Journal articles on the topic 'Paediatric, exercise, training, maturity'
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Pieles, G. E., R. Horn, C. A. Williams, and A. G. Stuart. "Paediatric exercise training in prevention and treatment." Archives of Disease in Childhood 99, no. 4 (December 18, 2013): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2013-303826.
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McNarry, Melitta A., Joanne R. Welsman, and Andrew M. Jones. "The influence of training and maturity status on girls’ responses to short-term, high-intensity upper- and lower-body exercise." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 36, no. 3 (June 2011): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h11-019.
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A maturational threshold has been suggested to be present in young peoples’ responses to exercise, with significant influences of training status evidenced only above this threshold. The presence of such a threshold has not been investigated for short-term, high-intensity exercise. To address this, we investigated the relationship between swim-training status and maturity on the power output, pulmonary gas exchange, and metabolic responses to an upper- and lower-body Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). Girls at 3 stages of maturity participated:, prepubertal (Pre: 8 trained (T), 10 untrained (UT)), pubertal (Pub: 9 T, 15 UT), and postpubertal (Post: 8 T, 10 UT). At all maturity stages, T exhibited higher peak power (PP) and mean power (MP) during upper-body exercise (PP: Pre, T, 163 ± 20 vs. UT, 124 ± 29; Pub, T, 230 ± 42 vs. UT, 173 ± 41; Post, T, 245 ± 41 vs. UT, 190 ± 40 W; MP: Pre, T, 130 ± 23 vs. UT, 85 ± 26; Pub, T, 184 ± 37 vs. UT, 123 ± 38; Post, T, 200 ± 30 vs. UT, 150 ± 15 W; all p < 0.05) but not lower-body exercise, whilst the fatigue index was significantly lower in T for both exercise modalities. Irrespective of maturity, the oxidative contribution, calculated by the area under the oxygen uptake response profile, was not influenced by training status. No interaction was evident between training status and maturity, with similar magnitudes of difference between T and UT at all 3 maturity stages. These results suggest that there is no maturational threshold which must be surpassed for significant influences of training status to be manifest in the “anaerobic” exercise performance of young girls.
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Tolfrey, Keith, Ian Gordon Campbell, and Alan Mark Batterham. "Aerobic Trainability of Prepubertal Boys and Girls." Pediatric Exercise Science 10, no. 3 (August 1998): 248–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.10.3.248.
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This study examined the effect of exercise training on peak VO2 of 26 (12 boys and 14 girls) prepubertal children. Exercise training involved 12 weeks of stationary cycling for 30 min, 3 times · week−1 at 79.3 ± 1.2% (M ± SD) peak heart rate. Nineteen maturity matched controls (10 boys and 9 girls) completed all tests excluding the training. When alterations in habitual physical activity and percent body fat were included as covariates in the analyses, the exercise training did not have a significant effect on peak VO2 for boys or girls. These data may either indicate a maturity related, blunted training response or that prepubertal children require a more intense exercise stimulus.
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Cui, Jia-Wen, Yi Hong, Yu-Min Kuo, Shao-Hong Yu, Xu-Bo Wu, Zhen-Yang Cui, and Shin-Da Lee. "Voluntary exercise training attenuated the middle-aged maturity-induced cardiac apoptosis." Life Sciences 259 (October 2020): 118187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118187.
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McNarry, Melitta A., Joanne R. Welsman, and Andrew M. Jones. "Influence of Training Status and Maturity on Pulmonary O2 Uptake Recovery Kinetics Following Cycle and Upper Body Exercise in Girls." Pediatric Exercise Science 24, no. 2 (May 2012): 246–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.24.2.246.
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The influence of training status on pulmonary VO2 recovery kinetics, and its interaction with maturity, has not been investigated in young girls. Sixteen prepubertal (Pre: trained (T, 11.4 ± 0.7 years), 8 untrained (UT, 11.5 ± 0.6 years)) and 8 pubertal (Pub: 8T, 14.2 ± 0.7 years; 8 UT, 14.5 ± 1.3 years) girls completed repeat transitions from heavy intensity exercise to a baseline of unloaded exercise, on both an upper and lower body ergometer. The VO2 recovery time constant was significantly shorter in the trained prepubertal and pubertal girls during both cycle (Pre: T, 26 ± 4 vs. UT, 32 ± 6; Pub: T, 28 ± 2 vs. UT, 35 ± 7 s; both p < .05) and upper body exercise (Pre: T, 26 ± 4 vs. UT, 35 ± 6; Pub: T, 30 ± 4 vs. UT, 42 ± 3 s; both p < .05). No interaction was evident between training status and maturity. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of VO2 recovery kinetics to training in young girls and challenge the notion of a “maturational threshold” in the influence of training status on the physiological responses to exercise and recovery.
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Arede, Jorge, Tomás T. Freitas, David Johnson, John F. T. Fernandes, Sean Williams, Jason Moran, and Nuno Leite. "Training Load, Maturity Timing and Future National Team Selection in National Youth Basketball Players." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 7, no. 1 (February 11, 2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk7010021.
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Despite its importance to the management of training stress, monotony and recovery from exercise, training load has not been quantified during periods of intensity training in youths. This study aimed to (1) examine and quantify the training load (TL) in youth national team basketball players during a 2-week training camp according to maturity timing and (2) determine which parameters were related to under-18 (U18) national team selection. Twenty-nine U-16 national team basketball players underwent an anthropometric assessment to determine maturity timing. Players were categorised by maturity timing (early vs. average), whilst TL parameters during a 2-week training camp (i.e., 21 sessions) prior to FIBA U16 European Championship were used for group comparison and to predict future U-18 national team selection. The early-maturing players, who were taller and heavier (p < 0.05), experienced greater training strain in week 1 (p < 0.05) only. Irrespective of maturity timing, training loads in week 2 were predictive of onward selection for the U-18 national team. Conclusion: Based on present findings, practitioners are encouraged to develop their athletes’ ability to tolerate high weekly loads, but also to be mindful that athletes’ perceived exertion during national team training may be influenced by maturity timing.
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Curran, Tracy, Naomi Gauthier, Susan M. Duty, and Rachele Pojednic. "Identifying elements for a comprehensive paediatric cardiac rehabilitation programme." Cardiology in the Young 30, no. 10 (August 11, 2020): 1473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951120002346.
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AbstractIntroduction:The aim of this study was to identify relevant content among four important domains for the development and structure of a paediatric cardiac rehabilitation curriculum for young patients with congenital heart disease using a consensus approach.Methods:A three-round e-Delphi study among congenital heart disease and paediatric exercise physiology experts was conducted. Round 1, experts provided opinions in a closed- and open-ended electronic questionnaire to identify specific elements necessary for inclusion in a paediatric cardiac rehabilitation programme. Round 2, experts were asked to re-rate the same items after feedback and summary data were provided from round 1. Round 3, the same experts were asked to re-rate items that did not reach consensus from round 2.Results:Forty-seven experts were contacted via e-mail to participate on the Delphi panel, 37 consented, 35 completed round 1, 29 completed round 2, and 28 completed the final round. After round 2, consensus was reached in 55 of 60 (92%) questionnaire items across four domains: exercise training, education, outcome metrics, and self-confidence.Conclusion:This study established consensus towards programme structure, exercise training principles, educational content, patient outcome measures, and self-confidence promotion. By identifying the key components within each domain, there is potential to benchmark recommended standards and practice guidelines for the development of a paediatric cardiac rehabilitation curriculum to be used and tested by exercise physiologists, paediatric and adult congenital cardiologists, and other healthcare team members for optimising the health and wellness of paediatric patients with congenital heart disease.
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Tordecilla-Sanders, Alejandra, Antonio Garcia-Hermoso, Katherine Gonzalez-Ruiz, and Robinson Ramírez-Vélez. "Arterial Stiffness Is Reduced Regardless Of Exercise Training In Obese Paediatric Populations." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 49, no. 5S (May 2017): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000519158.22043.88.
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Carona, Carlos, Daniel Rijo, Céu Salvador, Paula Castilho, and Paul Gilbert. "Compassion-focused therapy with children and adolescents." BJPsych Advances 23, no. 4 (July 2017): 240–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.115.015420.
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SummaryCompassion-focused therapy (CFT) is embedded in an evolutionary, functional analysis of psychopathology, with a focus on affiliative, caring and compassion processes. CFT has been applied in a number of adult settings, but its clinical applications in child and adolescent psychopathology and psychotherapy have not been systematically explored. This article describes the applications of CFT in paediatric populations. Specifically, the following developmental considerations are discussed: the unique importance of parent-child and attachment relationships for the development of self-compassion, being open to compassion from others and being compassionate to others; the potential effect of com passion training on the maturing brain (affective regulation systems); and the therapeutic targeting of shame and self-criticism to alleviate psychological distress and enhance the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural interventions.Learning Objectives• Understand and differentiate the three affect regulation systems and their links to different forms of child and adolescent psychopathology• Recognise the main components of compassionate mind training with children and adolescents, and related specific therapeutic strategies and exercises• Acknowledge the importance of adopting a parent-child approach in CFT
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Forså, Marianne Inngjerdingen, Anders W. Bjerring, Kristina H. Haugaa, Marit Kristine Smedsrud, Sebastian I. Sarvari, Hege W. Landgraff, Jostein Hallén, and Thor Edvardsen. "Young athlete’s growing heart: sex differences in cardiac adaptation to exercise training during adolescence." Open Heart 10, no. 1 (January 2023): e002155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2022-002155.
