Relevant bibliographies by topics / Paediatric

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Paediatric'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Paediatric"

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Faulkner, Bethany, and M. Begoña Delgado-Charro. "Cardiovascular Paediatric Medicines Development: Have Paediatric Investigation Plans Lost Heart?" Pharmaceutics 12, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12121176.

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This work aimed to establish whether paediatric needs in cardiovascular diseases have been met by paediatric investigation plans (PIPs) produced since the development of the European Union Paediatric Regulation in 2007. The European Medicines Agency repository was searched for patterns in the development of paediatric medicines in general. Next, positive PIPs related to cardiovascular diseases were scrutinized for outcomes and compared to specific paediatric cardiovascular needs. In total, 1866 PIPs were identified with 12% corresponding to decisions taken for cardiovascular medicines. However, despite this therapeutic area having the greatest number of overall PIPs, only 14% of established needs in paediatric cardiovascular diseases were addressed by PIPs with positive decisions. Further, 71.9% of PIPs with decisions in cardiovascular disease corresponded to full waivers, so the product would not be studied in paediatrics. Despite the progress found in overall numbers of PIPs published, cardiovascular products are still commonly used off-label in paediatrics. Particularly, there is a need to develop products to treat heart failure and hypertension, two areas with clear unmet clinical needs in paediatrics. A case study on valsartan showed that industry, regulators, health technology assessment bodies, and prescribers should work together to reduce off-label use of paediatric cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
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Sewell, Jillian R. "Paediatrics and paediatric surgery." Medical Journal of Australia 176, no. 1 (January 2002): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04265.x.

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Bell, R. A. F. "Bailliere's Clinical Paediatrics: Paediatric Gastroenterology." Archives of Disease in Childhood 74, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.74.3.275-b.

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Lim, Andrew, Pradeep Sharma, Oleg Stepanov, and Venkatesh Pilla Reddy. "Application of Modelling and Simulation Approaches to Predict Pharmacokinetics of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies in Pediatric Population." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 5 (May 20, 2023): 1552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15051552.

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Ethical regulations and limited paediatric participants are key challenges that contribute to a median delay of 6 years in paediatric mAb approval. To overcome these barriers, modelling and simulation methodologies have been adopted to design optimized paediatric clinical studies and reduce patient burden. The classical modelling approach in paediatric pharmacokinetic studies for regulatory submissions is to apply body weight-based or body surface area-based allometric scaling to adult PK parameters derived from a popPK model to inform the paediatric dosing regimen. However, this approach is limited in its ability to account for the rapidly changing physiology in paediatrics, especially in younger infants. To overcome this limitation, PBPK modelling, which accounts for the ontogeny of key physiological processes in paediatrics, is emerging as an alternative modelling strategy. While only a few mAb PBPK models have been published, PBPK modelling shows great promise demonstrating a similar prediction accuracy to popPK modelling in an Infliximab paediatric case study. To facilitate future PBPK studies, this review consolidated comprehensive data on the ontogeny of key physiological processes in paediatric mAb disposition. To conclude, this review discussed different use-cases for pop-PK and PBPK modelling and how they can complement each other to increase confidence in pharmacokinetic predictions.
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Završnik, Jernej, Peter Kokol, Stefano del Torso, and Helena Blažun Vošner. "Citation context and impact of ‘sleeping beauties’ in paediatric research." Journal of International Medical Research 44, no. 6 (November 11, 2016): 1212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060516672129.

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Objectives ‘Sleeping beauties’, i.e. publications that are not cited for a long while, present interesting findings in science. This study analysed the citation trends of sleeping beauties in paediatric research. Methods The study used bibliometric software to analyse the papers citing sleeping beauties in paediatric research, to understand the context in which paediatric sleeping beauties were finally cited and the impact of these sleeping beauties on paediatric research. Results Two paediatric sleeping beauties, addressing medical homes and the transition from paediatric to adult health care, respectively, awakened in response to organizational needs. Both presented novel concepts of paediatric service organization that became important because of an increased need for optimization of services. Conclusion All sleeping beauties bring new knowledge that becomes important only after several years. Paediatric sleeping beauties exhibited unique characteristics; however, their presence in paediatric research shows that knowledge acquisition in paediatrics resembles that in other disciplines.
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Kinsella, Anna. "4 Development of a workbook to guide pre-registration pharmacists through paediatric pharmacy training." Archives of Disease in Childhood 103, no. 2 (January 19, 2018): e2.34-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-314585.4.

