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Journal articles on the topic 'PAIG'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Rakhmani, A. F., E. A. Mikhaylova, I. V. Galtseva, Yu O. Davidova, N. M. Kapranov, I. V. Dubinkin, S. M. Kulikov, et al. "Detection of platelet-associated immunoglobulins and complement system components in patients with aplastic anemia and hemoblastosis." Oncohematology 14, no. 3 (October 20, 2019): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1818-8346-2019-14-3-38-51.

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Background. In addition to anti-HLA-I and anti-HPA-antibodies and specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, another cause of immune refractoriness to donor's platelet transfusions could be a platelet-associated different classes immunoglobulins PAIg (G, M, A) and C3 / C4‑components of complement system (PAC3, PAC4). These markers can be detected by flow cytofluorometry of double-stained platelets. The fixation density of immunoglobulins and components of complement systems were measured by the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI).Objective: to study additional factors that aggravate the course of refractoriness to donor's platelet transfusions in patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and hemoblastosis.Materials and methods. 77 patients (AA – 47, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) – 10, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) – 20) admitted to National Research Centre for Hematology during 11.09.2016–04.28.2018 were enrolled in the study. M / f ratio was 33 / 44, median age was 36 yrs. (19–71 yrs.). Plasmapheresis and cross-matching for PRP selection were used for patients with refractoriness to donor's platelet transfusion. PAIg (G, M, A) and PAC3 / C4 detection and density (MFI) were evaluated in all patients by flow cytofluorometry of doublestained platelets (CD41a-PE; IgA, M, G-FITC; C3 / C4‑FITC) and MFI measurement. Patients with AA were investigated on different stages of therapy and if refractoriness to donor's platelet transfusion is developed. Blood donors (n = 28) MFI measurement results were established as negative control.Results. It was found that MFI PAIgG/M/А and PAC3/С4 was higher in all groups of the patients (АА, MDS, AML), as compared with donors. MFI of PAIgM and PAIgA in patients were significant higher than MFI of PAIgG and PAC3 / C4. Combination of PAIgM / A, PAIgM / C3 / C4 and PAIgA / C3 / C4 were more frequent. Multiple transfusions of PRP were associated with PAIgA and PAC3 detection. Development of refractoriness to donor's platelet transfusions was accompanied by alloantibodies (HLA-I, HPA) and PAIgM, PAC4 detection. In patients of AA group during development of refractoriness to donor's platelet transfusions and multiple infection complications the high density of PAIgM and PAIgA were identified. Relapse of AA was accompanied MFI of PAC3 density increment.Conclusion. In addition to application of a certain transfusion therapy algorithm it is also necessary to detect PAIg (G, M, A) and PAC3 / C4 for prediction of severe refractoriness to donor's platelet transfusions.
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Zouitene, Raouf, and Mohamed Brahimi. "Detection of anti-platelet antibodies by flow cytometry in patients with immunological thrombocytopenic purpura." Batna Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS) 8, no. 1 (June 4, 2021): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.48087/bjmsra.2021.8113.

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En raison de la non disponibilité d’un test biologique qui confirme le diagnostic du PTI « « purpura thrombopénique immunologique », ce dernier se pose par élimination de toutes les autres causes secondaires d’une thrombopénie. La cytomètrie en flux utilisant la fluorescence, a permis la détection des immunoglobulines associées aux membranes plaquettaires appelées PAIG (Platelet associated immunoglobulin). La recherche des PAIG représente une technique très prometteuse qui peut être appliquée pour le dépistage du PTI selon les nombreuses études réalisées dans ce sujet. D’autres versions modifiées de la recherche des PAIG ont permis une quantification des PAIG, en utilisant une calibration à base de microbilles fluorescentes ou des plaquettes témoins positives sensibilisées par des Ig de surface. L’utilisation des microbilles dans les études récentes a permis l’identification des glycoprotéines plaquettaires, cibles des autoanticorps, la technique est appelée FCIA (flow cytometry immunobead assay). Le but de cette revue de littérature est de rapporter les principes et les résultats de ces techniques. Mots Clés : Purpura Thrombopénique Immunologique ; cyrtométrie en flux ; anticorps.
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3

HAN, P., R. KIRUBA, and Y. C. HO. "Platelet-associated immunoproteins (PAIg): specificity of measurement." Clinical & Laboratory Haematology 12, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2257.1990.tb01110.x.

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4

Marzusch, K., J. Dietl, G. Mayer, and M. Schnaidt. "Plättchen-assoziierte Immunglobuline (PAIg) beim HELLP-Syndrom." Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 250, no. 1-4 (September 1991): 695–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02372894.

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5

Paul, S. R., N. A. Cusack, K. James, J. Ater, L. F. Odom, and J. Roloff. "THROMBOCYTOPENIA AND PLATELET ASSOCIATED IMMUNOGLOBULIN (PAIg) IN PATIENTS RECEIVING ACTINOMYCIN D. (AMD)." Pediatric Research 21, no. 4 (April 1987): 304A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-198704010-00822.

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6

Brighton, TA, S. Evans, PA Castaldi, CN Chesterman, and BH Chong. "Prospective evaluation of the clinical usefulness of an antigen- specific assay (MAIPA) in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and other immune thrombocytopenias." Blood 88, no. 1 (July 1, 1996): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v88.1.194.194.

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Abstract The diagnosis of idiopathic immune thrombocytopenia remains a clinical diagnosis based on the exclusion of other causes of immune and nonimmune thrombocytopenia. Measurement of platelet-associated Ig (PAIg), while sensitive, is nonspecific for the diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia. Published experience of antigen capture assays (including monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens or MAIPA) suggest a high sensitivity and specificity (70% to 80%) in selected groups of patients. In a prospective evaluation of 158 patients with thrombocytopenia from all causes, we report a sensitivity of 51% and specificity of 80% for direct MAIPA assays. MAIPA was considerably better in discriminating immune from nonimmune thrombocytopenia than two assays of PAIgG. Antiplatelet antibodies detected by MAIPA were more frequently directed against the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa than the GP Ib/IX complex. Our experience suggests that MAIPA assays are useful in the laboratory assessment of thrombocytopenia, should be performed before therapy, and that some patients with ‘nonimmune’ thrombocytopenia may have genuine antiplatelet antibodies.
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Brighton, TA, S. Evans, PA Castaldi, CN Chesterman, and BH Chong. "Prospective evaluation of the clinical usefulness of an antigen- specific assay (MAIPA) in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and other immune thrombocytopenias." Blood 88, no. 1 (July 1, 1996): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v88.1.194.bloodjournal881194.