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BackgroundAthlete’s heart is a condition of exercise-induced cardiac remodelling. Adult male endurance athletes more often remodel beyond reference values. The impact of sex on remodelling through adolescence remains unclear. Paediatric reference values do not account for patient sex or exercise history. We aimed to study the effect of sex on cardiac remodelling throughout adolescence.MethodsWe recruited 76 male (M) and female (F) 12-year-old cross-country skiers in a longitudinal cohort study. Echocardiography was performed and analysed according to guidelines at age 12 (48 M, 28 F), 15 (34 M, 14 F) and 18 (23 M, 11 F). Repeated echocardiographic measurements were analysed by linear mixed model regression.ResultsMales displayed greater indexed left ventricular end-diastolic volumes (LV EDVi) from age 12 (M 81±7 vs F 76±7, mL/m², p≤0.01), and progressed further until follow-up at age 18 (M 2.3±9.7 vs F −3.9±4.5 ΔmL/m², p≤0.01). LV EDVi remained above adult upper reference values in both groups. Males increased LV Mass Index from age 12 to 18 (M 33±27 vs F 4±19, Δg/m², p≤0.01). Males displayed LV mass above paediatric reference values at ages 15 and 18. A subset of males (35%) and females (25%) displayed wall thickness above paediatric reference values at age 12. Cardiac function was normal. There was no sex difference in exercise hours.ConclusionSex-related differences in athlete’s heart were evident from age 12, and progressed throughout adolescence. Remodelling beyond reference values was more frequent than previously reported, particularly affecting males. Age, sex and exercise history may assist clinicians in distinguishing exercise-induced remodelling from pathology in adolescents.
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Khoury, Michael, Devin B. Phillips, Peter W. Wood, William R. Mott, Michael K. Stickland, Pierre Boulanger, Gwen R. Rempel, Jennifer Conway, Andrew S. Mackie, and Nee S. Khoo. "Cardiac rehabilitation in the paediatric Fontan population: development of a home-based high-intensity interval training programme." Cardiology in the Young 30, no. 10 (July 27, 2020): 1409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951120002097.
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AbstractIntroduction:We evaluated the safety and feasibility of high-intensity interval training via a novel telemedicine ergometer (MedBIKE™) in children with Fontan physiology.Methods:The MedBIKE™ is a custom telemedicine ergometer, incorporating a video game platform and live feed of patient video/audio, electrocardiography, pulse oximetry, and power output, for remote medical supervision and modulation of work. There were three study phases: (I) exercise workload comparison between the MedBIKE™ and a standard cardiopulmonary exercise ergometer in 10 healthy adults. (II) In-hospital safety, feasibility, and user experience (via questionnaire) assessment of a MedBIKE™ high-intensity interval training protocol in children with Fontan physiology. (III) Eight-week home-based high-intensity interval trial programme in two participants with Fontan physiology.Results:There was good agreement in oxygen consumption during graded exercise at matched work rates between the cardiopulmonary exercise ergometer and MedBIKE™ (1.1 ± 0.5 L/minute versus 1.1 ± 0.5 L/minute, p = 0.44). Ten youth with Fontan physiology (11.5 ± 1.8 years old) completed a MedBIKE™ high-intensity interval training session with no adverse events. The participants found the MedBIKE™ to be enjoyable and easy to navigate. In two participants, the 8-week home-based protocol was tolerated well with completion of 23/24 (96%) and 24/24 (100%) of sessions, respectively, and no adverse events across the 47 sessions in total.Conclusion:The MedBIKE™ resulted in similar physiological responses as compared to a cardiopulmonary exercise test ergometer and the high-intensity interval training protocol was safe, feasible, and enjoyable in youth with Fontan physiology. A randomised-controlled trial of a home-based high-intensity interval training exercise intervention using the MedBIKE™ will next be undertaken.
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Schnell, T., and J. Engler. "Entropic skill assessment of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) operators." Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems 02, no. 02 (June 1, 2014): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/juvs-2014-0001.
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Large-scale distributed training exercises involve many trainees at various stages of their training maturity and at various levels of skill. Problems arise in large-scale exercises when less mature or lower-skilled trainees are exposed to training scenarios that are too advanced or too complex for their level of training maturity. These trainees are more likely to fail the mission they are given in the training scenario, thus reducing the benefits of training, leading to frustration in the trainee or even disrupting the training exercise. We present a methodology for automated skill assessment using entropy measures that form the core of a battery of automated assessment algorithms. As illustrated in a case study, in which subjects performed a reconnaissance task in a simulated unmanned aerial system environment, this methodology achieves high accuracy levels of skill assessment and has the added benefit of computational simplicity, allowing for real-time skill assessment of trainees.
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Tikkanen, Ana Ubeda, Ainhoa Rodriguez Oyaga, Olga Arroyo Riaño, Enrique Maroto Álvaro, and Jonathan Rhodes. "Paediatric cardiac rehabilitation in congenital heart disease: a systematic review." Cardiology in the Young 22, no. 3 (January 17, 2012): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951111002010.
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AbstractBackgroundAdvances in medical and surgical care have contributed to an important increase in the survival rates of children with congenital heart disease. However, survivors often have decreased exercise capacity and health-related issues that affect their quality of life. Cardiac Rehabilitation Programmes have been extensively studied in adults with acquired heart disease. In contrast, studies of children with congenital heart disease have been few and of limited scope. We therefore undertook a systematic review of the literature on cardiac rehabilitation in children with congenital heart disease to systematically assess the current evidence regarding the use, efficacy, benefits, and risks associated with this therapy and to identify the components of a successful programme.MethodsWe included studies that incorporated a cardiac rehabilitation programme with an exercise training component published between January, 1981 and November, 2010 in patients under 18 years of age.ResultsA total of 16 clinical studies were found and were the focus of this review. Heterogeneous methodology and variable quality was observed. Aerobic and resistance training was the core component of most studies. Diverse variables were used to quantify outcomes. No adverse events were reported.ConclusionsCardiac Rehabilitation Programmes in the paediatric population are greatly underutilised, and clinical research on this promising form of therapy has been limited. Questions remain regarding the optimal structure and efficacy of the programmes. The complex needs of this unique population also mandate that additional outcome measures, beyond serial cardiopulmonary exercise testing, be identified and studied.
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Sutherland, Nigel, Bryn Jones, Sofia Westcamp Aguero, Tristan Melchiori, Karin du Plessis, Igor E. Konstantinov, Michael M. H. Cheung, and Yves d’Udekem. "Home- and hospital-based exercise training programme after Fontan surgery." Cardiology in the Young 28, no. 11 (August 28, 2018): 1299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951118001166.
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AbstractBackgroundExercise training has been shown to increase exercise capacity in survivors of Fontan surgery. The geographic distribution of the Fontan population has been a barrier to hospital-based exercise training programmes. The objective of this study was to establish whether a home exercise training programme could achieve similar improvements to a hospital programme.MethodsAdolescents with a Fontan circulation aged 12–19 years were prospectively recruited in a hospital or home exercise training programme. Patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing and completed the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory at initial assessment and after completion of an 8-week programme. Both groups performed two 1-hour training sessions per week. Patients in the home training programme had their first session in the hospital, and then progressed independently with one phone consult per week and one home visit by a physiotherapist.ResultsIn total, 17 patients, with a mean age of 15±3 years, completed the training programme (six hospital). Characteristics and baseline performance of patients were similar in both groups. Oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold increased from 19.3±3.8 to 21.6±6.0 ml/kg/minute (p=0.02) and peak oxygen pulse increased from 8.8±2.5 to 9.5±2.7 ml/beat (p=0.049). Total quality of life scale improved from 68 to 74% (p=0.01) and psychosocial health improved from 67 to 74% (p=0.02). No patient experienced training-related complications.ConclusionsExercise training is beneficial and most likely safe after Fontan, resulting in improved exercise capacity and self-reported quality of life. Home exercise training programmes are probably as effective as hospital programmes. Home exercise training programmes should be integrated in the follow-up care of patients undergoing Fontan surgery.
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McNarry, Melitta A., Joanne R. Welsman, and Andrew M. Jones. "Influence of training and maturity status on the cardiopulmonary responses to ramp incremental cycle and upper body exercise in girls." Journal of Applied Physiology 110, no. 2 (February 2011): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00988.2010.
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It has been suggested that the potential for training to alter the physiological responses to exercise in children is related to a “maturational threshold”. To address this, we investigated the interaction of swim-training status and maturity on cardiovascular and metabolic responses to lower and upper body exercise. Twenty-one prepubertal [Pre: 11 trained (T), 10 untrained (UT)], 30 pubertal (Pub: 14 T, 16 UT), and 18 postpubertal (Post: 8 T, 10 UT) girls completed ramp incremental exercise on a cycle and an upper body ergometer. In addition to pulmonary gas exchange measurements, stroke volume and cardiac output were estimated by thoracic bioelectrical impedance, and muscle oxygenation status was assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy. All T girls had a higher peak O2 uptake during cycle (Pre: T 49 ± 5 vs. UT 40 ± 4; Pub: T 46 ± 5 vs. UT 36 ± 4; Post: T 48 ± 5 vs. UT 39 ± 8 ml·kg−1·min−1; all P < 0.05) and upper body exercise (Pre: T 37 ± 6 vs. UT 32 ± 5; Pub: T 36 ± 5 vs. UT 28 ± 5; Post: T 39 ± 3 vs. UT 28 ± 7 ml·kg−1·min−1; all P < 0.05). T girls also had a higher peak cardiac output during both modalities, and this reached significance in Pub (cycle: T 21 ± 3 vs. UT 18 ± 3; upper body: T 20 ± 4 vs. UT 15 ± 4 l/min; all P < 0.05) and Post girls (cycle: T 21 ± 4 vs. UT 17 ± 2; upper body: T 22 ± 3 vs. UT 18 ± 2 l/min; all P < 0.05). None of the measured pulmonary, cardiovascular, or metabolic parameters interacted with maturity, and the magnitude of the difference between T and UT girls was similar, irrespective of maturity stage. These results challenge the notion that differences in training status in young people are only evident once a maturational threshold has been exceeded.
