Journal articles: 'Pain detection'

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FUJIMASA, I. "Pain Detection and its Treatment." JAPANES JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION 55, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 476–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4286/ikakikaigaku.55.9_476.

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Alazrai, Rami, Saifaldeen AL-Rawi, Hisham Alwanni, and Mohammad I. Daoud. "Tonic Cold Pain Detection Using Choi–Williams Time-Frequency Distribution Analysis of EEG Signals: A Feasibility Study." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16 (August 20, 2019): 3433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163433.

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Detecting pain based on analyzing electroencephalography (EEG) signals can enhance the ability of caregivers to characterize and manage clinical pain. However, the subjective nature of pain and the nonstationarity of EEG signals increase the difficulty of pain detection using EEG signals analysis. In this work, we present an EEG-based pain detection approach that analyzes the EEG signals using a quadratic time-frequency distribution, namely the Choi–Williams distribution (CWD). The use of the CWD enables construction of a time-frequency representation (TFR) of the EEG signals to characterize the time-varying spectral components of the EEG signals. The TFR of the EEG signals is analyzed to extract 12 time-frequency features for pain detection. These features are used to train a support vector machine classifier to distinguish between EEG signals that are associated with the no-pain and pain classes. To evaluate the performance of our proposed approach, we have recorded EEG signals for 24 healthy subjects under tonic cold pain stimulus. Moreover, we have developed two performance evaluation procedures—channel- and feature-based evaluation procedures—to study the effect of the utilized EEG channels and time-frequency features on the accuracy of pain detection. The experimental results show that our proposed approach achieved an average classification accuracy of 89.24% in distinguishing between the no-pain and pain classes. In addition, the classification performance achieved using our proposed approach outperforms the classification results reported in several existing EEG-based pain detection approaches.

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Siqueira, Silvia R. D. T. de, Mariana Siviero, Fábio K. Alvarez, Manoel J. Teixeira, and José T. T. de Siqueira. "Quantitative sensory testing in trigeminal traumatic neuropathic pain and persistent idiopathic facial pain." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 71, no. 3 (March 2013): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2013000300009.

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The objective of this article was to investigate, with a systematic protocol of quantitative sensory testing, patients with persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) and others with trigeminal traumatic neuropathic pain (TTN) compared to controls. Thirty patients with PIFP, 19 with TTN, and 30 controls were evaluated on subjective numbness and dysesthesia and with a systematic protocol of quantitative sensory testing for thermal evaluation (cold and warm), mechanical detection (touch and pinpricks for mechanical pain), superficial pain thresholds, and corneal reflex. We found that PIFP and TTN had numbness and dysesthesia higher than controls (p<0.001 and p=0.003), and that in both of them mechanical pain by pinpricks detection was abnormal intra and extra orally at the mandibular branch (p<0.001). Cold, warm, and tactile detections and pain thresholds were similar among the groups. Corneal reflex was abnormal in TTN (p=0.005). This study supports neuropathic mechanisms involving pain processing in PIFP and that the criterion on absence of sensorial variations in PIFP should be revised.

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Ostermeyer, Georg Peter, and Frank Schiefer. "On Pain Detection in Multibody Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 9 (October 2007): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.9.115.

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Up to now a coherence between pain and technical systems has almost not been researched. Whereas some aspects of the nociceptive pain which serves human beings as a warning system and is also described as useful, can be transferred necessarily to technical systems. The idea of pain detection is an additional product of the Mesoscopic Particle Method [2-4]. Thereby the transformation of kinetic energy into heat energy caused by impact- and friction processes in the boundary layer of contact areas is described correctly with respect to thermodynamics. Between the properties of pain and heat there obviously exist analogies. Pain increases when certain external effects get higher and decreases smoothly, when the effect is taken off [5]. Generally pain is a vector of different phenomena. By means of the developed sensor concept the application of energy is detected including implicit frequency selective information about the jerk. It will experimentally and numerically be shown how e. g. a “hard-soft-detection” of surfaces can be evaluated by the developed sensor concept.

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Mills, Daniel, and Lauren Finka. "Early detection of pain in cats." Veterinary Record 178, no. 18 (April 28, 2016): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.i2429.

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Aasvang, Eske K., Bo Møhl, and Henrik Kehlet. "Ejaculatory Pain." Anesthesiology 107, no. 2 (August 1, 2007): 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.anes.0000270736.28324.61.

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Background Sexual dysfunction due to ejaculatory and genital pain after groin hernia surgery may occur in approximately 2.5% of patients. However, the specific psychosexological and neurophysiologic characteristics have not been described, thereby precluding assessment of pathogenic mechanisms and treatment strategies. Methods Ten patients with severe pain-related sexual dysfunction and ejaculatory pain were assessed in detail by quantitative sensory testing and interviewed by a psychologist specialized in evaluating sexual functional disorders and were compared with a control group of 20 patients with chronic pain after groin hernia repair but without sexual dysfunction, to identify sensory changes associated with ejaculatory pain. Results Quantitative sensory testing showed significantly higher thermal and mechanical detection thresholds and lowered mechanical pain detection thresholds in both groups compared with the nonpainful side. Pressure pain detection threshold and tolerance were significantly lower in the ejaculatory pain group compared with the control group. 'The maximum pain was specifically located at the external inguinal annulus in all ejaculatory pain patients, but not in controls. The psychosexual interview revealed no major psychosexual disturbances and concluded that the pain was of somatic origin. All patients with ejaculatory pain had experienced major negative life changes and deterioration in their overall quality of life and sexual function as a result of the hernia operation. Conclusions Postherniotomy ejaculatory pain and pain-related sexual dysfunction is a specific chronic pain state that may be caused by pathology involving the vas deferens and/or nerve damage. Therapeutic strategies should therefore include neuropathic pain treatment and/or surgical exploration.

