Journal articles: 'Paddyfilm'

1

Kobayashi, Kenichiro, Kaoru Takara, Mitsugu Funada, and Yukiko Takeuchi. "Development of a Framework for the Flood Economic Risk Assessment Using Vector GIS Data." Journal of Disaster Research 5, no. 6 (December 1, 2010): 657–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2010.p0657.

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This paper proposes a flood economic risk assessment framework using vector GIS data, expressing individual house and paddyfield, prepared by a municipal Japanese government. Flood inundation is first simulated with a structured grid, then the simulated flood inundation depth, expressed in grid cells, is assigned to vector data house and paddyfield polygons as attributes. Flood-damage ratios of houses and paddyfields are then calculated using relationships of the flood depth, duration, and damage ratio opened by the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourisms (MLIT). Economic loss involving building and paddyfield damages due to flooding is then calculated by multiplying the damage ratio, evaluation price per area, and the asset area. The advantage of using such vector data is that it yields the area of each house and paddyfield precisely, which also realizes, on average, the precise economic loss estimation. As the results, the spatial distribution of economic loss on an individual house/paddyfield scale is also identified. Since vector data shows area characteristics, the framework proposed here is useful in communitybased flood management. A workshop presenting the framework showed that the system potentially induces workshop participants to consider community-based flood hazard management.

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Solikhin, Solikhin, and Purnomo Purnomo. "PREFERENSI TIKUS SAWAH (RATTUS-RATTUS ARGENTIVENTER) DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP POLA KERUSAKAN PADI VARIETAS DODOKAN DAN CIANJUR." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 8, no. 1 (November 4, 2011): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.1823-30.

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Paddyfield Rat (Rattus-rattus argentiventer) Preference and Its Impact on The Damage Pattern of Dodokan and Cianjur Rice Cultivar. A field experiment was conducted during the dry season of 2006 in Central Lampung to evaluate the preference of paddyfield rat (Rattus-rattus argentiventer) to Dodokan and Cianjur rice cultivars in the rice field and its impact on the damage pattern caused by the rat’s attack. The experiment of six treatments and 3 replications were arranged in a randomized completely block design. Each treatment consisted of two rice cultivars i.e. Cisadane and Dodokan. Dodokan cultivar was planted in centre of each experimental unit, surrounded by Cianjur, forming six different patterns (formations) as treatment. All experimental units then were exposed to natural paddyfield rat population. Weekly observations on both cultivars were made to record the damage caused by the rat from 30 to 84 day after transplanting. Aerial view of all treatments were also taken at 84 days after transplanting (a week prior to harvest). The result showed that the paddyfield rat significantly prefered Dodokan rice cultivar to Cianjur. Eventually, the preference of the rat influenced the damage pattern of Dodokan rice cultivar, showed by some unique aerial views of the plot.

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Dassir, Muh. "PENDAPATAN PETANI DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN TANAMAN PADA BERBAGAI POLA USAHA WANATANI DI SUB DAS MINRALENG HULU KABUPATEN MAROS." PERENNIAL 3, no. 2 (July 1, 2007): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v3i2.174.

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The plant diversity using shanon index and the farmer income level were investigated in this study. This information is very important to contribute some improvement of agroforestry pattern related to the farmer welfare and the ecological productivity in upperstream Minraleng Sub Watershed. Results show that the diversity index of mix public forest was higher than the other patterns, eventhough it has a lower contribution compared to paddyfield. Paddyfield and unirigated-land have a higher contribution to farmer income, but they have lower diversity indexes. In contrast, candlenut monoculture and mix garden have higher diversity indexes and lower contribution to farmer income. A plant diversification under candlenut stands and an economical plant intensification on mix garden were needed to increase the farmer income and the diversity of economic plants. Key words: Diversity index, farmer income, agroforestry, Minraleng Sub Watershed References

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Zehtindjiev, Pavel, Mihaela Ilieva, Bengt Hansson, Olga Oparina, Mihail Oparin, and Staffan Bensch. "Population genetic structure in the paddyfield warbler (Acrocephalus agricola Jerd.)." Current Zoology 57, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/57.1.63.