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Williams, Craig A., Lucy Gowing, Richard Horn, and Alan Graham Stuart. "A survey of exercise advice and recommendations in United Kingdom paediatric cardiac clinics." Cardiology in the Young 27, no. 5 (January 16, 2017): 951–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951116002729.
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AbstractBackgroundPhysical activity and exercise have important health benefits for children and adolescents with CHD. The objective of this study was to survey the provision of advice and recommendations in United Kingdom paediatric CHD clinics.MethodsA three-page questionnaire was sent out to paediatric cardiac consultants in the United Kingdom, paediatric consultants with expertise in cardiology, and nursing staff (Paediatricians with Expertise in Cardiology Special Interest Group), as well as all members of the British Congenital Cardiovascular Association. The aim of this questionnaire was to determine the extent and scope of current information provision and to assess the importance that clinicians place on this advice.ResultsThere were 68 responses in total, and the data showed that, of these, 24 (36%) clinicians had never provided paediatric CHD patients with written advice about exercise. Only 27 (39%) clinicians provided physical activity advice at every appointment. Lack of time during consultation (n=39, 56.9%), lack of training (n=38, 55.2%), and uncertainty about appropriate recommendations (n=38, 55.2%) were identified as the main factors preventing clinicians from providing patients with advice about physical activity.ConclusionAlthough healthcare providers consider physical activity to be very important, the provision of clear, specific advice and recommendations is underutilised; therefore, more education and provision of resources to support the promotion of exercise need to be provided to clinicians and their support teams.
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Singla, D., M. Y. Shareef, and M. E. Hussain. "Blood lactate responses to plyometric training in cricket players of different maturity level: a randomised controlled trial." Comparative Exercise Physiology 15, no. 2 (June 18, 2019): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep180054.
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Previous studies commonly examined the acute effect of plyometric exercise on blood lactate. To the best of our knowledge, no study has examined the effect of short-term plyometric training on blood lactate levels of cricket players. To investigate the effect of an 8 week plyometric training program on blood lactate concentration in cricket players of different maturity level. 55 healthy male cricket players (aged 14-35 years) were categorised into 14-17, 18-25 and 26-35 groups. Blood lactate concentration (BLAC) was assessed before and after 8 weeks of the intervention period. Regardless of the maturity level, a significant reduction in BLAC was observed in the experimental cricketers (P<0.05) in response to 8 weeks of training. Blood lactate responses did not vary significantly in 14-17, 18-25 and 26-35 groups of cricket players following plyometric training. Plyometric training significantly reduced BLAC in cricket players despite non-significant differences amongst 14-17, 18-25 and 26-35 groups. Plyometric training could be recommended for adolescent (14-17) and adult cricketers (18-25 and 26-35) for improving their physiological capacities so as to develop optimal performance.
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Carvalho, Humberto M., Gerusa E. Milano, Wendell A. Lopes, António J. Figueiredo, Rosana B. Radominski, and Neiva Leite. "Peak Oxygen Uptake Responses to Training in Obese Adolescents: A Multilevel Allometric Framework to Partition the Influence of Body Size and Maturity Status." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/618595.
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The influence of body size and maturation on the responses in peak oxygen uptake (VO2) to a 12-week aerobic training and nutritional intervention in obese boys (; 10–16 years) was examined using multilevel allometric regressions. Anthropometry, sexual maturity status, peak VO2, and body composition were measured pre- and postintervention. Significant decrements for body mass, body mass indexz-score, and waist circumference and increments for stature, fat-free mass, and peak oxygen uptake were observed after intervention. Partitioning body size on peak VO2, the responses of the individuals to training were positive (11.8% to 12.7% for body mass; 7.6% to 8.1% for fat-free mass). Body mass and fat-free mass were found as significant explanatory variables, with an additional positive effect for chronological. The allometric coefficients () in the initial models were and for body mass and fat-free mass, respectively. The coefficients decreased when age was considered ( for body mass; for fat-free mass). Including maturity indicator in the models was not significant, thus the influence of variability in sexual maturity status in responses to exercise-based intervention in peak VO2may be mediated by the changes in body dimensions.
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Tolfrey, Keith, Julia K. Zakrzewski-Fruer, and James Smallcombe. "Metabolism and Exercise During Youth." Pediatric Exercise Science 29, no. 1 (February 2017): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2017-0015.
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Three publications were selected based on the strength of the research questions, but also because they represent different research designs that are used with varying degrees of frequency in the pediatric literature. The first, a prospective, longitudinal cohort observation study from 7 to 16 years with girls and boys reports an intrinsic reduction in absolute resting energy expenditure after adjustment for lean mass, fat mass, and biological maturity. The authors suggest this could be related to evolutionary energy conservation, but may be problematic now that food energy availability is so abundant. The second focuses on the effect of acute exercise on neutrophil reactive oxygen species production and inflammatory markers in independent groups of healthy boys and men. The authors suggested the boys experienced a “sensitized” neutrophil response stimulated by the exercise bout compared with the men; moreover, the findings provided information necessary to design future trials in this important field. In the final study, a dose-response design was used to examine titrated doses of high intensity interval training on cardiometabolic outcomes in adolescent boys. While the authors were unable to identify a recognizable dose-response relationship, there are several design strengths in this study, which was probably underpowered.
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Meyer, Michael, Leon Brudy, Luisa García-Cuenllas, Alfred Hager, Peter Ewert, Renate Oberhoffer, and Jan Müller. "Current state of home-based exercise interventions in patients with congenital heart disease: a systematic review." Heart 106, no. 5 (December 5, 2019): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315680.
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Home-based exercise training is a promising alternative to conventional supervised training for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Even though the beneficial effect of exercise interventions is well established in patients with CHD, knowledge concerning variety and utility of existing programmes is still lacking. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give an overview about existing home-based exercise interventions in patients with CHD. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus and PEDro (2008–2018) for relevant clinical trials that provided any kind of home-based exercise with patients with CHD. All articles were identified and assessed by two independent reviewers. Seven articles with 346 paediatric CHD (18 months to 16 years) and five articles with 200 adults with CHD (21–41 years) were included. Most studies performed a supervised home-based exercise intervention with children and adolescents exercising at least three times per week with duration of 45 min for 12 weeks. Reported outcome measurements were health-related quality of life and physical activity, but mostly exercise capacity measured as peak oxygen uptake that improved in four studies (1.2%, 7%, 7.7%, 15%; p<0.05), walking distance in two (3.5%, 19.5%, p<0.05,) or walking time (2 min, p=0.003) in one. The dropout rates were high (15%), and compliance to the training programme was not reported in the majority of the studies (58%). Home-based exercise interventions are safe, feasible and a useful alternative to supervised cardiac rehabilitation for all age groups of patients with CHD. Nevertheless, training compliance represents a major challenge.
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Runacres, Adam, Kelly Mackintosh, Tim Evans, and Melitta A. McNarry. "Effects of Sex, Training, and Maturity Status on the Cardiopulmonary and Muscle Deoxygenation Responses during Incremental Ramp Exercise." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (June 16, 2022): 7410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127410.
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Whilst participation in regular exercise and sport has generally increased over recent decades globally, fundamental questions remain regarding the influence of growth, maturation, and sex on the magnitude of training response throughout adolescence. Trained (108 participants, 43 girls; age: 14.3 ± 1.8 years) and untrained (108 participants, 43 girls; age: 14.7 ± 1.7 years) adolescents completed an incremental ramp test to exhaustion during which breath by gas exchange, beat-by-beat heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (Q̇) and muscle deoxygenation were assessed. Device-based physical activity was also assessed over seven consecutive days. Boys, irrespective of training status, had a significantly higher absolute (2.65 ± 0.70 L min−1 vs. 2.01 ± 0.45 L min−1, p < 0.01) and allometrically scaled (183.8 ± 31.4 mL·kg−b min−1 vs. 146.5 ± 28.5 mL·kg−b min−1, p < 0.01) peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2) than girls. There were no sex differences in peak HR, SV or Q̇ but boys had a higher muscle deoxygenation plateau when expressed against absolute work rate and V̇O2 (p < 0.05). Muscle deoxygenation appears to be more important in determining the sex differences in peak V̇O2 in youth. Future research should examine the effects of sex on the response to different training methodologies in youth.
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Moskalenko, Natalia, Oksana Demidova, and Viktoriya Bodnya. "INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL AND HEALTH LESSONS WITH THE USE OF TOOLS EMS-TRAINING FOR PHYSICAL CONDITION OF WOMEN OF THE FIRST MATURITY." Sports Bulletin of the Dnieper 1 (2020): 332–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32540/2071-1476-2019-1-332.