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Sriraam, N., and S. Tejaswini. "Infant Cry Detection and Pain Scale Assessment." International Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Engineering 3, no. 1 (January 2014): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbce.2014010104.

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A biological alarm system that connects mother and new born is referred as infant cry. Infant cry is a first means of communication through which mother understands the level of distress/ needs. Infant cry can be considered a multimodal behavior which involves limb movements, facial expressions which changes over time to identify the needs of an infant. The cry of the baby cannot be predicted accurately and it is hard to identify for what it cries for. The infant's cry is mainly a vocal signal which is a way of communication that aims to get attention of the listener to a physical state like hunger, pain, discomfort, fear, illness, wet diaper etc., .Pain is one of the most common symptoms experienced world over. Pain is an unpleasant feeling that is conveyed to the brain by sensory neurons. The discomfort signals actual or potential injury to the body. This pilot study gives an insight on the current state of works in infant cry analysis and pain scale assessment and also concludes with thoughts about the future directions for better representation and interpretation of infant cry signals.

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Wooley, Charles F., Elizabeth H. Sparkas, and Harisios Boudoulas. "Aortic pain: The renaissance of cardiovascular pain and the detection of aortopathy." Herz 24, no. 2 (April 1999): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03043853.

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Grothusen, John R. "Thermal Pain in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I." Pain Physician 17;1, no. 1;17 (January 14, 2014): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2014/17/71.

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Background: Quantitative sensory testing (QST), with thermal threshold determinations, is a routine part of the comprehensive clinical workup of patients suffering from chronic pain, especially those with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome seen at our outpatient pain clinic. This is done to quantitatively assess each patient’s small fiber and sensory function in a controlled manner. Most patients have normal sensory detection thresholds, but there are large differences in thermal pain thresholds. Some patients display no thermal hyperalgesia, while other patients display severe thermal hyperalgesia when tested in all 4 limbs. Objectives: To ascertain the prevalence of thermal hyperalgesia in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS-I). Study Design: This was a retrospective review of the results of QST performed on 105 patients as part of their clinical workup. Setting: The outpatient clinic of the Department of Neurology at Drexel University College of Medicine. Methods: All patients had a diagnosis of CRPS-I. Thermal quantitative sensory testing, including cool detection, warm detection, cold pain, and heat pain, was performed on 8 distal sites on each patient as part of a comprehensive clinical examination. Results: With regards to thermal hyperalgesia, patients with CPRS-I appear to fall into distinct groups. One subgroup displays evidence of generalized cold and heat hyperalgesia, one subgroup displays evidence of generalized cold hyperalgesia only, one displays evidence of heat hyperalgesia only, and one subgroup does not display evidence of cold or heat hyperalgesia. Limitations: This study is based on retrospective information on a relatively small (105 patient records) number of patients. Since only patients with CRPS-I were included, the results are only applicable to this group. Conclusions: Thermal QST provides useful information about the sensory phenotype of individual patients. Subgrouping based on thermal hyperalgesia may be useful for future studies regarding prognosis, treatment selection, and efficacy. Key words: Complex regional pain syndrome, CRPS, quantitative sensory testing, QST, cold pain, heat pain, thermal hyperalgesia

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Iqbal, Syma, James Walcott, and Stephen Chan. "Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia Presenting as Perianal Pain." Case Reports in Surgery 2018 (November 27, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2151492.

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Extramedullary involvement of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a rare entity as most patients present with lymphoreticular organ involvement. Its detection and diagnosis can be extremely challenging, as these patients would present with unusual clinical symptoms. We diagnosed and managed a patient with leukemic infiltration of GIT who presented with perianal pain. Prompt use of MRI played an important role in detecting underlying pathology, and effective tissue sampling confirmed the diagnosis. This resulted in overall successful management of the patient.

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Kolber, Adam J. "Pain Detection and the Privacy of Subjective Experience." American Journal of Law & Medicine 33, no. 2-3 (June 2007): 433–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885880703300212.

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A neurologist with abdominal pain goes to see a gastroenterologist for treatment. The gastroenterologist asks the neurologist where it hurts. The neurologist replies, “In my head, of course.” Indeed, while we can feel pain throughout much of our bodies, pain signals undergo most of their processing in the brain. Using neuroimaging techniques like functional magnetic resonance imaging (“fMRI”) and positron emission tomography (“PET”), researchers have more precisely identified brain regions that enable us to experience physical pain. Certain regions of the brain's cortex, for example, increase in activation when subjects are exposed to painful stimuli. Furthermore, the amount of activation increases with the intensity of the painful stimulus. These findings suggest that we may be able to gain insight into the amount of pain a particular person is experiencing by non-invasively imaging his brain.Such insight could be particularly valuable in the courtroom where we often have no definitive medical evidence to prove or disprove claims about the existence and extent of pain symptoms.

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AMAlANATHAN, SELVIA AM, ABDULAZIZ ASIRI, and AMER AL ALI. "Mental Health Prediction Using Artificial Intelligence- Machine Learning: Pain and Stress Detection Using Wearable Sensors and Devices—A Review." YMER Digital 21, no. 08 (August 12, 2022): 528–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.08/45.

