Books: 'Pain epidemiology'

1

K, Crombie I., ed. Epidemiology of pain: A report of the Task Force on Epidemiology of the International Association for the Study of Pain. Seattle: IASP Press, 1999.

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2

Chronic pain epidemiology: From aetiology to public health. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

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3

Pain in psychiatric disorders. Basel: Karger, 2015.

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4

Back pain and sciatica in Finnish farmers. Helsinki: Social Insurance Institution, Research Institute for Social Security, 1987.

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5

Page, Frederick T. Occupational groups and the occurrence of musculo-skeletal disorders in industry: "an ergonomic approach". Bournemouth, England: Anglo-European College of Chiropractic, 1985.

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6

Turczyn, Kathleen M. Inventory of pain data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Hyattsville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics, 1992.

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7

Wessex Institute for Health Research and Development., ed. Low back pain: Health care needs asessment : the epidemiologically based needs assessment reviews, second series. Oxford: Radcliffe Medical Press, 1997.

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8

Hmara, Ivan, and Viktor Strel'nikov. Environmental epidemiology and risk assessment. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1019063.

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The material presented in the textbook is based on modern ideas about environmental epidemiology as an interdisciplinary field of knowledge, the purpose of which is a multi — level study of the "environment-human health"system. Special attention is paid to the issues of risk assessment as an integral part of ecoepidemiological research. It corresponds to the program of the discipline "Environmental Epidemiology", approved by the Scientific and Methodological Council for Environmental Education of UMO Universities. For students in the field of training 05.03.06 "Ecology and nature management", as well as related biological, environmental and medical areas and specialists of the relevant work profiles.

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9

National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace. and Institute of Medicine (U.S.), eds. Musculoskeletal disorders and the workplace: Low back and upper extremities. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 2001.

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10

Maria dos Prazeres Cardoso Lourenço Pires Ferreira. Estudo epidemiológico e microbiológico do fluxo vaginal: Aspectos ḑa infecção pelo VIH : estudo das doenças de tranmissão sexual incluindo VIH-1 e 2 em 400 mulheres na Maternidade Lucrécia Paim durante o período de julho e agosto de 1992. Luanda: Universidade Agostinho Neto, Faculdade de Medicina, 1993.

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11

The science of marijuana. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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12

The science of marijuana. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

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13

Parker, Lara, ed. Vagina Problems. USA: Brilliance Audio, 2020.

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14

Parker, Lara, ed. Vagina Problems. USA: St. Martins Griffin, 2020.

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15

Office, General Accounting. Nuclear health and safety: Information on award fees paid at selected DOE facilities : fact sheet for the chairman, Environment, Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1989.

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16

Committee on the Use of Animals in Research (U.S.), National Academy of Sciences (U.S.), and Institute of Medicine (U.S.), eds. Science, medicine, and animals. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1991.

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17

Bliss, Alison. Paediatric pain epidemiology. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0055.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter reviewed 51 epidemiological studies looking at the incidence and prevalence of both acute pain and chronic pain in children and adolescents. The paper divided the studies they reviewed into two broad categories: those which examined pain in non-clinical populations, such as school children or general population samples, and those which examined pain in clinical settings, such as inpatients, outpatients from specific clinics, or special populations. In the clinical studies assessed, back pain in athletes and overuse injury syndrome in musicians were also included as studies from special populations. The non-clinical studies included head, stomach/abdominal, and back pain, as well as further studies focusing on oral/dental and limb pain, dysmenorrhoea, and multiple pain problems. The authors concluded that the epidemiology of pain in children and adolescents remained relatively undocumented.

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18

(Editor), I. K. Crombie, Peter R. Croft (Editor), Steven J. Linton (Editor), Linda Leresche (Editor), and Michael Von Korff (Editor), eds. Epidemiology of Pain: A Report of the Task Force on Epidemiology. IASP Press, 1999.