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The diagnosis of idiopathic immune thrombocytopenia remains a clinical diagnosis based on the exclusion of other causes of immune and nonimmune thrombocytopenia. Measurement of platelet-associated Ig (PAIg), while sensitive, is nonspecific for the diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia. Published experience of antigen capture assays (including monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens or MAIPA) suggest a high sensitivity and specificity (70% to 80%) in selected groups of patients. In a prospective evaluation of 158 patients with thrombocytopenia from all causes, we report a sensitivity of 51% and specificity of 80% for direct MAIPA assays. MAIPA was considerably better in discriminating immune from nonimmune thrombocytopenia than two assays of PAIgG. Antiplatelet antibodies detected by MAIPA were more frequently directed against the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa than the GP Ib/IX complex. Our experience suggests that MAIPA assays are useful in the laboratory assessment of thrombocytopenia, should be performed before therapy, and that some patients with ‘nonimmune’ thrombocytopenia may have genuine antiplatelet antibodies.
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8

Grindem, CB, EB Breitschwerdt, PC Perkins, LD Cullins, TJ Thomas, and BC Hegarty. "Platelet-associated immunoglobulin (antiplatelet antibody) in canine Rocky Mountain spotted fever and ehrlichiosis." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 35, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/15473317-35-1-56.

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Antiplatelet antibodies were detected in the sera of dogs with naturally occurring and experimentally induced Rickettsia rickettsii and Ehrlichia canis infections. This is the first known report documenting elevated platelet-associated immunoglobulin (PAIg) titers in Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) infections. In the naturally occurring RMSF infections and ehrlichiosis, the antibodies persisted for weeks or months, even when the platelet counts had normalized. Results of this study indicate an immunological component for rickettsial thrombocytopenia. Therefore, current therapeutic recommendations, especially regarding avoiding the use of immunosuppressive drugs in patients with rickettsial diseases, need to be critically reviewed.
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Ebbs, Michelle L., Lisa Bartee, and Judith Bender. "H3 Lysine 9 Methylation Is Maintained on a Transcribed Inverted Repeat by Combined Action of SUVH6 and SUVH4 Methyltransferases." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 23 (December 1, 2005): 10507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.23.10507-10515.2005.

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ABSTRACT Transcribed inverted repeats are potent triggers for RNA interference and RNA-directed DNA methylation in plants through the production of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). For example, a transcribed inverted repeat of endogenous genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, PAI1-PAI4, guides methylation of itself as well as two unlinked duplicated PAI genes, PAI2 and PAI3. In previous work, we found that mutations in the SUVH4/KYP histone H3 lysine 9 (H3 K9) methyltransferase cause a loss of DNA methylation on PAI2 and PAI3, but not on the inverted repeat. Here we use chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis to show that the transcribed inverted repeat carries H3 K9 methylation, which is maintained even in an suvh4 mutant. PAI1-PAI4 H3 K9 methylation and DNA methylation are also maintained in an suvh6 mutant, which is defective for a gene closely related to SUVH4. However, both epigenetic modifications are reduced at this locus in an suvh4 suvh6 double mutant. In contrast, SUVH6 does not play a significant role in maintenance of H3 K9 or DNA methylation on PAI2, transposon sequences, or centromere repeat sequences. Thus, SUVH6 is preferentially active at a dsRNA source locus versus targets for RNA-directed chromatin modifications.
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Melquist, Stacey, Bradley Luff, and Judith Bender. "Arabidopsis PAI Gene Arrangements, Cytosine Methylation and Expression." Genetics 153, no. 1 (September 1, 1999): 401–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/153.1.401.

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Abstract Previous analysis of the PAI tryptophan biosynthetic gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that the Wassilewskija (WS) ecotype has four PAI genes at three unlinked sites: a tail-to-tail inverted repeat at one locus (PAI1-PAI4) plus singlet genes at two other loci (PAI2 and PAI3). The four WS PAI genes are densely cytosine methylated over their regions of DNA identity. In contrast, the Columbia (Col) ecotype has three singlet PAI genes at the analogous loci (PAI1, PAI2, and PAI3) and no cytosine methylation. To understand the mechanism of PAI gene duplication at the polymorphic PAI1 locus, and to investigate the relationship between PAI gene arrangement and PAI gene methylation, we analyzed 39 additional ecotypes of Arabidopsis. Six ecotypes had PAI arrangements similar to WS, with an inverted repeat and dense PAI methylation. All other ecotypes had PAI arrangements similar to Col, with no PAI methylation. The novel PAI-methylated ecotypes provide insights into the mechanisms underlying PAI gene duplication and methylation, as well as the relationship between methylation and gene expression.
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Defrin, Ruth, Heba Beshara, Tali Benromano, Kutaiba Hssien, Chaim G. Pick, and Miriam Kunz. "Pain Behavior of People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Coded with the New PAIC-15 and Validation of Its Arabic Translation." Brain Sciences 11, no. 10 (September 22, 2021): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11101254.

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Pain management necessitates assessment of pain; the gold standard being self-report. Among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), self-report may be limited and therefore indirect methods for pain assessment are required. A new, internationally agreed upon and user-friendly observational tool was recently published—the Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition (PAIC-15). The current study’s aims were: to test the use of the PAIC-15 in assessing pain among people with IDD and to translate the PAIC-15 into Arabic for dissemination among Arabic-speaking professionals. Pain behavior following experimental pressure stimuli was analyzed among 30 individuals with IDD and 15 typically developing controls (TDCs). Translation of the PAIC followed the forward–backward approach; and reliability between the two versions and between raters was calculated. Observational scores with the PAIC-15 exhibited a stimulus–response relationship with pressure stimulation. Those of the IDD group were greater than those of the TDC group. The overall agreement between the English and Arabic versions was high (ICC = 0.89); single items exhibited moderate to high agreement levels. Inter-rater reliability was high (ICC = 0.92). Both versions of the PAIC-15 are feasible and reliable tools to record pain behavior in individuals with IDD. Future studies using these tools in clinical settings are warranted.
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Opdam, Kim Theresia Maria, Justin van Loon, Ruben Zwiers, Petrus Paulus Franciscus Maria Kuijer, and Cornelis Niek van Dijk. "Corticosteroid Injections in Posterior Ankle Impingement Syndrome: A Survey of Professional and Elite Student Ballet Dancers." Journal of Dance Medicine & Science 25, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12678/1089-313x.031521d.