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Pain is a subjective feeling; it is a sensation that every human being must have experienced all their life. Yet, its mechanism and the way to immune to it is still a question to be answered. This re- view presents the mechanism and correlation of pain and stress, their assessment and detection approach with medical devices and wearable sensors. Various physiological signals (i.e., heart activity, brain activity, muscle activity, electrodermal activity, respiratory, blood volume pulse, skin tempera- ture) and behavioral signals are organized for wearables sensors detection. By reviewing the wearable sensors used in the healthcare domain, we hope to find a way for wearable healthcare-monitoring system to be applied on pain and stress detection. Since pain leads to multiple consequences or symptoms such as muscle tension and depression that are stress related, there is a chance to find a new approach for chronic pain detection using daily life sensors or devices. Then by integrating modern computing techniques, there is a chance to handle pain and stress management issue. Keywords: Mental health, machine learning, pain detection; stress detection; wearable sensor; physiological signals; behavioral signals

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Wang, Chongyang, Temitayo A. Olugbade, Akhil Mathur, Amanda C. DE C. Williams, Nicholas D. Lane, and Nadia Bianchi-Berthouze. "Chronic Pain Protective Behavior Detection with Deep Learning." ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare 2, no. 3 (July 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3449068.

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In chronic pain rehabilitation, physiotherapists adapt physical activity to patients’ performance based on their expression of protective behavior, gradually exposing them to feared but harmless and essential everyday activities. As rehabilitation moves outside the clinic, technology should automatically detect such behavior to provide similar support. Previous works have shown the feasibility of automatic protective behavior detection (PBD) within a specific activity. In this article, we investigate the use of deep learning for PBD across activity types, using wearable motion capture and surface electromyography data collected from healthy participants and people with chronic pain. We approach the problem by continuously detecting protective behavior within an activity rather than estimating its overall presence. The best performance reaches mean F1 score of 0.82 with leave-one-subject-out cross validation. When protective behavior is modeled per activity type, performance achieves a mean F1 score of 0.77 for bend-down, 0.81 for one-leg-stand, 0.72 for sit-to-stand, 0.83 for stand-to-sit, and 0.67 for reach-forward. This performance reaches excellent level of agreement with the average experts’ rating performance suggesting potential for personalized chronic pain management at home. We analyze various parameters characterizing our approach to understand how the results could generalize to other PBD datasets and different levels of ground truth granularity.

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Sumitani, Mizuho, Michihiro Osumi, Hiroaki Abe, Kenji Azuma, Rikuhei Tsuchida, and Masahiko Sumitani. "A Robot Has a Mind of Its Own Because We Intuitively Share It." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 18, 2020): 6531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186531.

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People perceive the mind in two dimensions: intellectual and affective. Advances in artificial intelligence enable people to perceive the intellectual mind of a robot through their semantic interactions. Conversely, it has been still controversial whether a robot has an affective mind of its own without any intellectual actions or semantic interactions. We investigated pain experiences when observing three different facial expressions of a virtual agent modeling affective minds (i.e., painful, unhappy, and neutral). The cold pain detection threshold of 19 healthy subjects was measured as they watched a black screen, then changes in their cold pain detection thresholds were evaluated as they watched the facial expressions. Subjects were asked to rate the pain intensity from the respective facial expressions. Changes of cold pain detection thresholds were compared and adjusted by the respective pain intensities. Only when watching the painful expression of a virtual agent did, the cold pain detection threshold increase significantly. By directly evaluating intuitive pain responses when observing facial expressions of a virtual agent, we found that we ‘share’ empathic neural responses, which can be intuitively emerge, according to observed pain intensity with a robot (a virtual agent).

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Petersen, Karin Lottrup, Jannick Brennum, and Jes Olesen. "Evaluation of Pericranial Myofascial Nociception by Pressure Algometry. Reproducibility and Factors of Variation." Cephalalgia 12, no. 1 (February 1992): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1992.1201033.x.

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Pressure pain detection threshold and pressure pain tolerance threshold were measured in the temples and on the fingers in 40 healthy volunteers, equally distributed as to sex and handedness. Lower pressure pain thresholds were found over the temporal muscle than in a neighbouring temporal location without interposed myofascial tissue ( p < 0.001), indicating that nociception from myofascial tissue contributes to the pressure pain threshold. Pressure pain tolerance was more reproducible within the individual subject but differed more between subjects than pressure pain detection. Pressure pain thresholds were higher on the fingers than in the temples ( p < 10-5) and, in general, thresholds were higher in males than in females ( p = 0.02 – 0.09). Finally, pressure pain thresholds were lateralized in dextrals but not in sinistrals. The information that can be obtained from pressure pain detection and tolerance thresholds is discussed and examination of both threshold types is recommended in future studies.

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Shafrin, Jason, Jenny Griffith, Jin Joo Shim, Caroline Huber, Arijit Ganguli, and Wade Aubry. "Geographic Variation in Diagnostic Ability and Quality of Care Metrics: A Case Study of Ankylosing Spondylitis and Low Back Pain." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 54 (January 1, 2017): 004695801770787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958017707873.

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Studies examining geographic variation in care for low back pain often focus on process and outcome measures conditional on patient diagnosis but generally do not take into account a physician’s ability to diagnose the root cause of low back pain. In our case study, we used increased detection of ankylosing spondylitis—a relatively rare inflammatory back disease—as a proxy for diagnostic ability and measured the relationship between ankylosing spondylitis detection, potentially inappropriate low back pain care, and cost. Using 5 years of health insurance claims data, we found significant variation in ankylosing spondylitis detection across metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), with 8.1% of the variation in detection explained by a region’s racial composition. Furthermore, low back pain patients in MSAs with higher ankylosing spondylitis detection had 7.9% lower use of corticosteroids, 9.0% lower use of opioids, and 8.2% lower pharmacy cost, compared with patients living in low-detection MSAs.

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Bouteraa, Yassine, Ismail Ben Abdallah, Khaled Alnowaiser, and Atef Ibrahim. "Smart solution for pain detection in remote rehabilitation." Alexandria Engineering Journal 60, no. 4 (August 2021): 3485–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2021.02.001.

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Teichmann, Daniel, Jan Klopp, Alexander Hallmann, Katharina Schuett, Stefan Wolfart, and Maren Teichmann. "Detection of acute periodontal pain from physiological signals." Physiological Measurement 39, no. 9 (September 27, 2018): 095007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/aadf0c.