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AimTo improve pre-registration pharmacist training and enthuse students in the area of paediatrics, within a teaching hospital.BackgroundThe pre-registration pharmacist training programme within the hospital allocates each student two weeks within paediatrics, which in the past has been poorly structured. During this time, the pre-registration pharmacist spent time shadowing pharmacists and accompanying them on ward visits. On occasions it was not always possible for the pre-registration pharmacist to accompany a pharmacist. In addition, some key paediatric medical conditions did not always present during their two weeks.MethodTo facilitate a more comprehensive training package a workbook, specific to paediatric clinical pharmacy was created. The booklet also contains brief introductory information about the wards and paediatric pharmacists, aims and objectives, and a reading list. The workbook is intended to be used as a ‘self-directed learning tool’, identifying clinical areas that the pre-registration student is expected to have a basic knowledge about, to help them prepare them for their exam and to give a good basic grounding in paediatrics. Different learning methods are used throughout the booklet to aid learning.The workbook includes, all with a paediatric perspective, common illnesses, immunisation, drug history taking, counselling children/parents, role of different members of the multi-disciplinary team, paediatric reference sources, calculations, renal function, pharmacokinetics in children, fluid prescriptions, use of unlicensed medicines in children, suitability of formulations, neonatal pharmacy and total parenteral nutrition.The students were briefed about the booklet at the start of their two weeks in paediatrics, and a discussion about progress at midway and at the end.Feedback was requested from each student (n=15), with a view to improving the booklet and enhancing their time spent within paediatric pharmacy.During the two weeks the students spent time in ‘general paediatrics’ and with specialist pharmacists, in tertiary paediatric services, experiencing the more complex pharmaceutical needs of these patients and the role of the specialist pharmacist.ResultsFeedback was received from eight students (53%). All of them had enjoyed the placement, found the booklet helpful in directing their learning and using their time productively, when they were unable to accompany a pharmacist. Of those who responded, all commented that the booklet was a novel idea not used within other clinical areas within the Trust, and that it should be considered to enhance training. In addition, the paediatric pharmacists agreed unanimously that the booklet has been an asset in assisting the training of the students.ConclusionThe development of a workbook, to enhance the training of pre-registration pharmacists in the clinical area of paediatrics, has been very well received by the students and pharmacists. In response to feedback, it is being further developed and may be used as template for use in other clinical areas within the Trust.
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Redman, Melody Grace, Davide Carzedda, Nicola Jay, Simon J. Clark, and Marie Rogers. "Searching for the true attrition rate of UK paediatric trainees." Archives of Disease in Childhood 106, no. 9 (February 12, 2021): 903–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-321415.

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ObjectiveTo quantitatively analyse the number of doctors leaving the paediatric specialty training (ST) programme in the UK, to assist with evidence-based workforce planning.DesignData were sought on those leaving the UK paediatrics training programme between 2014 and 2019 from Heads of Schools of Paediatrics and Freedom of Information Act requests.SettingRetrospective data analysis.Outcome measuresOverall attrition rate, attrition rate across level of training, attrition rate across geographical area, recorded reason for leaving.ResultsAll results must be interpreted with caution due to limitations in record keeping and analysis. The annual attrition rate across all ST levels between 2014 and 2019 is estimated at 3.7%–4.2% (ie, 749–845 trainees may have left the paediatric training programme over 2014–2019). No reason for leaving was recorded for three-quarters of individuals, around 630 doctors. Of those leaving paediatrics, significantly more (χ², p=0.015) did so at ST3 (20.3%) versus the next highest training year, ST2 (13.6%).ConclusionsThis project seems to demonstrate worryingly poor record-keeping of the true attrition rate of paediatric trainees by organisations responsible for workforce planning, including Health Education England, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health and individual paediatric schools across the UK. To allow evidence-based workforce planning for the benefit of UK children, it is vital that accurate records on trainees who leave the training programme are kept and shared across the UK.
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Haylı, Çiğdem Müge, Dilek Demir Kösem, and Neşe Ataman Bor. "Investigation of the impact of paediatric hospices on the quality of care of paediatric nurses." International Journal of Palliative Nursing 30, no. 1 (January 2, 2024): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2024.30.1.20.

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Background: The establishment of paediatric hospices improves the quality of care of paediatric nurses. Aim: To examine the effect of establishing paediatric hospices on the quality of care of paediatric nurses. Methods: Data was collected between 22 October 2022 and 25 February 2023. An online survey method was used to collect sociodemographic data and paediatric hospice data for paediatric nurses and a scale was used to determine the opinions of nurses working in the field of paediatrics. A total of 300 paediatric nurses who voluntarily participated in the collection of the research data were selected with the convenience sampling method, with written consent. SPSS 26.0 data analysis programme was used in the statistical analysis of the data obtained in the study, and Independent Sample t-test and ANOVA analysis were used in the analysis of the data. Findings: Of the participating paediatric nurses, 60.9% were women, 39.1% were men, 41.1% were married, 65.9% were between the ages of 22–33, and 71.6% worked at a paediatric hospice. There was no significant difference in paediatric hospice scale scores according to sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, marital status, education level and the health institution worked by paediatric nurses (p>.05). There was a significant difference in paediatric hospice scale scores according to hospice information. It was determined that the establishment of paediatric hospices had an effect on the quality of care (p<.01). Conclusion: Paediatric nurses felt that the establishment of paediatric hospices would improve the quality of care of children at the end of life. It is recommended that applications and studies on the establishment and structuring of paediatric hospices should be carried out by expanding the samples, not only in the field of paediatric nursing, but also in all nursing fields.
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ElBeltagi, Mohamed N., Verna Wall, and Laure Marignol. "Planning target volume (PTV) margin practice patterns in adults and paediatrics among the Paediatric Radiation Oncology Society (PROS) members: an international survey." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 17, no. 4 (June 21, 2018): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396918000146.

