides an additional route in women for internal trauma and invasion by pathological agents that puts them at greater risk for developing hyperalgesia in multiple body regions. Second, sex differences in temporal patterns are likely to give rise to sex differences in how pain is “learned” and stimuli are interpreted, a situation that could lead to a greater variability and wider range of pains without obvious peripheral pathology among females. Third, sex differences in the actions of sex hormones suggest pain-relevant differences in the operation of many neuroactive agents, opiate and nonopiate systems, nerve growth factor, and the sympathetic system. Thus, while inductive analysis of existing data demonstrate more similarities than differences in pain experience between females and males, deductive analysis suggests important operational sex differences in its production.
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LAWSON, G. M., D. M. SALTER, and G. HOOPER. "Angioleiomyomas of the Hand." Journal of Hand Surgery 20, no. 4 (August 1995): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(05)80157-3.
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We have reviewed a series of 14 angioleiomyomas of the hand. Unlike angioleiomyomas elsewhere, those occurring on the hand are less commonly painful, have an equal sex distribution and are not predominantly of the solid type as seen in the lower limb. We were unable to find a strong association between histological appearance and clinical presentation. We were able to demonstrate nerve fibres within angioleiomyomas, which have not been reported previously.
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Thuswaldner, Jessie. "Transdermal estradiol as a novel treatment for Peyronie's disease: A case report." University of Ottawa Journal of Medicine 10, no. 1 (September 4, 2020): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/uojm.v10i1.4640.
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Introduction: This is a single‐patient case report of a (now) 75-year old married male with long-standing Peyronie’s disease (PD). The patient’s main symptoms were painful erections as well as secondary anxiety and depression. Resolution of these symptoms was achieved with transdermal estradiol treatment.
Objectives: To describe a patient with PD, whose persistently painful erections and psychologic distress were eliminated by a novel treatment involving transdermal estradiol. This report also aims to present a novel treatment for patients with paraphilias.
Methods: An interview with the patient, chart review, and a literature search were conducted. Informed consent was obtained from the patient and this report was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at the Royal Hospital in Ottawa.
Results: Treatment with transdermal estradiol decreased the patient’s sex drive and virtually eliminated his erections with no undesirable side effects. The patient and his wife still enjoy sexual relations without the need for penile erection.
Conclusions: This case report presents a novel treatment for PD. It also introduces a novel method to treat men who wish to decrease their sex drive (e.g. men with paraphilic disorders). Replication of this treatment intervention in men with PD and new studies of its use in men with paraphilic disorders are warranted.
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Pame, Mukheswar, Mondeep Gayan, Karuna Hazarika, and Deep KR. Roy. "MRI EVALUATION OF PAINFUL KNEE JOINT- THE CORRELATION OF MULTIPLE COEXISTING PATHOLOGIES, AGE AND SEX." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 4, no. 18 (March 1, 2017): 1019–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2017/200.
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Mitchell, KR, R. Geary, CA Graham, J. Datta, K. Wellings, P. Sonnenberg, N. Field, et al. "Painful sex (dyspareunia) in women: prevalence and associated factors in a British population probability survey." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 124, no. 11 (January 25, 2017): 1689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.14518.
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Flink, Ida K., Johanna Thomtén, Linnéa Engman, Stina Hedström, and Steven J. Linton. "Coping with painful sex: Development and initial validation of the CHAMP Sexual Pain Coping Scale." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 9, no. 1 (October 1, 2015): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2015.05.002.