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Ki, Minsong, and Yeongwoo Choi. "Extreme Pain Detection based on Human Facial Expressions." Journal of Digital Contents Society 21, no. 2 (February 29, 2020): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.9728/dcs.2020.21.2.415.

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Pitães, Margarida, Chris Blais, Paul Karoly, Morris A. Okun, and Gene A. Brewer. "Acute pain disrupts prospective memory cue detection processes." Memory 26, no. 10 (July 2018): 1450–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2018.1491602.

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Arbisi, Paul A., and James N. Butcher. "Psychometric Perspectives on Detection of Malingering of Pain." Clinical Journal of Pain 20, no. 6 (November 2004): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002508-200411000-00002.

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Galin, Karen E., and Beverly E. Thorn. "Unmasking Pain: Detection of Deception in Facial Expressions." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 12, no. 2 (June 1993): 182–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1993.12.2.182.

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Borna, Sahar, Clifton R. Haider, Karla C. Maita, Ricardo A. Torres, Francisco R. Avila, John P. Garcia, Gioacchino D. De Sario Velasquez, et al. "A Review of Voice-Based Pain Detection in Adults Using Artificial Intelligence." Bioengineering 10, no. 4 (April 21, 2023): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10040500.

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Pain is a complex and subjective experience, and traditional methods of pain assessment can be limited by factors such as self-report bias and observer variability. Voice is frequently used to evaluate pain, occasionally in conjunction with other behaviors such as facial gestures. Compared to facial emotions, there is less available evidence linking pain with voice. This literature review synthesizes the current state of research on the use of voice recognition and voice analysis for pain detection in adults, with a specific focus on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques. We describe the previous works on pain recognition using voice and highlight the different approaches to voice as a tool for pain detection, such as a human effect or biosignal. Overall, studies have shown that AI-based voice analysis can be an effective tool for pain detection in adult patients with various types of pain, including chronic and acute pain. We highlight the high accuracy of the ML-based approaches used in studies and their limitations in terms of generalizability due to factors such as the nature of the pain and patient population characteristics. However, there are still potential challenges, such as the need for large datasets and the risk of bias in training models, which warrant further research.

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Kemler, Marius A., Jos P. H. Reulen, Gerard A. M. Barendse, Maarten van Kleef, Henrica C. W. de Vet, and Frans A. J. M. van den Wildenberg. "Impact of Spinal Cord Stimulation on Sensory Characteristics in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I." Anesthesiology 95, no. 1 (July 1, 2001): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200107000-00016.

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Background A randomized trial was performed to assess the effect of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on detection and pain thresholds for pressure, warmth, and cold and on the extent of mechanical hyperalgesia in patients with chronic complex regional pain syndrome type I. Methods Fifty-four chronic complex regional pain syndrome type I patients were randomized to receive both SCS and physical therapy (SCS+PT; n = 36), or to receive only physical therapy (PT; n = 18). Twenty-four SCS+PT patients responded positively to trial stimulation and underwent SCS implantation. During a 12-month follow-up period, six quantitative sensory testing sessions were performed. The main analysis compared 24 SCS patients with 29 nonimplanted patients--one PT patient was excluded. Results SCS showed no effect on detection thresholds for warmth and cold or on pain thresholds for any sensation. The pressure detection threshold initially increased by SCS, but after 3 months, pressure detection thresholds returned to normal. Mechanical hyperalgesia, both dynamic and static, was reduced slightly with SCS. Conclusions Although SCS has previously been shown to cause a significant pain reduction in complex regional pain syndrome type I, the treatment has no long-term effect on detection and pain thresholds for pressure, warmth, or cold. The treatment seems to have only minimal influence on mechanical hyperalgesia.

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Chen, Jerry, Maysam Abbod, and Jiann-Shing Shieh. "Pain and Stress Detection Using Wearable Sensors and Devices—A Review." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041030.

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Pain is a subjective feeling; it is a sensation that every human being must have experienced all their life. Yet, its mechanism and the way to immune to it is still a question to be answered. This review presents the mechanism and correlation of pain and stress, their assessment and detection approach with medical devices and wearable sensors. Various physiological signals (i.e., heart activity, brain activity, muscle activity, electrodermal activity, respiratory, blood volume pulse, skin temperature) and behavioral signals are organized for wearables sensors detection. By reviewing the wearable sensors used in the healthcare domain, we hope to find a way for wearable healthcare-monitoring system to be applied on pain and stress detection. Since pain leads to multiple consequences or symptoms such as muscle tension and depression that are stress related, there is a chance to find a new approach for chronic pain detection using daily life sensors or devices. Then by integrating modern computing techniques, there is a chance to handle pain and stress management issue.

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Kong, Youngsun, Hugo F. Posada-Quintero, and Ki H. Chon. "Real-Time High-Level Acute Pain Detection Using a Smartphone and a Wrist-Worn Electrodermal Activity Sensor." Sensors 21, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 3956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21123956.

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The subjectiveness of pain can lead to inaccurate prescribing of pain medication, which can exacerbate drug addiction and overdose. Given that pain is often experienced in patients’ homes, there is an urgent need for ambulatory devices that can quantify pain in real-time. We implemented three time- and frequency-domain electrodermal activity (EDA) indices in our smartphone application that collects EDA signals using a wrist-worn device. We then evaluated our computational algorithms using thermal grill data from ten subjects. The thermal grill delivered a level of pain that was calibrated for each subject to be 8 out of 10 on a visual analog scale (VAS). Furthermore, we simulated the real-time processing of the smartphone application using a dataset pre-collected from another group of fifteen subjects who underwent pain stimulation using electrical pulses, which elicited a VAS pain score level 7 out of 10. All EDA features showed significant difference between painless and pain segments, termed for the 5-s segments before and after each pain stimulus. Random forest showed the highest accuracy in detecting pain, 81.5%, with 78.9% sensitivity and 84.2% specificity with leave-one-subject-out cross-validation approach. Our results show the potential of a smartphone application to provide near real-time objective pain detection.