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19

Great Britain. Clinical Standards Advisory Group., ed. Epidemiology review: The epidemiology and cost of back pain. London: HMSO, 1994.

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20

Scott, Naomi. The epidemiology of complex regional pain syndrome. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0062.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter describes a retrospective study examining the epidemiology of complex regional pain syndrome in the Dutch general population. The researchers accessed patient data by means of the Integrated Primary Care Information project, which provided a large representative sample of the general population inclusive of all ages. They found an incidence of 26.2 per 100,000 person-years from a source population of 190,902 people. In those patients diagnosed by a specialist, three contemporaneous diagnostic criteria were applied, one of which was that of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP). The authors demonstrated that there were marked differences in the proportions of cases fulfilling different criteria and thus highlighted problems with case diagnosis. When the 1994 IASP criteria were strictly applied, the incidence was found to be 16.8 per 100,000 person-years.

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21

Brunner, Emily, and Robert Levy. The Epidemiology of Pain and Addiction (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265366.003.0001.

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The chapter on the epidemiology of pain and addiction opens with a discussion of epidemiological principles and then proceeds to review two categories of data: that which are available on the use of opioids to treat chronic pain, and that reflecting opioid use disorder (OUD). The data are provided with graphical representations that may aid in discussions and in teaching. An accompanying glossary of epidemiological terminology facilitates understanding of the data. Conclusions are drawn from the prevalence of use and of mortality that contribute to an understanding of the origins and direction of the opioid use crisis. An accompanying text box provides resources for further exploration of the topics discussed in the chapter.

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22

Brown, Matthew. Recognition of the importance of neuropathic pain epidemiology. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0071.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is ‘Prevalence of chronic pain with neuropathic characteristics in the general population’, published by Bouhassira and Lantéri-Minet in 2008. Understanding the extent to which a specific condition affects a population is of great importance, for two main reasons. First, robust epidemiological data influences relevant legislators and policymaking, leading to improvements in the allocation of scarce healthcare resources. Second, epidemiology studies alert clinicians and academics to deficiencies and oversights in current treatment. For decades, chronic pain resided in a twilight world, under-recognized and under-resourced, while patients suffered. Papers such as this pioneering work by Bouhassira and Lantéri-Minet started to turn the tide with respect to chronic pain’s profile in the pathological pecking order. It is important because it demonstrated in unarguable fashion the degree to which chronic neuropathic pain blights the lives of a significant proportion of the population.

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23

Arden, Nigel, and Michael C. Nevitt. Epidemiology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0008.

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Despite the impact of osteoarthritis (OA) on patients and the health service, OA remains an elusive condition to define and treat. Traditionally, OA has been diagnosed using radiographs and more recently magnetic resonance imaging; however, the last 20 years of research have changed our thinking about the disease and its treatment. We know today that OA takes up to 10–15 years to develop, has a range of risk factors, and that there is a considerable discordance between symptoms and structural signs, such that new classifications and definitions are moving away from structural criteria to combined structure and pain definitions. This chapter reviews the definition and classification of OA and its prevalence, incidence, and natural history.

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24

Farquhar-Smith, Paul. A seminal paper on the epidemiology of cancer pain. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0063.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is ‘Prevalence of pain in patients with cancer: A systematic review of the past 40 years’, published by van den Beuken et al. in 2007. It is not surprising that this definitive study on cancer pain prevalence is one of the most cited papers in cancer pain. Despite the extent of cancer pain literature, this paper’s 2007 publication is surprisingly recent for the first methodologically sound and major study of cancer pain prevalence. Many previous estimates lacked accuracy, and were prone to bias. What was known was that, despite apparent increasing interest in, research in, and recognition of pain in cancer patients, the prevalence of such pain was still high, even after treatment. This paper attempted to accurately quantify just how high by statistically pooling available high-quality data while avoiding the pitfalls of combining heterogeneous studies, as had plagued previous reports.