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AbstractBackground and purposeRecurrent vulvar pain is a common and debilitating condition which has received remarkably little attention in pain research. For instance, little is known about how these women cope with sexual activities, and there are no structured assessment tools. The purpose of this study was to explore coping strategies in this group, with a view to develop a measure to assess how women with vulvar pain cope with sexual activities.MethodsThe current study is based on a subsample from a longitudinal study about vulvar pain in a student sample consisting of women between 18 and 35 years old (N = 964). Only data from the ones reporting recurrent vulvar pain during the last six months (N = 289) were used in the analyses. First, the CHAMP Sexual Pain Coping Scale (CSPCS) was created, with the aim of assessing how women with vulvar pain cope with sexual activities. The scale was inspired by previous research on women with vulvar pain as well as well-known coping strategies in other pain populations. Second, the psychometric properties of the scale were explored by analyzing the factor structure and internal reliability. Third, validity features were examined in terms of criterion validity and construct validity.ResultsThe analyses supported a three-factor solution, embracing the strategies endurance, avoidance and alternative coping. The internal reliability of the subscales turned out to be good, and the criterion validity was supported for all three subscales. The construct validity was clearly supported for the endurance and the avoidance subscales, but not for the alternative coping subscale.ConclusionsThe findings support the CSPCS as an instrument for assessing how women with vulvar pain cope with sexual activities. The strategies endurance, avoidance and alternative coping correspond with findings from earlier research. Endurance reflects a tendency to engage in and continue with sexual activities despite pain, while attempting to minimize or suppress thoughts of pain. Avoidance, on the other hand, involves efforts to stay away from sexual activities, in particular vaginal penetration, because of fear of pain. Alternative coping refers to endeavours to find alternative sexual activities that do not necessarily involve vaginal penetration. Even though this first study indicates that the CSPCS may be psychometrically sound, more studies are needed to confirm the psychometric properties and clinical application of this instrument. In particular, the construct validity of the alternative coping subscale needs to be further evaluated.ImplicationsA valid instrument for assessing strategies for coping with sexual activities in this population has important clinical implications, since it provides a method that may enhance assessment procedures, be used in research, and stimulate the development of treatment.
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Lund, Tatiana, Maria Pavlova, Madison Kennedy, Susan A. Graham, Carole Peterson, Bruce Dick, and Melanie Noel. "Father– and Mother–Child Reminiscing About Past Pain and Young Children’s Cognitive Skills." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 46, no. 7 (March 7, 2021): 757–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsab006.
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Abstract Objective Painful experiences are common, distressing, and salient in childhood. Parent-child reminiscing about past painful experiences is an untapped opportunity to process pain-related distress and, similar to reminiscing about other distressing experiences, promotes children’s broader development. Previous research has documented the role of parent-child reminiscing about past pain in children’s pain-related cognitions (i.e., memories for pain), but no study to date has examined the association between parent-child reminiscing about past painful experiences and children’s broader cognitive skills. Design and Methods One hundred and ten typically developing four-year-old children and one of their parents reminisced about a past painful autobiographical event. Children then completed two tasks from the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery, the Flanker Inhibitory Control & Attention Test and the Picture Sequence Memory Test, to measure their executive function and episodic memory, respectively. Results Results indicated that the relation between parental reminiscing style and children’s executive function was moderated by child sex, such that less frequent parental use of yes-no repetition questions was associated with boys’ but not girls’, greater performance on the executive function task. Children displayed greater episodic memory performance when their parents reminisced using more explanations. Conclusions The current study demonstrates the key role of parent-child reminiscing about pain in children’s broader development and supports the merging of developmental and pediatric psychology fields. Future longitudinal research should examine the directionality of the relation between parent-child reminiscing about past pain and children’s developmental outcomes.
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Park, In, Hyo-Jin Lee, Sang-Ki Kim, Min-Sik Park, and Yang-Soo Kim. "Factors Related to Preoperative Shoulder Pain in Patients with Atraumatic Painful Rotator Cuff Tears." Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5397/cise.2019.22.3.128.
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Background: Patients with rotator cuff tears are usually afflicted with shoulder pain and disability. However, it is unclear which factors are related to shoulder pain in patients with rotator cuff tears. This study was therefore undertaken to determine the factors correlated with shoulder pain in patients with painful rotator cuff tears, but without any history of trauma.Methods: We evaluated a cohort of 745 patients with painful rotator cuff tears having no trauma history, and analyzed the relationship between pain and multiple factors including demographic data, tear characteristics, and passive range of motion. Pain was analyzed with a questionnaire concerning the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Tear characteristics were determined by evaluating tear size, muscle atrophy, number of torn tendons, and presence of arthritis. Multivariate linear regression analysis and chi-squared test were applied to evaluate the relationship between the VAS for pain and variable factors.Results: Shoulder pain was associated with young age (<i>p</i>=0.01), male sex (<i>p</i>=0.01) and the presence of diabetes mellitus (<i>p</i><0.001). Measurements of rotator cuff tear characteristics including tear size (<i>p</i>=0.53), muscle atrophy (<i>p</i>=0.16) and the number of torn tendons (<i>p</i>=0.34) did not correlate with shoulder pain. Symptom duration (<i>p</i>=0.60) and range of motion (<i>p</i>>0.05) also showed no correlation with VAS for pain.Conclusions: Young age, male sex and the presence of diabetes mellitus correlated positively with preoperative shoulder pain in patients with painful rotator cuff tears without a trauma history. Combined treatment of pain management and risk factor correction could be helpful to control preoperative shoulder pain.