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Patel, NH, AF Jacobson, and J. Williams. "Scintigraphic detection of sequential symmetrical metatarsal stress fractures." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 85, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-85-3-162.

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A patient with complaints of right foot pain and previous normal radiographs had an abnormal three-phase bone scan consistent with a second metatarsal stress fracture. Subsequent radiographs confirmed this diagnosis. Two months later, the patient developed pain in his left foot, and again initial radiographs were noncontributory. A later bone scan revealed a left second metatarsal stress fracture. The results in this case reemphasize the value of bone scintigraphy in patients with foot pain and no bone abnormalities on plain radiographs.

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Giesbrecht, R. Jason S., and Michele C. Battié. "A Comparison of Pressure Pain Detection Thresholds in People With Chronic Low Back Pain and Volunteers Without Pain." Physical Therapy 85, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 1085–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/85.10.1085.

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Abstract Background and Purpose. Palpation is often utilized in the physical examination of patients with low back pain. The purpose of this study was to compare the pressure pain detection threshold (PPDT) of people with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and subjects without pain. Subjects and Methods. Thirty female subjects with CLBP were recruited from the offices of primary care physicians and physical therapists and compared with 30 female volunteers without pain for differences in PPDT at 6 sites tested bilaterally. Results. A significantly lower mean PPDT was found for all test site groups in subjects with CLBP compared with subjects without pain. A lower global PPDT was found in subjects with CLBP compared with subjects without pain (5.6 lb/cm2 versus 6.9 lb/cm2). This also was the case for PPDT for the group of test sites unrelated to the lumbar spine (5.1 lb/cm2 versus 6.1 lb/cm2) and for PPDT related to the lumbar spine (5.9 lb/cm2 versus 8.0 lb/cm2). Discussion and Conclusion. Neurobiological or biopsychosocial influences may have contributed to the lower PPDT evident in subjects with CLBP. Subjects with CLBP demonstrated a lower global PPDT compared with subjects without pain, which should be taken into account when interpreting findings of pain or tenderness from palpation.

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Iwata, Koichi, Yoshiyuki Tsuboi, Kaori Kitajima, Nobuyuki Shimizu, Hirofumi Nomura, Jun Wu, Jiro Hibiya, Shunichi Fujita, and Rhyuji Sumino. "Response Properties of Primary Somatosensory Cortical Neurons during the Detection of Changes in Tooth Pulp Stimulus Intensity in Monkeys." PAIN RESEARCH 11, no. 2 (1996): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11154/pain.11.125.

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Goldberg, G. R., A. Litke, and R. S. Morrison. "Do specialized oncology units improve the detection and management of pain?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 6084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.6084.

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6084 Background: Pain is a common complaint of cancer patients and has a significant impact on quality of life. The objective of this study was to compare pain management for cancer patients admitted to dedicated oncology vs. general medicine/surgery units. Methods: Design: Secondary analysis of data obtained from a controlled clinical trial evaluating a series of interventions to improve pain outcomes conducted from 4/2002–2/2003. Setting: 1,171 bed hospital. Patients: 445 hospitalized adult oncology patients; 239 patients admitted to a specialized oncology unit, 206 patients admitted to general medicine/surgery units. Main outcome measures: Pain assessment and severity, analgesic prescribing. Analysis: T tests and chi square were used to compare patient characteristics. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to explore the effect of a specialized oncology unit on pain assessment, severity, and analgesic and laxative prescribing. Results: The two groups did not differ significantly in patient characteristics. Mean age was 59 years, 56% were men, 61% were white, 79% had solid tumors. In multivariate analysis, patients admitted to a specialized oncology unit had significantly less pain (mean pain score for patients on oncology unit was 1.24 vs 1.68 for non-oncology unit; parameter estimate = −0.42; p<0.01). There were no significant differences in the frequency of nursing assessment of pain, opiate prescribing, or laxative prescribing for those patients receiving opioids. Conclusion: In multivariate analysis, admission to a specialized oncology unit was associated with significantly less reported pain. These findings have implications for structuring medical units for patients at high risk for pain. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Gruen, M. E., E. Griffith, A. Thomson, W. Simpson, and B. D. X. Lascelles. "Detection of Clinically Relevant Pain Relief in Cats with Degenerative Joint Disease Associated Pain." Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 28, no. 2 (February 10, 2014): 346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12312.

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Holbrook, Anna I., James Zhang, Kelly D’amico, Yuan Liu, and Mary S. Newell. "The Association of Breast Pain with Malignancy." Journal of Breast Imaging 1, no. 3 (July 29, 2019): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbi/wbz029.

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Abstract Objective Breast pain is a common reason for imaging evaluation; however, the limited literature available suggests a low incidence of malignancy with isolated pain. The goal of this study is to calculate the risk of cancer in patients with breast pain, and to compare to the screening mammography cancer detection rates. Methods This retrospective, institutional review board–approved study included all patients for whom a breast pain history sheet was filled out between November 3, 2013, and July 28, 2016. Those without at least two years of follow-up were excluded. From the medical record, any malignancy found at the site of pain at presentation or within two years was noted. Screening cancer detection rate was calculated from the mammography tracking software, and the Chi-square test was used to evaluate the significance of the difference between the cancer detection rates in patients with pain versus that detected by screening. Results Of 421 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 4 (1.0%) had cancer at the site of pain, with a rate of malignancy of 9.5/1000 (95% CI: 3.5/1000 to 25.2/1000). The screening cancer detection rate was 7.3/1000 (P = 0.403), which was not significantly different. All cancers occurred in patients with coexisting palpable abnormalities; none was found when pain was the only symptom. Conclusion The rate of malignancy in patients with breast pain did not differ significantly from that detected by screening mammography. In patients with isolated breast pain without a palpable abnormality, there were no cases of malignancy. Imaging patients for the sole purpose of evaluating breast pain may not be necessary.