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Abstract Population genetic structure was studied in paddyfield warblers Acrocephalus agricola breeding in NE Bulgaria, SE Russia and S Kazakhstan. We were particularly interested in the degree of genetic differentiation and gene flow of the Bulgarian population due to its geographical isolation, recent origin and unique migratory strategy. Analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) showed that there was no divergence between Bulgarian and Russian populations (FST = 0.007), whereas those in Kazakhstan differed significantly from the European breeding populations (Russia: FST = 0.058; Bulgaria: FST = 0.114). The degree of differentiation between populations at nuclear markers (five microsatellite loci; FST ≈ 0) was weaker than for mtDNA. We suggest that this relatively weak differentiation over the range of this species reflects a recent postglacial expansion, and results from mismatch distribution analyses and Fu’s FS tests are in agreement. Preservation of small and geographically isolated populations which may contain individuals with unique adaptive traits, such as the studied Bulgarian population of paddyfield warbler, is valuable for the long-term conservation of expanding migratory bird species.

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DEGUCHI, SHOTA, YUKIHIRO ISHIHARA, and HIDEO MIGUCHI. "Habitat preferences of breeding Yellow Buntings Emberiza sulphurata in hilly rural areas following rice field abandonment in northern Japan." Bird Conservation International 27, no. 4 (December 20, 2016): 550–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270916000435.

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SummaryWe studied the habitat preferences of breeding Yellow Buntings Emberiza sulphurata, taking into account the effects of paddyfield abandonment in hilly rural areas within the heavy snow region of northern Japan. Across 30 transects located in valley bottoms, we investigated the relationship between Yellow Bunting abundance and landscape characteristics. The results of generalized linear mixed models showed that forest edge density and landslide sites positively affected Yellow Bunting abundance. These habitats were associated with bush vegetation (forest edge, shrub land, and tall grassland) and were adjacent to the forest. Paddyfield abandonment showed a hump-shaped effect with a peak at the middle succession stage, which was covered primarily with tall grass and some shrubs, but the effect on Yellow Bunting abundance was not statistically significant. To conserve Yellow Bunting habitats in hilly rural areas, it is necessary to protect the forest edge and landslide sites from urbanisation and exploitation. It is also necessary to continue crop cultivation in such areas, to maintain the edges between open land and forest. If cultivation can no longer be continued, the abandoned paddyfields should be kept bushy, using reed beds and shrubs, by active management.

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6

van den Berg, Arnoud B., and Cecilia A. W. Bosman. "Paddyfield Warbler,Acrocephalus agricola, at Van Gölü, eastern Turkey." Zoology in the Middle East 2, no. 1 (January 1988): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09397140.1988.10637550.

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7

Cui, Baoshan, Zheyuan You, and Min Yao. "Vertical characteristics of the Hani terrace paddyfield ecosystem in Yunnan, China." Frontiers of Biology in China 3, no. 3 (March 19, 2008): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11515-008-0055-5.

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Ayé, Raffael, Tobias Roth, and Thomas Stalling. "Paddyfield Pipit (Anthus rufulus) in south-eastern Iran: a species new to the Middle East." Zoology in the Middle East 60, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2014.914754.

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9

Ying, Eng Pei, Mohd Zamani Ngali, and Mohd Taufik Ahmad. "A Review on the Selection of Granular Fertiliser Distribution Methods for Malaysiaâ€™s Paddy Field on a Large Scale." Journal of Business Management and Accounting 6, no. 1 (May 19, 2020): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jbma2016.6.1.8854.

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High efficiency distribution applicators, such as boom sprayer (air blower concept),Kuhn Axis fertiliser spreaders (rotating disc concept), and pendulum spreader (magneticconcept) were the response to the call to distribute granular fertiliser to a paddy fieldon a large scale. Each of these distribution applicators had their own characteristicswhich are optimised for different purposes. This paper shows the review results afterstudying journal papers to select the most suitable applicators for Malaysiaâ€™s paddyfield on a large scale. The analyses included the compliments of these applicatorstoward the type of granular fertiliser used in Malaysiaâ€™s paddy field, the maintenancecost of these applicators, the suitability of machine to be used in the landscape ofMalaysiaâ€™s paddy, the distribution areas covered by these applicators, and the accuracyof distribution. The review concluded that Kuhn Axis fertiliser spreader was found to bethe most suitable applicator compared to other applicators.