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Posterior ankle impingement syndrome (PAIS) involves pain at the posterior as- pect of the ankle, due in dancers largely to repetitive hyperplantarflexion. In daily practice, corticosteroid injection is often used to relieve the pain of PAIS, but little has been recorded with regard to its effectiveness. The primary objective of this study was to determine the ef- fect on pain of corticosteroid injections in professional and elite student ballet dancers with PAIS. The secondary ob- jectives were to evaluate the prevalence of PAIS, the duration of the effect of injection, patient satisfaction with the effect of injection, time to return to class and performance, and ability to dance after injection. All members of the Dutch National Ballet and the National Ballet Academy Amsterdam received a self-administered questionnaire focused on the use and effect of corticosteroid injections in the treatment of PAIS. The response rate was 61% (77 of 126). Of the included dancers, 38% (29 of 77) had suffered from PAIS, and 38% (11 of 29) had received at least one injection. The numeric rating scale (NRS) was used to assess the severity of pain before and 2 and 6 weeks after injections. The median NRS pain before injection was 9.0 (IQR 8.0-9.5), 3.0 (IQR 0.5-6.5) 2 weeks after injection, and 3.0 (IQR 0.5-6.0) 6 weeks after injection. Overall median NRS satisfaction with the effect of injection was 7.0 (IQR 0-10), and satisfaction with the duration of the effect was 5.0 (IQR 2.0-10). It is concluded that there is a high prevalence of PAIS in ballet dancers and corticosteroid injections are regularly used for pain reduction with good results.
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Zhao, Youfu, George W. Sundin, and Dongping Wang. "Construction and analysis of pathogenicity island deletion mutants of Erwinia amylovora." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 55, no. 4 (April 2009): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w08-147.

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An easy gene-knockout technique, PCR-based one-step inactivation of chromosomal genes, is widely used in Escherichia coli and related enterobacteria to construct mutants. In this study, we adapted this technique to construct genomic island and large operon deletion mutants of Erwinia amylovora , including the 33.4 kb hrp-type III secretion (T3SS) pathogenicity island (PAI1) and the 15.8 kb amylovoran biosynthesis (AMS) operon. Deletion of 2 novel T3SS pathogenicity islands (PAI2 and PAI3) and an operon encoding a type II secretion system (T2SS) demonstrated that these determinants are not involved in virulence in plants. Co-inoculation experiments demonstrated that the hrp-T3SS and AMS deletion mutants could complement each other. These results further confirmed that the one-step inactivation technique can be used to generate large deletions in E. amylovora.
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Lallukka, Tea, Minna Mänty, Cyrus Cooper, Maria Fleischmann, Anne Kouvonen, Karen E. Walker-Bone, Jenny A. Head, and Jaana I. Halonen. "Recurrent back pain during working life and exit from paid employment: a 28-year follow-up of the Whitehall II Study." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 11 (October 4, 2018): 786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-105202.

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ObjectivesTo examine the impact of recurrent, as compared with single, reports of back pain on exit from paid employment over decades of follow-up.MethodsThe study sample was from the British Whitehall II Study cohort (n=8665, 69% men, aged 35–55 at baseline), who had provided information about their reports of back pain between 1985 and 1994. Data about exit from paid employment (health-related and non-health related exit, unemployment and other exit) were collected between 1995 and 2013. Repeated measures logistic regression models were fitted to examine the associations, and adjust for covariates.ResultsRecurrent pain was reported by 18% of participants, while 26% reported pain on an occasion and 56% did not report pain. Report of back pain on an occasion was not associated with health-related job exit, whereas recurrent pain was associated with such an exit (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.99), when compared with those who did not report pain. These associations were somewhat stronger among middle-grade and lower-grade employees, while these associations were not seen among higher-grade employees. Differences in associations by age and psychosocial working conditions were small.ConclusionsThese results highlight the need for early detection of recurrent back pain to prevent exit out of paid employment for health reasons. As the risk varies by occupational grade, this emphasises the importance of identification of high-risk groups and finding ways to address their modifiable risk factors.
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Zhu, Tengjiao, Xing Xin, Bin Yang, Chen Liu, Bolong Kou, Zhongqiang Chen, and Ke Zhang. "Association Between Clinical Symptoms and Radiographic Features in Late-Stage Knee Osteoarthritis Using a New Radiographic Parameter." Pain Medicine 22, no. 7 (February 2, 2021): 1539–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnab029.

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Abstract Objective In this study, we proposed a new radiographic parameter, the plateau attrition index (PAI), and the PAI grades (PAIs) to explore the relationship between subchondral attrition of the tibial plateau and symptoms of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in patients with late-stage knee osteoarthritis. Method One hundred nineteen patients with late-stage knee osteoarthritis were enrolled. The Kellgren and Lawrence (K/L) grades and hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle were used to characterize the radiographic features of knee OA. The bone attrition of the tibial plateau was determined by the PAI and PAIs. The symptoms of knee OA were assessed by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), which is composed of the WOMAC pain (WOMP), WOMAC stiffness (WOMS), and WOMAC function (WOMF) subscores. WOMAC pain scores were divided into non-weight-bearing pain (NWBP) and weight-bearing pain (WBP) subcategories. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between the PAI, HKA angle, and WOMAC scores. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between the WOMAC score and the PAIs and K/L grades. Results The distribution of the WOMAC scores according to the PAIs was significant (P < .01). A positive correlation was identified between the PAI and the WOMAC, WOMP, WOMF and WBP scores (r = 0.29, 0.34, 0.26 and 0.34, P < .01, respectively). In addition, the PAIs was also significantly correlated with the WOMAC, WOMP, WOMF, and WBP scores (r = 0.37, 0.38, 0.35 and 0.44, P < .01, respectively). Conclusions The attrition of tibial subchondral bone determined by the new parameter, the plateau attrition index, was correlated with symptoms, especially weight-bearing pain in late-stage knee OA.
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Mbuli, Alex, Ambreen Chohan, Jessica Janssen, Olivia Greenhalgh, Lauren Haworth, Hannah Shore, Mairi Olivier, Hazel Roddam, Louise Anne Connell, and Jim Richards. "Assessment and Management of Pain, Alignment, Strength and Stability (PASS) in Patellofemoral Pain and Low Back Pain." Profese online 11, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/pol.2018.005.

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Hegde, U. M., S. Ball, A. Zuiable, and B. L. T. Roter. "Platelet associated immunoglobulins (PAIgG and PAIgM) in autoimmune thrombocytopenia." British Journal of Haematology 59, no. 2 (February 1985): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1985.tb02987.x.

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Davydov, Aleksey Trofimovich, Aleksandr Ivanovich Tyukavin, Mikhail Vladimirovich Rezvantsev, Vitaliy Vitalyevich Kononchuk, and Petr Dmitriyevich Shabanov. "Phantom pain, role and place of different methods of treatment of the phantom pain syndrome." Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 12, no. 1 (March 15, 2014): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rcf12135-58.

