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Journal articles on the topic 'Pain aetiology'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Markos, A. R. "Genital pain of unknown aetiology." International Journal of STD & AIDS 13, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462021924901.

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2

Evers, J. L. H., and Somers H. Sturgis. "Aetiology of pain with endometriotic implants." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 12, sup2 (January 1992): S29—S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01443619209045609.

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3

Dowle, C. S. "BREAST PAIN: CLASSIFICATION, AETIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT." ANZ Journal of Surgery 57, no. 7 (July 1987): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.1987.tb01391.x.

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4

Chas, J., P. Mariot, M. Tassart, and G. Pialoux. "New aetiology of patellofemoral pain syndrome." Case Reports 2014, may23 1 (May 23, 2014): bcr2013200770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2013-200770.

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5

Farquhar, Cynthia, and Pallavi Latthe. "Chronic pelvic pain: Aetiology and therapy." Reviews in Gynaecological and Perinatal Practice 6, no. 3-4 (September 2006): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.02.004.

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6

Henriksson, Karl G. "Chronic muscular pain: aetiology and pathogenesis." Baillière's Clinical Rheumatology 8, no. 4 (November 1994): 703–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-3579(05)80044-5.

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7

Cheong, Ying, and R. William Stones. "Chronic pelvic pain: aetiology and therapy." Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 20, no. 5 (October 2006): 695–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2006.04.004.

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8

Goebel, Andreas, David Andersson, Zsuzsanna Helyes, J. David Clark, Debra Dulake, and Camilla Svensson. "The autoimmune aetiology of unexplained chronic pain." Autoimmunity Reviews 21, no. 3 (March 2022): 103015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2021.103015.

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9

BAKER, P. N., R. J. MADELEY, and E. M. SYMONDS. "Abdominal Pain of Unknown Aetiology in Pregnancy." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 45, no. 11 (November 1990): 751–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006254-199011000-00010.

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10

Baker, Alexander D. L., and John G. Burke. "Back Pain: background, aetiology, diagnosis and treatment." Foundation Years 4, no. 8 (December 2008): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpfou.2008.10.002.

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11

Woolf, Clifford J., and Richard J. Mannion. "Neuropathic pain: aetiology, symptoms, mechanisms, and management." Lancet 353, no. 9168 (June 1999): 1959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(99)01307-0.

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12

BAKER, P. N., R. J. MADELEY, and E. M. SYMONDS. "Abdominal pain of unknown aetiology in pregnancy." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 96, no. 6 (June 1989): 688–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1989.tb03283.x.

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13

Grewal, Sukhraj, Lydia MJ Harris, Sirisha Ponduri, Hywel Naish, Pamela Ellis, Jonathan R. Sandy, and Anthony J. Ireland. "Orthodontic pain." Orthodontic Update 13, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ortu.2020.13.2.50.

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Pain is a common side-effect of orthodontic treatment. The aetiology of orthodontic pain, pain pathways and pain management will be described. CPD/Clinical Relevance: An understanding of the cause and subsequent management of orthodontic pain is essential for any orthodontist in order to improve patient co-operation and satisfaction with treatment.
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14

GRONERT, G. A., J. MOTT, and J. LEE. "AETIOLOGY OF MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA." British Journal of Anaesthesia 60, no. 3 (February 1988): 253–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/60.3.253.

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15

Saggini, Raoul, Maurizio Migliorini, Simona Maria Carmignano, Emilio Ancona, Chiara Russo, and Rosa Grazia Bellomo. "Inferior heel pain in soccer players: a retrospective study with a proposal for guidelines of treatment." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 4, no. 1 (February 2018): e000085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000085.

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BackgroundThe cause of heel pain among soccer players is multifactorial and is related to repetitive microtrauma due to impact forces involving technical moves, but also the playground, the exercise mode, the recovery time, the climatic conditions and the footwear used.AimTo investigate the aetiology of plantar heel pain of soccer players with the objective of proposing an example of guidelines for treatment.MethodsWe investigated the prevalence and characteristics of inferior heel pain of 1473 professional, semiprofessional and amateur players. All evaluated subjects were submitted to a specific rehabilitation protocol that involved advanced physical therapies and viscoelastic insoles depending on the aetiology of pain.ResultsClinical and instrumental examinations revealed that 960 of 1473 athletes had inferior heel pain. These patients were divided into seven groups based on aetiology: sural nerve compression, abductor digiti minimi compression, atrophy and inflammation of the fat pad, plantar fasciitis, stress injury of the heel spur, stress fracture of the heel bone and heel spur. The proposed rehabilitation treatment aims for a reduction of pain and an early return to sports, with excellent results.ConclusionsAccording to what was observed in the present study, related also to the specific treatment of inferior heel pain, and considering the technological progress achieved in recent years, we can now propose an integrated therapeutic approach to treatment of heel pain, properly differentiated according to specific aetiology.
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16

Pruthi, Punit, Pramod Arora, Kunal Bahrani, and Manoj Mittal. "Complex regional pain syndrome with an unusual aetiology." Indian Journal of Rheumatology 13, no. 4 (2018): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/injr.injr_104_18.