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AbstractAimEvolving data are showing the need of considering smaller planning target volume (PTV) margin in paediatrics compared with adults treated for the same body site. This study proposed to evaluate the current patterns of practice regarding the PTV margin in paediatric patients compared with adult patients through an international survey.Materials and methodsA four-item questionnaire was created to address the PTV margins for paediatrics and adults as part of a comprehensive survey. International Paediatric Radiation Oncology Society (PROS) members were selected to partake and were contacted via email.ResultsIn total, 43 responded to the survey. The majority of the responders have written guidelines for PTV margin while the majority of those who have guidelines do not have separate guidelines for paediatrics. The implemented PTV margin for paediatric patients was in the majority 3–5 mm for the head region and 5–10 mm for the torso region and the difference from the PTV margin implemented in adults was not statistically significant.ConclusionThe majority of responders employ a series of site-specific PTV margin protocols that are applied to both adults and paediatrics, and do not take into consideration patient age or size. These results highlight the need of a separate policy for PTV margin in adults and paediatrics in every institution.
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Salah, Samer, Yat Hang To, Taleb Ismaeel, Omar Khzouz, Iyad Yasin Sultan, Sameer Yaser, Anoud Zaid Alnsour, et al. "Salvage chemotherapy using irinotecan and temozolamide in pediatric and adult populations with relapsed Ewing sarcoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e22500-e22500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e22500.

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e22500 Background: Irinotecan and temozolomide (IT) is a widely used regimen for relapsed Ewing Sarcoma (ES), although studies are largely limited to the paediatric population. We aimed to compare the tolerability and efficacy of IT between paediatric and adult patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed paediatric (< 18 years) and adult patients treated with salvage IT chemotherapy at two institutions from March, 2010 to June, 2018. Toxicities were graded according to common terminology criteria of adverse events (CTCAE v. 4.03) and compared using the Chi Square test. Responses were interpreted by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). The Kaplan-Meyer method was used to estimate progression free survival (PFS); survival comparisons were carried out by the Log-rank test. Results: Fifty-three patients were included ( n= 16 paediatric; n= 37 adult). Median age was 20 (range, 5 – 45 years). A total 236 IT cycles were delivered (median = 4, range:1-7). IT was given as second-line ( n= 34; 64%) or ≥third-line ( n= 19; 36%). There was no difference in ≥grade 3/4 haematologic toxicity between paediatric and adult patients (31% vs. 35% respectively; p= 0.76), whilst febrile neutropenia was observed in two (4%) patients (one adults and one paediatric). The frequency of diarrhoea of any grade was similar (38% in each group). Of 43 patients assessable for response, 12 (28%) had objective response (1 CR, 11 PR), 19 (44%) had disease progression and 12 (28%) had stable disease. Objective response rate did not differ between the two groups (36% in paediatrics vs. 25% in adults; p = 0.47). Median PFS was superior in paediatrics vs. adults (7.4 vs. 2.1 months, p = 0.001). Superior PFS for the paediatric population was observed in both, the second-line (6.2 vs. 2.2 months; p= 0.060) and ≥third-line setting (7.4 vs. 1.2 months, p= 0.014). Conclusions: IT is an effective salvage regimen for ES, with favourable toxicity and equally observed objective responses in paediatric and adult populations. The observed superior PFS for the paediatric cohort requires further confirmation in a larger prospective study.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Paediatric"

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Sylvester, Dianne. "Genes underpinning predisposition to childhood cancer." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22458.