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The key questions of pathology of phantom pain, its clinic peculiarities, different methods of treatment of the phantom pain syndrome in general practice are described in the review from the modern points of view. The main attention is paid to surgical, drug and nondrug methods of therapy of the phantom pain syndrome with comparison of the clinical efficacy of the methods. Ref. 106.
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Novikov, A. Yu, A. R. Shaiakhmetov, and Yu O. Novikov. "The application of physical therapy and balneology of the patients with non-specific low back pain (literature review)." Russian Osteopathic Journal, no. 3 (September 18, 2020): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2020-3-130-136.

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This analytical review present of the literature on rehabilitation of patients with non-specific low back pain. The wide occurrence of pathology determines the relevance of the studied problem. Much attention is paid to the complex approach, taking into account the pathogenetic mechanisms, the type of pain — nociceptive, neuropathic, dysfunctional, mixed, its temporary characteristics (acute, chronic pain), the emotional and somatic status of patients, pain attitudes and pain behaviors. The article considers a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of patients with non-specific pain in the lower back using physical therapy modalities, balneology, medication and interventional treatment.
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Schiavenato, Martin, Meggan Butler-O’Hara, and Paul Scovanner. "Exploring the Association Between Pain Intensity and Facial Display in Term Newborns." Pain Research and Management 16, no. 1 (2011): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/873103.

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BACKGROUND: Facial expression is widely used to judge pain in neonates. However, little is known about the relationship between intensity of the painful stimulus and the nature of the expression in term neonates.OBJECTIVES: To describe differences in the movement of key facial areas between two groups of term neonates experiencing painful stimuli of different intensities.METHODS: Video recordings from two previous studies were used to select study subjects. Four term neonates undergoing circumcision without analgesia were compared with four similar male term neonates undergoing a routine heel stick. Facial movements were measured with a computer using a previously developed ‘point-pair’ system that focuses on movement in areas implicated in neonatal pain expression. Measurements were expressed in pixels, standardized to percentage of individual infant face width.RESULTS: Point pairs measuring eyebrow and eye movement were similar, as was the sum of change across the face (41.15 in the circumcision group versus 40.33 in the heel stick group). Point pair 4 (horizontal change of the mouth) was higher for the heel stick group at 9.09 versus 3.93 for the circumcision group, while point pair 5 (vertical change of the mouth) was higher for the circumcision group (23.32) than for the heel stick group (15.53).CONCLUSION: Little difference was noted in eye and eyebrow movement between pain intensities. The mouth opened wider (vertically) in neonates experiencing the higher pain stimulus. Qualitative differences in neonatal facial expression to pain intensity may exist, and the mouth may be an area in which to detect them. Further study of the generalizability of these findings is needed.
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Greimel, Felix, Günther Maderbacher, Clemens Baier, Timo Schwarz, Florian Zeman, Winfried Meissner, Joachim Grifka, and Achim Benditz. "Matched-Pair Analysis of Local Infiltration Analgesia in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Patient Satisfaction and Perioperative Pain Management in 846 Cases." Journal of Knee Surgery 32, no. 10 (October 6, 2018): 953–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1672156.

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AbstractIn the recent past, numerous studies evaluating local infiltration analgesia (LIA) with controversial results have been reported. Efforts have been made to improve patients' outcome regarding operation techniques and material, as well as pain management and anesthetic methods. In this study, postoperative pain management and patient satisfaction were evaluated in patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery with or without intraoperative LIA. Within the context of the “Quality Improvement in Postoperative Pain Management” (QUIPS) project, parameters were collected on the first postoperative day. All patients included in this study underwent primary knee replacement surgery with general anesthesia. Parameters were compared after performing a 1:1 matched-pair analysis within 14 orthopaedic departments. Pain levels and pain management satisfaction were measured using the numerous rating scales, and pain medication use was compared. From 2010 to 2015, 2,789 patients who underwent primary knee arthroplasty with general anesthesia were evaluated within the project, of whom a total of 846 patients could be compared after performing a matched-pair analysis. Pain scores were significantly better in the LIA group (p = 0.019 for activity pain, p = 0.043 for maximum pain, p < 0.001 for minimum pain), but pain management satisfaction was not superior (p = 0.083). Patients with LIA required less opioids in the recovery room (p = 0.048), while nonopioid medication did not differ significantly (p = 0.603). At the ward, 24 hours postoperatively, no significant difference in the use for nonopioids (p = 0.789) could be measured, whereas patients in the LIA group received significantly more opioids (p < 0.001). Although LIA achieved improvement in pain score outcome, and a comparable patient satisfaction level in the immediate postoperative course, the use of LIA in knee arthroplasty, controversially discussed in the current literature, was not able to reduce the need for opioid pain medication in this study.
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Aldington, D. J., H. J. McQuay, and R. A. Moore. "End-to-end military pain management." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1562 (January 27, 2011): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0214.

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The last three years have seen significant changes in the Defence Medical Services approach to trauma pain management. This article seeks to outline these changes that have occurred at every level of the casualty's journey along the chain of evacuation, from the point of injury to rehabilitation and either continued employment in the Services or to medical discharge. Particular attention is paid to the evidence for the interventions used for both acute pain and chronic pain management. Also highlighted are possible differences in pain management techniques between civilian and military casualties.
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Naumov, A. V., Yu V. Kotovskaya, V. I. Moroz, N. O. Khovasova, A. D. Meshkov, T. M. Manevich, and D. V. Demenok. "Joint pain treatment planning in osteoarthritis patients with chronic kidney disease." Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine, no. 1 (April 19, 2021): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37586/2686-8636-1-2021-82-87.

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Treatment of osteoarthritis, as the most common pathology of the musculoskeletal system, presents certain clinical difficulties in comorbid patients. The frequent combination of osteoarthritis (OA) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes mellitus type 2 and other cardiometabolic pathologies raises questions about the safety of pain relievers in the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Safe treatment for chronic pain syndrome implies an informed decision about the risks / benefits of using any analgesic intervention. Particular attention should be paid to the decision on the appointment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). An alternative strategy for the treatment of joint pain in patients with CKD may be the use of chondroitin sulfate prescription form. Particular attention should be paid to the possibility of using the parenteral form of the drug, which has reliable evidence, faster onset of the clinical effect of analgesia, with a potential protective effect on the structure of joint tissues.
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Rajgure, Arvindanand, Annasaheb Maske, and Ashok Deshmukh. "Radiofrequency Ablation of Genicular Nerves in Pain Management in Chronic Knee Pain." Indian Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia 4, no. 3 (part-2) (2017): 740–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijaa.2349.8471.4317.31.