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10

YAMASHITA, Masazumi, and Katsuhisa HONDA. "Effects of the Application with Adsorbent Made of Iron Oxide on Reducing the Cadmium Transfer to Paddyfield Rice." Journal of Environmental Chemistry 18, no. 3 (2008): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5985/jec.18.369.

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11

NAKAGAWA, Ryozo, Tatsuo KATOU, and Ziao ming ZHU. "Special Articles on Global and Regional Environment and Chemistry. Behavior of Residual Pesticide Mercury in Soils of Paddyfield." NIPPON KAGAKU KAISHI, no. 5 (1991): 470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/nikkashi.1991.470.

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12

Vrezec, Al, and Dare Fekonja. "Poročilo o obročkanju ptic v Sloveniji v letu 2016 in pojavljanje mušje listnice Phylloscopus inornatus v 25 letih v Sloveniji." Acrocephalus 38, no. 174-175 (December 1, 2017): 171–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acro-2017-0011.

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Abstract In 2016, data on 176 bird species were gathered during bird ringing activities in Slovenia. A total of 65,711 birds of 165 different species were ringed. Furthermore, 148 recoveries of birds ringed in Slovenia and found abroad, 245 foreign recoveries in Slovenia and 1840 local recoveries were made. The most frequently ringed species was the Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla. Among the ringed nestlings, Great Tits Parus major, Tree Sparrows Passer montanus and White Storks Ciconia ciconia predominated. Considering recoveries of birds ringed or found abroad, the most frequent were finds based on colour rings, especially of Black-headed Gulls Chroicocephalus ridibundus, Mute Swans Cygnus olor and Common Terns Sterna hirundo. As far as local recoveries are concerned, most data were collected for Great Tit and Siskin Spinus spinus. Among rare species, two Yellow-browed Warblers Phylloscopus inornatus were ringed, one Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus agricola, one Little Emberiza pusilla and one Black-headed Bunting Emberiza melanocephala, the latter as a singing male, which probably also bred in 2016. The catch frequency of the Yellow-browed Warblers has indeed been increasing in Slovenia in the last 25 years, but this is still a rare and irregular vagrant on autumn migration.

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13

Zehtindjiev, Pavel, Mihaela Ilieva, and Susanne Åkesson. "Autumn orientation behaviour of paddyfield warblers, Acrocephalus agricola, from a recently expanded breeding range on the western Black Sea coast." Behavioural Processes 85, no. 2 (October 2010): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2010.07.003.

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14

Brlík, Vojtěch, Mihaela Ilieva, Simeon Lisovski, Christian C. Voigt, and Petr Procházka. "First insights into the migration route and migratory connectivity of the Paddyfield Warbler using geolocator tagging and stable isotope analysis." Journal of Ornithology 159, no. 3 (May 18, 2018): 879–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-018-1557-9.

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15

Vrezec, Al, and Dare Fekonja. "Bird ringing report for Slovenia in 2017 and short overview of colour ringing in the period of 2012–2017." Acrocephalus 39, no. 178-179 (December 1, 2018): 129–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acro-2018-0010.

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Abstract In 2017, the Slovenian bird ringing scheme concluded 90 years of continuous ringing in the country. In 2017, we collected data on 176 bird species. We ringed 79,886 birds of 164 species, recorded 177 recoveries of birds ringed in Slovenia and found abroad, 295 foreign recoveries in Slovenia and 2,209 local recoveries. The most ringed species were the Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla and Great Tit Parus major and, among pulli in the nest, the Great Tit, White Stork Ciconia ciconia and Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica. In 2017, 12 colour ringing schemes were active in Slovenia. In the 2012-2017 period, the number of recoveries of birds ringed in Slovenia and found abroad increased significantly due to colour ringing, especially regarding the waterbirds. With colour ringing, the likelihood of recoveries is considerably greater (75.20 ± 91.36 recoveries per 100 ringed birds) than with metal ringing only (0.11 ± 0.08 recoveries per 100 ringed birds). Among local recoveries, the most frequent were the Mute Swans Cygnus olor and Common Terns Sterna hirundo, and among foreign recoveries the Black-headed Gulls Chroicocephalus ridibundus predominated. In 2017, the first Broad-billed Sandpiper Calidris falcinellus was ringed in Slovenia (Sečovlje salinas), and additional three rare species were ringed as well: the Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus (Ljubljansko barje), Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus agricola (Ljubljansko barje) and Little Bunting Emberiza pusilla (Šentrupert).