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The genetic changes underpinning cancer predisposition in children are not clearly defined and warrant further research, as identification of a genetic contribution to a patient’s disease can be beneficial for patients and their families. With technological advances, it is now possible to discover a broad spectrum of genetic changes implicated in cancer predisposition by sequencing the genome. An analytical review of six publications utilising germline genome sequencing in paediatric oncology found that these studies differed in the selected childhood cancer diagnoses and the genes considered for interpretation, resulting in differences in the proportions of childhood cancer patients that were reported to carry clinically relevant pathogenic germline variants. In this study, childhood cancer patients that presented with phenotypes indicative of a genetic susceptibility to cancer, such as multiple cancer diagnoses, a family history of cancer and/or a genetic diagnosis, underwent germline exome sequencing. Sequencing data were analysed for rare germline variants in over 1000 cancer predisposition, cancer associated and DNA repair genes, that were predicted to cause a loss of function or to be deleterious. Almost one quarter of childhood cancer patients with features suggestive of a genetic predisposition to cancer were found to carry pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline variant/s in 12 known cancer predisposition genes. A rare variant burden analysis of 31 autosomal dominant cancer predisposition genes found that deleterious germline variants were significantly enriched in a cohort of 63 childhood cancer patients compared to a cohort of 1107 genetically matched healthy aged controls. Novel germline variants not previously associated with cancer predisposition were also detected in 10 genes in 16 childhood cancer patients. This study has expanded our understanding of cancer predisposition in children, by discovering the diagnostic potential of sequencing patients with defined phenotypic features, and by linking pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline variants in known predisposition genes with new cancer diagnoses. Ultimately, by combining the analysis of family pedigrees with functional gene studies and data-sharing, the significance of novel germline variants associated with the onset of cancer in childhood will be established. As more childhood cancer predisposition genes are identified and characterised, screening processes may be more routinely incorporated into paediatric clinical care.
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Kamath, S. V. "Inflammation in paediatric asthma." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269034.

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Do, Chau Giang. "Paediatric tuberculosis in Vietnam." Thesis, Open University, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701361.

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There are approximately one million cases of tuberculosis (TB) in children each year. Despite this, there has been a chronic neglect of research into diagnosis, treatment and prevention of paediatric TB. The difficulties in confirming a diagnosis and the scattered, nature of cases have hampered research efforts. In the last decade, efforts have been made to systematically address the evidence gaps for paediatric TB diagnosis and management and to advocate for improved funding and resource allocation. Despite the successful nationwide implementation of Directly Observed Therapy Short course (DOTS), it is only recently that policymakers of the Vietnamese National TB control Program (NTP) have begun to consider TB in children. The aims of this thesis are to understand the epidemiology of TB among Vietnamese children including trends in disease, to evaluate the efficiency of a novel technique (GeneXpert) in diagnosis of TB and to identify risk factors for treatment of lost-to- follow-up in paediatric TB cases in Vietnam, a resource-limited, high-burden setting.
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Boss, Patricia M., and res cand@acu edu au. "Indicators of Satisfaction & Success For a Paediatric Outreach Nursing Service in Metropolitan Sydney, NSW." Australian Catholic University. School of Nursing, 2005. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp118.25102006.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the indicators of customer satisfaction and service success of a newly established paediatric outreach nursing service. Referring agents and care recipients were both consumers of the paediatric outreach nursing service. Both groups of consumers were surveyed to determine their satisfaction with the service delivery. Two satisfaction survey tools were developed to measure customer satisfaction. The tools were piloted and refined prior to distributing them. Both tools had a series of closed-ended questions and 3 open-ended questions. Eight service indicators were developed. These were designed to test the effectiveness of the service provided. The service indicators were piloted over two periods of three months and then modified based on the findings of the pilot period. The Paediatric Outreach Service (POS) is a positive service model for health care delivery. The survey results indicated that stakeholders were generally satisfied with the service delivery. When measured against service indicators that were developed for POS, the service performance was above average, with some opportunity to improve practice. Underpinned by a family-centered framework, POS has the capacity to empower children and their families in the planning and implementation of a management plan for the child’s illness. Such empowerment may lead families to practice better healthcare, develop better health-seeking practices and ultimately lead to healthier children. The results from this study has implications for nursing practice. The data obtained from this study may be useful to service providers considering commencing a paediatric outreach nursing service. Data may also be useful for existing service providers to use in order to review the aspects that consumers value against the service they currently provide. Keywords ambulatory care; paediatrics; home-nursing; community; evaluation; satisfaction; success; indicators
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Goswami, Madan Gopal. "An approach towards the development of an expert system for paediatric problem domain." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1039.

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Jaffray, E. C. "Characterisation of paediatric odontogenic bacteraemia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444663/.