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BAEK, Koun. "La pragmaticalisation de or paix du moyen francais - etude comparative entre or paix et faites paix." Études de Langue et Littérature Françaises 116 (December 15, 2018): 357–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18824/ellf.116.13.

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Koeshardiandi, Mirza. "Regenerative Pain Medicine, the New Era of Interventional Pain Management, Restart Now!" Journal of Anaesthesia and Pain 2, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jap.2021.002.02.01.

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Musculoskeletal conditions become the leading contributor of the total years lived disability (YLD) by causing 21.3% of the YLDs, after mental and behavioral problems. Several musculoskeletal conditions give a disproportional impact on low back pain, one of the leading causes of disability. Lateral epicondylitis with a prevalence of 1-2%, commonly suffered by adults in their 30-65 years old. Epicondylitis was also suffered by a small population of athletes, such as professional tennis players (10% of epicondylitis population). The severe repetitive injuries that affect the individual daily activity also increase the daily health care cost. Osteoarthritis and tendinopathy often become the cause of pain and musculoskeletal disability. However, the etiology of pain in osteoarthritis is multifactorial. The incidence of osteoarthritis reaches 6% in 30 years old population and increases due to aging. Degenerative disease, the reduction of function or structure of the tissue or organ due to aging, encourages the pain specialist to perform a reliable pain management/therapy. Prolotherapy, especially dextrose prolotherapy, has become a promising technique by providing a safe degenerative therapy, easy to performed, and highly available in health facilities. Nowadays, it is necessary to pay more attention to causative-based treatment strategies than symptom-based treatment. A multidisciplinary team is also needed to provide appropriate treatment.
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Ingula, N. I. "Clinical management of patients with vertebral lumbosacral radiculopathy. Description clinical cases." East European Journal of Neurology, no. 3(3) (December 20, 2015): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33444/2411-5797.2015.3(3).49-53.

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Lumbosacral radiculopathy one of the most difficult choices vertebrogenic pain syndromes characterized especially intense and prolonged pain, usually accompanied by a sharp restriction of mobility, and is the most common cause of disability. Most of the destruction of roots of spinal nerves caused by vertebral reasons the presence of a herniated disc, degenerative changes in the intervertebral joints, narrow spinal canal. This article describes a clinical case of practice management of patients with chronic vertebral lumbosacral radiculopathy. The main causes of pain in the lower back, the main approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pain. Special attention is paid to the differential diagnosis of chronic pain in his back and leg.
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Walker, Katherine A. "Pain and Surgery in England,circa1620–circa1740." Medical History 59, no. 2 (March 13, 2015): 255–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2015.2.

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AbstractThe scholarship on the discussion and role of pain in early modern English surgery is limited. Scholars have given little consideration to how surgeons described and comprehended pain in their patients’ bodies in early modern England, including how these understandings connected to notions of the humours, nerves and sex difference. This article focuses on the attention that surgeons paid to pain in their published and manuscript casebooks and manuals available in English,circa1620–circa1740. Pain was an important component of surgery in early modern England, influencing diagnosis, treatment and technique. Surgeons portrayed a complex and multi-dimensional understanding of their patients’ bodies in pain, which was further connected to their portrayals of their professional ability.
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Vats, Ashok, and Chandnani Anup S. "Psychosomatic Evaluation of Chronic Pain in Patients with Malignancy and Non Malignant Pain." Indian Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia 4, no. 2 (Part-2) (2017): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijaa.2349.8471.42(pt-ii)17.7.

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Rong, Li, Shi-Jie Lan, Ying Shao, Zhe Chen, and Duo Zhang. "A Case of Special Complication following a Large Amount of Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Injected into the Epicranial Aponeurosis: Leukocytopenia." Case Reports in Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/695359.

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Polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) has been used as an injectable filler for soft tissue augmentation of different body parts, such as the face, breasts, and penis. However, this is the first report of leukocytopenia after injection of a large amount of PAAG in the epicranial aponeurosis. After receiving PAAG injection for craniofacial contouring, the female patient described herein experienced recurrent swelling, temporal pain (particularly with changes in ambient temperature and facial expression), and ultimately leukocytopenia due to widespread migration of the injected PAAG. We removed most of the PAAG from the affected tissues and the leukocytopenia disappeared 1 year after the operation. Based on this case, we hypothesize that injection of a large amount of PAAG into tissues that have ample blood supply, such as the epicranial aponeurosis, may induce leukocytopenia.
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Gaur, Tarun K., and Tarun V. Shrivastava. "Barodontalgia: A Clinical Entity." Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 6, no. 1 (January 2012): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/johcd-6-1-18.

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ABSTRACT Barodontalgia is the oral pain caused by the changes in the pressure caused due to altitude changes either on deep sea diving or inflight conditions. Barodontalgia is one of the important clinical entities which present with such overlapping signs and symptoms, that in normal clinical setup the pain due to barodontalgia goes unnoticed. Also the literature available in textbooks is also less informative and revealing of the nature of pain caused due to barodontalgia. Hence this article focuses on those untouched aspects of barodontalgia which are to be paid attention.
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Popov, Alexander S. "Objectivization of Pain Sensitivity." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 5 (April 20, 2020): 4571–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr2020171.

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Rodríguez Sánchez-Laulhé, Pablo. "DESMITIFICANDO EL DOLOR DE ESPALDA." IUS ET SCIENTIA 5, no. 2 (2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/iestscientia.2019.i02.02.

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FULDE, P. "COOPER PAIR BREAKING." Modern Physics Letters B 24, no. 26 (October 20, 2010): 2601–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798491002519x.

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An overview is given of a number of pair-breaking interactions in superconductors. They have in common that they violate a symmetry of the pair state. In most cases pairs are formed from time reversed single-particle states, a noticeable exception being antiferromagnetic superconductors. When time reversibility is broken by an interaction acting on the electrons, the time evolution of the time-reversal operator plays an important role. Depending on whether it is nonergodic or ergodic, we deal with pair weakening or pair breaking. Numerous different interactions are analyzed and discussed. Unifying features of different pair-breaking cases are pointed out. Special attention is paid to the Zeeman effect and to scattering centers with low-energy excitations. The Kondo effect and crystalline field split rare-earth ions belong in that category. Modifications caused by strongly anisotropic pair states are pointed out. There is strong evidence that in some cases intra-atomic excitations lead to pair formation rather than pair breaking for which an explanation is provided.
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Castellote, Joan C., Enric Grau, Maria A. Linde, Nuria Pujol-Moix, and Miquel LI Rutllant. "Detection of both Type 1 and Type 2 Plasminogen Activator Inhibitors in Human Monocytes." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 63, no. 01 (1990): 067–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1645688.