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Widyastuti, Rahayu. "Abundance, Biomass and Diversity of Soil Fauna at Different Ecosystems in Jakenan, Pati, Central Java." Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2004): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitl.6.1.1-6.

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The assessment of soil fauna in three different ecosystems namely teak forest, home garden and fallow paddyfield hadbeen studied in Pati, Central Java. The soil fauna was collected using a soil corer of 20 cm diameter to the depth of 0-15 cmfrom 5 randomized points in the above ecosystems. The soil fauna was t$en extracted in a Berlese funnel extractor. Soil faunain the home garden showed a highest abundance (2 940 individual m--), followed by teak forest (2 340 individual m-?) and fallow paddy (1 790 individual m-?). Home garden had also a higher soil fauna diversity (2.06) compared to the teak forest (1.82) and fallow paddy (1.67). In terms of soil fauna biomass, teak forest had a higher value (961 mg m-3 compared to the home garden (368 mg m-3 and fallow paddy (309 mg m"). In these three ecosystems, two fauna groups, i.e. Collembola and Acari were the most abundant animals. Poor vegetation cover tend to reduce the population of soil fauna in the fallow paddj. field, whereas vegetation found in the home garden and teak forest protected the soil surface from direct sunshine and maintained soil moisture. This condition presumably provided a more favourable habitat for soil fauna. Thus, vegetation cover appears important to maintain soil moisture and soil living-organisms.

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LI Zhiyi, 李志毅, 隋贺 SUI He, 徐艳博 XU Yanbo, 韩兰芝 HAN Lanzhi, and 陈法军 CHEN Fajun. "Effects of insect-resistant transgenicBtrice with a fusedCry1Ab+Cry1Acgene on population dynamics of the stem borers,Chilo suppressalisandSesamia inferens, occurring in paddyfield." Acta Ecologica Sinica 32, no. 6 (2012): 1783–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5846/stxb201102260222.

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Tse, C. M., and J. D. Young. "Glucose transport in fish erythrocytes: variable cytochalasin-B-sensitive hexose transport activity in the common eel (Anguilla japonica) and transport deficiency in the paddyfield eel (Monopterus albus) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)." Journal of Experimental Biology 148, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 367–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.148.1.367.

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Erythrocytes from individual common eels (Anguilla japonica Temminck and Schlegel) exhibited widely variable initial rates of cytochalasin-B-sensitive 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (3-OMG) zero-trans influx, in the range of 0–19.5 mmol l-cells-1 h-1 (5 mmol l-1 extracellular concentration at 20 degrees C, 50 animals tested). Storage of cells at 4 degrees C in a glucose-containing medium for up to 72 h had no effect on 3-OMG uptake, and there was no correlation between the sugar permeabilities of erythrocytes from different fish and intracellular ATP levels. Adrenaline and noradrenaline increased cytochalasin-B-sensitive 3-OMG transport activity; half-maximal stimulation occurred at catecholamine concentrations in the region of 1 mumol l-1. This catecholamine-induced stimulation of sugar transport appeared to be independent of the basal cytochalasin-B-sensitive 3-OMG permeability of the cells. Kinetically, catecholamines increased the Vm of transport without changing the apparent Km (approx. 1.4 mmol l-1). Saturable 3-OMG influx was inhibited by phloretin, D-glucose, D-deoxyglucose and D-galactose, but not by D-fructose and L-glucose. Transporter stereoselectivity was confirmed by direct measurements of D- and L-glucose uptake. Erythrocytes from two other fish species, Monopterus albus Richardson (paddyfield eel) and Salmo gairdneri Richardson (rainbow trout), unlike those from the common eel, were uniformly deficient with respect to cytochalasin-B-sensitive 3-OMG and D-glucose transport activity. Catecholamines had no effect on sugar uptake in these species.

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Loi, Dao Nhan, and Vu Dinh Thong. "First records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Muong Phang cultural and historical site, Dien Bien province, Northwestern Vietnam." TAP CHI SINH HOC 39, no. 3 (September 27, 2017): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7160/v39n3.10641.