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17

Gangar, K. F., Jane Siddall-Allum, B. A. Reid, and R. W. Beard. "The aetiology and medical treatment of pelvic pain." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 12, sup2 (January 1992): S46—S49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01443619209045613.

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18

Greenough, C. G., and R. D. Fraser. "Aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of low back pain." European Spine Journal 3, no. 1 (January 1994): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02428312.

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19

Williams, N. "Chronic Pain Epidemiology from Aetiology to Public Health." Occupational Medicine 61, no. 3 (April 27, 2011): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqr002.

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20

Mangwendeza, Addah. "Pain in venous leg ulceration: aetiology and management." British Journal of Nursing 11, no. 19 (October 2002): 1237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2002.11.19.10754.

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21

Oluwajana, Funmi, Pete Clarke, Emma Foster-Thomas, Martin James, and Charles Crawford. "Temporomandibular Disorders. Part 1: Anatomy, Aetiology, Diagnosis and Classification." Dental Update 49, no. 4 (April 2, 2022): 320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2022.49.4.320.

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Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are the most common causes of chronic pain in the orofacial region. The aetiology of TMD is complex owing to its multifactorial biopsychosocial nature. TMD shares many commonalities, and can be associated with, other chronic pain conditions. The physical and psychological impact of chronic pain on the individual can be far-reaching and should not be underestimated. This article, the first of a six-part series, aims to provide the reader with a background to TMDs as well as an overview of the clinical examination and diagnostic process for patients presenting with TMD-related pain. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should be aware of the signs and symptoms of TMD with which their patients might present and understand the complex nature of chronic pain conditions.
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22

Edwards, Helen, Matthew Mulvey, and Michael Bennett. "Cancer-Related Neuropathic Pain." Cancers 11, no. 3 (March 16, 2019): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11030373.

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Neuropathic pain in cancer is common and debilitating. It is important to differentiate neuropathic pain from other cancer-related pains as it is associated with worse pain outcomes and requires different treatment strategies. This review summarises recent updates to pain classification, aetiology, pain assessment and current recommendations for treatment in patients with cancer-related neuropathic pain.
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23

Filan, Susan L., and Timothy J. Herbert. "RECURRENT DORSAL WRIST GANGLION: AETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT." Hand Surgery 01, no. 01 (January 1996): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021881049600004x.

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Seven patients with symptomatic recurrent dorsal wrist ganglia were treated by excision of the origin of the ganglion from the scapholunate ligament combined with dorsal capsulorrhaphy. All patients presented with radial wrist pain associated with recurrent dorsal wrist ganglia. Examination revealed localised tenderness over the scapholunate joint with clinical signs of scaphoid instability in every case. Postoperatively, all patients reported pain relief and improved wrist function. There have been no recurrences, with an average follow-up of 14 months (range 12–22 months). Dorsal capsulorrhaphy appears to be a successful method of relieving symptoms, improving wrist function and preventing ganglion recurrence.
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24

Boes, CJ, MS Matharu, and PJ Goadsby. "Benign Cough Headache." Cephalalgia 22, no. 10 (December 2002): 772–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.2002.00439.x.

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Benign cough headache is an uncommon primary headache disorder marked by short- lasting attacks of pain triggered by coughing. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain is required to assure that the cough headache is truly benign. The aetiology of the pain is unclear, but is probably associated with the brief increased intracranial pressure that attends coughing. We have reviewed the clinical features, aetiology, differential diagnosis, management, and prognosis of benign cough headache.
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25

WOOD, D. A. "AETIOLOGY OF ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE." British Journal of Anaesthesia 61, no. 1 (July 1988): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/61.1.3.

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26

Horn, Ernst-Peter. "Postoperative shivering: aetiology and treatment." Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 12, no. 4 (August 1999): 449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001503-199908000-00010.

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27

Aslan, Sahin, Fatih Bilge, Bulent Aydinli, Tarik Ocak, Mustafa Uzkeser, Ali Fuat Erdem, and Yavuz Katirci. "Amitraz: an unusual aetiology of Ogilvie's syndrome." Human & Experimental Toxicology 24, no. 9 (September 2005): 481–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327105ht550cr.