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Transient, asymptomatic bacteraemia can occur following dental extraction. Such events may lead to the development of serious systemic disease including infective endocarditis and abscesses of the brain and other organs. The aims of this PhD were to establish the prevalence, intensity, duration and microbiota involved in dental bacteraemia. Blood was sampled from 500 children before and after extraction post-extraction samples were taken at randomly allocated time intervals ranging from 10 seconds to 1 hour following treatment. Post-extraction bacteraemia was found to be most prevalent at 1 minute post-extraction with 76% of samples being culture-positive. Bacteraemia was low grade, with greatest intensity at 1 minute post-extraction with a range of 0.17 to 40.83 cfu/mL detected. The majority of isolates recovered were typical oral microbiota, most prevalent were streptococci and Actinomyces spp. Bacteraemia was judged to be resolved between 7.5 and 15 minutes post- extraction. Identification of streptococci, especially those related to the mitis group species proved difficult. Streptococci were identified using a polyphasic approach, including comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing, biochemical testing and the development of a sodA PCR-RFLP method. The sodA PCR-RFLP method was found to identify 71.7% of the isolates to species level compared to only 55.1% using 16S sequencing. Two hundred and twenty eight isolates from 121 subjects were assayed for resistance to five antibiotics: ampicillin, erythromycin, penicillin, tetracycline and vancomycin. Thirty one percent showed resistance to at least 1 antibiotic at the break-point concentrations used, with some isolates displaying resistance to 4 of the antibiotics tested. The use of molecular techniques for investigation of bacteraemia was evaluated. Detection limits for Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates and the effect of inherent PCR inhibitors were investigated. It is hoped that this work will promote the understanding of bacteraemia following dental extraction and provide more information to clinicians assessing the risk of focal infection.
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Mårtenson, Wikström Eva. "Information exchange in paediatric care." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Omvårdnad, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-18007.

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Information exchange is an essential component for all involved in the paediatric care encounter. Despite this, most of the research about information exchange concerns adults and the significance of the child’s existence in the encounter have not been given sufficient attention. Therefore, the overall aims of this thesis were twofold. Firstly, the aim was to identify, describe and generate concepts in information exchange between minors, parents/guardians and health care professionals in paediatric care situations. Secondly, the intention was to formulate a theoretical construction, a theory, of the phenomenon of information exchange in paediatric care situations. This thesis is based on four studies. In studies I, II and III grounded theory was used according to Glaser and data have been analyzed using the constant comparative analysis method. Data have been collected through observations and medical records (I, II and III) and also with additional follow-up interviews (III). In study IV, at first a qualitative content analysis of Løgstrup’s ethical demand was conducted and, second, a simultaneous concept analysis of the findings from studies I, II and III and the findings from the qualitative content analysis was carried out. There were a total of 67 participants in the three observational studies: 28 minors (I), 24 parents/guardians (II) and 15 health care professionals (III), who exchanged information in different paediatric care encounters. The information exchange interaction process was resolved by the minors “balancing the circumstances” (I), the parents/guardians used “firm handling” (II) and the health care professionals were “sharing and contributing the responsibility” (III). The qualitative content analysis of Løgstrup’s ethical demand provided the mediation and the social norms. The simultaneous concept analysis finally gave the advanced outcome to intergrade, which means to merge gradually with another through a continuous series of intermediates. At the same time as we intergrade in paediatric care, we protect the totality of minors, recognize the dependency of the parents/guardians and the social interplay by the health care professionals, the information exchange is improved. This thesis emphasizes the importance of health care professionals’ communication skills and the need for education and practice in this topic, in order to improve the information exchange with minors and their parents/guardians from an ethical viewpoint. The theory intergrade explains how this could be applied and implemented.
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Rashed, Asia Nasser. "International paediatric drug safety studies." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569067.

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There are limited data on incidences of drug related problems (DRPs) including adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in children. The aim of this thesis is to increase knowledge of the incidence of ADRs and other DRPs and to enhance the understanding of risk factors for ADRs across several countries. This should facilitate the development of appropriate prevention strategies. Two large prospective cohort studies were conducted; ADVISE" recruited patients from five countries to investigate the incidence and characteristics of ADRs. Multivariable regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors associated with ADRs in hospitalised children. The second study investigated DRPs in children attending the A&E department and/or admitted to a hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the UK. ADRs and other DRPs were identified using intensive chart review. In the ADVISE study, 1278 children were included (Australia n=149, Germany n=376, UK n=313, HK n=143, Malaysia n=300). The overall ADR incidence was 18.5% (95% Cl, 16.3- 20.9). There was significant variation in incidence between countries (p<0.001), the highest was in the UK (34.9%). The use of ~five low risk drugs per patient or ~three high risk drugs (e.g. opioids) were strong predictors for ADRs (OR 4.7,95% CI, 2.4-9.3; OR 6.5,95% CI, 2.7-16.0; respectively, p<0.001). In the second study, 990 children were included (KSA n=507, UK n=483). The overall incidence of DRPs was 39.2% (95% Cl, 36.1-42.3). Incidence was highest in the paediatric intensive care units (59.7%; 95% CI, 47.0-71.5). Dosing problems were the most frequent DRP (n=303, 55.5%).80.0% (n=437) of DRPs were preventable. Using standardised methods in both studies enabled comparison of incidences of ADRs and DRPs between countries. The variation between countries was considered to be mainly due to differences in treatment strategies. These studies indicated that improvements to current procedures could reduce DRPs and hence improve patients' health. Also, a focus on paediatric pharmacology and pharmacotherapy within paediatric medical education is important to improve prescribing practices and paediatric patient safety.
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Lugg, Fiona. "The management of paediatric gastroenteritis." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/64966/.