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The internationally renowned Muong Phang Cultural and Historical Site is located in the Dien Bien Phu region, northwestern Vietnam, and has received special attention from the public because of its great biodiversity. This site has a large forest area and other habitats including lakes, streams, rivers and paddyfield. These habitats would be ideal homes for bats and other biological taxa. However, in general, the wildlife of the Muong Phang Cultural and Historical Site receives little attention from scientists and authorities. Between 2014 and 2016, we conducted series of surveys for bats in Muong Phang. Bat capture and sound recordings were the main procedure to obtain materials and data necessary for the assessment of diversity and conservation status. The results of the surveys this time revealed that there are 19 species of bats belonging to 7 genera, 5 families in the study area. Of these, a Myotis sp. is different from all the previously recorded Myotis bats from Vietnam, and, a Rhinolophus sp. is different from every described species of the family Rhinolophidae. This paper provides the first records of bats from Muong Phang with remarks on their taxonomy and conservation status. Citation: Dao Nhan Loi, Vu Dinh Thong, 2017. First records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Muong Phang cultural and historical site, Dien Bien province, Northwestern Vietnam. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 39(3): 296-302. DOI: 10.15625/0866-7160/v39n3.10641. *Corresponding author: vudinhthong@hotmail.com. Received 29 August 2017, accepted 10 September 2017

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20

Zehtindjiev, Pavel, Mihaela Ilieva, Asta Križanauskienė, Olga Oparina, Mihail Oparin, and Staffan Bensch. "Occurrence of haemosporidian parasites in the paddyfield warbler, Acrocephalus agricola (Passeriformes, Sylviidae)." Acta Parasitologica 54, no. 4 (January 1, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11686-009-0052-0.

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AbstractThe blood parasite diversity was studied in paddyfield warblers (Acrocephalus agricola) breeding in NE Bulgaria, SW Russia and S. Kazakhstan. Nine cytochrome b gene lineages were recorded, 4 belonging to Haemoproteus spp. and 5 to Plasmodium spp. The overall prevalence of haemosporidians was 33.3%. The composition of parasites varied geographically, with six lineages recorded in Russia, five lineages in Bulgaria and two lineages in Kazakhstan. Two lineages are described for the first time, i.e. ACAGR1 (belonging to Plasmodium sp. and recorded from a single bird in Russia) and ACAGR2 (belonging to Haemoproteus sp., recorded from Bulgaria and Russia). The latter lineage is the most widespread parasite in the Bulgarian population, scarce in Russia and absent in Kazakhstan. It is supposed that ACAGR2 has originated from the widespread lineage ACDUM1 differing from it by a single nucleotide. One lineage only (ACDUM2) occurs in all the three populations studied and is a nonspecific parasite known from various passerines. Six of the registered lineages have been found in a single population of A. agricola and also represent non-specific parasites occurring in a wide range of passerine birds. Their records in A. agricola may indicate the high transmission rate of these parasites in the habitats where this host co-occurs with other passerines. The variation of the composition of the haemosporidian parasite communities through the breeding range of A. agricola makes up heterogeneous selection pressures that may drive intraspecific variation in important life-history traits.

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Shen, Yichun, Jinrui Lei, Xiqiang Song, and Mingxun Ren. "Annual Population Dynamics and Their Influencing Factors for an Endangered Submerged Macrophyte (Ottelia cordata)." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9 (November 18, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.688304.

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Due to wetland loss, Ottelia cordata (O. cordata, Wallich) Dandy has been categorized as an endangered species on the List of Key Protected Wild Plants in China. Quantifying the relative importance of demographic (i.e., growth, survival, and reproduction) and habitat preference traits on the population dynamics (abundance) of O. cordata could guide how to develop the best recovery strategies of O. cordata, yet currently, there are no studies that investigate this. By monitoring monthly changes in O. cordata abundance and demographic traits (plant height, leaf area, flower sex ratio, and seed number) that were highly correlated with growth rate, photosynthetic rate, and water depth, we identified several relationships. Linear mixed-effect models and variance partition quantified the specific effects of four demographic traits and water depth on O. cordata abundance in three habitat types (paddyfield, stream, and spring). The linear mixed-effect models indicate that among the four demographic traits, height could be significantly positively correlated to abundance in all three habitat types. In contrast, other three traits (leaf area, sex ratio, and seed numbers) were non-significantly associated with abundance across each habitat. Height was determined by water depth, so water depth rather than photosynthetic rate and reproduction rate may promote the development and recovery of O. cordata populations. Variance partition results showed that water depth mediated the positive influence of growth rate on the abundance of O. cordata in the living habitats (paddyfield and spring). In contrast, water depth but not growth rate determined the abundance of O. cordata in the living habitat (stream). However, water depth had a significantly negative impact on the abundance of O. cordata in stream habitats, likely because all of the streams were shallow. Altogether, in the short term for avoiding the potential harm or even extinction of O. cordata, keeping appropriate water depth or transplanting O. cordata to spring should be an effective strategy because the water is not only deep enough but also clear in spring habitats. Additionally, water turbidity was shown to affect the density of O. cordata growth, wherein O. cordata was sparsely distributed when turbidity was high. Therefore, in the long run, to make the population gradually recovery, it will be necessary to restore the degraded wetland. This could be accomplished by reducing water pollution and removing sludge to reduce turbidity and increase hydrological connectivity.