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Amitraz is an insecticide/acaricide of formamidine pesticides used worldwide for ectoparasites in animals. Because of its widespread use, amitraz poisoning is frequently encountered in Turkey. Case report: A 36-year-old, comatose female was admitted to the hospital. Although it was stated that she had taken a glass of water containing amitraz, the exact volume of the substance was unknown. On admission, her Glasgow Coma Scale score was 10/15. Clinical findings were vomiting, miosis, bradycardia and hypotension. The patient's vital signs were body temperature 37.28C, pulse 54 bpm, blood pressure 80/50 mmHg and pulse-oximetry 84%. Supportive treatment consisting of oxygen, fluid replacement and gastric lavage, activated charcoal and atropine was administered. On the second day, signs of Ogilvie's syndrome characterized by severe tenderness, distension and pain in the abdomen were seen. On the third day, the patient's condition improved except for abdominal distension and pain, inability to pass faeces or flatus through the anus. Although continuous nasogastric tube decompression was performed, her complaints were not resolved completely. Neostigmine was administered on the fourth day. On the fifth day, abdominal pain and distension were decreased, and stool passage began. She had a complete clinical and laboratory improvement, which warranted her discharge on the seventh day of admission.
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28

Shipton, Edward A., and Elspeth E. Shipton. "Vitamin D and Pain: Vitamin D and Its Role in the Aetiology and Maintenance of Chronic Pain States and Associated Comorbidities." Pain Research and Treatment 2015 (April 19, 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/904967.

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The emergence of new data suggests that the benefits of Vitamin D extend beyond healthy bones. This paper looks at Vitamin D and its role in the aetiology and maintenance of chronic pain states and associated comorbidities. The interfaces between pain and Vitamin D and the mechanisms of action of Vitamin D on pain processes are explored. Finally the association between Vitamin D and pain comorbidities such as sleep and depression is investigated. The paper shows that Vitamin D exerts anatomic, hormonal, neurological, and immunological influences on pain manifestation, thereby playing a role in the aetiology and maintenance of chronic pain states and associated comorbidities. More research is necessary to determine whether Vitamin D is useful in the treatment of various pain conditions and whether or not the effect is limited to patients who are deficient in Vitamin D.
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29

Mondschein, Romy, Paul Manohar, Scott Donnellan, and Devanayagam Manohar. "Chronic Testicular Pain: A Review of Aetiology and Management." International Journal of Clinical Urology 4, no. 2 (2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20200402.17.

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30

Assomull, R. G., A. Gulati, C. F. Chan, N. Ismail, T. D. H. Brown, S. Raza, K. Guha, N. Bunce, and R. H. Mohiaddin. "Acute chest pain of cardiovascular aetiology: a diagnostic dilemma." QJM 106, no. 7 (November 10, 2011): 659–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcr219.

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31

Stephens, M. M., and G. Walker. "Heel pain: an overview of its aetiology and management." Foot and Ankle Surgery 3, no. 2 (January 1997): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9584.1997.00044.x.

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32

O'Rourke, Michael G. E., and Thomas R. O'Rourke. "Inguinal hernia: aetiology, diagnosis, post-repair pain and compensation." ANZ Journal of Surgery 82, no. 4 (April 25, 2011): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.2011.05755.x.

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33

Yordanov, Y., D. Pateron, and A. May. "An unusual aetiology of abdominal pain: the forgotten bullet." Case Reports 2014, dec15 1 (December 15, 2014): bcr2014208268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2014-208268.

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34

Rodríguez, Manuel J., and Antonio J. García. "A Registry of the Aetiology and Costs of Neuropathic Pain in Pain Clinics." Clinical Drug Investigation 27, no. 11 (2007): 771–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00044011-200727110-00004.

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35

Priebe, H. J. "Perioperative myocardial infarction—aetiology and prevention." British Journal of Anaesthesia 95, no. 1 (July 2005): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/aei063.

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36

Durieux, M. E. "Cerebral vasospasm: aetiology and pharmacological therapy." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 15, Supplement 17 (January 1998): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003643-199801001-00053.

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37

Oliva-Pascual-Vaca, Ángel, Carlos González-González, Jesús Oliva-Pascual-Vaca, Fernando Piña-Pozo, Alejandro Ferragut-Garcías, Juan Carlos Fernández-Domínguez, and Alberto Marcos Heredia-Rizo. "Visceral Origin: An Underestimated Source of Neck Pain. A Systematic Scoping Review." Diagnostics 9, no. 4 (November 12, 2019): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9040186.