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Introduction. Nowadays each of us cares about health state, wellbeing, working capacity and methods how to increase that, to make it efficient. Solving eternal question, we have to focus our attention on the researches of physical education innovative methods, the usage of which will contribute towards human’s physical state level rise. The rapid pace of life literally wears out young women and men. Especially it refers to the early adulthood age women. Most of them during the day must combine work (which quite often leads to occupational disease), housekeeping, raising children and everyday life worries. Described women have only 1-3 free hours per day. The deficit of time to spare leads to inability of women to take care of self-health state and visit fitness classes. Such pastime allows to increase the level of physical state and consequently improve health state and working capacity. Therefore, the question of fitness classes optimization is the topical and can be solved with the usage of the latest technologies. One of these technologies is the EMS Xbody exercise machine, which is based on artificial electrical muscle stimulation. Classes using the EMS Xbody exercise machine for 30-45 minutes are equivalent to 1.5-2 hours of training in the gym, which is important for working women with no time to spare. In addition, the use of the EMS Xbody exercise machine causes a number of changes in the functional systems of a woman’s body, helps to increase her working capacity, and improves her fitness level. Hypothesis of research consists in a physical state improvement of the early adulthood age women who used EMS training tools during fitness classes. Purpose of research: determine an influence of the fitness classes with EMS training tools on the physical state of the early adulthood age women. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific-methodological literature, anthropometric methods, pedagogical testing, functional research methods, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Research involved 8 early adulthood age women from 27 to 35 years old who are participants of the fitness studio "EMS Fit Studio", Dnipro and have no deviation in their health. Results: determined that the introduction of the EMS training methodology to the fitness classes process with early adulthood age women contributes to: lowering the heart rate, improving the functional reserves of the cardiovascular system and increasing the level of physical preparation. Conclusions. 1. The optimization process of fitness classes conducting with early adulthood age women is possible in case when EMS training tools are used, namely the EMS Xbody exercise machine, which is based on artificial electrical muscle stimulation.2. EMS training tools usage in the fitness classes conduction process and the selection of exercises (with taking into account the women professional activities peculiarities), help to improve the early adulthood age women physical state. Keywords: early adulthood age women, fitness classes, physical state, EMS training tools, EMS Xbody exercise machine.
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Purcell, Laura, Sarah Campos, Mike Dickinson, and Graham Thompson. "116 Canadian Community Paediatricians' Perspectives of Sport Medicine in Residency and in Practice." Paediatrics & Child Health 26, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2021): e84-e84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxab061.094.
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Abstract Primary Subject area Community Paediatrics Background Participation by children and adolescents in organized sports and recreational sporting activities is increasingly popular in Canada. Although the health and psychosocial benefits of sports for children are significant, participation in sports confers an increased risk of injury, resulting in a considerable burden of visits to emergency departments and primary care offices. Despite the frequency of sport-related injuries, there are documented gaps in sport and exercise medicine (SEM) education in paediatric training, leading to many practicing paediatricians feeling uncomfortable in managing these issues. Objectives We sought to describe Canadian community paediatricians’ perspectives about SEM in training and practice. This descriptive, cross-sectional cohort study of practicing Canadian community paediatricians was designed to assess: i) self-reported practice profiles with respect to sport issues; ii) perceptions of SEM training during paediatric residency; and iii) comfort level with management of sport injuries. Design/Methods To address these questions, a cross-sectional electronic survey of Canadian community paediatricians was conducted between February and March 2020. A survey was emailed to full members of the community paediatrics section of the Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) (n=370) by CPS administrative staff. Participants were asked about musculoskeletal (MSK)/sport issues seen, how they manage these cases, their comfort level with diagnosis and management of sport injuries (on a 5-point Likert scale), and their perceptions of MSK/SEM training during paediatric residency. Results The response rate was 23.0% (85/370). A quarter of respondents (20/85; 23.4%) reported seeing MSK/sport issues very often; a third (27/85; 31.7%) were comfortable managing these patients on their own. Almost all respondents did not feel that they had received adequate SEM training during paediatric residency (81/85; 95.3%). Respondents were most comfortable managing concussion, rating their comfort 4.17/5 on a 5-point scale (95% CI=3.96-4.38), and Osgood-Schlatter’s disease 3.86/5 (95% CI=3.60-4.11). Participants were uncomfortable managing acromioclavicular joint separations 1.81/5 (95% CI=1.58-20.6) and elbow pain 2.65/5 (95% CI=2.40-2.90). Regression analysis indicated that only the frequency of MSK/sport-related visits was associated with provider comfort level (p < 0 .001). Conclusion Most Canadian community paediatricians do not manage many patients with sport-related issues and are not comfortable managing these patients on their own. They feel that SEM training during their paediatric residency inadequately prepared them for practice. Incorporating more SEM training into paediatric residency programs may increase comfort level with MSK/sport issues and change referral patterns and practice patterns amongst community paediatricians.
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Hughes, Kate E., Patrick G. Hughes, Thomas Cahir, Jennifer Plitt, Vivienne Ng, Edward Bedrick, and Rami A. Ahmed. "Advanced closed-loop communication training: the blindfolded resuscitation." BMJ Simulation and Technology Enhanced Learning 6, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjstel-2019-000498.
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Closed-loop communication (CLC) improves task efficiency and decreases medical errors; however, limited literature on strategies to improve real-time use exist. The primary objective was whether blindfolding a resuscitation leader was effective to improve crisis resource management (CRM) skills, as measured by increased frequency of CLC. Secondary objectives included whether blindfolding affected overall CRM performance or perceived task load. Participants included emergency medicine (EM) or EM/paediatric dual resident physicians. Participants completed presurveys, were block randomised into intervention (blindfolded) or control groups, lead both adult and paediatric resuscitations and completed postsurveys before debriefing. Video recordings of the simulations were reviewed by simulation fellowship-trained EM physicians and rated using the Ottawa CRM Global Rating Scale (GRS). Frequency of CLC was assessed by one rater via video review. Summary statistics were performed. Intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated. Data were analysed using R program for analysis of variance and regression analysis. There were no significant differences between intervention and control groups in any Ottawa CRM GRS category. Postgraduate year (PGY) significantly impacts all Ottawa GRS categories. Frequency of CLC use significantly increased in the blindfolded group (31.7, 95% CI 29.34 to 34.1) vs the non-blindfolded group (24.6, 95% CI 21.5 to 27.7). Participant’s self-rated perceived NASA Task Load Index scores demonstrated no difference between intervention and control groups via a Wilcoxon rank sum test. Blindfolding the resuscitation leader significantly increases frequency of CLC. The blindfold code training exercise is an advanced technique that may increase the use of CLC.
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Maehlmann, L., M. Gerber, R. I. Furlano, C. Légeret, N. Kalak, D. Sadeghi Bahmani, E. Holsboer-Trachsler, and S. Brand. "Aerobic Exercise Training in Children and Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Influence on psychological Functioning, Sleep and Physical Performance." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1928.
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Background and aimsPatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) report increased mental health issues, poorer sleep quality and less engagement in physical activity (PA). Standard treatment consists of immune modulating pharmaceuticals, though evidence is growing that aerobic exercise training (AET) might serve as adjuvant option to reduce disease symptoms and improve mental health. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible AET effects on psychological functioning, depressive symptoms, sleep and PA behavior in paediatric patients with IBD.MethodsTwenty-one paediatric patients with IBD and 23 gender and age-matched healthy controls (HC) were assessed. The IBD group was split into a “remission-group” (IBD-RE; n = 14) and an “active disease group” (IBD-AD; n = 7). All participants completed an 8-week AET exergame intervention reaching 60–80% of maximal heart rate for 5 days per week. At baseline and after 8 weeks, psychological functioning, depressive symptoms, objective sleep EEG, subjective sleep and objective and subjective PA were assessed.ResultsAET significantly improved the exercise capacity of all participants. Self-reported fitness and daily PA behavior significantly increased in IBD-AD, but not in IBD-RE and HC. No improvements were observed for psychological functioning, depressive symptoms and subjective or objective sleep dimensions. Descriptively, the IBD-AD group reported lower psychological functioning and poorer subjective sleep quality.ConclusionsResults suggest that children and adolescents in an active disease state were at increased risk to descriptively report lower scores of psychological functioning and sleep. Further, an exergaming intervention has the potential to improve exercise capacity, self-reported fitness and daily PA.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Scheffers, L., L. E. van den Berg, M. W. Pijnenburg, E. M. Utens, G. C. Dieleman, A. T. van der Ploeg, W. A. Helbing, and J. C. Escher. "P515 A 12-week tailored physical training program including dietary advice in children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a randomized crossover trial." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 15, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): S493—S494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab076.637.
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Abstract Background Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, physical activity has been suggested to improve the quality of life and course of disease in adult IBD patients. The aim of this study was to investigate physical functioning in paediatric IBD patients and to determine the effects of a tailored 12-week lifestyle intervention including a physical training program. Methods Figure 1 shows our study design and measurements. The tailored 12-week lifestyle intervention consisted of 3 strenuous physical training sessions a week and dietary advice. Effects on exercise capacity, endurance, physical activity levels, disease activity, quality of life, and fatigue were measured in paediatric IBD patients. Mild disease activity was defined as a PCDAI between 10 - 27.5 or PUCAI between 10 - 34. Results Sixteen paediatric IBD patients (median age 15 [9 - 17]) were included, 13 patients successfully completed the training program, 2 patients are still participating. At baseline, most patients had mild disease activity (n=9). Patients had reduced exercise capacity (76.8%±17.7% of predicted PeakVO2 , and reduced physical activity levels as shown by 80.3%±7.4% of measured time being spent in sedentary activity. PCDAI/PUCAI scores decreased significantly over the intervention period (13.8±11.7 vs. 3.65±4.5, P=0.002). Fecal calprotectin also decreased significantly (400 [18–3089] vs. 128 [20–2704], P=0.041). All patients but one had no changes in medical regimens before or during the lifestyle intervention that could have influenced disease activity. After the 12-week lifestyle intervention period, 9 out of 13 patients were in clinical remission. Maximum walked distance increased significantly (503±69 vs. 540±77 meters, P=0.001), although PeakVO2 and percentage of time spent in moderate-to-vigorous activity did not. Patients improved on overall quality of life measured by the Impact III questionnaire (+2.4 points, p=0.017). The Child Health Questionnaire showed a significant improvement on the child-reported physical functioning scale and on 5 parent-reported scales of quality of life. Child-reported fatigue measured by the PedsQol MFS did not improve significantly, parents-reported fatigue did. No changes were found on mentioned outcomes during the control period. After baseline measurements, the COVID-19 lock-down period started, possibly affecting normal daytime activities of the patients during the lifestyle intervention period. Conclusion A 12-week tailored physical training program including dietry advice is safe and beneficial for paediatric IBD patients and may contribute to better control of inflammation.