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Paediatric gastroenteritis [GE] is a common and important condition that causes a considerable burden on the NHS, the families and the patient. Despite this, the evidence for effective management is limited. Only a proportion of patients (and parents) consult, but we know little about their reasons for consulting and how they manage the illness at home. Using a mix of methods this project aimed to explore the current management of paediatric gastroenteritis in the United Kingdom, focussing specifically on home management and primary care consultations. A prospective case series was designed in which primary care clinicians within Wales identified and invited paediatric patients (and their parent) to take part in the study. Baseline information was recorded for all eligible patients. Parents of eligible patients were invited to take part in a qualitative telephone interview as well as being identified through social media. Clinicians were approached to take part in a separate qualitative study. Anonymous patient records of paediatric patients presenting to primary care between 2003 and 2012 were extracted from CPRD Results show a decrease in consultation rates over 10 years however hospital referrals and stool sample requests have increased. Parents’ attitudes toward GE management impacted on their actions around prevention of illness and transmission. The variety of beliefs around causes of and threats from GE also influenced their actions. Reported clinical decisions and advice to parents were often not in line with current guidance from expert bodies. Many clinicians were not aware of guidelines on managing paediatric GE which might account for some of the variability in their management. Variation can ultimately result in inappropriate management and thus increase the burden of illness on both families and the NHS. Parent and clinician beliefs need to be addressed in order to ensure management of GE is appropriate and not detrimental to patients.
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Whitfield, Karen M. "Sedation in paediatric intensive care." Thesis, Aston University, 2002. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/11055/.

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This study consisted of two stages. Stage 1 investigated the reproducibility and practicality of two observational sedation assessment scales for use in critically ill children. The two scales were different in design, the first being simple in design requiring a single assessment of the patient. The second was more complex in design requiring assessment of five patient parameters to obtain an overall sedation score. It was established that nursing staff preferred the second, more complex sedation scale mainly because it was perceived to give a more accurate assessment of level of sedation and anxiety rather than merely level of sedation. Stage 2 investigated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam in critically ill children. 52 children, aged between 0 and 18 years were recruited to the study and 303 blood samples taken to analyse midazolam and its metabolites, 1-hydroxymidazolam (1-OH) and 4-hydroxymidazolam (4-OH). A significant correlation was found between midazolam plasma concentration and sedative effect (r=0.598, p=0.01). It was found that a midazolam plasma concentration of 223ng/ml (±31.9) achieved a satisfactory level of sedation. Only a poor correlation was found between dose of midazolam and plasma concentration of midazolam. Similarly only a poor correlation was found between sedative effect and dose of midazolam. Clearance of midazolam was found to be 6.3ml/kg/min (±0.36), which is lower than that reported in healthy children (9.11-13.3ml/kg/min). neonates produced the lowest clearance values (1.63ml/kg/min), compared to children aged 1 to 12 months (8.52ml/kg/min) who achieved the highest clearance values. Clearance was found to decrease after the age of 12 months to values of 5.34ml/kg/min in children aged 7 yeas and above. Patients with renal (n=5) and liver impairment (n=4) were found to have reduced midazolam clearance (1.37 and 0.74ml/kg/min respectively). Disease state was found to affect production of 1-OH. Patients with renal impairment (n=5) produced the lowest 1-OH midazolam plasma ratio (0.059) compared to patients with head injury (0.858).
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Books on the topic "Paediatric"

1

Marjorie, Anderson Charlotte, Burke Valerie, and Gracey Michael, eds. Paediatric gastroenterology. 2nd ed. Melbourne: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1987.

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M, Brett Edward, ed. Paediatric neurology. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1991.

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M, Hann Ian, and Gibson B. E. S, eds. Paediatric haematology. London: Baillière, 1991.

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A, Black J., ed. Paediatric emergencies. 2nd ed. London: Butterworths, 1987.

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Burns, Anne. Paediatric prescriber. 3rd ed. Belfast: Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, 1994.

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Variend, S. Paediatric Neoplasia. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2224-5.

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Berry, Colin L., ed. Paediatric Pathology. London: Springer London, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3337-7.

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Alshryda, Sattar, James S. Huntley, and Paul A. Banaszkiewicz, eds. Paediatric Orthopaedics. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41142-2.

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Thomson, Kate, Dean Tey, and Michael Marks, eds. Paediatric Handbook. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444308051.

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Berry, Colin L., ed. Paediatric Pathology. London: Springer London, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3025-3.