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Gandhi, Rajiv, Michael G. Zywiel, Nizar N. Mahomed, and Anthony V. Perruccio. "Depression and the Overall Burden of Painful Joints: An Examination among Individuals Undergoing Hip and Knee Replacement for Osteoarthritis." Arthritis 2015 (March 11, 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/327161.
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The majority of patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA) report one or more symptomatic joints apart from the one targeted for surgical care. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between the burden of multiple symptomatic joints and self-reported depression in patients awaiting joint replacement for OA. Four hundred and seventy-five patients at a single centre were evaluated. Patients self-reported joints that were painful and/or symptomatic most days of the previous month on a homunculus, with nearly one-third of the sample reporting 6 or more painful joints. The prevalence of depression was 12.2% (58/475). When adjusted for age, sex, education level, hip or knee OA, body mass index, chronic condition count, and joint-specific WOMAC scores, each additional symptomatic joint was associated with a 19% increased odds (odds ratio: 1.19 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.31, P<0.01)) of self-reported depression. Individuals reporting 6 or more painful joints had 2.5-fold or greater odds of depression when compared to those patients whose symptoms were limited to the surgical joint. A focus on the surgical joint alone is likely to miss a potentially important determinant of postsurgical patient-reported outcomes in patients undergoing hip or knee replacement.
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Fujii, Takayuki, Ryo Yamasaki, Yukino Miyachi, Kyoko Iinuma, Yu Hashimoto, Noriko Isobe, Takuya Matsushita, and Jun-ichi Kira. "Painful trigeminal neuropathy associated with anti-Plexin D1 antibody." Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation 7, no. 5 (June 25, 2020): e819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000000819.
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ObjectiveTo determine whether anti-Plexin D1 antibody (Plexin D1-immunoglobulin G [IgG]), which is associated with limb and trunk neuropathic pain (NP) and binds to pain-conducting small unmyelinated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, exists in patients with idiopathic painful trigeminal neuropathy (IPTN) and whether Plexin D1-IgG binds to trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons.MethodsWe enrolled 21 consecutive patients with IPTN and 35 age- and sex-matched controls without NP (25 healthy persons and 10 with neurodegenerative diseases). We measured serum Plexin D1-IgG using a mouse DRG tissue–based indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and by Western blotting (WB) using a recombinant human Plexin D1 (rhPlexin D1) accompanied by immunoadsorption tests with rhPlexin D1. The reactivity of Plexin D1-IgG toward mouse TG, brain, heart, and kidney was assessed by tissue-based IFAs.ResultsSerum Plexin D1-IgG was detected more frequently in IPTN than in controls by both IFA and WB (14.3% vs 0%, p = 0.048). Three Plexin D1-IgG–positive patients also had limb or trunk NP and commonly showed tongue pain. In tissue-based IFAs, IgG from 2 Plexin D1-IgG–positive patients immunostained small TG neurons, which was prevented by preincubation with rhPlexin D1. Moreover, Plexin D1-IgG immunostaining mostly colocalized with isolectin B4-positive pain-conducting unmyelinated TG neurons. IFAs of other tissues with the same IgG revealed weak immunoreactivity only in endothelial cells, which was prevented by preincubation with rhPlexin D1.ConclusionsPlexin D1-IgG, which binds to pain-conducting small TG neurons in addition to DRG neurons, can be present in IPTN as well as limb and trunk NP.
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Akezaki, Yoshiteru, Eiji Nakata, Masato Kikuuchi, Shinsuke Sugihara, Yoshimi Katayama, Haruki Katayama, Masanori Hamada, and Toshifumi Ozaki. "Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of Patients with Painful Spinal Bone Metastases." Healthcare 9, no. 11 (November 3, 2021): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111499.
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This study examined changes in the quality of life (QOL), as well as the factors affecting QOL, among patients with painful spinal bone metastases without paralysis for 1 month after radiotherapy. Methods: This study included 79 participants (40 male and 39 female; median age, 65 (42–88) years) who had undergone radiotherapy for painful spinal bone metastases without paralysis. Patients’ age, sex, activities of daily living (Barthel index), pain, spinal instability (spinal instability neoplastic score [SINS]), and QOL (EORTC QLQ-C30) were investigated. Results: Having an unstable SINS score was a positive factor for global health status (p < 0.05). The improvement in activities of daily living and response to pain were positive factors for physical function (p < 0.05). A positive effect on emotional function was confirmed among female patients (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Engaging in rehabilitation along with radiotherapy leads to improvements in QOL for patients with spinal bone metastases.