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SummaryIncreasing evidence suggests the involvement of leukocytes in the fibrinolytic system. Monocytes secrete pro-urokinase (Grau, Thromb Res 1989; 53: 145) and it has been shown that these cells have specific receptors for urokinase and plasminogen (Miles, Thromb Haemostas 1987; 58: 936). The aim of this study was to analyse the presence of plasminogen activator inhibitor(s) in platelet-free suspensions of human peripheral blood monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). SDS-PAGE and reverse fibrin autography showed an inhibitory band of 50 kDa in the monocyte extracts (Triton X-100) but not in the PMN extracts. Urokinase (u-PA) was mixed with increasing amounts of monocyte extract for 10 min and the mixtures were added to 125Ifibrin coated wells containing plasminogen. A dose-dependent decrease in the u-PA fibrinolytic activity was observed. The amount of inhibition increased when the monocyte releasates were preincubated with u-PA (40% inhibition after 5 min preincubation and 80% after 15 min), indicating a direct interaction between this activator and an inhibitor(s). After SDS-PAGE of monocyte extracts, immunoblotting and peroxidase staining identified both PAI1 and PAI2, with an apparent molecular weight of 47-50 kDa. Monocyte-associated PAI1 formed complexes with single chain t-PA with a molecular mass 50 kDa higher than the molecular mass of the free PAI1. However, a significant amount of PAI remained unbound to t-PA. This inactive PAI1 could have come from a rapid inactivation of the primary active PAI1. These PAI1 and PAI2 detected in human monocytes may be transcendent in the regulation of the fibrinolytic system.
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McNarry, Gareth, Jacquelyn Allen-Collinson, and Adam B. Evans. "“You Always Wanna Be Sore, Because Then You Are Seeing Results”: Exploring Positive Pain in Competitive Swimming." Sociology of Sport Journal 37, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2019-0133.

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Pain has long been associated with sports participation, being analyzed variously as a physical phenomenon, as well as a sociocultural construct in sport sociological literature. In this article, the authors employ a sociological–phenomenological approach to generate novel insights into the underresearched domain of “lived” pain in competitive swimming. Analytic attention is paid to specific aspects of pain, including “discomfort” and “good pain,” and how these sensations can be positively experienced and understood by the swimmers, as well as forming an integral part of the everyday routines of competitive swimming. Here, training is seen as “work” in the pursuit of athletic improvement. Discomfort and good pain thus become perceived as by-products of training, providing swimmers with important embodied information on pace, energy levels, and other bodily indicators of performance.
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Vodo, Stella, Nicoletta Bechi, Anna Petroni, Carolina Muscoli, and Anna Maria Aloisi. "Testosterone-Induced Effects on Lipids and Inflammation." Mediators of Inflammation 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/183041.

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Chronic pain has to be considered in all respects a debilitating disease and 10–20% of the world's adult population is affected by this disease. In the most general terms, pain is symptomatic of some form of dysfunction and (often) the resulting inflammatory processes in the body. In the study of pain, great attention has been paid to the possible involvement of gonadal hormones, especially in recent years. In particular, testosterone, the main androgen, is thought to play a beneficial, protective role in the body. Other important elements to be related to pain, inflammation, and hormones are lipids, heterogenic molecules whose altered metabolism is often accompanied by the release of interleukins, and lipid-derived proinflammatory mediators. Here we report data on interactions often not considered in chronic pain mechanisms.
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Osako, Yoji, Reiko Nobuhara, Takahiro Okuda, Chiharu Hidaka, Young-Chang Arai, Makoto Nishihara, Larry Young, and Kazunari Yuri. "Chronic pain impairs pair-bond maintenance in monogamous rodents, prairie voles." IBRO Reports 6 (September 2019): S314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibror.2019.07.970.

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De Baets, L., T. Matheve, J. Traxler, JWS Vlaeyen, and A. Timmermans. "Pain-related beliefs are associated with arm function in persons with frozen shoulder." Shoulder & Elbow 12, no. 6 (May 5, 2020): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758573220921561.

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Background Frozen shoulder is a painful glenohumeral joint condition. Pain-related beliefs are recognized drivers of function in musculoskeletal conditions. This cross-sectional study investigates associations between pain-related beliefs and arm function in frozen shoulder. Methods Pain intensity, arm function (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH)), pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)), pain-related fear (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11)) and pain self-efficacy (Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ)) were administered in 85 persons with frozen shoulder. Correlation analyses assessed associations between pain-related beliefs and arm function. Regression analysis calculated the explained variance in arm function by pain-related beliefs. Results Pain-related fear, pain catastrophizing and pain self-efficacy were significantly associated with arm function (r = 0.51; r = 0.45 and r = −0.69, all p < .0001, respectively). Thirty-one percent of variance in arm function was explained by control variables, with pain intensity being the only significant one. After adding TSK-11, PCS and PSEQ scores to the model, 26% extra variance in arm function was explained, with significant contributions of pain intensity, pain-related fear and pain self-efficacy (R2 = 0.57). Conclusions Attention should be paid towards the negative effect of pain-related fear on outcomes in frozen shoulder and towards building one’s pain self-efficacy given its protective value in pain management.
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Díaz Romero, Paula. "Dolor físico, atención y esquema corporal: consideraciones fenomenológicas sobre la naturaleza del dolor." Thémata Revista de Filosofía, no. 54 (2016): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/themata.2016.i54.09.

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Jiang, Xiaoyan, Yi Yuan, Yu Ma, Miao Zhong, Chenzhen Du, Johnson Boey, David G. Armstrong, Wuquan Deng, and Xiaodong Duan. "Pain Management in People with Diabetes-Related Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia." Journal of Diabetes Research 2021 (May 8, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6699292.

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Management of neuropathic pain in people with diabetes has been widely investigated. However, little attention was paid to address ischemic-related pain in patients with diabetes mellitus who suffered from chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), the end stage of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). Pain management has a tremendous influence on patients’ quality of life and prognosis. Poor management of this type of pain owing to the lack of full understanding undermines patients’ physical and mental quality of life, which often results in a grim prognosis, such as depression, myocardial infarction, lower limb amputation, and even mortality. In the present article, we review the current strategy in the pain management of diabetes-related CLTI. The endovascular therapy, pharmacological therapies, and other optional methods could be selected following comprehensive assessments to mitigate ischemic-related pain, in line with our current clinical practice. It is very important for clinicians and patients to strengthen the understanding and build intervention strategy in ischemic pain management and possible adverse consequence.
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Van der Meulen, C., L. Van de Stadt, F. Kroon, M. Kortekaas, A. Boonen, S. Böhringer, M. Niesters, et al. "POS0123 NEUROPATHIC PAIN SYMPTOMS IN INFLAMMATORY HAND OSTEOARTHRITIS(OA) LOWERS HEALTH RELATED PHYSICAL QUALITY OF LIFE AND MAY REQUIRE ANOTHER APPROACH THAN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY TREATMENT." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 273.2–273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.692.