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Schliessbach, Jürg, Andreas Siegenthaler, Lukas Bütikofer, Pascal Vuilleumier, Peter Jüni, Lars Arendt-Nielsen, and Michele Curatolo. "Quantitative sensory tests fairly reflect immediate effects of oxycodone in chronic low-back pain." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 17, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.07.004.

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AbstractIntroductionQuantitative sensory tests (QST) can be used for profiling anti-nociceptive effects of analgesics. However, anti-nociceptive effects detected by QST are not necessarily associated with analgesic effects in pain patients. As part of a large investigation on low back pain, this paper describes the immediate analgesic and anti-nociceptive effects of oxycodone in chronic low-back pain and ranks different QST according to their ability to reflect this effect. The results are expected to support the selection of QST for future studies on potential novel opioid agonists in human pain.MethodsIn this randomized, placebo-controlled and double-blinded cross-over study, 50 patients with chronic low-back pain received a single oral dose of oxycodone 15 mg or active placebo, and underwent multiple QST testing. The intensity of low-back pain was recorded during 2 h. The areas under the ROC curves and 95% confidence intervals were determined, whereby responder status (≤30% pain reduction) was set as reference variable and changes in QST from baseline were set as classifiers.ResultsSignificant analgesic effect on low-back pain as well as anti-nociceptive effects for almost all QST parameters were observed. The QST with the highest area under the curve were heat pain detection threshold (0.65,95%-CI 0.46 to 0.83), single-stimulus electrical pain threshold (0.64,95%-CI 0.47 to 0.80) and pressure pain detection threshold (0.63,95%-CI 0.48 to 0.79).ConclusionsThe results suggest that anti-nociceptive effects assessed by QST fairly reflect clinical efficacy of oxycodone on low-back pain. Pressure pain detection threshold, heat pain detection threshold and single-stimulus electrical pain threshold may be more suitable to sort out potential non-responders rather than identifying potential responders to opioid medication. Future pre-clinical human research may consider these results when investigating the analgesic effect of opioid agonists by means of QST.

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Fedirko, V. O., I. G. Vasilyeva, N. G. Chopyck, O. I. Tsjubko, T. A. Makarova, and A. B. Dmitrenko. "Detection of herpes viruses in patients with classical trigeminal neuralgia." Fiziolohichnyĭ zhurnal 70, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fz70.01.037.

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A comparison of the presence frequency of herpes viruses HSV1/2, VZV, HHV-6, HHV-7, EBV, CMV was conducted in 430 patients with classical trigeminal neuralgia (TN) using RT PCR method. In the venous blood of patients with paroxysmal pain syndrome (TNP) and persistent background pain (TNB), herpes viruses were detected in 36.3% (97/267) and 80.4% (131/163) cases, respectively. The effectiveness of microvascular decompression and long-term outcomes were assessed depending on the presence of herpes viruses. Pain syndrome completely regressed in 404 out of 430 patients (93.9%), partially in 25 patients (5.8%), and persisted in 1 patient (0.2%). In TNB group, pain recurrence and partial regression were observed more frequently (20.2% (34/163) and 12.8% (21/163), respectively) if compared to TNP group (1.8% (5/267) and 1.5% (4/267), respectively). Complete pain regression in TNB group was less than in TNP group: 86.5% (141/163) and 98% (263/267), respectively. The presence of herpes viruses in patients with TN, a higher frequency of detection of herpes viruses, as well as a higher percentage of patients with recurrence of pain in TNB versus TNP group suggest a potential role of herpes viruses in the development of pain syndrome. Thus, studying herpes viruses in the blood could be recommended for improving the diagnostics and therapy of patients with classical TN.

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Lallukka, Tea, Minna Mänty, Cyrus Cooper, Maria Fleischmann, Anne Kouvonen, Karen E. Walker-Bone, Jenny A. Head, and Jaana I. Halonen. "Recurrent back pain during working life and exit from paid employment: a 28-year follow-up of the Whitehall II Study." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 11 (October 4, 2018): 786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-105202.

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ObjectivesTo examine the impact of recurrent, as compared with single, reports of back pain on exit from paid employment over decades of follow-up.MethodsThe study sample was from the British Whitehall II Study cohort (n=8665, 69% men, aged 35–55 at baseline), who had provided information about their reports of back pain between 1985 and 1994. Data about exit from paid employment (health-related and non-health related exit, unemployment and other exit) were collected between 1995 and 2013. Repeated measures logistic regression models were fitted to examine the associations, and adjust for covariates.ResultsRecurrent pain was reported by 18% of participants, while 26% reported pain on an occasion and 56% did not report pain. Report of back pain on an occasion was not associated with health-related job exit, whereas recurrent pain was associated with such an exit (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.99), when compared with those who did not report pain. These associations were somewhat stronger among middle-grade and lower-grade employees, while these associations were not seen among higher-grade employees. Differences in associations by age and psychosocial working conditions were small.ConclusionsThese results highlight the need for early detection of recurrent back pain to prevent exit out of paid employment for health reasons. As the risk varies by occupational grade, this emphasises the importance of identification of high-risk groups and finding ways to address their modifiable risk factors.

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Höper, Johanna, Lara Schraml, Janne Gierthmühlen, Stephanie M. Helfert, Stefanie Rehm, Susanne Härtig, Ove Schröder, et al. "Changes of Somatosensory Phenotype in the Course of Disease in Osteoarthritis Patients." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (April 29, 2020): 3085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093085.