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Drury, Benjamin, Sébastien Ratel, Cain C. T. Clark, John F. T. Fernandes, Jason Moran, and David G. Behm. "Eccentric Resistance Training in Youth: Perspectives for Long-Term Athletic Development." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 4, no. 4 (November 28, 2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk4040070.
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The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the role of eccentric resistance training in youth and how this training modality can be utilized within long-term physical development. Current literature on responses to eccentric exercise in youth has demonstrated that potential concerns, such as fatigue and muscle damage, compared to adults are not supported. Considering the importance of resistance training for youth athletes and the benefits of eccentric training in enhancing strength, power, speed, and resistance to injury, its inclusion throughout youth may be warranted. In this review we provide a brief overview of the physiological responses to exercise in youth with specific reference to the different responses to eccentric resistance training between children, adolescents, and adults. Thereafter, we discuss the importance of ensuring that force absorption qualities are trained throughout youth and how these may be influenced by growth and maturation. In particular, we propose practical methods on how eccentric resistance training methods can be implemented in youth via the inclusion of efficient landing mechanics, eccentric hamstrings strengthening and flywheel inertia training. This article proposes that the use of eccentric resistance training in youth should be considered a necessity to help develop both physical qualities that underpin sporting performance, as well as reducing injury risk. However, as with any other training modality implemented within youth, careful consideration should be given in accordance with an individual’s maturity status, training history and technical competency as well as being underpinned by current long-term physical development guidelines.
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Enríquez-del-Castillo, Liliana Aracely, Andrea Ornelas-López, Lidia G. De León, Natanael Cervantes-Hernández, Estefanía Quintana-Mendias, and Luis Alberto Flores. "Strength and VO2max Changes by Exercise Training According to Maturation State in Children." Children 9, no. 7 (June 22, 2022): 938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9070938.
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The health benefits of physical activity (PA) are widely recognized; however, biological maturation contributions are a subject that has been little studied, which is why the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a six-week training program at moderate-intensity on the muscular strength and aerobic capacity in children between nine and 13 years (13 ± 1.0 years) according to their maturation state. Twenty-six schoolchildren (15 girls) participated in a six-week physical exercise program based on aerobic/anaerobic capacity and coordination skills. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), trunk-lift, push-ups, curl-ups, and handgrip strength (both hands) were measured as response variables. Body mass index (BMI), skeletal maturity indicator (SMI), peak height velocity (PHV), age on peak height velocity (APHV) and sex were considered as covariates. The results of VO2max, push-ups, curl-ups, and handgrip strength were higher after the exercise program in the whole group (p < 0.05). The VO2max showed a greater increase in the normal-weight than in the overweight-obesity children (p = 0.001). Higher results in dominant handgrip strength were observed in girls (p = 0.003). The PHV before intervention presented a positive correlation with the dominant handgrip strength in all kids (r = 0.70, p = 0.001). As a conclusion, the six-week training program improved the physical fitness of children independent of the maturation state. Somatic maturation increases the physical abilities in schoolchildren.
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Oliveira, Daniel Vicentini de, Ana Paula Serra Araújo, and Sônia Maria Marques Gomes Bertolini. "Cognitive and functional ability of elderly women practitioners of different modalities of exercise." Revista da Rede de Enfermagem do Nordeste 16, no. 6 (December 21, 2015): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.2015000600014.
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Objective: to compare the functional capacity and cognitive ability of elderly women engaged in various forms of physical exercise. Methods: quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, observational and analytical study with 120 volunteers, divided into three groups of 40 elderly: water aerobics group, fitness center of the third age group and weight training group. Functional ability was assessed by functional evaluation Protocol of the Latin American Development Group for the Maturity and the cognitive ability was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Results: the functional capacity of elderly in the three modalities were classified as weak, showing no significant difference between groups (p = 0.082). Cognitive ability reached nearly maximum scores in the three modalities of exercise, without statistical significance (p = 0.062). Conclusion: functional capacity of elderly women is low and the type of exercise does not interfere with cognitive performance.
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Pini, Mauro, Elena Calamari, Antonio Puleggio, and Michela Pullera. "Exercise Commitment and Proneness to Eating Disorders in a Group of Physical Education Teachers." Perceptual and Motor Skills 105, no. 2 (October 2007): 639–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.105.2.639-645.
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The study examined the association of exercise commitment with proneness to eating disorders in 50 physical education teachers who had been practicing various aerobic sports at least three times a week for at least 5 years. Significant coefficients were found between Commitment to Exercise Scale scores, the number of weekly training sessions, and scores on the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 scales measuring Maturity Fears, Social Insecurity, Perfectionism, and Asceticism. However, no relationship was found between the Commitment to Exercise Scale and the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 variables measuring anorexic tendencies (such as Drive for Thinness, Body Dissatisfaction, and Bulimia). Findings suggest the presence of some psychological factors common to both anorexic tendencies and excessive exercising but not complete overlap, so a rather more complex pattern of relationships appears to be mediated by sex and personality characteristics.
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Morgado, José P., Cristina P. Monteiro, Júlia Teles, Joana F. Reis, Catarina Matias, Maria T. Seixas, Marta G. Alvim, Mafalda Bourbon, Maria J. Laires, and Francisco Alves. "Immune cell changes in response to a swimming training session during a 24-h recovery period." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 41, no. 5 (May 2016): 476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0488.
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Understanding the impact of training sessions on the immune response is crucial for the adequate periodization of training, to prevent both a negative influence on health and a performance impairment of the athlete. This study evaluated acute systemic immune cell changes in response to an actual swimming session, during a 24-h recovery period, controlling for sex, menstrual cycle phases, maturity, and age group. Competitive swimmers (30 females, 15 ± 1.3 years old; and 35 males, 16.5 ± 2.1 years old) performed a high-intensity training session. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, 2 h after, and 24 h after exercise. Standard procedures for the assessment of leukogram by automated counting (Coulter LH 750, Beckman) and lymphocytes subsets by flow cytometry (FACS Calibur BD, Biosciences) were used. Subjects were grouped according to competitive age groups and pubertal Tanner stages. Menstrual cycle phase was monitored. The training session induced neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and a low eosinophil count, lasting for at least 2 h, independent of sex and maturity. At 24 h postexercise, the acquired immunity of juniors (15–17 years old), expressed by total lymphocytes and total T lymphocytes (CD3+), was not fully recovered. This should be accounted for when planning a weekly training program. The observed lymphopenia suggests a lower immune surveillance at the end of the session that may depress the immunity of athletes, highlighting the need for extra care when athletes are exposed to aggressive environmental agents such as swimming pools.
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Suzuki, Frank Shiguemitsu, Alexandre Lopes Evangelista, Cauê Vazquez La Scala Teixeira, Marcos Rodolfo Ramos Paunksnis, Roberta Luksevicius Rica, Roberta Alexandra Gonçalves de Toledo Evangelista, Gustavo Allegretti João, et al. "EFFECTS OF A MULTICOMPONENT EXERCISE PROGRAM ON THE FUNCTIONAL FITNESS IN ELDERLY WOMEN." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 24, no. 1 (January 2018): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220182401179669.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Aging is inevitable and irreversible, but with the advancement of technology, life expectancy is increasing every year, bringing proposals for various interventions to improve the quality of life. One such intervention is physical exercise programs. Objectives: To investigate the impact of multicomponent training in circuits on functional autonomy parameters in elderly women. Methods: Elderly were recruited and distributed in two groups: trained (N = 16) and non-trained (N = 15). Those in the trained group performed 75-minute training sessions twice a week over a 56-week period. The resistance training included upper and lower limbs with a relative intensity of 70% of 1RM, exercises using body weight, stretching and specific tasks for agility, performed in a circuit form and totaling three passages. Participants underwent functional autonomy (FA) assessment by the protocol of the Latin American Developmental Group for Maturity, the 6-minute walk test (T6M), and the sit-and-reach (SR) test. Results: The trained group had a significant decrease in body weight (p=0.02) and body mass index (p=0.015). Significant improvements (p=0,009) were also observed in FA, SR, and T6M after the intervention Compared with the untrained group, the trained group also obtained significant differences in all functional parameters analyzed. Conclusion: A long-term multicomponent training program conducted on a circuit and applied twice a week was enough to improve multiple components of the functional autonomy of elderly women. Level of Evidence II; Prognostic studies - Investigating the effect of a patient characteristic on the outcome of disease.
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Piscione, P. J., E. Bouffet, B. Timmons, K. S. Courneya, D. Tetzlaff, J. E. Schneiderman, C. B. de Medeiros, U. Bartels, and D. J. Mabbott. "Exercise training improves physical function and fitness in long-term paediatric brain tumour survivors treated with cranial irradiation." European Journal of Cancer 80 (July 2017): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2017.04.020.
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Rapson, Rachel, Jonathan Marsden, Jos Latour, Wendy Ingram, Kara Nicola Stevens, Laura Cocking, and Bernie Carter. "Multicentre, randomised controlled feasibility study to compare a 10-week physiotherapy programme using an interactive exercise training device to improve walking and balance, to usual care of children with cerebral palsy aged 4–18 years: the ACCEPT study protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 5 (May 2022): e058916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058916.