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25

Badiola, Ignacio. Acute Pain Management and Tissue Pain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190217518.003.0016.

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This chapter on acute pain medicine examines the themes represented on the American Board of Anesthesiology’s pain medicine certification exam. It covers Part 6 (tissue pain), Section 1 (acute pain). In detail, the epidemiology of acute pain, current inadequacy of acute pain therapies, the physiology of acute pain, and both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic aspects of acute pain treatment are discussed. Tools for assessing acute pain are reviewed, as well as the roles of both patient and family as they relate to adults and children in acute pain.

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26

Breivik, Harald. Epidemiology of pain: Its importance for clinical management and research. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785750.003.0002.

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Chronic pain affects at least 20% of the adult population in Europe. Musculoskeletal, abdominal pain, abdominal pain, and headache dominate. About 10% have widespread pain. Women suffer more chronic pain than men. Chronic pain is more common in older persons, in 50% of home-dwelling women, and 60% of women living in nursing homes. Chronic pain increases, with increasing age, and with increasing obesity, and with more patients surviving after treatment for cancer. After injuries and surgical operations new pain develops and persists longer than healing of the surgical wound in about 10%; with 1% developing disabling pain. Apart from sex and age, risk factors that can be reduced by preventive measures are disturbed sleep, psychological stress, depression, and anxiety. Chronic pain costs 2–10% of gross national products of European countries. Epidemiological studies can enable policymakers to provide preventive and therapeutic measures, and research investment to address this suffering.

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27

Siebert, Stefan, Sengupta Raj, and Alexander Tsoukas. The epidemiology of ankylosing spondylitis, axial spondyloarthritis, and back pain. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755296.003.0003.

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Low back pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide. The prevalence of inflammatory back pain (IBP) has been calculated to be in the range 8–15% in a UK primary care population and 5–7% in a US population-based cohort. IBP rates are significantly higher in patients with psoriasis, uveitis, or inflammatory bowel disease than the general population. There is a paucity of good epidemiological studies to define the true incidence and prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), and spondyloarthritis (SpA), with wide variation as a result of geographic, demographic and methodological factors. The global prevalence estimates range from 0.01–0.2% for AS, to 0.32–0.7% for axSpA and around 1% for SpA overall. The global incidence estimates range from 0.44–7.3 cases per 100,000 person-years for AS to 0.48–62.5 cases per 100,000 person-years in SpA. The demographics and natural history of disease progression are also discussed.

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28

Oliver, Terry. Chronic Pain Tracker - Eat Sleep Epidemiology Repeat Quote: Epidemiology, Chronic Pain Log Book Symptom Tracker and Health Diary Journal for Pain Management with Easy to Use Daily Format Pain Management ... Treatment, Organisation and Management,Simple. Independently Published, 2021.

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29

Leung, Albert. Peripheral Nerve Injury and Pain: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, Rehabilitation and Treatment Guidelines. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2019.

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30

Hillegass, M. Gabriel, Anthony A. Tucker, and Antonio Quidgley-Nevares. Musculoskeletal Pain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190217518.003.0012.

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This chapter on musculoskeletal pain is composed of a question-and-answer bank that encompasses the breadth of the fund of knowledge required for the evaluation and management of various chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes. Not only do probing questions with concise and informative answer explanations challenge the reader’s knowledge base but also references for further reading and mastery of the subject are provided. Topics covered include epidemiology, disability, rehabilitation, anatomy and physiology (including neurophysiology and mediators of inflammation), and the musculoskeletal exam. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of musculoskeletal pain conditions such as common orthopedic and occupational injuries, osteoarthritis, chronic tissue pain states, and various autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) are also expertly reviewed. These high-yield questions correspond to the musculoskeletal pain section of the American Board of Medical Specialties Pain Medicine Content Outline.

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31

Eccleston, Christopher, Bart Morlion, and Christopher Wells. Pain in Europe. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198785750.003.0001.