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The diagnosis of neck pain is challenging. Many visceral disorders are known to cause it, and clinical practice guidelines recommend to rule them out during neck pain diagnosis. However, the absence of suspicion of any cause impedes one from establishing that specific aetiology as the final diagnosis. To investigate the degree of consideration given to visceral aetiology, a systematic search of trials about neck pain was carried out to evaluate their selection criteria. The search yielded 309 eligible articles, which were screened by two independent reviewers. The PEDro scale score was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. The following information was retrieved: number of authors affiliated to a clinical or non-clinical institution, number of citations in the Web of Science, study aims, characteristics of participants, and eligibility criteria. The top 15 most cited trials, and the 15 most recent studies about treatment efficacy in neck pain, published in first quartile journals of the Journal Citation Reports, were selected. Females represented 67.5% of participants. A single study was of poor methodological quality (4/10). Based on the eligibility criteria of the articles that were systematically reviewed, it would appear that visceral aetiology was not considered in eighty percent of the trials on neck pain, showing a low level of suspicion both in research and clinical settings.
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38

Abdul Rahman, ZA. "The Aetiology And Management Of ChronicIdiopathic Facial Pain: A Review." Annals of Dentistry 5, no. 1 (December 31, 1998): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/adum.vol5no1.8.

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39

Woods, Sam. "Osteoarthritis in brief. Part 1: aetiology, pathogenesis, pain and diagnosis." Companion Animal 21, no. 8 (August 2, 2016): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2016.21.8.442.

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40

West, N. X., A. Lussi, J. Seong, and E. Hellwig. "Dentin hypersensitivity: pain mechanisms and aetiology of exposed cervical dentin." Clinical Oral Investigations 17, S1 (December 9, 2012): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-012-0887-x.

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41

Dennie, Joëlle, and Sonia R. Grover. "Distressing perineal and vaginal pain in prepubescent girls: An aetiology." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 49, no. 2 (January 18, 2013): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.12085.

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42

Humphries, Anna, and Rebecca Pugh. "Assessment and management of chronic pelvic pain." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 6, no. 11 (October 23, 2013): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738013499740.

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Chronic pelvic pain is a very common symptom and a frequent reason for women to consult a GP. Aetiology and therefore appropriate management can be difficult to ascertain, particularly as the cause of pain is often multi-factorial. It is therefore essential that GPs can conduct a structured consultation, and know how to examine and investigate women presenting with chronic pelvic pain.
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43

Schellack, Natalie, Gustav Schellack, Nicolene Van der Sandt, and Bongiwe Masuku. "Gastric pain." South African Family Practice 57, no. 5 (September 1, 2015): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v57i5.4324.

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Gastric pain may be generalised, diffused, specific to the right or left upper quadrant (or both), and may be attributed to a range of possible causes. Types of gastric pain include dyspepsia and epigastric pain. The term “gastric pain” is not frequently encountered in the literature. Therefore, the main focus of this review is on epigastric pain and dyspepsia, both of which are frequently encountered in the clinical setting. For example, it is estimated that dyspepsia affects a quarter of the global population. Several drugs and drug classes are also linked to a range of mechanisms through which the drugs induce mucosal injury in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, this article provides an overview of the aetiology, classification, risk factors, diagnostic criteria and management strategies aimed at gastric pain, and its two more distinct gastrointestinal-related manifestations, namely epigastric pain and dyspepsia.
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44

Rourke, William, Shahid Aziz Anwer Khan, Kamran Ahmed, Shikohe Masood, Prokar Dasgupta, and Muhammad Shamim Khan. "Painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis: Aetiology, evaluation and management." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 86, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2014.2.126.

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Interstitial cystitis or bladder pain syndrome (BPS) is often a chronic debilitating condition characterised by predominantly storage symptoms and associated frequently with pelvic pain that varies with bladder filling. The aetiology is uncertain as the condition occurs in the absence of a urinary tract infection or other obvious pathology. Resulting discomfort may vary and ranges from abdominal tenderness to intense bladder spasms. Diagnosis and management of this syndrome may be difficult and is often made by its typical cystoscopic features. This review discusses the diagnosis and management of interstitial cystitis according to the current available best evidence and advises a multimodal approach in its management.
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45

Charisi, Christina, Anna Koutrouli, Athina Moschou, and Aristidis Arhakis. "Aetiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Ankyloglossia." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 21, no. 3 (November 27, 2017): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjdm-2017-0024.