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IntroductionChildren with cerebral palsy (CP) frequently undertake physiotherapy programmes to improve walking and balance. They often require adult support to exercise in a functional position. A novel interactive exercise trainer has been devised to enable children to exercise with against resistance in a functional position, but its efficacy has yet to be proved. A novel protocol has been developed to determine whether a randomised controlled trial (RCT) is feasible.AimTo establish whether it is feasible to conduct an RCT to assess the effectiveness of a 10-week physiotherapy intervention using an interactive trainer in children with CP.Methods and analysisThis study is multicentre randomised controlled feasibility trial with an embedded qualitative study. Forty children with CP, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) I–III will be recruited from community paediatric physiotherapy caseloads. Participants will be randomised to 10 weeks of training with the interactive training device or to usual physiotherapy care. The mediolateral motion of the centre of mass estimate and Paediatric Balance Scale will be explored as potential primary outcomes measures, tested at baseline, 10 weeks and follow-up at 20 weeks. The views of child participants, their parents and physiotherapists will be gained through e-diaries and qualitative interviews.Feasibility will be determined by examining recruitment and retention rates, completeness of, adherence to the intervention, appropriateness of outcome measures and effectiveness of blinding. Results will be reported in accordance to Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines.Ethics and disseminationPhysiotherapists, children and parents have informed trial design and information leaflets. Results will be disseminated via publications, conferences and to families. This study has approval from North of Scotland Research Ethics Committee (20/NS/0018).Trial registration numberISRCTN80878394.
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Svensson, Rene B., Katja Maria Heinemeier, Christian Couppé, Michael Kjaer, and S. Peter Magnusson. "Effect of aging and exercise on the tendon." Journal of Applied Physiology 121, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 1353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00328.2016.
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Here, we review the literature on how tendons respond and adapt to ageing and exercise. With respect to aging, there are considerable changes early in life, but this seems to be maturation rather than aging per se. In vitro data indicate that aging is associated with a decreased potential for cell proliferation and a reduction in the number of stem/progenitor-like cells. Further, there is persuasive evidence that turnover in the core of the tendon after maturity is very slow or absent. Tendon fibril diameter, collagen content, and whole tendon size appear to be largely unchanged with aging, while glycation-derived cross-links increase substantially. Mechanically, aging appears to be associated with a reduction in modulus and strength. With respect to exercise, tendon cells respond by producing growth factors, and there is some support for a loading-induced increase in tendon collagen synthesis in humans, which likely reflects synthesis at the very periphery of the tendon rather than the core. Average collagen fibril diameter is largely unaffected by exercise, while there can be some hypertrophy of the whole tendon. In addition, it seems that resistance training can yield increased stiffness and modulus of the tendon and may reduce the amount of glycation. Exercise thereby tends to counteract the effects of aging.
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Roth, Anthony David, and Janie Donnan. "Developing a competence framework for psychological interventions in a multidisciplinary paediatric context." BMJ Paediatrics Open 3, no. 1 (July 2019): e000447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2019-000447.
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This paper describes the development and content of a competence framework for psychological interventions, intended to apply to healthcare workers of all disciplines working in a paediatric context. To achieve this, a review of the literature was used to indicate where current interventions had evidence for efficacy; this scoping exercise was complemented by an expert reference group (ERG) whose role was to offer professional advice on areas where the evidence base is not strong but where the field commonly employs interventions. Iterative peer review of the emerging framework was undertaken both by the ERG and external peer reviewers selected for their expertise in the field. The characteristics of the completed framework are presented, along a discussion of the uses to which it can be put. The framework is best seen as a practitioner support tool, providing a basis for training and practice in paediatric contexts.
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Feist-Wilson, Simon, and Neil Heron. "An evaluation of the clinical skills and experience within an orthopaedic Integrated Clinical Assessment and Treatment Service." BJGP Open 1, no. 4 (December 13, 2017): bjgpopen17X101217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgpopen17x101217.
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BackgroundGeneral practice in the UK is ‘in crisis’. With 20% of GP workload relating to musculoskeletal (MSK) problems, an orthopaedic Integrated Clinical Assessment and Treatment Service (ICATS) could help support assessment of these patients in primary care, alleviating pressure on GPs. However, practitioners in ICATS must be trained appropriately to ensure its effectiveness.AimThis evaluation aimed to identify the training levels of doctors in one Northern Ireland orthopaedic ICATS system, what their future training needs are, and suggestions for how this service could be improved to better support general practice.Design & settingA questionnaire study in an orthopaedic ICATS, Northern Ireland.MethodAll seven doctors working within the Southern Trust orthopaedic ICATS were asked to complete a questionnaire detailing their training and experience in MSK medicine. Their views on how the service could be improved were elicited.ResultsSix of seven questionnaires were returned. All responders were Members of the Royal College of General Practitioners (MRCGP), while five of six held a Diploma in Sports and Exercise Medicine (Dip SEM). Half of responders suggested that MSK ultrasound could be beneficial within ICATS. However, it was viewed that extensive training would be required before paediatric MSK patients could be included.ConclusionHigh levels of training and experience were reported by responders, suggesting ICATS provides a high-level MSK service. Furthermore, it was noted that inclusion of MSK ultrasound and paediatric patients into this service could be beneficial but not without undertaking further training. With appropriate funding and support the ICATS service has the potential to expand the clinical services it offers to general practice, helping to reduce work pressures in primary care at this time of crisis for UK general practice.
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Kemper, Han C. G. "Change in the Mindset of a Paediatric Exercise Physiologist: A Review of Fifty Years Research." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 22, 2020): 2888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082888.
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In this review, the career of a pediatric exercise physiologist (HCGK) is given over a period of almost 50 years. His research was concentrated on the relationship of physical activity (physical education, sport, and daily physical activity) with health and fitness in teenagers in secondary schools. (1) His first experiment was an exercise test on a bicycle ergometer to measure aerobic fitness by estimating physical work capacity at a heart rate of 170 beats/minute (PWC170). (2) Secondly, a randomized control trial (RCT) was performed with an intervention of more intensive physical education (PE) with circuit interval training during three lessons per week over a period of six weeks. (3) Thereafter, a second RCT was performed with an intervention of two extra PE lessons per week over a whole school year. The results of these two RCTs appeared to be small or nonsignificant, probably because the effects were confounded by differences in maturation and the habitual physical activity of these teenagers. (4) Therefore, the scope of the research was changed into the direction of a long-term longitudinal study (the Amsterdam Growth And Health Longitudinal Study). This study included male and female teenagers that were followed over many years to get insight into the individual changes in biological factors (growth, fitness, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension) and lifestyle parameters such as nutrition, smoking, alcohol usage, and daily physical activity. With the help of new advanced statistical methods (generalized estimating equations, random coefficient analysis, and autoregression analysis) suitable for longitudinal data, research questions regarding repeated measurements, tracking, or stability were answered. New measurement techniques such as mineral bone density by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) showed that bone can also be influenced by short bursts of mechanical load. This changed his mind: In children and adolescents, not only can daily aerobic exercise of at least 30 to 60 min duration increase the aerobic power of muscles, but very short highly intensive bursts of less than one minute per day can also increase the strength of their bones.
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Armstrong, Neil. "Aerobic Fitness and Training in Children." Pediatric Exercise Science 27, no. 1 (February 2015): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2015-0027.
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Purpose:The presence of a maturational threshold that modulates children’s physiological responses to exercise training continues to be debated, not least due to a lack of longitudinal evidence to address the question. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction between swim-training status and maturity in nineteen trained (T, 10 ± 1 years, −2.4 ± 1.9 years prepeak height velocity, 8 boys) and fifteen untrained (UT, 10 ± 1 years, −2.3 ± 0.9 years prepeak height velocity, 5 boys) children, at three annual measurements.Methods:In addition to pulmonary gas exchange measurements, stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (Q) were estimated by thoracic bioelectrical impedance during incremental ramp exercise.Results:At baseline and both subsequent measurement points, trained children had significantly (p < .05) higher peak oxygen uptake (year1 T 1.75 ± 0.34 vs. UT 1.49 ± 0.22; year 2 T 2.01 ± 0.31 vs. UT 1.65 ± 0.08; year 3 T 2.07 ± 0.30 vs. UT 1.77 ± 0.16 l min−1) and Q (year 1 T 15.0 ± 2.9 vs. UT 13.2 ± 2.2; year 2 T 16.1 ± 2.8 vs. UT 13.8 ± 2.9; year 3 T 19.3 ± 4.4 vs. UT 16.0 ± 2.7 l min−1). Furthermore, the SV response pattern differed significantly with training status, demonstrating the conventional plateau in UT but a progressive increase in T. Multilevel modeling revealed that none of the measured pulmonary or cardiovascular parameters interacted with maturational status, and the magnitude of the difference between T and UT was similar, irrespective of maturational status.Conclusion:The results of this novel longitudinal study challenge the notion that differences in training status in young people are only evident once a maturational threshold has been exceeded.
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Gaikwad, Pratibha, Farzeen Wadia, Bharati Asgaonkar, and Paneri Ghodke. "Effects of relaxation technique along with aerobic training and aerobic training alone on quality of life in asthmatic children: a comparative study." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 9, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20210893.
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Background: The current study focuses on the comparative effects of 12 weeks Jacobson’s progressive muscle relaxation technique as an intervention along with aerobic training and aerobic training alone on quality of life in asthmatic children.Methods: For this, 60 the asthmatic children were screened based on the inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups (30 each). Group A included Jacobson’s relaxation along with aerobic training and Group B included aerobic training alone. Conventional physiotherapy treatment was given to both the groups. Quality of life was assessed using Paediatric asthma quality of life questionnaire. Exercise capacity was measured using six minute walk test distance, peak expiratory flow rate by the mini wright peak flow meter and rate of perceived exertion by Borg’s scale.Results: Data analysis revealed that there was a statistical and clinical significant improvement in all the three domains of QOL in Group A when compared to Group B. However, Relaxation along with aerobic training and aerobic training alone both had equal effects in improving six minute walk test distance, peak expiratory flow rate and rate of perceived exertion in Group B.Conclusions: Thus it can be concluded that in asthmatic children with mild to moderate severity, a 12 week protocol of Jacobson’s relaxation along with aerobic training should be in cooperated for better results.