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Background:Pain is a common, difficult to manage symptom in hand osteoarthritis (OA). Multiple pain mechanisms may play a role in hand OA.Objectives:To investigate presence of neuropathic pain symptoms in patients with inflammatory hand OA, characteristics of those patients, their impact on health related quality of life (HR-QoL), and the influence of anti-inflammatory treatment on neuropathic pain symptoms.Methods:Data from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of prednisolone including 92 patients with hand OA fulfilling ACR criteria were used. At baseline patients had signs of synovial inflammation, a VAS finger pain of ≥30 mm and who flared ≥20 mm upon NSAID washout. The primary endpoint was VAS finger pain (0-100) at week 6.Neuropathic pain symptoms were measured at baseline and week 6 using the validated painDETECT questionnaire, consisting of questions on pain quality, pain intensity over time and radiating pain. Scores range -1 to 38 and patients are classified as having unlikely (<13), indeterminate (13-18) and likely (>18) neuropathic pain. HR-QoL was measured with physical component scale (PCS) of Short-Form 36 (SF36; 0-100), comorbidities with the Self-administered Comorbidities Questionnaire (SCQ; 0-45), radiographic severity with Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) sum score (0-120), and treatment response with OMERACT-OARSI responder criteria.Association of patient characteristics with neuropathic pain symptoms was analysed with univariate and multivariate ordinal logistic regression, with painDETECT as dependent variable. Association of neuropathic pain symptoms with HR-QoL was analysed with multivariate linear regression, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, VAS finger pain, SCQ score and KL sum score, with PCS as dependent variable. Response of neuropathic pain symptoms and VAS pain to prednisolone was analysed with generalised estimating equations. Association of neuropathic pain symptoms at baseline with response to treatment was analysed using χ2-tests and GEE.Results:91 patients had complete painDETECT data at baseline (mean painDETECT score 12.8 [SD 5.9]). Scores were <13 in 53%, 13-18 in 31% and >18 in 16%. Higher painDETECT score categories were associated with less radiographic damage, more comorbidities, female sex and higher VAS finger pain in multivariate analysis. (table 1)Table 1.Ordinal logistic regression with painDETECT categories as dependent variableVariablesMean (SD) N=91 (100%)Odds ratio (95% CI)Age64 (9)0.96 (0.90 to 1.02)Female sex; N (%)72 (79%)3.84 (1.19 to 12.39)*BMI; median (SD)27 (24 to 29)0.97 (0.89 to 1.06)SCQ score; median (SD)2 (1 to 5)1.04 (1.04 to 1.36)*VAS finger pain53.8 (2.1)1.02 (1.00 to 1.04)*KL sum score37 (16)0.96 (0.93 to 1.00)**p<0.05. BMI = body mass index. SCQ = Self-administered comorbidities questionnaire. VAS = visual analog scale. KL= Kellgren-Lawrence.Patients with painDETECT scores >18 had a lower HR-QoL (PCS -6.5 [95%CI -10.4 to -2.6]) than those with painDETECT scores <13.PainDETECT scores remained unchanged throughout the trial in both prednisolone-treated and placebo-treated patients, and there was no between-group difference at week 6. VAS pain improved more in the prednisolone group than in the placebo group (mean between-group difference -16.5 [95%CI -26.1 to -6.9]) (figure 1). No association between the presence of neuropathic pain symptoms at baseline and OMERACT-OARSI response to treatment was found.Conclusion:Patients with inflammatory hand OA and additional neuropathic pain symptoms are more often female and have more comorbidities, and report a lower QoL, than those without. Neuropathic pain symptoms seem unresponsive to anti-inflammatory therapy. Clinicians should be aware of neuropathic pain symptoms in their patients as they might benefit from additional, specific treatment.Acknowledgements:The authors thank all patients for their participation in the HOPE study, and participating rheumatologists for inclusion of patients in the HOPE study. We also thank research nurses B.A.M.J. van Schie-Geyer and S. Wongsodihardjo, and technicians J.C. Kwekkeboom and E.I.H. van der Voort, for their contributions.Disclosure of Interests:Coen van der Meulen: None declared, Lotte van de Stadt: None declared, Féline Kroon: None declared, Marion Kortekaas: None declared, Annelies Boonen Speakers bureau: Lecture for UCB; paid to department., Consultant of: Yes. Advisory board meetings at Galapagos, Eli Lilly and Abvvie; paid to department., Grant/research support from: Yes. Grants by Celgene and Abbvie; paid to department., Stefan Böhringer: None declared, Marieke Niesters: None declared, Monique Reijnierse: None declared, Frits Rosendaal: None declared, Naghmeh Riyazi: None declared, M. Starmans: None declared, Franktien Turkstra: None declared, Jende van Zeben: None declared, Cornelia Allaart: None declared, Margreet Kloppenburg Consultant of: For Abbvie, Pfizer, Levicept, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck-Serono, Kiniksa, Flexìon, Galapagos, Jansen, CHDR and local investigator of industry-driven trial (Abbvie). All fees were paid to the institution., Grant/research support from: Grant by the Dutch Arthritis Society
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Landa, L. " Pain in domestic animals and how to assess it: a review." Veterinární Medicína 57, No. 4 (May 18, 2012): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5915-vetmed.

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&nbsp;In recent years more attention has been paid to the issue of pain in animals, particularly in association with increasing awareness of animal welfare. It is therefore necessary for veterinarians to be able recognise unambiguously whether an animal suffers from pain. Adult humans suffering from pain can more or less characterise their painful experiences, including the site and intensity of the pain. However, pain in animals is in some aspects more complex and it can be rather difficult to evaluate the seriousness and impact of painful events. Therefore, in animals we have to recognise the signs of pain according to indirect markers which involve behavioural, physiological and finally clinical responses. Moreover, in particular the behavioural changes associated with pain can be along with the general signs also species-specific, and hardly recognisable (and for an inexperienced observer seemingly unimportant) which makes pain assessment even more complicated. Therefore, the current review formulates definitions of pain, its classification and is focused on methods that may facilitate pain recognition in animals, which is crucial for an effective pain assessment and consequent effective pain management. The review combines recent knowledge with well proven facts concerning pain and furthermore also highlights the author&rsquo;s own research on pain assessment. &nbsp; &nbsp;
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Adnan, Muhammad, Babar Ali, Muhammad Mohsin Sajjad, Ali Rahman, Omair Rafiq Qurashi, and Haider Darain. "EFFECTIVENESS OF TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION AND INTERFERENTIAL CURRENT IN PATIENTS WITH NON-SPECIFIC CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN." Journal of Medical Sciences 28, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52764/jms.20.28.4.7.