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To investigate sensory changes, physical function (pF), quality of life (QoL) and pain intensity of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) in the natural course of disease, and patients undergoing total joint replacement therapy (TJR) 31 (20 females, mean age 64.6 ± 10.4 years), patients with OA were investigated with questionnaires and quantitative sensory testing (QST) in the area of referred pain at the thigh at baseline and follow-up 22–49 weeks later; changes were analyzed separately for patients with (n = 13) and without TJR (n = 18). In patients without TJR pain intensity, pF, QoL did not improve, and increased pain sensitivity to cold and a stronger loss of detection were observed. In patients after TJR, however, a reduction in mechanical pain sensitivity and allodynia occurred in accordance with a reduction of pain intensity and improvement of functionality while QoL did not improve. Additionally, an increased sensitivity to heat pain and a more pronounced loss of mechanical detection could be observed in this group. TJR seems to stop peripheral pain input leading to a reduction of pain intensity and central sensitization, but surgery-induced sensory changes such as peripheral sensitization and loss of detection occur. Furthermore, TJR has favorable effects on pain intensity and functionality but not QoL.

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Cahyani, Putu Mariska Abdi, Kristiyono Putro, and Anita Faradilla Rahim. "Education on Early Detection of Knee Pain At Dungus Madiun Regional Hospital." JATI EMAS (Jurnal Aplikasi Teknik dan Pengabdian Masyarakat) 7, no. 3 (October 19, 2023): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36339/je.v7i3.820.

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Dungus Regional General Hospital is one of the public hospitals in the city of Madiun. Many patients who visit hospitals, especially physiotherapy clinics, are elderly people who are experiencing degenerative processes. The degenerative process is a decrease in physical function, one of which is musculoskeletal, such as knee pain. There are still many elderly people who do not know the signs and symptoms of knee pain and the right time for treatment. Based on this, education was carried out regarding early detection of pain in the knee. Counseling was presented using PowerPoint media, holding a question-and-answer session, and educating the elderly to seek treatment immediately if they experienced knee pain. The education process is going well, people are starting to understand the signs and symptoms of knee pain. By providing outreach to the public, it is hoped that it can increase the expansion of public knowledge about the signs and symptoms of knee pain, risk factors and early detection of knee pain.

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Belasen, Abigail, Khizer Rizvi, Lucy E. Gee, Philip Yeung, Julia Prusik, Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora, Era Hanspal, et al. "Effect of low-frequency deep brain stimulation on sensory thresholds in Parkinson's disease." Journal of Neurosurgery 126, no. 2 (February 2017): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.2.jns152231.

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OBJECTIVE Chronic pain is a major distressing symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) that is often undertreated. Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) delivers high-frequency stimulation (HFS) to patients with PD and has been effective in pain relief in a subset of these patients. However, up to 74% of patients develop new pain concerns while receiving STN DBS. Here the authors explore whether altering the frequency of STN DBS changes pain perception as measured through quantitative sensory testing (QST). METHODS Using QST, the authors measured thermal and mechanical detection and pain thresholds in 19 patients undergoing DBS via HFS, low-frequency stimulation (LFS), and off conditions in a randomized order. Testing was performed in the region of the body with the most pain and in the lower back in patients without chronic pain. RESULTS In the patients with chronic pain, LFS significantly reduced heat detection thresholds as compared with thresholds following HFS (p = 0.029) and in the off state (p = 0.010). Moreover, LFS resulted in increased detection thresholds for mechanical pressure (p = 0.020) and vibration (p = 0.040) compared with these thresholds following HFS. Neither LFS nor HFS led to changes in other mechanical thresholds. In patients without chronic pain, LFS significantly increased mechanical pain thresholds in response to the 40-g pinprick compared with thresholds following HFS (p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Recent literature has suggested that STN LFS can be useful in treating nonmotor symptoms of PD. Here the authors demonstrated that LFS modulates thermal and mechanical detection to a greater extent than HFS. Low-frequency stimulation is an innovative means of modulating chronic pain in PD patients receiving STN DBS. The authors suggest that STN LFS may be a future option to consider when treating Parkinson's patients in whom pain remains the predominant complaint.

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Golzari, Kia, Youngsun Kong, Sarah A. Reed, and Hugo F. Posada-Quintero. "Sympathetic Arousal Detection in Horses Using Electrodermal Activity." Animals 13, no. 2 (January 7, 2023): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13020229.

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The continuous monitoring of stress, pain, and discomfort is key to providing a good quality of life for horses. The available tools based on observation are subjective and do not allow continuous monitoring. Given the link between emotions and sympathetic autonomic arousal, heart rate and heart rate variability are widely used for the non-invasive assessment of stress and pain in humans and horses. However, recent advances in pain and stress monitoring are increasingly using electrodermal activity (EDA), as it is a more sensitive and specific measure of sympathetic arousal than heart rate variability. In this study, for the first time, we have collected EDA signals from horses and tested the feasibility of the technique for the assessment of sympathetic arousal. Fifteen horses (six geldings, nine mares, aged 13.11 ± 5.4 years) underwent a long-lasting stimulus (Feeding test) and a short-lasting stimulus (umbrella Startle test) to elicit sympathetic arousal. The protocol was approved by the University of Connecticut. We found that EDA was sensitive to both stimuli. Our results show that EDA can capture sympathetic activation in horses and is a promising tool for non-invasive continuous monitoring of stress, pain, and discomfort in horses.

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Hwang, Hyesung G., Jihyun Suh, Jared Balbona, Shreya Sodhi, and Lori Markson. "The crude ostracism detection system: Pupils react to minimal cues of exclusion." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 37, no. 4 (December 11, 2019): 1225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407519891242.