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Book chapters on the topic "Paediatric"

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Harrison, Anna. "Paediatric Tracheostomy and Paediatric Airway Management." In Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 543–47. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003175995-109.

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Andronikou, Savvas. "Paediatric Thorax." In See Right Through Me, 807–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23893-2_32.

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Spiessl, B., P. Hermanek, O. Scheibe, and G. Wagner. "Paediatric Tumours." In TNM-Atlas, 211–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02443-0_9.

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Wilson, David J., and Gina M. Allen. "Paediatric Imaging." In General Principles of Children's Orthopaedic Disease, 47–62. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-549-1_5.

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Hilton, David A., and Aditya G. Shivane. "Paediatric Diseases." In Neuropathology Simplified, 219–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14605-8_14.

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Williams, Anthony F. "Paediatric Nutrition." In Clinical Nutrition, 420–76. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119211945.ch23.

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Babar, Judith, Oğuz Dicle, Hildo J. Lamb, Laura Oleaga, and Fermín Sáez. "Paediatric Radiology." In EDiR - The Essential Guide, 183–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20066-4_10.

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Tate, Maryanne. "Paediatric provision." In Principles of Hearing Aid Audiology, 253–65. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7152-4_13.

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Singh, Jagwant, Sam Heaton, and Kyle James. "Paediatric Knee." In In Clinical Practice, 135–56. London: Springer London, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6769-3_10.

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Aresti, Nick A., and Matthew Barry. "Paediatric Spine." In In Clinical Practice, 53–68. London: Springer London, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6769-3_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Paediatric"

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Harahap, Sarah Geltri, Cicylia Candi, and Adang Bachtiar. "Acceptance and Barrier in Using Telemedicine Health Services of Hospitals among Paediatric Outpatients: A Systematic Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.31.

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ABSTRACT Background: Utilization of the telemedicine application is an alternative option for paediatric health services without a direct visit to hospitals, especially in pandemic or disease outbreak conditions. The important telemedicine services, especially for paediatric patients, need to be tackled by stakeholders and hospital management teams. This study aimed to investigate the acceptance and barrier in using telemedicine health services of hospitals among paediatric outpatients. Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching from Science­Direct and Scopus databases. The keywords were “telemedicine OR patient paediatric”. The in­clusion criteria were open accessed and English-language articles published between 2019 to 2020. The data were reported by PRISMA flow chart. Results: Nine articles met the inclusion criteria. Feasibility and the easiness to use of the application, cost-effectiveness, less travel time, easy access to medicine, and effective health services were the optimal services received by paediatric outpatients in using telemedicine. The limitations of telemedicine services were lack of physical and diagnostic examinations, information for socio-demographic and socioeconomic status, patient insurance coverage, direct care services, and privacy and confidentiality of patients. Conclusion: Not all the conditions of paediatric outpatients receive optimal health services through telemedicine. An innovative approach is needed to improve telemedicine’s available health services, especially for paediatric outpatients who need direct health care without visiting the hospitals. Keywords: telemedicine, paediatric outpatients, health services Correspondence: Sarah Geltri Harahap. Master Program of Policy and Health Administration, Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia. Email: sarah.geltri@ui.ac.id. Mobile: +628137598­5375. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.31
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Purcell, C., C. Martins, J. Balfe, and EJ Molloy. "G186(P) ‘paediatric pitstop’ general academic paediatric research workshop." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the Annual Conference, 13–15 March 2018, SEC, Glasgow, Children First – Ethics, Morality and Advocacy in Childhood, The Journal of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-rcpch.181.

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Davies, Lia. "294 Improving paediatric clinical skills in not paediatric trainees." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference, Glasgow, 23–25 May 2023. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2023-rcpch.551.

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Belot, Alexandre, Rolando Cimaz, and David Isenberg. "20 Paediatric SLE." In 10th Annual Meeting of the Lupus Academy. Lupus Foundation of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2021-la.20.

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Tolan, SR, and S. Broughton. "G378 ‘The paediatric family project’: an evolving paediatric mentoring system." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference–Online, 25 September 2020–13 November 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-rcpch.323.

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Beukes, Giancarlo L., Michael Levin, and Sudesh Sivarasu. "The Paediatric Metered Dosage Inhaler (pMDI) Sleeve Attachment." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3459.