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There are over 740 million people living in the 37 countries who are members of the European Pain Federation of chapters of the International Association for the Study of Pain. The editors introduce the field of pain management, in particular the work of over 20,000 people in acute (largely injury related) pain, chronic pain including cancer pain management, and palliative care. We then describe how the book European Pain Management is structured. There are three sections: an introduction to the world of pain and the epidemiology of pain. The main section, which is 37 chapters long, reports describing the practice of pain management in each country, the challenges and innovations. And a final section looks at specific issues that cut across all nations, and ends with a concluding analysis of the statue of European Pain Management.

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32

Namerow, Norman S. Multiple Sclerosis and Pain. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199341016.003.0019.

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Pain is one of the most prevalent symptoms in persons with MS, and may also complicate other symptoms due to MS such as fatigue, impaired mobility and sleep disturbances. Thus, diagnosis and treatment of pain has become an increasingly important aspect in MS management. The epidemiology of pain in patients with multiple sclerosis is reviewed in this chapter, and a pain classification is presented. Pain syndromes are also reviewed, and appropriate treatments are described. Neuropathic pain in particular is discussed, including current views on the pathophysiology of pain production. An algorithm for medication use is presented that illustrates the utility of pharmacology with multiple agents in treating this condition.

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33

Hogans, Beth B., and Antje M. Barreveld, eds. Pain Care Essentials. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199768912.001.0001.

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Pain Care Essentials targets the needs of primary care providers and entry-level healthcare professionals to understand pain. Based on the successful approach of examining four basic questions, this textbook addresses: What is pain? How is pain assessed? How is pain managed? and How does clinical context impact pain experience and management? Weaving together advances in science and clinical practice, this text covers the full spectrum from basic pain signaling mechanisms, psychology, and epidemiology, to clinical skills, treatment choices, and impacts on children, older adults, and those with substance use disorders, at a depth attuned to the foundations of clinical practice. Based on a learner-centered teaching philosophy; we believe that a deeper understanding of patient-centered pain care, including socioemotional development, enhances the clinical experience for patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers; leading to better outcomes, higher levels of patient satisfaction, and less provider burnout. Each chapter includes learning objectives, a clinical case, multiple choice questions, and selected references. Figures, tables, and textboxes enhance reader engagement. The goal is to deliver essential pain content that can be incorporated into an integrated curriculum preparing students for formative and summative assessments of core competencies in pain, as well as meeting the needs of the more experienced general reader seeking a quick update. Prepared by an interprofessional authorship team for an audience that includes physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, pharmacists, and students of all healthcare professions, this work fills an important gap by focusing on pain as encountered by the broadest spectrum of healthcare practitioners.

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34

N, Weinstein James, Gordon Stephen L, Buckwalter Joseph A, and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons., eds. Low back pain: A scientific and clinical overview. Rosemont, IL: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1996.

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35

Epidemiological study of low back pain: Association with socio-demographic and occupational factors. 1991.

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36

Epidemiological study of low back pain: Association with socio-demographic and occupational factors. 1987.

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37

Malik, Tariq M. Back Pain: It’s Not Always Arthritis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190271787.003.0029.

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Back pain is prevalent in adults, and most often its cause is nonspecific and benign. Imaging and interventions are not always helpful and they are generally expensive and low yield. However, in about 10% or fewer cases, a specific etiology is found. A patient history, physical examination, and testing are the methods for finding the cause. Back pain from malignancy must also be considered. Prolonged survival from better chemotherapy has increased the incidence of metastases to bone, especially the spine. Common sources of spinal metastases are cancers of the prostate, kidneys, thyroid, breast, and lungs. The primary treatment is to address the malignancy. Pain from spinal tumors can be treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, radiofrequency, or vertebral augmentation therapy. The chapter reviews the epidemiology of spinal cancer pain, evaluation of malignant spinal pain, and what the interventional pain physician can offer patients to alleviate their pain.