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When people are rejected by others, they typically feel an immediate sense of pain—referred to as social pain. Social pain is hypothesized to be the alarm response of a “quick and crude” ostracism detection system, a system that is highly sensitive to even minimal signs of exclusion. Physiological reactivity has been found to accompany this social pain, but it is unclear whether the physiological mechanism underlying the ostracism detection system is also “quick and crude.” To test whether physiological reactivity to exclusion is “quick and crude,” the present study investigated whether pupil dilation (an index of physiological reactivity) differs when detecting exclusion from human entities versus nonhuman entities and when experiencing versus witnessing exclusion using a Cyberball paradigm. Experiment 1 showed that pupil size decreased less when viewing players who were exclusive than those who were inclusive, regardless of whether the players were human (i.e., undergraduate students) or nonhuman (i.e., computerized) entities. The same pupil reactivity pattern was observed in Experiment 2 after participants watched interactions in which another person was included or excluded by human or nonhuman entities. In Experiment 3, participating in real-life interactions with human players did not cause pupil reactivity to be greater to human players compared to nonhuman players, but pupil size again decreased less when viewing exclusive players compared to inclusive players. Across all three experiments, pupil size decreased less when viewing players who were exclusive than inclusive regardless of the social identity of the players. These findings support the idea of a highly sensitive, “quick and crude” physiological mechanism that underlies the ostracism detection system.

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Allchorne, Andrew J., Daniel C. Broom, and Clifford J. Woolf. "Detection of Cold Pain, Cold Allodynia and Cold Hyperalgesia in Freely Behaving Rats." Molecular Pain 1 (January 1, 2005): 1744–8069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1744-8069-1-36.

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Background: Pain is elicited by cold, and a major feature of many neuropathic pain states is that normally innocuous cool stimuli begin to produce pain (cold allodynia). To expand our understanding of cold induced pain states we have studied cold pain behaviors over a range of temperatures in several animal models of chronic pain. Results: We demonstrate that a Peltier-cooled cold plate with ± 1°C sensitivity enables quantitative measurement of a detection withdrawal response to cold stimuli in unrestrained rats. In naïve rats the threshold for eliciting cold pain behavior is 5°C. The withdrawal threshold for cold allodynia is 15°C in both the spared nerve injury and spinal nerve ligation models of neuropathic pain. Cold hyperalgesia is present in the spared nerve injury model animals, manifesting as a reduced latency of withdrawal response threshold at temperatures that elicit cold pain in naïve rats. We also show that following the peripheral inflammation produced by intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant, a hypersensitivity to cold occurs. Conclusion: The peltier-cooled provides an effective means of assaying cold sensitivity in unrestrained rats. Behavioral testing of cold allodynia, hyperalgesia and pain will greatly facilitate the study of the neurobiological mechanisms involved in cold/cool sensations and enable measurement of the efficacy of pharmacological treatments to reduce these symptoms.

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Neshov, Nikolay, and Agata Manolova. "Automatic Pain Detection in Video Sequences for Neuro-Rehabilitation." Materials Science Forum 856 (May 2016): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.856.213.

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Adaptive and interactive mental engagement combined with positive emotional state are requirements for an optimal outcome of the neuro-rehabilitation process for patients with brain damage usually caused by TBI (traumatic brain injury), stroke or brain disease such as cancer, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease. We propose a method for automatic pain recognition in video sequences using the landmarks data from Supervised Descent Method and applying Support Vector Machine (SVM) for data classification. This method is suitable for being part of assistive medical system for neuro-rehabilitation of patients with TBI. The experiments with a video dataset with patients with shoulder pain show very good recognition rate (95,7%) for recognizing the painful facial states of the subjects.

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Chen, Duo, Haihong Zhang, Perumpadappil Thomas Kavitha, Fong Ling Loy, Soon Huat Ng, Chuanchu Wang, Kok Soon Phua, Soon Yin Tjan, Su-Yin Yang, and Cuntai Guan. "Scalp EEG-Based Pain Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network." IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 30 (2022): 274–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2022.3147673.

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Hasan, Md Kamrul, Golam Mushih Tanimul Ahsan, Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed, Rechard Love, and Reza Salim. "Pain Level Detection From Facial Image Captured by Smartphone." Journal of Information Processing 24, no. 4 (2016): 598–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.2197/ipsjjip.24.598.

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Perkins, Kenneth A., James E. Grobe, Richard L. Stiller, Annette Scierka, Jennifer Goettler, William Reynolds, and J. Richard Jennings. "Effects of nicotine on thermal pain detection in humans." Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 2, no. 1 (February 1994): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1064-1297.2.1.95.

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Andal Virrey, Reneiro, Chandratilak De Silva Liyanage, Mohammad Iskandar bin Pg Hj Petra, and Pg Emeroylariffion Abas. "Visual data of facial expressions for automatic pain detection." Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation 61 (May 2019): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2019.03.023.

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Roy, Sourav Dey, Mrinal Kanti Bhowmik, Priya Saha, and Anjan Kumar Ghosh. "An Approach for Automatic Pain Detection through Facial Expression." Procedia Computer Science 84 (2016): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.04.072.

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Dammen, Toril, Øivind Ekeberg, Harald Arnesen, and Svein Friis. "The detection of panic disorder in chest pain patients." General Hospital Psychiatry 21, no. 5 (September 1999): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-8343(99)00037-7.

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Blanco, D. A., A. Diaz, and B. P. Guzman. "Ethical Considerations for Pain Detection in Non Communicative Patients." IEEE Latin America Transactions 14, no. 3 (March 2016): 1135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2016.7459590.

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Prkachin, Kenneth M., and Kenneth D. Craig. "Influencing non-verbal expressions of pain: Signal detection analyses." Pain 21, no. 4 (April 1985): 399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(85)90168-x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pain detection'

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