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Summary This review paper occupies with the frequency, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and the possible complications of Ankyloglossia (AG). AG is a congenital anomaly and its range varies from 0,1% to 4,8 %. There are several methods for the diagnosis of AG. The most popular method is the ‘’Hazelbaker’’, which assesses seven different tongue movements and five appearance characteristics. As far as the management of AG is concerned, there are two options, the ‘’wait-and-see’’ and the invasive procedure. The operator can choose between the frenotomy and the frenectomy. The difference is that in frenectomy the clinician removes the whole frenulum. Few complications have been mentioned, such as ulcers, pain, bleeding and noticeable scar, which were brought on to a second operation.
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46

Chong, Yong-Yeow, and Beng-Yeong Ng. "Use of Antidepressants in the Treatment of Chronic Pain." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 38, no. 11 (November 15, 2009): 974–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v38n11p974.

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Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic and debilitating musculoskeletal pain disorder of unknown aetiology with usual accompanying features of fatigue, sleep disturbances and stiff- ness. Its place in medical textbooks was controversial with rheumatologists holding the helm of its management for many years. Over the last decade, abnormalities have been identified at multiple levels in the peripheral, central, and sympathetic nervous systems as well as the hypothalomo-pitutary-adrenal axis stress response system. With the elucidation of these pathways of pain, FMS is known more as a central sensitivity syndrome. This led to tremendous increment in interest in both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of FMS. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has also successively approved 3 drugs for the management of fibromyalgia – pregabalin, duloxetine and milnacipran. Non-pharmacological modalities showed aerobic exercise, patient education and cognitive behavioural therapy to be most effective. Overall, management of FMS requires a multi-disciplinary approach. Key words: Aetiology, Fibromyalgia-Fibromyositis Syndromes, History, Pain syndrome
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47

Chui, J. S. W., W. T. Poon, K. C. Chan, A. Y. W. Chan, and T. A. Buckley. "Nitrite-induced methaemoglobinaemia - aetiology, diagnosis and treatment." Anaesthesia 60, no. 5 (April 9, 2005): 496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.04076.x.

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48

Samuel, D., D. M. Thomas, P. A. Tierney, and K. S. Patel. "Atlanto-axial subluxation (Grisel's syndrome) following otolaryngological diseases and procedures." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 109, no. 10 (October 1995): 1005–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100131883.

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AbstractGrisel's syndrome is a rare condition of uncertain aetiology characterized by atlanto-axial subluxation following an infection in the head and neck region. The condition most frequently affects children and characteristically presents in the post-operative period with cervical pain and torticollis. We describe three cases and discuss the aetiology and pathogenesis. A high index of suspicion may lead to early diagnosis in its natural history thereby preventing potentially serious complications.
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49

Golanska, Paulina, Klara Saczuk, Monika Domarecka, Joanna Kuć, and Monika Lukomska-Szymanska. "Temporomandibular Myofascial Pain Syndrome—Aetiology and Biopsychosocial Modulation. A Narrative Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 7807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157807.

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This review elaborates on the aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of temporomandibular (TMD) myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) regulated by psychosocial factors. MPS impairs functioning in society due to the accompanying pain. Directed and self-directed biopsychosocial profile modulation may be beneficial in the treatment of MPS. Moreover, nutrition is also a considerable part of musculoskeletal system health. A fruit and vegetable diet contributes to a reduction in chronic pain intensity because of its anti-inflammatory influence. Cannabidiol (CBD) oils may also be used in the treatment as they reduce stress and anxiety. A promising alternative treatment may be craniosacral therapy which uses gentle fascia palpation techniques to decrease sympathetic arousal by regulating body rhythms and release fascial restrictions between the cranium and sacrum. MPS is affected by the combined action of the limbic, autonomic, endocrine, somatic, nociceptive, and immune systems. Therefore, the treatment of MPS should be deliberated holistically as it is a complex disorder.
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Lalovic, Nenad, Radovan Cvijanovic, Nikolina Dukic-Vladicic, Radmil Maric, Dragana Jokanovic, and Danijela Batinic-Skipina. "Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder: Case report." Medical review 64, no. 5-6 (2011): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1106323l.

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Abstract:
Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder is a benign, mostly asymptomatic condition of an unknown aetiology. Hyperplastic changes in the gallbladder wall cause an overgrowth of the mucosa, thickening of the muscular wall, and formation of intramural diverticula or sinus tracts termed Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses. Adenomyomatosis is divided on general, segmental and localized. Ultrasound examination, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance are used in diagnostic procedure. The importance of the disease lies in the fact that it can cause recurrent right upper quadrant pain so it must be concerned in resolving pain cause. This paper was aimed at explaining the aetiology of the disease, its clinical manifestation, making diagnosis and therapy in order to make its diagnosis and treatment possible.
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