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38

(Editor), James N. Weinstein, Stephen L. Gordon (Editor), and Joseph A. Buckwalter (Editor), eds. Low Back Pain: A Scientific and Clinical Overview (Symposium Series). Amer Acad of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1996.

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39

Pain Killer: A "Wonder" Drug's Trail of Addiction and Death. Rodale Books, 2003.

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40

Rayment, Clare, and Michael I. Bennett. Definition and assessment of chronic pain in advanced disease. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0093.

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This chapter discusses the various definitions applied to pain including chronic, nociceptive, neuropathic, and breakthrough. It gives a broad overview of the epidemiology of pain including its prevalence of greater than 50% in those patients with advanced disease and its under-treatment. The second part of the chapter explains how best to characterize the pain complaint. It acknowledges the importance of a thorough history, including pain characteristics such as severity and associated features. Several pain measurement scales, which can be used both in clinical practice and research, are presented. Clinical examination and imaging are also discussed as aids to diagnosis and management of pain. It concludes with how to assess pain in the context of a palliative plan of care, stressing the need to consider the many challenges that patients face with advancing disease and how the management of pain is affected by other symptoms patients may have.

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41

Watson, Max, Caroline Lucas, Andrew Hoy, and Jo Wells. Palliation of head and neck cancer. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199234356.003.0019.

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This chapter covers the basic epidemiology and pathology of head and neck cancer, the patient with head and neck cancer, tumour treatment, specific tumours with emphasis on advanced disease, pain, mouth problems in head and neck cancer, tracheostomy, swallowing problems, gastrostomies, speech problems, infection and fistulae, emergencies, tracheostomy tube obstruction, quality of life, body image and sexuality, and general medical problems in patients with head and neck cancer.

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42

Jones, Mark R., Matthew Novitch, Graham R. Hadley, Alan D. Kaye, and Sudhir A. Diwan. Thoracic Spine Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190626761.003.0008.

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Thoracic spinal pain (TSP) tends to receive less attention from clinical, epidemiologic, and genetic research communities owing to a reduced incidence in comparison to pain arising from cervical and lumbar derangement. Nevertheless, TSP can be similarly disabling to other forms of spinal pain, imposing significant burdens on the individual and society. Thoracic pain may arise from a multitude of underlying pathologies, including angina pectoris, herpes zoster infection, thoracic disc herniations, pulmonary or pleural tumors, and aneurysms. This chapter focuses on TSP of musculoskeletal origin; however, a thorough history and physical are imperative to avoid overlooking a potentially life-threatening condition.

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43

Thun, Michael, Martha S. Linet, James R. Cerhan, Christopher A. Haiman, and David Schottenfeld, eds. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.001.0001.

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Since its initial publication in 1982, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention has served as the premier reference work for both students and professionals working to understand the causes and prevention of cancer in humans. Now revised for the first time in more than a decade, this fourth edition provides an updated and comprehensive summary of the global patterns of cancer incidence and mortality, current understanding of the major causal determinants, and a rationale for preventive interventions. In this edition, special attention has been paid to molecular epidemiologic approaches that address the wider role of genetic predisposition and gene-environment interactions in cancer etiology and pathogenesis.

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44

Inman, Robert, and Joachim Sieper, eds. Oxford Textbook of Axial Spondyloarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.001.0001.

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Axial spondyloarthritis is a relatively new term, now becoming widely accepted in clinical practice, referring to inflammatory disease predominantly of the spine where the main symptom is back pain. The most common subset of AxSpA is ankylosing spondylitis. This is a rapidly evolving field with new diagnostic criteria and treatments, which are likely to evolve further. This book covers the significant recent advances in the epidemiology, genetics, pathogenesis, classification, and treatment of this disabling disease, from a truly global perspective.

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45

Doherty, Michael, David J. Hunter, Hans Bijlsma, Nigel Arden, and Nicola Dalbeth, eds. Oxford Textbook of Osteoarthritis and Crystal Arthropathy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.001.0001.