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Asthma is a chronic disease that causes fixed airflow obstruction, swelling and inflammation of the lung airways. This results in shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing [1]. 3.9 million People in South Africa are estimated to suffer from the disease and 1.5% of this total die as a result, annually [2]. The disease is the 3rd most common cause of child hospitalisation in South Africa. In developing countries, the most common and affordable treatment option for asthma would be the standard metered dosage inhaler (MDI) [3, 4]. MDI’s provide a range of medications (including airway dilators and anti-inflammatories) contained within the aerosol canisters. A large number of paediatric and geriatric patients suffering from asthma are unable to produce the necessary force required to activate the standard MDI. The study investigated fingertip pinch (action carried out when activating an MDI) strengths to determine the activation force deficit for paediatric patients [5]. In addition, patients using a standard MDI are unable to track the number of dosages remaining in the aerosol canisters [5]. The study presents a solution to the above mentioned patient limitations. A sleeve attachment was developed to reduce the required activation force of a standard MDI and track patient medication adherence. Additional features included height adjustability for varied MDI sizes (55mm to 90mm in length) and paediatric patient aesthetic appeal.
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Kyprios, Andrew, Emily Suckling, Jessica Smith, and Rosie Fish. "676 Paediatric virtual simulation." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference–Online, 15 June 2021–17 June 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-rcpch.136.

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Zerbi, Alberto. "Paediatric Spinal Deformities: Imaging." In eccElearning Postgraduate Diploma in Spine Surgery. eccElearning, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28962/01.3.092.

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Parfitt, Christina, and Roshni Desai. "1301 Improving paediatric induction." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference, Liverpool, 28–30 June 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-rcpch.790.

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Mukharjji, Chiranjit, and Manjunath Sanjeevaiah. "649 Paediatric sepsis audit." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference, Liverpool, 28–30 June 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-rcpch.727.

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Reports on the topic "Paediatric"

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Scott, Ann, Joanna Duncan, David Tivey, and Wendy Babidge. Paediatric deep brain stimulation. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/iksx3206.

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This review aimed to assess the evidence around the use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for paediatric patients with severe dystonia. It aimed to answer the following questions: 1) Is paediatric DBS safe, efficacious and cost effective when compared with best supportive care?, 2) Is DBS more safe or more effective for some types of paediatric dystonia than others? Are there agreed patient selection criteria?, 3) What models of care and service delivery or access and funding mechanisms are established to deliver paediatric DBS internationally?. The available evidence is limited but the growing body of level IV evidence generally supports use of DBS for improving motor function and disability. More data is needed that looks as other aspects of patient wellbeing.
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Trimboli, Mariele, and Paul Jones. Foreskin conditions in paediatric practice. BJUI knowledge, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0629.v3.

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Wells, Hannah, and Paul Jones. Foreskin conditions in paediatric practice. BJUI Knowledge, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0629.v2.

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Danzig, Matthew R., and Jonathan S. Ellison. Operative interventions for paediatric renal calculi. BJUI Knowledge, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0284.

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Ariyanayagam, Rachel, and Bobby krishnachetty. PAEDIATRIC POST-OPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING. World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.28923/atotw.479.

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This tutorial covers the physiology of vomiting, risk factors for post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in children, methods of risk reduction, and both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for preventing and managing paediatric PONV.
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Peñaloza, Blanca. Does paediatric home care improve health outcomes in children? SUPPORT, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/1701133.

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Paediatric home care for ill children has been developed for different diseases and with different models as an alternative to care based in hospitals. In this summary we present evidence for home care for children with acute physical conditions, home rehabilitation for children with traumatic brain injury, and home chemotherapy.
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Prescott, Marta, Caroline Boeke, Tendai Gotora, Haurovi William Mafaune, Wadzanai Motsi, Justin Graves, Alexio Mangwiro, and Elizabeth McCarthy. Integration of EPI and paediatric HIV services for improved ART initiation in Zimbabwe. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/tw708.

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Emery, Kate, Yasmine Ali Abdelhamid, and Kimberley Haines. Patient and Family Engagement in Adult and Paediatric Critical Care Research: A Scoping Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2024.4.0036.

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Moxham-Hall, Vivienne, Anton du Toit, Sallie Newell, Stuart Brentnall, Deshanie Rawlings, and Eileen Goldberg. Proton beam therapy: A rapid review of the evidence since 2020. The Sax Institute, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/tjvf1783.

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The purpose of the report is to conduct a rapid review of the recent evidence (since 2020) on proton beam therapy (PBT) for: paediatric cancers, central nervous system (CNS) tumours, head and neck cancer and prostate cancer. The report aims to provide a rapid summary of the current knowledge about PBT’s effectiveness, safety, and potential advantages over conventional radiation therapy. The report includes evidence that has become available subsequent to the evidence submitted in the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)’s Medical Services Advisory Committee (MSAC) application requesting Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) listing of PBT for paediatric and rare cancers (MSAC Application No. 1638). In addition, the report presents data on international benchmarking of PBT facilities per million population, and with consideration to Australia’s population and numbers of people with cancers recommended for public funding for PBT by MSAC.
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Alsuwais, Sara, Alanowd Alghaith, Richard Body, and Simon Carley. Prehospital Management of Paediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Protocol for A Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2024.3.0015.

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