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Wermter, B. "Low-cost-implementation of patient safety integrating highly realistic paediatric life support courses (EPLS-ERC) in cardiopulmonary exercise testing laboratory as training center." Resuscitation 81, no. 2 (December 2010): S112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.09.455.
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Samsir, Md Safwan, Rahimah Zakaria, Salmi Abdul Razak, Mohamed Saat Ismail, Mohd Zulkifli Abdul Rahim, Chia-Shu Lin, Nik Mohammad Faez Nik Osman, Mohammad Afiq Asri, Nor Haslina Mohd, and Asma Hayati Ahmad. "Six Months Guided Exercise Therapy Improves Motor Abilities and White Matter Connectivity in Children with Cerebral Palsy." Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 27, no. 5 (October 27, 2020): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/mjms2020.27.5.9.
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Background: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) provides the state of putative connectivity from lesioned areas to other brain areas and is potentially beneficial to monitor intervention outcomes. This study assessed the effect of a 6 months guided exercise therapy on motor abilities and white matter diffusivity in the brains of cerebral palsy (CP) children. Methods: This is a single arm pre- and post-test research design involving 10 spastic CP children, aged 8–18 years and whose Gross Motor Function Classification System Expanded and Revised (GMFCS-E & R) at least Level 21 with the ability to ambulate independently. They were recruited from Paediatric Neurology Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) from December 2015–December 2016. All participants underwent 6 months of therapist-guided exercise session comprising progressive strength training at a frequency of twice a week, 1 h duration per session. The effect of exercise on motor abilities was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measures (GMFM)-88. Six out of the 10 children consented for dMRI. Probabilistic tractography of the corticospinal tract (CST) was performed to determine the connectivity index of the tracts pre- and post-intervention. Results: All the participants displayed statistically significant increment in GMFM88 scores pre- to post-exercise intervention. This improvement was concurrent with increased connectivity index in the CST of upper limbs and lower limbs in the brain of these children. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that 6 months guided exercise therapy improves motor abilities of CP children concurrent with strengthening the connectivities of the motor pathways in the brain.
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Donoso, M. A., M. T. Muñoz-Calvo, V. Barrios, G. Garrido, F. Hawkins, and J. Argente. "Increased circulating adiponectin levels and decreased leptin/soluble leptin receptor ratio throughout puberty in female ballet dancers: association with body composition and the delay in puberty." European Journal of Endocrinology 162, no. 5 (May 2010): 905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-09-0874.
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IntroductionBallet dancers (BDs) have a negative energy balance related to physical training that results in alterations in body composition, sexual development, and adipokine secretion. Our aims were to study anthropometric parameters, body composition, and their relationship with adipokines throughout pubertal development.Subjects and methodsWe carried out a prospective follow-up study of 22 female Caucasian BDs (Tanner II stage) followed throughout puberty. Nutritional status was determined by measurement of height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). We calculated growth velocity, bone maturity, and body composition at Tanner stages II, III, and V by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Circulating leptin, adiponectin, and soluble leptin receptor (sObR) levels were determined.ResultsBDs presented a delay in skeletal maturation during puberty, without affectation of final height. Energy intake was deficient according to their physical exercise, and they had a delay of 1 year in the mean age of menarche. Leptin levels were decreased, whereas sObR and adiponectin levels were increased throughout puberty. The percentage of trunk fat, total fat mass, and fat of the extremities was decreased throughout the study period (P<0.01). Lean mass was increased in the lower extremities, and bone mineral density was normal.ConclusionA negative energy balance together with maintained physical exercise induced modifications in body composition in BDs. Changes in leptin and adiponectin levels appear to be more related to total fat content than to BMI. Furthermore, the onset and delayed progress of puberty may be related with an inadequate energy balance due to increased exercise.
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Takken, T., A. Giardini, T. Reybrouck, M. Gewillig, HH Hövels-Gürich, PE Longmuir, BW McCrindle, SM Paridon, and A. Hager. "Recommendations for physical activity, recreation sport, and exercise training in paediatric patients with congenital heart disease: a report from the Exercise, Basic & Translational Research Section of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, the European Congenital Heart and Lung Exercise Group, and the Association for European Paediatric Cardiology." European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 19, no. 5 (August 22, 2011): 1034–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741826711420000.
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Paipa-Galeano, Luis, César A. Bernal-Torres, Luís Mauricio Agudelo Otálora, Yavar Jarrah Nezhad, and Heither A. González-Blanco. "Key lessons to maintain continuous improvement: A case study of four companies." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 13, no. 1 (March 18, 2020): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2973.
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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the conditions under which continuous improvement practices are developed and to determine what success factors and barriers affect the sustainability of these practices in order to establish strategies that reduce the risk of failure of improvement proposals in companies.Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents a rigorous review of the success factors and barriers in the implementation of continuous improvement models in companies and a multiple case study in which four successful companies located in Bogota, Colombia, were compared using Bessant's maturity model.Findings: The results suggest the existence of systematic improvement processes in the four companies analysed in favour of the improvement of business competitiveness. After a convergence exercise between the success factors identified in the literature and the routines of the evaluation model used to identify the maturity of the companies in terms of improvement, five strategic fronts were identified to achieve sustainable improvement proposals:(1)have management commit to the improvement and guarantee resources, (2) define a methodology to implement, (3) facilitate and systematize the information on the interventions, (4) design training programs and incentives to encourage employee involvement, and (5) generate a verification and control system to provide real-time feedback on the progress of the improvement actions.Research limitations/implications: This research paper was limited by the analysis of four large Colombian companies, which did not allow the generalizability of findings. Therefore, the study offers interesting insights on the empirical evidence on the lessons learned from continuous improvement practices in order to support managers on better decision making and for the academics on better understanding continuous improvement drivers.Originality/value: The present investigation provides a conceptual framework for future studies related to the sustainability of continuous improvement in industry, approaching this topic from a theoretical and practical perspective.
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Rossmanith, Winfried G. "Neuroendocrine Blockade of the Reproductive Axis in Female Athletes." Endocrines 3, no. 4 (December 5, 2022): 765–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/endocrines3040063.
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This review aims at defining the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying the sport-induced restrictions of the reproductive axis in female athletes. Episodic gonadotropin release was found to be compromised, presumably a result of impaired hypothalamic pulsatile GnRH release. Any deviation from optimal gonadotropin release may result in a suboptimal function of the ovaries, leading to disorders of the menstrual cycle and ovulation. A whole spectrum of menstrual dysfunctions ranging from ovulatory eumenorrhea to luteal phase defects and amenorrhea has been reported in sportive women. As essential neuroendocrine factors underlying these observations, activation of the adrenal axis and altered central nervous neurotransmitter activity have been identified to transfer metabolic, nutritional, and stress signals into the hypothalamic GnRH release. The degree by which the neuroendocrine axis governing reproduction is impaired critically depends on the intensity and duration of exercise and the state of training. Other decisive factors may be energy expenditure and availability, nutritional components, and the maturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis when sport activity was initiated. In conclusion, the gradual cessation of reproductive function observed in female athletes may be interpreted as an adaptive mechanism in response to physical and psychological endurance during sport. This sport-induced restriction of reproductive capacity may serve as protection (endogenous contraception) to preserve a woman’s health.
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Canedo, Edna Dias, Ruyther Parente da Costa, Luis Henrique Vieira Amaral, Moramay Coutinho, Georges Daniel Amvame Nze, and Rafael Timoteo de Sousa Junior. "Proposal of an Implementation Methodology of ICT Processes." Information 10, no. 11 (October 23, 2019): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10110327.
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The challenge to enhance the use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in the Brazilian Federal Public Administration involves not only technological issues but also staff training, adaptation to new culture, and understanding of processes. Furthermore, knowledge must be well aligned and articulated so that ICT resources are applied efficiently and effectively, meeting the needs of society, ensuring the provision of quality public service and, above all, providing better conditions for the exercise of functions performed by employees. This article presents an account of the implementation of the ICT processes in a State Company based on the ICT Governance Kit proposed for the Secretariat of Coordination and Governance of State Companies. During the execution of the case study, we surveyed the initial diagnosis of the processes performed by the State, as well as brainstormings and semi-structured interviews to help the implementation process. The diagnosis made it possible to identify the level of maturity of the existing ICT processes in the State and to verify if they were being carried out in the best possible way. The driving dynamics worked as a pilot, allowing the exchange of knowledge between teams, improvements suggestion in some processes of the Kit and the definition of a proposed methodology for the implementation of the Kit that could serve as a model to be used by other States which will implement the Kit. Lastly, the processes contemplated in the Kit were considered adherent by the execution team (State employees specialists in ICT Governance who participated in the implementation process), and the suggested artifacts were validated.
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Juknevičienė, Rita. "Benchmarking performances of L2 spoken Lithuanian produced by young learners." Taikomoji kalbotyra 17 (December 12, 2022): 137–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/taikalbot.2022.17.8.