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The Oxford Textbook of Osteoarthritis and Crystal Arthropathy provides full coverage of joint failure, and includes detailed sections on epidemiology, risk factors, clinical assessment, and investigations. There are also new in-depth sections on gout and other crystal arthropathies. Clinically relevant and easily understandable overviews of basic science, including pathology and pain physiology, along with critical appraisal of current guidelines, make this a highly valuable resource. Significant coverage is also given to patient education and the involvement of the patient in management planning.

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46

Carpenter, Gregory, and Meenal Patil. Gender Differences in Pain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190217518.003.0005.

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Epidemiologic and clinical findings demonstrate that women are at increased risk for chronic pain, experience greater pain-related distress, and show heightened sensitivity for pain compared to men. There are differences in analgesic responses to pain and to both opioid and non-opioid medications as well as for endogenous analgesic processes. Many stress-related disorders, such as fibromyalgia and chronic pain, are more prevalent in women. Studies of experimentally induced pain show that women exhibit greater pain sensitivity, enhanced pain facilitation, and reduced pain inhibition compared to men. Mechanisms that implicated in the underlying sex differences include biological involvement of estrogen and progesterone versus testosterone. Sex-related differences in pain may also reflect differences in the endogenous opioid system. Other mechanisms include steroid action differences in adulthood, modulation of various biological systems such as the cardiovascular and inflammatory pathways, and sociocultural differences

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47

Nagpal, Ameet, and Brad Wisler. Thoracic Spinal Stenosis. Edited by Mehul J. Desai. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199350940.003.0011.

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Thoracic spinal stenosis is an uncommon pathologic condition of the spine. This chapter reviews its etiology, epidemiology, anatomic features, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Four of the main causes of thoracic spinal stenosis are ossification of the ligamentum flavum, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, thoracic disc herniation, and thoracic spondylosis. Even rarer secondary causes include generalized skeletal disorders, metabolic and endocrine disorders of the spine, neoplastic lesions, and vascular malformations. The chapter presents a brief review of the currently available surgical techniques. An updated review is provided of the literature on non-surgical management of the disease, mainly interventional pain management.

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48

Soloff, Paul, and Christian Schmahl. Suicide and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury. Edited by Christian Schmahl, K. Luan Phan, Robert O. Friedel, and Larry J. Siever. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199362318.003.0011.

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This chapter reviews current data on the prevalence of suicidal behavior and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in patients with PDs; the characteristics of attempters versus completers; and the epidemiology of NSSI in borderline personality disorder (BPD). In addition, it presents explanatory models for suicide and NSSI. Also, there are comprehensive discussions of the neurobiological mechanisms involved in both suicidality and NSSI focusing on the structural and functional neuroimaging of emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, executive cognitive deficits, affective interference and cognitive function, and the Endogenous Opioid System. The chapter concludes with a detailed description of pain processing as it interacts with NSSI.

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49

Rosenbaum, James T. Extra-articular manifestations: uveitis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.003.0016.

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Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) is the most common, extra-articular, clinical manifestation of spondyloarthritis. In some patients, it is the dominant manifestation. This chapter reviews the definition of uveitis, the epidemiology of uveitis, the differential diagnosis, the relationship of HLA-B27 to uveitis, laboratory testing for suspected HLA-B27-associated uveitis, treatment considerations, and experimental models in which both uveitis and spondylitis co-exist. Although acute anterior uveitis rarely precedes spondyloarthritis, acute anterior uveitis is often the clue that chronic back pain is due to sacroiliac inflammation. Uveitis is sometimes the dominant clinical manifestation of spondyloarthritis and it can influence the choice for appropriate therapy.

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50

The Stomach: A Biography- Four Thousand Years of Stomach Pains- Literature, Symptoms and Epidemiology. Brand: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2013.

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Books on the topic 'Pain epidemiology'

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