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Bharos, A. M. K., Ravi Naidu, Aviral Jadhav, and Ameet Mandavia. "Paddyfield Pipit <i>Anthus rufulus</i> (Family Motacillidae) Catching and Feeding on Fish." Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society (JBNHS) 119 (December 31, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.17087/jbnhs/2022/v119/167985.

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TAUFIK, PIPIK, and WONG SEE YONG. "The Pathogenic Bacteria of Paddyfield Catfishes (Clarias batrachus (L.) and C. macrocephalus Gunther) from Kedah and Perak, West Malaysia." Asian Fisheries Science 3, no. 3 (September 1, 1990). http://dx.doi.org/10.33997/j.afs.1990.3.3.010.

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Skin lesions and liver, kidney and spleen tissues of unhealthy wild and cultured catfishes (Clarias batrachus (L.) and C. macrocephalus Gonther) from Kedah and Perak, West Malaysia, were examined for pathogenic bacteria by isolation onto three selective and one nonselective culture media. Of a total of 392 catfishes examined, 162 (41.3%) were infected with bacteria. A total of 228 isolates (37.4%) were obtained from tryptic soy agar, 194 (31.8%) from cytophaga agar, 129 (21.1%) from Rimler-Shotts agar and 59 (9.7%) from cetrimide agar. Out of a total of 610 isolates, 191 (31.3%) were obtained from skin lesion, 188 (30.8%) from liver, 124 (20.3%) from kidney and 107(17.5%) from spleen. A total of 449 isolates (73.6%) were identified as Aeromonas, 13 (2.1%) as Alcaligenes, five (0.8%) as Acinetobacter, five (0.8%) as Achromobacter, one (0.2%) as Bacillus, 45 (7.4%) as enterobacteria, 15 (2.5%) as Flavobacterium, four (0.6%) as Pseudomonas and 73 (12%) as Plesiomonas. Among the 449 isolates identified as Aeromonas, 390 (86.9%) were pathogenic to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus (L.)), while only five of 73 isolates (6.8%) identified as Plesiomonas and one of 45 isolates (2.2%) identified as enterobacteria were also pathogenic to this fish. Other isolates were not pathogenic.

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Siburian, Robert. "Formasi Sosial di Desa Kerta Buana: Transformasi dari Masyarakat Pertanian menjadi Masyarakat Pertambangan." Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya 22, no. 3 (December 30, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jmb.v22i3.1024.

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Community in Kerta Buana village developed by Indonesia government in 1980 through transmigration program were farmers. Meanwhile, farmland which received of transmigrant that time was 1¾ hectare (ha); one hectare of the land is for tidally irrigated rice, and ¾ hectare of the land is for dryland crop. Biside that, each transmigrant also received ¼ hectare land for home garden. Through the land which was given by government to transmigrants, before 2000, Kerta Buana village could be created as centre of paddys for Tenggarong Seberang subdistrict result of some paddyfield which made of transmigrants. However, effect of coal mining expantion and change of mining method from underground pit mining to open pit mining, center of paddys term move slowly become center of mine holes, it consequence so many mine holes are open because they are not reclaimed. Social formation of the community also changes from agriculture activity whose ever to dominate activity there to activity is whole depent coal mining activity dynamic in Kerta Buana village and its surrounding. This paper tries to explain social formation dynamic happening there as the attendance of mining business who sponsored by government through some permits given to many companies which able to change transmigration area with agriculture activity becoming coal mining area with varians of economic activities together.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Paddyfilm'

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