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The Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), widely recognized as one of the most important documents in foreign language teaching, defines the levels of communicative language proficiency. The common points of reference are primarily meant to assist foreign language teachers and test developers striving to adhere to a unified understanding of CEFR levels. Yet it is not uncommon among practitioners to claim a particular level of a task, text or sample of learner performance drawing merely on their individual experience and intuition, with only limited knowledge of the original descriptor scales. The main purpose of this paper is to describe general procedures for relating foreign language tests and learner performances to the CEFR as they are prescribed by the Association of Language Testers in Europe (ALTE). The five stages of the linking process are familiarisation, specification, standardisation training and benchmarking, standard setting and validation. While the full implementaion of the linking process is a complex undertaking mostly applied in the context of high stakes examinations, certain stages of the linking process could be implemented by individual language schools and programmes. Benchmarking is one of such stages. It involves identification of illustrative learner performances for different proficiency levels. This is a stage which also has its relevance in daily teaching practice and could be easily incorporated in routine assessment procedures thus increasing foreign language teachers' awareness of CEFR levels. Therefore the discussion of the formal linking procedures in this paper is followed by a demonstration of an exercise in benchmarking. It is meant to acquaint the Lithuanian readers with the complexity of the linking process and encourage a more principled approach to level allocations. The exercise in alignment with CEFR level decribed here involves L2 spoken Lithuanian produced by five foreign learners of young age. Sample performances were taken from a corpus of L2 Lithuanian compiled within the XXX project. Since the subjects are children of 11–12 years, another important challenge in the alignment with the CEFR is children's maturity and the necessary adaptation of CEFR descriptors for young learners. Qualitative analysis of five learner samples offers a number of insights into practicalities of linking procedures and discusses ways to ensure reliability and objectivity.
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Fridel, Marina, Serena Broccoli, Erica d'Anchera, and Maurizio Iaia. "Il modello di gestione del bambino sovrappeso e obeso in Regione Emilia-Romagna: primi risultati." Medico e Bambino pagine elettroniche 25, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53126/mebxxv026.
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Child and adolescent obesity is a complex, multifactorial but also largely preventable disease; as a consequence its management needs a multilevel and integrated approach to be successful. This article describes the Preventive Diagnostic Therapeutic Assistance Pathways (PPDTA) for children with overweight and obesity delivered by trained multidisciplinary teams in the Emilia-Romagna Region. The regional “Guidelines for early detection, assessment and treatment of childhood obesity” were launched in 2013 (DGR 783/2013) and in 2017 WHO/Europe mentioned them as good practice and Country example. Training in childhood obesity prevention and management was delivered for all the primary care paediatricians (PCPs) and the members of the multidisciplinary teams. The PPDTA is based on three progressive levels: Level 1: PCPs. Level 2: a multidisciplinary team consisting of paediatricians, sports medicine doctors, exercise specialists, dieticians and psychologists experienced in paediatric obesity defines the clinical condition of children referred by the PCPs and runs the lifestyle change multi-component interventions. Level 3: is carried out by specialized clinicians in the hospital setting on a multidisciplinary basis for children with more severe and complicated obesity. In case of therapeutic failure, the PCP refers the child to the second-level multidisciplinary team. The second-level assessment and intervention are conducted at public health departments or at public health centres. During treatment, each team member uses the same tools, such as motivational interviewing for encouraging behaviour change. A standard evaluation framework is in place to assess the quality and effectiveness of the weight multidisciplinary management services, with three types of regional evaluation indicators: anthropometrics, lifestyle changes (eating habits, sedentary and physical activity) and equity. An improvement in weight status was observed in both children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Interventions targeting at specific behaviours, such as increasing fruit and vegetable intake, habitually eating a balanced breakfast and reducing sedentary behaviour have been found effective as well.
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Norambuena, Yessenia, Lorena Winkler, Rocío Guevara, Pamela Lavados, Manuel Monrroy, Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo, Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela, and Rubén Gajardo-Burgos. "5-week suspension training program increase physical performance of youth judokas: a pilot study (Un programa de entrenamiento de suspensión de 5 semanas incrementa el rendimiento físico en jóvenes judocas: un estudio piloto)." Retos, no. 39 (June 1, 2020): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.78624.
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Abstract. Introduction: Judo is a high-intensity sport, characterized by a series of acyclic movements that require high technical mastery during combat. It was previously shown that growth of components of physical function is related with an increased probability successful competitive performance. Suspension training is effective at improving components of physical function. Objective: Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the changes in physical performance traits of youth judokas after a 5-week suspension-training programme. Methods: Ten judokas (age, 15.4 ± 2.8 y) completed a 5-week suspension training routine into their normal training schedule. The difficulty and intensity of the exercises were increased each week. Before and after the intervention athletes were assessed in the single-leg horizontal jumping, Sorensen test, sit-and-reach, Y balance, prone instability and handgrip strength tests. Results: Significant improvements (p<.05; Cohen d effect size ≥.2) were observed in the single-leg horizontal jumping (right leg: 137 ± 23.3 vs 164 ± 22.0; left leg: 131 ± 24.1 vs 169 ± 26.5 cm), Sorensen (134 ± 43.4 vs 195 ± 46.7 s), sit-and-reach (42.1 ± 8.2 vs 46.2 ± 7.5 cm), leg Y balance test (right leg: 91.3 ± 6.6 vs 101 ± 7.6%; left leg: 91.2 ± 4.8 vs 103 ± 6.6%) and arm Y balance test (right arm: 80.9 ± 9.2 vs 89.3 ± 8.4; left arm: 81.4 ± 8.6 vs 90.0 ± 9.6%) Conclusions: Lower-body muscle power, muscle endurance, flexibility, lower-body and upper-body balance physical performance traits were improved after a 5-week training period in youth judokas that replaced a part of their regular judo training with a suspension training routine.
5-week suspension training program increase physical performance of youth judokas: a pilot studyUn programa de entrenamiento de suspensión de 5 semanas incrementa el rendimiento físico en jóvenes judocas: un estudio piloto*Yessenia Norambuena, *Lorena Winkler, *Rocío Guevara, *Pamela Llavados, *Manuel Monrroy, **Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo, ***Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela, *Rubén Gajardo-Burgos*Universidad Austral de Chile (Chile), **Universidad de Los Lagos (Chile), ***Universidad Santo Tomás (Chile)
Abstract. Introduction: Judo is a high-intensity sport, characterized by a series of acyclic movements that require high technical mastery during combat. It was previously shown that growth of components of physical function is related with an increased probability successful competitive performance. Suspension training is effective at improving components of physical function. Objective: Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the changes in physical performance traits of youth judokas after a 5-week suspension-training programme. Methods: Ten judokas (age, 15.4 ± 2.8 y) completed a 5-week suspension training routine into their normal training schedule. The difficulty and intensity of the exercises were increased each week. Before and after the intervention athletes were assessed in the single-leg horizontal jumping, Sorensen test, sit-and-reach, Y balance, prone instability and handgrip strength tests. Results: Significant improvements (p<.05; Cohen d effect size e».2) were observed in the single-leg horizontal jumping (right leg: 137 ± 23.3 vs 164 ± 22.0; left leg: 131 ± 24.1 vs 169 ± 26.5 cm), Sorensen (134 ± 43.4 vs 195 ± 46.7 s), sit-and-reach (42.1 ± 8.2 vs 46.2 ± 7.5 cm), leg Y balance test (right leg: 91.3 ± 6.6 vs 101 ± 7.6%; left leg: 91.2 ± 4.8 vs 103 ± 6.6%) and arm Y balance test (right arm: 80.9 ± 9.2 vs 89.3 ± 8.4; left arm: 81.4 ± 8.6 vs 90.0 ± 9.6%) Conclusions: Lower-body muscle power, muscle endurance, flexibility, lower-body and upper-body balance physical performance traits were improved after a 5-week training period in youth judokas that replaced a part of their regular judo training with a suspension training routine.Key words: physical fitness; judo; sports injury; unstable surface training; plyometric exercise; combat sport; martial arts, maturity.
Resumen. Introducción: El judo es un deporte de alta intensidad, caracterizado por una serie de movimientos acíclicos con una alta maestría técnica durante el combate. Se ha demostrado previamente que el desarrollo de componentes de la función física se relaciona con una mayor probabilidad de rendimiento competitivo exitoso. El entrenamiento de suspensión es efectivo en mejorar los componentes de la función física. Objetivo: Determinar los cambios en el rendimiento físico en judocas jóvenes, después de un programa de entrenamiento de suspensión de 5 semanas. Método: Diez judocas (15.4 ± 2.8 años de edad) completaron un programa de entrenamiento de suspensión de 5 semanas dentro de su programación normal de entrenamiento. La dificultad e intensidad de los ejercicios se incrementó cada semana. Antes y después de la intervención se evaluó un salto horizontal monopodal, test de Sorensen, sit and reach, Y balance test de miembros inferiores y superiores, test de inestabilidad en prono y fuerza prensil. Resultados: Mejoras significativas (p<.05; Cohen d effect size e».2) fueron encontradas en salto horizontal monopodal (derecha: 137 ± 23.3 vs 164 ± 22.0; izquierda: 131 ± 24.1 vs 169 ± 26.5 cm), test de Sorensen (134 ± 43.4 vs 195 ± 46.7 s), sit-and-reach (42.1 ± 8.2 vs 46.2 ± 7.5 cm), Y balance test de miembros inferiores (derecha: 91.3 ± 6.6 vs 101 ± 7.6%; izquierda: 91.2 ± 4.8 vs 103 ± 6.6%) and Y balance test de miembros superiores (derecho: 80.9 ± 9.2 vs 89.3 ± 8.4; izquierdo: 81.4 ± 8.6 vs 90.0 ± 9.6%). Conclusiones: La potencia de miembros inferiores, resistencia muscular, flexibilidad y balance de miembros inferiores y superiores mejoró después de un programa de entrenamiento de suspensión de 5 semanas en judocas jóvenes.Palabras claves: aptitud física; judo; lesión deportiva; entrenamiento en superficie inestable; ejercicio pliométrico; deportes de combate; artes marciales, madurez.