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ABSTRACT: Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Interferential Current (IF) in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain. Material and Methods: This quasi experimental study was performed in Khyber Teaching Hospital and Khyber Medical University Peshawar from August 2015 to January 2016. All patients were assessed before and after TENS and IF therapy using Visual Analogue Scale 0-10 (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Thirty patients were divided into two groups. TENS (group I) & IF (group II). In group I, patients received 10 minutes session with heat therapy (hot pack) and 20 minutes session with TENS. In group II, the patients received 10 minutes session with heat therapy (hot pack) and 20 minutes session with IF current. Results: Mean age of participants was 34.85±4.80 and 33.50±5.20 years in group I and group II. The mean of pain before treatment in group I was 6.47±.29 and that of group II was 5.60±.33 in which the minimum pain on VAS was 4 and maximum pain was 8. A pair T test was done to identify the difference between pre and post treatment score on VAS in the intervention. The p values shows .000 which is less than .05 indicate that there is significant difference present between pre and post treatment pain on VAS. The pair T test for disability percentage on ODI was done to identify the difference between pre and post treatment in the interventions. The p value was less than .05 which shows that there is significant difference and reduction of disability percentage on ODI. Conclusion: The study concluded that both the treatment methods TENS and IF are effective in decreasing pain intensity and disability in low back pain patients.
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Zeng, Zi, Yan-Xia Duan, and Guo-Min Song. "Non-pharmaceutical intervention and pain management situation for neonatal analgesia." Frontiers of Nursing 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fon-2020-0039.

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Abstract Neonatal pain management is an important issue which should have great attention. More and more researches have proved that neonates can feel pain when undergoes painful procedures such as vaccination, heel stick, and so on, and it will result in short-term and long-term outcomes. So it is very important to manage neonatal pain. This article summarized some non-pharmaceutical interventions, including sucrose or glucose, non-nutritional sucking (NNS), breastfeeding, facilitated tucking (FT), kangaroo mother care (KMC), swaddling, heel warming, sensorial saturation (SS), and music therapy, which showed obvious effects for neonatal pain. In addition, this article summarized the progress of neonatal pain intervention in various countries and showed that many countries have not paid enough attention to this problem, while some countries have carried out promotion programs for neonatal pain management which give some clinical enlightenment to our country that we need to pay more attention to this problem.
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Qiao, Li, Mengjie Guo, Jinjun Qian, Bin Xu, Chunyan Gu, and Ye Yang. "Research Advances on Acupuncture Analgesia." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 48, no. 02 (January 2020): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x20500135.

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Pain is a widespread and complex symptom which causes serious emotional and social burdens to individuals and society. Most patients with pain rely heavily on over the counter (OTC) and prescription pain killers. However, there would be a number of issues that arise from the use of pain killers, in which safety and addiction are the most critical issues. For traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), pain is a result of the meridians being blocked. This could occur as a symptom of or be caused by various diseases. In this case, the key to relieve pain depends on dredging the meridian or meridians. Acupuncture has been practiced in China for over 2000 years to lessen pain. It is based on the “meridian theory”. Acupuncture is being used more widely and with a growing number of people in the treatment of pain because it is safer and has fewer side effects. Along with growing use and interest in acupuncture to treat pain, more attention has been paid to the mechanism underlying its analgesic effect, which is mainly associated with the changes of neurotransmitters. In this review, we summarize and analyze the range and mechanism of acupuncture analgesia treatment.
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Azwar, Sri Rahmaddona, and Agustina Agustina. "INTERJEKSI DALAM TALKSHOW “PAGI-PAGI PASTI HAPPY” DI TRANS TV." Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 7, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/81071410.

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The purpose of this study was to describe the forms of interjection, types of interjection and functions of interjection in the “Pagi-Pagi Pasti Happy” (PPPH) talkshow on Trans TV. This type of research was a qualitative study using descriptive methods by explaining the meaning behind the presenter's speeches related to interjection. The results of this study were firstly, the form of interjection in PPPH consists of two forms of interjection, namely the basic form and the derivative form. Types of interjection in PPPH program on Trans TV consists of three types of interjection, i.e. a attitude, positive, and neutral attitude Third, the function of the interjection found consists of eight functions, namely as exclamation, wonder, pain, sadness, disappointment, admiration, relief, and disgust.Keywords: form, type, function of interjection, pragmatics, Pagi-Pagi Pasti Happy
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Merskey, Harold, and Robert W. Teasell. "The Disparagement of Pain: Social Influences on Medical Thinking." Pain Research and Management 5, no. 4 (2000): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/565309.

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Patients with pain often feel that their suffering is taken lightly, dismissed or denied. Before the introduction of anesthesia, pain was regarded as an awful affliction. This view diminished somewhat once anesthesia became available, although it still holds true for some forms of pain, eg, pain associated with terminal cancer. Pain was then treated as less troublesome when it became a reason for disability compensation to be paid. Examples are given of the disparagement of complaints by individuals reporting pain in the past 150 years. Factors that encourage doctors to underestimate patients' pain include the requirement for doctors to control the issue of narcotics; circumstances in which patients may benefit from compensation by claiming that their pain is great; and the development of attitudes that understate the importance of the relief of pain and overstate the importance of activity, exercise and not complaining. Current attitudes in this respect are associated with the insurance industry, but it has been shown that, even patients who do not have a compensable injury or have pain that is not disabling fail to receive the treatment for pain that is appropriate, eg, postoperatively. The present paper reviews and discusses these problems and suggests that disparagement of pain and disability in the medicolegal field also leads to the rejection of pain in other contexts.
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Jaiswal, Tarun, and Sushma Jaiswal. "Deep Learning Based Pain Treatment." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-4 (June 30, 2019): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23639.

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Kowa, Hisanori, Hiroshi Takigawa, and Kenji Nakashima. "Cortical spreading depression and pain: A missing link in the pathophysiology of migraine?" Rinsho Shinkeigaku 54, no. 12 (2014): 1006–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5692/clinicalneurol.54.1006.

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